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151. Tunable Pentapeptide Self‐Assembled β‐Sheet Hydrogels

Author: Clarke, David E., primary, Parmenter, Christopher D. J., additional, and Scherman, Oren A., additional
Published: 2018
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152. Application of nanoparticle tracking analysis platform for the measurement of soot-in-oil agglomerates from automotive engines

Author: A. La Rocca, G. Di Liberto, Paul J. Shayler, Michael W. Fay, and Christopher D. J. Parmenter
Subjects: Automotive engine, Heptane, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Nanoparticle tracking analysis, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, Surfaces and Interfaces, Tracking (particle physics), medicine.disease_cause, Soot, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Length measurement, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Agglomerate, Mechanics of Materials, NTA, TEM, medicine, Soot-in-oil
Abstract: Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) has been applied to characterising soot agglomerates of particles and compared with Transmission Electron Microscoscopy (TEM). Soot nanoparticles were extracted from used oil drawn from the sump of a light duty automotive diesel engine. The samples were prepared for analysis by diluting with heptane. Individual tracking of soot agglomerates allows for size distribution analysis. The size of soot was compared with length measurements of projected two-dimensional TEM images of agglomerates. Both the techniques show that soot-in-oil exists as agglomerates with average size of 120nm. NTA is able to measure particles in polydisperse solutions and reports the size and volume distribution of soot-in-oil aggregates; it has the advantages of being fast and relatively low cost if compared with TEM.
Published: 2014
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153. Delivery of cognitive-behaviour therapy for psychosis:a service user preference trial

Author: Haddock, Gillian, Berry, Katherine, Davies, Gabriel, Dunn, Graham, Harris, Kamelia, Hartley, Samantha, Holland, Fiona, Kelly, James Andrew, Law, Heather, Morrison, Anthony P., Mulligan, John, Neil, Sandra T., Pitt, Liz, Rivers, Zoe, Taylor, Christopher, D. J., Wass, Rachel, Welford, Mary, Woodward, Sarah, Barrowclough, Christine, Haddock, Gillian, Berry, Katherine, Davies, Gabriel, Dunn, Graham, Harris, Kamelia, Hartley, Samantha, Holland, Fiona, Kelly, James Andrew, Law, Heather, Morrison, Anthony P., Mulligan, John, Neil, Sandra T., Pitt, Liz, Rivers, Zoe, Taylor, Christopher, D. J., Wass, Rachel, Welford, Mary, Woodward, Sarah, and Barrowclough, Christine
Abstract: Background: Clinical guidelines recommend cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for people with psychosis, however, implementation is poor and not everyone wishes to engage with therapy. Understanding service user (SU) preferences for receiving such treatments is a priority for services. Aims: To explore SU preferences and outcomes of different methods of delivering CBT for psychosis. Method: SUs experiencing psychosis could choose between treatment as usual (TAU); TAU plus telephone-delivered CBT with self-help, CBT recovery manual (TS); high support CBT (HS – TAU plus TS plus group sessions) or randomisation. Participants received their option of choice and were followed-up on several outcomes over 9 and 15 months. Results: Of 89 people recruited, three chose to be randomised and 86 expressed a treatment preference (32 chose TAU, 34 chose TS, 23 chose HS). There were few differences between those who chose therapy compared to those who chose TAU. Those who had more positive impacts from their symptoms were significantly more likely to choose TAU. Conclusions: Most people had strong preferences about treatment delivery and a substantial number did not wish to receive additional therapy. These findings have to be considered when planning and allocating resources for people with psychosis.
Published: 2018

154. Delivery of cognitive-behaviour therapy for psychosis : a service user preference trial

Author: Haddock, Gillian, Berry, Katherine, Davies, Gabriel, Dunn, Graham, Harris, Kamelia, Hartley, Samantha, Holland, Fiona, Kelly, James Andrew, Law, Heather, Morrison, Anthony P., Mulligan, John, Neil, Sandra T., Pitt, Liz, Rivers, Zoe, Taylor, Christopher, D. J., Wass, Rachel, Welford, Mary, Woodward, Sarah, Barrowclough, Christine, Haddock, Gillian, Berry, Katherine, Davies, Gabriel, Dunn, Graham, Harris, Kamelia, Hartley, Samantha, Holland, Fiona, Kelly, James Andrew, Law, Heather, Morrison, Anthony P., Mulligan, John, Neil, Sandra T., Pitt, Liz, Rivers, Zoe, Taylor, Christopher, D. J., Wass, Rachel, Welford, Mary, Woodward, Sarah, and Barrowclough, Christine
Abstract: Background: Clinical guidelines recommend cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for people with psychosis, however, implementation is poor and not everyone wishes to engage with therapy. Understanding service user (SU) preferences for receiving such treatments is a priority for services. Aims: To explore SU preferences and outcomes of different methods of delivering CBT for psychosis. Method: SUs experiencing psychosis could choose between treatment as usual (TAU); TAU plus telephone-delivered CBT with self-help, CBT recovery manual (TS); high support CBT (HS – TAU plus TS plus group sessions) or randomisation. Participants received their option of choice and were followed-up on several outcomes over 9 and 15 months. Results: Of 89 people recruited, three chose to be randomised and 86 expressed a treatment preference (32 chose TAU, 34 chose TS, 23 chose HS). There were few differences between those who chose therapy compared to those who chose TAU. Those who had more positive impacts from their symptoms were significantly more likely to choose TAU. Conclusions: Most people had strong preferences about treatment delivery and a substantial number did not wish to receive additional therapy. These findings have to be considered when planning and allocating resources for people with psychosis.
Published: 2018

155. Erratum: Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1736–1788)(S0140673618322037)(10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7))

Author: Roth G. A., Roth, G, Abate, D, Abate, K, Abay, S, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, H, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abejie, A, Abera, S, Abil, O, Abraha, H, Abrham, A, Abu-Raddad, L, Accrombessi, M, Acharya, D, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adedoyin, R, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adhena, B, Adib, M, Admasie, A, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agesa, K, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akbari, M, Akinyemi, R, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Raddadi, R, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alebel, A, Alene, K, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, S, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alonso, J, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Aminde, L, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, Y, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Animut, M, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, H, Ansha, M, Antonio, C, Anwari, P, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Arora, A, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, E, Ataro, Z, Atique, S, Atre, S, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayele, Y, Ayer, R, Azzopardi, P, Babazadeh, A, Bacha, U, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Bali, A, Ballesteros, K, Banach, M, Banerjee, K, Bannick, M, Banoub, J, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, L, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, B, Baynes, H, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Bejot, Y, Bekele, B, Belachew, A, Belay, E, Belay, Y, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berman, A, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, R, Bertolacci, G, Beuran, M, Beyranvand, T, Bhalla, A, Bhattarai, S, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Z, Biadgo, B, Biehl, M, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Bin Sayeed, M, Bisanzio, D, Biswas, T, Blacker, B, Basara, B, Borschmann, R, Bosetti, C, Bozorgmehr, K, Brady, O, Brant, L, Brayne, C, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Briant, P, Britton, G, Brugha, T, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Callender, C, Campos-Nonato, I, Campuzano Rincon, J, Cano, J, Car, M, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carter, A, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castillo Rivas, J, Castle, C, Castro, C, Castro, F, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Chang, J, Charlson, F, Chaturvedi, P, Chiang, P, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chisumpa, V, Chitheer, A, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Chung, S, Cicuttini, F, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Cohen, A, Cooper, L, Cortesi, P, Cortinovis, M, Cousin, E, Cowie, B, Criqui, M, Cromwell, E, Crowe, C, Crump, J, Cunningham, M, Daba, A, Dadi, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dang, A, Dargan, P, Daryani, A, Das, S, Gupta, R, Neves, J, Dasa, T, Dash, A, Davis, A, Davis Weaver, N, Davitoiu, D, Davletov, K, De La Hoz, F, De Neve, J, Degefa, M, Degenhardt, L, Degfie, T, Deiparine, S, Demoz, G, Demtsu, B, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Dervenis, N, Des Jarlais, D, Dessie, G, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dicker, D, Dinberu, M, Ding, E, Dirac, M, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Doku, D, Donnelly, C, Dorsey, E, Doshi, P, Douwes-Schultz, D, Doyle, K, Driscoll, T, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, E, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Ebrahimi, H, Ebrahimpour, S, Edessa, D, Edvardsson, D, Eggen, A, El Bcheraoui, C, El Sayed Zaki, M, El-Khatib, Z, Elkout, H, Ellingsen, C, Endres, M, Endries, A, Er, B, Erskine, H, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeili, R, Esteghamati, A, Fakhar, M, Fakhim, H, Faramarzi, M, Fareed, M, Farhadi, F, Farinha, C, Faro, A, Farvid, M, Farzadfar, F, Farzaei, M, Feigin, V, Feigl, A, Fentahun, N, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Ferrari, A, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Finegold, S, Fischer, F, Fitzmaurice, C, Foigt, N, Foreman, K, Fornari, C, Frank, T, Fukumoto, T, Fuller, J, Fullman, N, Furst, T, Furtado, J, Futran, N, Gallus, S, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gardner, W, Gebre, A, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremedhin, A, Gebremichael, B, Gebremichael, T, Gelano, T, Geleijnse, J, Genova-Maleras, R, Geramo, Y, Gething, P, Gezae, K, Ghadami, M, Ghadimi, R, Ghasemi Falavarjani, K, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Ghimire, M, Gibney, K, Gill, P, Gill, T, Gillum, R, Ginawi, I, Giroud, M, Giussani, G, Goenka, S, Goldberg, E, Goli, S, Gomez-Dantes, H, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Gorman, T, Goto, A, Goulart, A, Gnedovskaya, E, Grada, A, Grosso, G, Gugnani, H, Guimaraes, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, P, Gupta, T, Gutierrez, R, Gyawali, B, Haagsma, J, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hagos, T, Hailegiyorgis, T, Hailu, G, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Handal, A, Hankey, G, Harb, H, Harikrishnan, S, Haro, J, Hasan, M, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, R, Hay, S, He, Y, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, A, Hegazy, M, Heibati, B, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Heydarpour, P, Heydarpour, S, Hibstu, D, Hoek, H, Hole, M, Homaie Rad, E, Hoogar, P, Hosgood, H, Hosseini, S, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hotez, P, Hoy, D, Hsiao, T, Hu, G, Huang, J, Husseini, A, Hussen, M, Hutfless, S, Idrisov, B, Ilesanmi, O, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Irvine, C, Islam, N, Islam, S, Islami, F, Jacobsen, K, Jahangiry, L, Jahanmehr, N, Jain, S, Jakovljevic, M, Jalu, M, James, S, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, A, Jeemon, P, Jenkins, K, Jha, R, Jha, V, Johnson, C, Johnson, S, Jonas, J, Joshi, A, Jozwiak, J, Jungari, S, Jurisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalani, R, Karami, M, Karami Matin, B, Karch, A, Karema, C, Karimi-Sari, H, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, D, Kassa, G, Kassa, T, Kassebaum, N, Katikireddi, S, Kaul, A, Kazemi, Z, Kazemi Karyani, A, Kazi, D, Kefale, A, Keiyoro, P, Kemp, G, Kengne, A, Keren, A, Kesavachandran, C, Khader, Y, Khafaei, B, Khafaie, M, Khajavi, A, Khalid, N, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Khater, M, Khoja, A, Khosravi, A, Khosravi, M, Khubchandani, J, Kiadaliri, A, Kibret, G, Kidanemariam, Z, Kiirithio, D, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kivimaki, M, Knudsen, A, Kocarnik, J, Kochhar, S, Kokubo, Y, Kolola, T, Kopec, J, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krishan, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Kumar, P, Kutz, M, Kuzin, I, Kyu, H, Lad, D, Lad, S, Lafranconi, A, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lam, J, Lami, F, Lansingh, V, Lansky, S, Larson, H, Latifi, A, Lau, K, Lazarus, J, Lebedev, G, Lee, P, Leigh, J, Leili, M, Leshargie, C, Li, S, Li, Y, Liang, J, Lim, L, Lim, S, Limenih, M, Linn, S, Liu, S, Liu, Y, Lodha, R, Lonsdale, C, Lopez, A, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Ma, S, Macarayan, E, Mackay, M, Maclachlan, J, Maddison, E, Madotto, F, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Maghavani, D, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Manda, A, Mandarano-Filho, L, Manguerra, H, Mansournia, M, Mapoma, C, Marami, D, Maravilla, J, Marcenes, W, Marczak, L, Marks, A, Marks, G, Martinez, G, Martins-Melo, F, Martopullo, I, Marz, W, Marzan, M, Masci, J, Massenburg, B, Mathur, M, Mathur, P, Matzopoulos, R, Maulik, P, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mcmahon, B, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, M, Mehrotra, R, Mehta, K, Mehta, V, Mekonnen, T, Melese, A, Melku, M, Memiah, P, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengistu, D, Mengistu, G, Mensah, G, Mereta, S, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Mezgebe, H, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Millear, A, Miller, T, Miller-Petrie, M, Mini, G, Mirabi, P, Mirarefin, M, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Mitiku, H, Moazen, B, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammed, M, Mohammed, S, Mohan, V, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradinazar, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Velasquez, I, Morgado-Da-Costa, J, Morrison, S, Moschos, M, Mouodi, S, Mousavi, S, Muchie, K, Mueller, U, Mukhopadhyay, S, Muller, K, Mumford, J, Musa, J, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Nachega, J, Nagel, G, Naheed, A, Nahvijou, A, Naik, G, Nair, S, Najafi, F, Naldi, L, Nam, H, Nangia, V, Nansseu, J, Nascimento, B, Natarajan, G, Neamati, N, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Neupane, S, Newton, C, Ngalesoni, F, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, A, Nguyen, G, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, L, Nguyen, M, Nguyen, T, Nichols, E, Ningrum, D, Nirayo, Y, Nixon, M, Nolutshungu, N, Nomura, S, Norheim, O, Noroozi, M, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nouri, H, Shiadeh, M, Nowroozi, M, Nyasulu, P, Odell, C, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olivares, P, Olsen, H, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Ong, K, Ong, S, Oren, E, Orpana, H, Ortiz, A, Ortiz, J, Otstavnov, S, Overland, S, Owolabi, M, Ozdemir, R, Mahesh, P, Pacella, R, Pakhale, S, Pakhare, A, Pakpour, A, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandian, J, Parisi, A, Park, E, Parry, C, Parsian, H, Patel, S, Pati, S, Patton, G, Paturi, V, Paulson, K, Pereira, A, Pereira, D, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Petzold, M, Phillips, M, Piel, F, Pigott, D, Pillay, J, Pirsaheb, M, Pishgar, F, Polinder, S, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Pujar, A, Prakash, S, Prasad, N, Purcell, C, Qorbani, M, Quintana, H, Quistberg, D, Rade, K, Anwar Rafay, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahman, M, Rai, R, Rajsic, S, Ram, U, Ranabhat, C, Ranjan, P, Rao, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Razo-Garcia, C, Reddy, K, Reiner, R, Reitsma, M, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, S, Rezai, M, Riahi, S, Ribeiro, A, Rios-Blancas, M, Roba, K, Roberts, N, Robinson, S, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, A, Rubagotti, E, Sachdev, P, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Safari, H, Safdarian, M, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Salam, N, Salama, J, Salamati, P, De Freitas Saldanha, R, Saleem, Z, Salimi, Y, Salvi, S, Salz, I, Sambala, E, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Dolores Sanchez-Nino, M, Santomauro, D, Santos, I, Santos, J, Santric Milicevic, M, Jose, B, Sarker, A, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sartorius, B, Sarvi, S, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Sawant, A, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Sayyah, M, Schaeffner, E, Schmidt, M, Schneider, I, Schottker, B, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Scott, J, Sekerija, M, Sepanlou, S, Servan-Mori, E, Seyedmousavi, S, Shabaninejad, H, Shackelford, K, Shafieesabet, A, Shahbazi, M, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsi, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharafi, K, Sharif, M, Sharif-Alhoseini, M, Sharma, R, She, J, Sheikh, A, Shi, P, Shiferaw, M, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shiue, I, Shokraneh, F, Shrime, M, Si, S, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, T, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silberberg, D, Santos Silva, D, Silva, J, Da Silva, N, Silveira, D, Singh, J, Singh, N, Singh, P, Singh, V, Sinha, D, Sliwa, K, Smith, M, Sobaih, B, Sobhani, S, Sobngwi, E, Soneji, S, Soofi, M, Sorensen, R, Soriano, J, Soyiri, I, Sposato, L, Sreeramareddy, C, Srinivasan, V, Stanaway, J, Starodubov, V, Stathopoulou, V, Stein, D, Steiner, C, Stewart, L, Stokes, M, Subart, M, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, M, Sur, P, Sutradhar, I, Sykes, B, Sylaja, P, Sylte, D, Szoeke, C, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, S, Takahashi, K, Tandon, N, Tassew, S, Taveira, N, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekalign, T, Tekle, M, Temsah, M, Temsah, O, Terkawi, A, Teshale, M, Tessema, B, Tessema, G, Thankappan, K, Thirunavukkarasu, S, Thomas, N, Thrift, A, Thurston, G, Tilahun, B, To, Q, Tobe-Gai, R, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Torre, A, Tortajada-Girbes, M, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Tran, K, Tripathi, S, Troeger, C, Truelsen, T, Truong, N, Tsadik, A, Tsoi, D, Tudor Car, L, Murat Tuzcu, E, Tyrovolas, S, Ukwaja, K, Ullah, I, Undurraga, E, Updike, R, Usman, M, Uthman, O, Uzun, S, Vaduganathan, M, Vaezi, A, Vaidya, G, Valdez, P, Varavikova, E, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Villafaina, S, Violante, F, Vladimirov, S, Vlassov, V, Vollset, S, Vos, T, Wagner, G, Wagnew, F, Waheed, Y, Wallin, M, Walson, J, Wang, Y, Wassie, M, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, R, Weldegebreal, F, Weldegwergs, K, Werdecker, A, Werkneh, A, West, T, Westerman, R, Whiteford, H, Widecka, J, Wilner, L, Wilson, S, Winkler, A, Wiysonge, C, Wolfe, C, Wu, S, Wu, Y, Wyper, G, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yadgir, S, Yadollahpour, A, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yakob, B, Yan, L, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yasin, Y, Yentur, G, Yeshaneh, A, Yimer, E, Yip, P, Yirsaw, B, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yonga, G, Yoon, S, Yotebieng, M, Younis, M, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Zadnik, V, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zare, Z, Zeleke, A, Zenebe, Z, Zhang, A, Zhang, K, Zhou, M, Zodpey, S, Zuhlke, L, Naghavi, M, Murray, C, Roth G. A., Abate D., Abate K. H., Abay S. M., Abbafati C., Abbasi N., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdela J., Abdelalim A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulkader R. S., Abebe H. T., Abebe M., Abebe Z., Abejie A. N., Abera S. F., Abil O. Z., Abraha H. N., Abrham A. R., Abu-Raddad L. J., Accrombessi M. M. K., Acharya D., Adamu A. A., Adebayo O. M., Adedoyin R. A., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O. O., Adhena B. M., Adib M. G., Admasie A., Afshin A., Agarwal G., Agesa K. M., Agrawal A., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi M., Ahmed M. B., Ahmed S., Aichour A. N., Aichour I., Aichour M. T. E., Akbari M. E., Akinyemi R. O., Akseer N., Al-Aly Z., Al-Eyadhy A., Al-Raddadi R. M., Alahdab F., Alam K., Alam T., Alebel A., Alene K. A., Alijanzadeh M., Alizadeh-Navaei R., Aljunid S. M., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Allebeck P., Alonso J., Altirkawi K., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A. T., Aminde L. N., Amini E., Ammar W., Amoako Y. A., Anber N. H., Andrei C. L., Androudi S., Animut M. D., Anjomshoa M., Ansari H., Ansha M. G., Antonio C. 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Abstract: GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1736–88—The bottom row in figure 7 was cut off. This correction has been made to the online version as of Nov 9, 2018, and has been made to the printed Article.
Published: 2018

156. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

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C., Wilner L. B., Wilson S., Winkler A. S., Wiyeh A. B., Wiysonge C. S., Wolfe C. D. A., Woolf A. D., Wyper G. M. A., Xavier D., Xu G., Yadgir S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yamada T., Yan L. L., Yano Y., Yaseri M., Yasin Y. J., Yeshaneh A., Yimer E. M., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Yotebieng M., Younis M. Z., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zadnik V., Zaidi Z., Zaman S. B., Zamani M., Zandian H., Zar H. J., Zenebe Z. M., Zipkin B., Zhou M., Zodpey S., Zucker I., Zuhlke L. J., and Murray C. J. L.
Abstract: Background: How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted lifeyears (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severityof ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years. Methods We used data for age-speci?c mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Sociodemographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males. Findings Globally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7·4 years (95% uncertainty interval 7·1-7·8), from 65·6 years (65·3-65·8) in 1990 to 73·0 years (72·7-73·3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5·1 years (5·0-5·3) in high SDI countries to 12·0 years (11·3-12·8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26·3% (20·1-33·1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11·7% (8·8-15·1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased
Published: 2018

157. Improved anatomical reproducibility in quantitative lower-limb muscle MRI

Author: Mary M. Reilly, Michael G. Hanna, John S. Thornton, Arne Fischmann, Christopher D. J. Sinclair, Jasper M. Morrow, and Tarek A. Yousry
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Reproducibility, Intraclass correlation, business.industry, Healthy subjects, Repeatability, Knee Joint, Thigh, Surgery, Lower limb muscle, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, business, Nuclear medicine, Surface anatomy
Abstract: Purpose To compare the influence of two limb positions and slice prescription using scout-image–based and surface-anatomy–based methods on the reproducibility of quantitative MRI of lower-limb muscles. Materials and Methods Ten healthy subjects were scanned at 3 Tesla with a two-dimensional turbo spin-echo T1-weighted acquisition. Imaging was performed at thigh and calf level in two subject limb positions and independently repeated by a second operator. Regions-of-interest (ROI) were drawn on three muscles at thigh and calf levels on axial slices at fixed distance from the knee joint and at a level determined by surface anatomy. Results Test–retest reliability of muscle cross-sectional area and ROI area overlap were similar for both limb positioning methods. Changing limb position between scans reduced ROI overlap (P
Published: 2013
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158. Muscle MRI reveals distinct abnormalities in genetically proven non-dystrophic myotonias

Author: Michael G. Hanna, Dipa L. Raja Rayan, Tarek A. Yousry, Arne Fischmann, Emma Matthews, John S. Thornton, Jasper M. Morrow, Christopher D. J. Sinclair, and Mary M. Reilly
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Paramyotonia congenita, Myotonic Disorder, Clinical Neurology, Thigh, Article, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, 0302 clinical medicine, Chloride Channels, medicine, Humans, Genetics(clinical), Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, NAV1.4 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel, Muscle, Skeletal, Myotonia congenita, Genetics (clinical), Aged, Non-dystrophic myotonia, CLCN1, biology, business.industry, Anatomy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Myotonia, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Hyperintensity, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Mutation, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Linear Models, biology.protein, Biomarker (medicine), Female, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Myotonic Disorders, MRI
Abstract: We assessed the presence, frequency and pattern of MRI abnormalities in non-dystrophic myotonia patients. We reviewed T1-weighted and STIR (short-tau-inversion-recovery) 3T MRI sequences of lower limb muscles at thigh and calf level in 21 patients with genetically confirmed non-dystrophic myotonia: 11 with CLCN1 mutations and 10 with SCN4A mutations, and 19 healthy volunteers. The MRI examinations of all patients showed hyperintensity within muscles on either T1-weighted or STIR images. Mild extensive or marked T1-weighted changes were noted in 10/21 patients and no volunteers. Muscles in the thigh were equally likely to be affected but in the calf there was sparing of tibialis posterior. Oedema was common in calf musculature especially in the medial gastrocnemius with STIR hyperintensity observed in 18/21 patients. In 10/11 CLCN1 patients this included a previously unreported “central stripe”, also present in 3/10 SCN4A patients but no volunteers. Degree of fatty infiltration correlated with age (rho=0.46, p
Published: 2013
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159. Motion Sensitive Descending Interneurons, Ocellar LD Neurons and Neck Motoneurons in the Bee: A Neural Substrate for Visual Course Control in Apis mellifera

Author: Goodman, Lesley J., Fletcher, William A., Guy, Richard G., Mobbs, Peter G., Pomfrett, Christopher D. J., Menzel, Randolf, editor, and Mercer, Alison, editor
Published: 1987
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160. Does schema therapy change schemas and symptoms? A systematic review across mental health disorders

Author: Taylor, Christopher D. J., Bee, Penny, and Haddock, Gillian
Subjects: 050103 clinical psychology, Psychotherapist, medicine.medical_treatment, education, review, PsycINFO, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Schema (psychology), health services administration, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, natural sciences, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Borderline personality disorder, Review Papers, schema therapy, Schema therapy, Review Paper, Mental Disorders, 05 social sciences, schema modes, early maladaptive schemas, equipment and supplies, medicine.disease, Mental health, Personality disorders, 030227 psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Eating disorders, Anxiety, symptoms, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Purpose Schema therapy was first applied to individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) over 20 years ago, and more recent work has suggested efficacy across a range of disorders. The present review aimed to systematically synthesize evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of schema therapy in reducing early maladaptive schema (EMS) and improving symptoms as applied to a range of mental health disorders in adults including BPD, other personality disorders, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Methods Studies were identified through electronic searches (EMBASE, PsycINFO, MEDLINE from 1990 to January 2016). Results The search produced 835 titles, of which 12 studies were found to meet inclusion criteria. A significant number of studies of schema therapy treatment were excluded as they failed to include a measure of schema change. The Clinical Trial Assessment Measure was used to rate the methodological quality of studies. Schema change and disorder-specific symptom change was found in 11 of the 12 studies. Conclusions Schema therapy has demonstrated initial significant results in terms of reducing EMS and improving symptoms for personality disorders, but formal mediation analytical studies are lacking and rigorous evidence for other mental health disorders is currently sparse. Practitioner points First review to investigate whether schema therapy leads to reduced maladaptive schemas and symptoms across mental health disorders. Limited evidence for schema change with schema therapy in borderline personality disorder (BPD), with only three studies conducting correlational analyses. Evidence for schema and symptom change in other mental health disorders is sparse, and so use of schema therapy for disorders other than BPD should be based on service user/patient preference and clinical expertise and/or that the theoretical underpinnings of schema therapy justify the use of it therapeutically. Further work is needed to develop the evidence base for schema therapy for other disorders.
Published: 2016
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161. In-situ TEM growth of single-layer boron nitride dome-shaped nanostructures catalysed by iron clusters

Author: Julien Jouhannaud, Andrew Davies, Geneviève Pourroy, F. Ben Romdhane, Elena Besley, A. La Torre, E. H. Åhlgren, Florian Banhart, Paul D. Brown, Stephen T. Skowron, Christopher D. J. Parmenter, Michael W. Fay, and Andrei N. Khlobystov
Subjects: In situ, Nanostructure, Materials science, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Nitride, Nitrogen, Dome (geology), chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Boron nitride, Boron, Single layer
Published: 2016
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162. TechCare: mobile assessment and therapy for psychosis - an intervention for clients in the Early Intervention Service: A feasibility study protocol

Author: Saeed Farooq, David Kingdon, Richard Emsley, Farooq Naeem, James Kelly, Joy Duxbury, Miv Riley, Imran B Chaudhry, Nusrat Husain, Michael Mckeown, Nadeem Gire, Peter J. Taylor, Neil Caton, and Christopher D. J. Taylor
Subjects: Service (systems architecture), medicine.medical_specialty, Early Intervention in Psychosis, mHealth, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, intelligent Real-Time Therapy, iRTT, Psychological intervention, B760, BF, Study Protocol, 03 medical and health sciences, Early intervention in psychosis, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Intervention (counseling), Health care, Medicine, Psychiatry, mHealth, lcsh:R5-920, business.industry, cognitive behavioural therapy, General Medicine, Mental health, 030227 psychiatry, Mobile phone, intelligent real-time therapy, lcsh:Medicine (General), business, RA, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objectives: Technological advances in healthcare have shown promise when delivering interventions for mental health problems such as psychosis. The aim of this project is to develop a mobile phone intervention for people with psychosis and to conduct a feasibility study of the TechCare App. Methods: The TechCare App will assess participant’s symptoms and respond with a personalised guided self-help-based psychological intervention with the aim of exploring feasibility and acceptability. The project will recruit 16 service users and 8–10 health professionals from the Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust Early Intervention Service. Results: In strand 1 of the study, we will invite people to discuss their experience of psychosis and give their opinions on the existing evidence-based treatment (cognitive behavioural therapy) and how the mobile app can be developed. In strand 2, we will complete a test run with a small number of participants (n = 4) to refine the mobile intervention (TechCare). Finally, in strand 3 of the study, the TechCare App will be examined in a feasibility study with 12 participants. Conclusion: It has been suggested that there is a need for a rapid increase in the efforts to develop the evidence base for the clinical effectiveness of digital technologies, considering mHealth research can potentially be helpful in addressing the demand on mental health services globally.
Published: 2016
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163. Upper Limb Evaluation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Fat-Water Quantification by MRI, Muscle Force and Function Define Endpoints for Clinical Trials

Author: Valeria Ricotti, Matthew R B Evans, Christopher D J Sinclair, Jordan W Butler, Deborah A Ridout, Jean-Yves Hogrel, Ahmed Emira, Jasper M Morrow, Mary M Reilly, Michael G Hanna, Robert L Janiczek, Paul M Matthews, Tarek A Yousry, Francesco Muntoni, and John S Thornton
Subjects: General Science & Technology, lcsh:R, MD Multidisciplinary, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: A number of promising experimental therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are emerging. Clinical trials currently rely on invasive biopsies or motivation-dependent functional tests to assess outcome. Quantitative muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could offer a valuable alternative and permit inclusion of non-ambulant DMD subjects. The aims of our study were to explore the responsiveness of upper-limb MRI muscle-fat measurement as a non-invasive objective endpoint for clinical trials in non-ambulant DMD, and to investigate the relationship of these MRI measures to those of muscle force and function. METHODS: 15 non-ambulant DMD boys (mean age 13.3 y) and 10 age-gender matched healthy controls (mean age 14.6 y) were recruited. 3-Tesla MRI fat-water quantification was used to measure forearm muscle fat transformation in non-ambulant DMD boys compared with healthy controls. DMD boys were assessed at 4 time-points over 12 months, using 3-point Dixon MRI to measure muscle fat-fraction (f.f.). Images from ten forearm muscles were segmented and mean f.f. and cross-sectional area recorded. DMD subjects also underwent comprehensive upper limb function and force evaluation. RESULTS: Overall mean baseline forearm f.f. was higher in DMD than in healthy controls (p
Published: 2016

164. Neurocognitive deficits in decision-making and planning of patients with DSM-III-R borderline personality disorder

Author: Clive Meux, Trevor W. Robbins, Robert D. Rogers, Barbara J. Sahakian, D. Nevinson-Andrews, Jonathan H. Dowson, Christopher D. J. Taylor, Christopher J. Staley, E. Bazanis, and Pamela J. Taylor
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Substance-Related Disorders, Decision Making, Neuropsychological Tests, behavioral disciplines and activities, Developmental psychology, Visual memory, Borderline Personality Disorder, Memory, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Borderline personality disorder, Applied Psychology, Recognition memory, Working memory, Neuropsychology, Cognition, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Frontal Lobe, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Psychiatry and Mental health, Frontal lobe, Female, Cognition Disorders, Psychology, Self-Injurious Behavior, Neurocognitive, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Background. Repeated, self-damaging behaviour occurring in the context of borderline personality disorder (BPD) may reflect impairments in decision-making and planning cognition. However, there has been no systematic neuropsychological examination of these particular cognitive functions in patients diagnosed with BPD. Such investigations may improve our understanding of the possible role of brain dysfunction in BPD and improve the characterization of the psychological difficulties associated with this disorder.Method. Forty-two psychiatric patients with a diagnosis of DSM-III-R BPD (41 of whom gave a history of self-harm), without a history of specified ‘psychoses’ or current major affective disorder, were clinically assessed before completing computerized tasks of decision-making and planning previously shown to be sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction, and tests of spatial and pattern visual recognition memory previously shown to be sensitive to frontal lobe damage and temporal lobe damage respectively. The performance of the BPD patient group was compared with that of a non-clinical control group consisting of 42 subjects.Results. The performance of the BPD patients on the decision-making task was characterized by a pattern of delayed and maladaptive choices when choosing between competing actions, and by impulsive, disinhibited responding when gambling on the outcome of their decisions. BPD patients also showed impairments on the planning task. There was no evidence of impaired visual recognition memory. Additional analyses suggested only limited effects of current medication and history of previous substance use disorder.Conclusions. These findings suggest that BPD is associated with complex impairments in dissociable cognitive processes mediated by circuitry encompassing the frontal lobes. These impairments may mediate some of the behavioural changes evident in BPD. Further work is needed to examine the specificity of these findings.
Published: 2016

165. Stability and sensitivity of water T

Author: Christopher D J, Sinclair, Jasper M, Morrow, Robert L, Janiczek, Matthew R B, Evans, Elham, Rawah, Sachit, Shah, Michael G, Hanna, Mary M, Reilly, Tarek A, Yousry, and John S, Thornton
Subjects: Adult, Male, Water fat imaging, Sensitivity and Specificity, Magnetic resonance imaging, Body Water, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Research Articles, Muscle Weakness, Reproducibility of Results, HypoPP, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, IDEAL‐CPMG, Middle Aged, Image Enhancement, Neuromuscular diseases, Adipose Tissue, Musculoskeletal, Feasibility Studies, Muscle, Female, Relaxometry, Algorithms, Research Article
Abstract: Quantifying muscle water T 2 (T 2‐water) independently of intramuscular fat content is essential in establishing T 2‐water as an outcome measure for imminent new therapy trials in neuromuscular diseases. IDEAL‐CPMG combines chemical shift fat–water separation with T 2 relaxometry to obtain such a measure. Here we evaluate the reproducibility and B 1 sensitivity of IDEAL‐CPMG T 2‐water and fat fraction (f.f.) values in healthy subjects, and demonstrate the potential of the method to quantify T 2‐water variation in diseased muscle displaying varying degrees of fatty infiltration. The calf muscles of 11 healthy individuals (40.5 ± 10.2 years) were scanned twice at 3 T with an inter‐scan interval of 4 weeks using IDEAL‐CPMG, and 12 patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) (42.3 ± 11.5 years) were also imaged. An exponential was fitted to the signal decay of the separated water and fat components to determine T 2‐water and the fat signal amplitude muscle regions manually segmented. Overall mean calf‐level muscle T 2‐water in healthy subjects was 31.2 ± 2.0 ms, without significant inter‐muscle differences (p = 0.37). Inter‐subject and inter‐scan coefficients of variation were 5.7% and 3.2% respectively for T 2‐water and 41.1% and 15.4% for f.f. Bland–Altman mean bias and ±95% coefficients of repeatability were for T 2‐water (0.15, −2.65, 2.95) ms and f.f. (−0.02, −1.99, 2.03)%. There was no relationship between T 2‐water (ρ = 0.16, p = 0.07) or f.f. (ρ = 0.03, p = 0.7761) and B 1 error or any correlation between T 2‐water and f.f. in the healthy subjects (ρ = 0.07, p = 0.40). In HypoPP there was a measurable relationship between T 2‐water and f.f. (ρ = 0.59, p
Published: 2016

166. Off-label use of medicines in paediatric inpatients at an Australian teaching hospital

Author: Christopher D J Ballard, Sean Beggs, Angus Thompson, and Gregory M. Peterson
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Medical record, Retrospective cohort study, Guideline, Off-label use, Approved drug, Informed consent, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Emergency medicine, medicine, Medical prescription, business, Oxycodone, medicine.drug
Abstract: Aim: The study aims to investigate the prevalence of off-label prescribing in the general paediatric ward at a major teaching hospital in Tasmania, Australia. Method: The drug charts and medical records from two groups of 150 consecutive paediatric patients, admitted 6 months apart in July 2009 and January 2010, were studied retrospectively. Patients were required to spend at least one night in hospital and be aged less than 12 years. Each prescribed drug was compared with the approved product information to determine if the usage was off-label. Data concerning documented informed consent and adverse drug reactions were also recorded. Results: Three hundred patients were prescribed a total of 887 medicines. Of these, 31.8% were off-label and 57.3% of children received an off-label medication. There was no significant seasonal variation in patient characteristics or prescriptions. Drugs were most commonly off-label due to their dosage or frequency of administration. Of the 106 different drugs used, the use of 51 was off-label on at least one occasion, and for 30 drugs their use was off-label on more than 75% of occasions. The drugs most commonly used off-label were oxycodone, salbutamol and paracetamol. No informed consent documentationwas identified, and two of five recorded adverse drug reactionswere associated with off-label drug use. Conclusion: Off-label use of medicines occurred frequently in paediatric inpatients. The available evidence often supported off-label medication use. An improved system for the revision of approved drug information and an Australian guideline for paediatric prescribing are needed.
Published: 2012
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167. Simultaneous T 2 and lipid quantitation using IDEAL-CPMG

Author: Giulio Gambarota, Xavier Golay, John S. Thornton, Christopher D. J. Sinclair, Tarek A. Yousry, Robert L. Janiczek, and Rexford D. Newbould
Subjects: Chemistry, Echo time, Fat infiltration, Muscle damage, medicine.disease, Fat saturation, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Edema, Healthy volunteers, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, medicine.symptom, Inclusion body myositis, Fat fraction
Abstract: Muscle damage, edema, and fat infiltration are hallmarks of a range of neuromuscular diseases. The T-2 of water, T-2,T-w, in muscle lengthens with both myocellular damage and inflammation and is typically measured using multiple spin-echo or Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill acquisitions. However, microscopic fat infiltration in neuromuscular diseases prevents accurate T-2,T-w quantitation as the longer T-2 of fat, T-2,T-f, masks underlying changes in the water component. Fat saturation can be inconsistent across the imaging volume and removes valuable physiological fat information. A new method is presented that combines iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation with a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill-sequence. The sequence results in water and fat separated images at each echo time for use in T-2,T-w and T-2, f quantification. With knowledge of the T-2,T-w and T-2,T-f, a T-2-corrected fat fraction map can also be calculated. Monte-Carlo simulations and measurements in phantoms, volunteers, and a patient with inclusion body myositis are demonstrated. In healthy volunteers, uniform T-2,T-w and T-2-corrected fat fraction maps are present within all muscle groups. However, muscle-specific patterns of fat infiltration and edema are evident in inclusion body myositis, which demonstrates the power of separating and quantifying the fat and water components. Magn Reson Med 66: 1293-1302, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published: 2011
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168. Quantitative magnetization transfer in in vivo healthy human skeletal muscle at 3 T

Author: John S. Thornton, Christopher D. J. Sinclair, Antoine Lutti, Nikolaus Weiskopf, Rebecca S. Samson, David L. Thomas, and Xavier Golay
Subjects: Adult, Male, muscle, magnetization transfer, quantitative MRI, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, 0302 clinical medicine, Nuclear magnetic resonance, In vivo, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Magnetization transfer, Muscle, Skeletal, Soleus muscle, Leg, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chemistry, Imaging Methodology-Full Papers, Multiple sclerosis, cross-relaxation, Relaxation (NMR), Skeletal muscle, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The value of quantitative MR methods as potential biomarkers in neuromuscular disease is being increasingly recognized. Previous studies of the magnetization transfer ratio have demonstrated sensitivity to muscle disease. The aim of this work was to investigate quantitative magnetization transfer imaging of skeletal muscle in healthy subjects at 3 T to evaluate its potential use in pathological muscle. The lower limb of 10 subjects was imaged using a 3D fast low-angle shot acquisition with variable magnetization transfer saturation pulse frequencies and amplitudes. The data were analyzed with an established quantitative two-pool model of magnetization transfer. T1 and B1 amplitude of excitation radiofrequency field maps were acquired and used as inputs to the quantitative magnetization transfer model, allowing properties of the free and restricted proton pools in muscle to be evaluated in seven different muscles in a region of interest analysis. The average restricted pool T2 relaxation time was found to be 5.9 ± 0.2μs in the soleus muscle and the restricted proton pool fraction was 8 ± 1%. Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging of muscle offers potential new biomarkers in muscle disease within a clinically feasible scan time. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Published: 2010
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169. Author Correction: Additive manufacture of complex 3D Au-containing nanocomposites by simultaneous two-photon polymerisation and photoreduction

Author: Hu, Qin, primary, Sun, Xue-Zhong, additional, Parmenter, Christopher D. J., additional, Fay, Michael W., additional, Smith, Emily F., additional, Rance, Graham A., additional, He, Yinfeng, additional, Zhang, Fan, additional, Liu, Yaan, additional, Irvine, Derek, additional, Tuck, Christopher, additional, Hague, Richard, additional, and Wildman, Ricky, additional
Published: 2018
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170. Semi-Automated Analysis of Diaphragmatic Motion with Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Healthy Controls and Non-Ambulant Subjects with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Author: Bishop, Courtney A., primary, Ricotti, Valeria, additional, Sinclair, Christopher D. J., additional, Evans, Matthew R. B., additional, Butler, Jordan W., additional, Morrow, Jasper M., additional, Hanna, Michael G., additional, Matthews, Paul M., additional, Yousry, Tarek A., additional, Muntoni, Francesco, additional, Thornton, John S., additional, Newbould, Rexford D., additional, and Janiczek, Robert L., additional
Published: 2018
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171. Cryo-electron microscopy of coagulation Factor VIII bound to lipid nanotubes

Author: Svetla Stoilova-McPhie, Christopher D. J. Parmenter, Rui Zhang, and Matthew C. Cane
Subjects: Models, Molecular, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Protein Conformation, Cryo-electron microscopy, animal diseases, Lipid Bilayers, Biophysics, Biochemistry, law.invention, Protein structure, law, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Microscopy, Computer Simulation, Lipid bilayer, Molecular Biology, Binding Sites, Factor VIII, Nanotubes, Chemistry, Bilayer, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Cell Biology, Crystallography, Membrane, Models, Chemical, Coagulation, Electron microscope, Protein Binding
Abstract: Factor VIII (FVIII) is a key protein in blood coagulation, deficiency or malfunction of which causes Haemophilia A. The sole cure for this condition is intravenous administration of FVIII, whose membrane-bound structure we have studied by Cryo-electron microscopy and image analysis. Self-assembled lipid nanotubes were optimised to bind FVIII at close to native conditions. The tubes diameter was constant at 30 nm and the lipid bilayer resolved. The FVIII molecules were well defined, forming an 8.5 nm thick outer layer, and appeared to reach the hydrophobic core of the bilayer. The two known FVIII atomic models were superimposed with the averaged 2D protein densities. The insertion of the FVIII within the membrane was evaluated, reaffirming that the membrane-binding C2 or C1-C2 domain(s) fully penetrate the outer leaflet of the lipid layer. The presented results lay the basis for new models of the FVIII overall orientation and membrane-binding mechanism.
Published: 2008
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172. Defining the structure of membrane‐bound human blood coagulation factor Va

Author: Bruno O. Villoutreix, Kenneth Segers, Svetla Stoilova-McPhie, Gerry A. F. Nicolaes, and Christopher D. J. Parmenter
Subjects: Molecular model, Protein Conformation, Chemistry, Membrane Proteins, Phosphatidylserines, Hematology, Phosphatidylserine, Lipids, Cell biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Membrane, Protein structure, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Membrane protein, Factor Va, Prothrombinase, Atomic model, Biophysics, Humans, Lipid bilayer
Abstract: Summary. Background: Blood coagulation factor (F) Va is the essential protein cofactor to the serine protease FXa. Factor Va stimulates the thrombin-to-prothrombin conversion by the prothrombinase complex, by at least five orders of magnitude. Factor Va binds with very high affinity to phosphatidylserine containing phospholipid membranes, which allows the visualization of its membrane-bound state by transmission electron microscopy (EM). Methods: In this paper we present an averaged three-dimensional structure of FVa molecules attached to phosphatidylserine containing lipid tubes, as determined by EM and single particle analysis. The low-resolution FVa three-dimensional structure is compared with the available atomic models for FVa. Results: The experimental data are combined with the most suitable atomic model and a membrane-bound FVaEM model is proposed that best fits the protein density defined by EM. In the FVaEM model, the C1 and C2 membrane-binding domains are juxtaposed onto the membrane surface and the model geometries indicate a deeper insertion of both C domains into the lipid bilayer than has been previously suggested. Conclusion: The present structure is a first step towards a higher-resolution experimental structure of a human FVa molecule in its membrane-bound conformation, allowing the visualization of individual domains within FVa and its association with the membrane.
Published: 2008
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173. TechCare: Mobile-assessment and therapy for psychosis: An intervention for clients within the early intervention service

Author: Farooq Naeem, Neil Caton, Nadeem Gire, Richard Emsley, Joy Duxbury, Nusrat Husain, James Kelly, Mick McKeown, Peter J. Taylor, Christopher D. J. Taylor, Miv Riley, Imran B Chaudhry, and David Kingdon
Subjects: Psychological intervention, Qualitative property, Mental illness, medicine.disease, Mental health, Focus group, 030227 psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Psychology, mHealth, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Disease burden, health care economics and organizations
Abstract: IntroductionIn the UK, mental illness is a major source of disease burden costing in the region of £105 billion pounds. mHealth is a novel and emerging field in psychiatric and psychological care for the treatment of mental health difficulties such as psychosis.ObjectiveTo develop an intelligent real-time therapy (iRTT) mobile intervention (TechCare) which assesses participant's symptoms in real-time and responds with a personalised self-help based psychological intervention, with the aim of reducing participant's symptoms. The system will utilise intelligence at two levels:– intelligently increasing the frequency of assessment notifications if low mood/paranoia is detected;– an intelligent machine learning algorithm which provides interventions in real-time and also provides recommendations on the most popular selected interventions.AimThe aim of the current project is to develop a mobile phone intervention for people with psychosis, and to conduct a feasibility study of the TechCare App.MethodsThe study consists of both qualitative and quantitative components. The study will be run across three strands:– qualitative work;– test run and intervention refinement;– feasibility trial.ResultsPreliminary analysis of qualitative data from Strand 2 (test run and intervention refinement) in-depth interviews with service users (n = 2) and focus group with health professionals (n = 1), highlighted main themes around security of the device, multimedia and the acceptability of psychological interventions being delivered via the TechCare App.ConclusionsResearch in this area can be potentially helpful in addressing the demand on mental health services globally, particularly improving access to psychological interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Published: 2016

174. Toward mid-infrared, subdiffraction, spectral-mapping of human cells and tissue: SNIM (scanning near-field infrared microscopy) tip fabrication

Author: M. F. Churbanov, Nigel C. Neate, Vladimir Shiryaev, Christopher D. J. Parmenter, Giorgos S. Athanasiou, John Middleton, Angela B. Seddon, Michael W. Fay, J.S. Chauhan, Trevor M. Benson, David Furniss, and Johanna Ernst
Subjects: Materials science, Optical fiber, Aperture, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Near and far field, Tapering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Focused ion beam, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Synchrotron, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, 0210 nano-technology, Infrared microscopy, business, Beam (structure), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Scanning near-field infrared microscopy (SNIM) potentially enables subdiffraction, broadband mid-infrared (MIR:3–25-μm wavelength range) spectral-mapping of human cells and tissue for real-time molecular sensing, with prospective use in disease diagnosis. SNIM requires an MIR-transmitting tip of small aperture for photon collection. Here, chalcogenide-glass optical fibers are reproducibly tapered at one end to form a MIR transmitting tip for SNIM. A wet-etching method is used to form the tip. The tapering sides of the tip are Al-coated. These Al-coated tapered-tips exhibit near-field power-confinement when acting either as the launch-end or exit-end of the MIR optical fiber. We report first time optimal cleaving of the end of the tapered tip using focused ion beam milling. A flat aperture is produced at the end of the tip, which is orthogonal to the fiber-axis and of controlled diameter. A FIB-cleaved aperture is used to collect MIR spectra of cells mounted on a transflection plate, under illumination of a synchrotron- generated wideband MIR beam.
Published: 2016

175. Upper Limb Evaluation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Fat-Water Quantification by MRI, Muscle Force and Function Define Endpoints for Clinical Trials

Author: Valeria, Ricotti, Matthew R B, Evans, Christopher D J, Sinclair, Jordan W, Butler, Deborah A, Ridout, Jean-Yves, Hogrel, Ahmed, Emira, Jasper M, Morrow, Mary M, Reilly, Michael G, Hanna, Robert L, Janiczek, Paul M, Matthews, Tarek A, Yousry, Francesco, Muntoni, and John S, Thornton
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, Heredity, Muscle Physiology, Adolescent, Muscle Functions, Imaging Techniques, Genetic Linkage, Physiology, Neuroimaging, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Research and Analysis Methods, Biochemistry, Muscular Dystrophies, Diagnostic Radiology, Fats, Upper Extremity, Diagnostic Medicine, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Medicine and Health Sciences, Genetics, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Muscle Strength, Child, Muscle, Skeletal, Musculoskeletal System, Clinical Genetics, Forearms, Brain Mapping, Radiology and Imaging, Limbs (Anatomy), Water, Biology and Life Sciences, Muscle Analysis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Lipids, Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne, Forearm, Arms, Bioassays and Physiological Analysis, Neurology, Shoulders, X-Linked Traits, Sex Linkage, Anatomy, Research Article, Neuroscience
Abstract: Objective A number of promising experimental therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are emerging. Clinical trials currently rely on invasive biopsies or motivation-dependent functional tests to assess outcome. Quantitative muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could offer a valuable alternative and permit inclusion of non-ambulant DMD subjects. The aims of our study were to explore the responsiveness of upper-limb MRI muscle-fat measurement as a non-invasive objective endpoint for clinical trials in non-ambulant DMD, and to investigate the relationship of these MRI measures to those of muscle force and function. Methods 15 non-ambulant DMD boys (mean age 13.3 y) and 10 age-gender matched healthy controls (mean age 14.6 y) were recruited. 3-Tesla MRI fat-water quantification was used to measure forearm muscle fat transformation in non-ambulant DMD boys compared with healthy controls. DMD boys were assessed at 4 time-points over 12 months, using 3-point Dixon MRI to measure muscle fat-fraction (f.f.). Images from ten forearm muscles were segmented and mean f.f. and cross-sectional area recorded. DMD subjects also underwent comprehensive upper limb function and force evaluation. Results Overall mean baseline forearm f.f. was higher in DMD than in healthy controls (p
Published: 2016

176. A comprehensive comparison of dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes for solar energy conversion

Author: Summers, Gareth H., Clark, Charlotte A., Kaeffer, Nicolas, Braeutigam, Maximilian, Carbone, Lea Roberta, D'Amario, Luca, Fan, Ke, Stevens, Lee A., Parmenter, Christopher D. J., Fay, Michael W., La Torre, Alessandro, Snape, Colin E., Dietzek, Benjamin, Dini, Danilo, Pellegrin, Yann, Odobel, Fabrice, Sun, Licheng, Artero, Vincent, Gibson, Elizabeth A., and Wood, Christopher J.
Published: 2016

177. Delivery of cognitive-behaviour therapy for psychosis: a service user preference trial

Author: Haddock, Gillian, primary, Berry, Katherine, additional, Davies, Gabriel, additional, Dunn, Graham, additional, Harris, Kamelia, additional, Hartley, Samantha, additional, Holland, Fiona, additional, Kelly, James, additional, Law, Heather, additional, Morrison, Anthony P., additional, Mulligan, John, additional, Neil, Sandra T., additional, Pitt, Liz, additional, Rivers, Zoe, additional, Taylor, Christopher D. J., additional, Wass, Rachel, additional, Welford, Mary, additional, Woodward, Sarah, additional, and Barrowclough, Christine, additional
Published: 2017
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178. The Effects of Tooth Preparation on Pressure Measured in the Pulp Chamber: A Laboratory Study.

Author: Evans, Christopher D. J. and Wilson, Peter R.
Subjects: DENTAL pulp, DENTIN, DENTAL research, DENTAL materials, DENTAL equipment, DENTAL technology
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine pressure changes in the pulp space during tooth preparation with either diamond or tungsten carbide burs in a high-speed dental handpiece in the laboratory. Materials and Methods: Twenty premolar teeth were collected and randomly assigned to two groups: group 1 received preparation with diamond buys and group 2 with tungsten carbide burs. The teeth were mounted on a pressure transducer and the pulp chambers were filled with saline. A 0.1-mm thickness of tooth tissue was removed from the proximal surface of each tooth, alternating dry and wet cutting, until the pulp chamber was exposed. Pressure and temperature changes were recorded during tooth preparation. Results: At 0 to 1 mm of remaining dentin depth dry cutting with diamond and tungsten carbide burs generated a mean positive pulpal pressure of 12 kPa and 6 kPa, respectively. Wet cutting under the same conditions produced 0.6 kPa and 0.15 kPa, respectively. The difference between wet and dry cutting was highly significant (P < 0.001). Diamond burs produced significantly higher pressure increases than carbide burs at all levels for both wet and dry techniques (P < 0.05). When cutting farther than 2 mm from the pulp, tooth preparation created a mean 0,09-kPa pressure increase, which was not influenced by either coolant use or bur type. The temperature change was minimal during wet cutting and only minor temperature increases were recorded during dry cutting. Conclusion: From this laboratory study it is concluded that significant pressure changes occur in the pulp chamber during tooth preparation of extracted teeth when the remaining dentin thickness is less than 2 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 1999

179. Making the practically impossible 'Merely difficult'--Cryogenic FIB lift-out for 'Damage free' soft matter imaging

Author: Christopher D J, Parmenter, Michael W, Fay, Cheryl, Hartfield, and Hoda M, Eltaher
Subjects: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Water, Cryoultramicrotomy
Abstract: The preparation of thinned lamellae from bulk samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis has been possible in the focussed ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) for over 20 years via the in situ lift-out method. Lift-out offers a fast and site specific preparation method for TEM analysis, typically in the field of materials science. More recently it has been applied to a low-water content biological sample (Rubino 2012). This work presents the successful lift-out of high-water content lamellae, under cryogenic conditions (cryo-FIB lift-out) and using a nanomanipulator retaining its full range of motion, which are advances on the work previously done by Rubino (2012). Strategies are explored for maintaining cryogenic conditions, grid attachment using cryo-condensation of water and protection of the lamella when transferring to the TEM.
Published: 2015

180. The Characterisation of Diesel Internal Injector Deposits by Focused Ion-Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy

Author: Christopher D. J. Parmenter, Sarah Angel-Smith, Matthew J. Piggott, Michael W. Fay, Andrew Davies, Jacqueline Reid, Jim Barker, David J. Scurr, Nicola Weston, and Colin E. Snape
Subjects: Conventional transmission electron microscope, Materials science, Polymer characterization, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, Analytical chemistry, Scanning confocal electron microscopy, Scanning ion-conductance microscopy, Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy, Scanning capacitance microscopy, Focused ion beam
Published: 2015
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181. Skeletal muscle MRI differentiates SBMA and ALS and correlates with disease severity.

Author: Klickovic, Uros MD, MRes, Zampedri, Luca MSc, Sinclair, Christopher D.J. PhD, Wastling, Stephen J. PhD, Trimmel, Karin MD, PhD, Howard, Robin S. MD, Malaspina, Andrea MD, PhD, Sharma, Nikhil MD, PhD, Sidle, Katie MD, Emira, Ahmed MD, Shah, Sachit MD, Yousry, Tarek A. MD, Hanna, Michael G. MD, Greensmith, Linda PhD, Morrow, Jasper M. MD, PhD, Thornton, John S. PhD, Fratta, Pietro MD, PhD, Klickovic, Uros, Zampedri, Luca, and Sinclair, Christopher D J
Published: 2019
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182. Joint Indian Chest Society-National College of Chest Physicians (India) guidelines for spirometry.

Author: Aggarwal, Ashutosh Nath, Agarwal, Ritesh, Dhooria, Sahajal, Prasad, K. T., Sehgal, Inderpaul S., Muthu, Valliappan, Singh, Navneet, Behera, D., Jindal, S. K., Singh, Virendra, Chawla, Rajesh, Samaria, J. K., Gaur, S. N., Agrawal, Anurag, Chhabra, S. K., Chopra, Vishal, Christopher, D. J., Dhar, Raja, Ghoshal, Aloke G., and Guleria, Randeep
Subjects: EXPIRATORY flow, PULMONARY function tests, PHYSICIANS, QUALITY control, CHEST (Anatomy), SPIROMETRY
Abstract: Although a simple and useful pulmonary function test, spirometry remains underutilized in India. The Indian Chest Society and National College of Chest Physicians (India) jointly supported an expert group to provide recommendations for spirometry in India. Based on a scientific grading of available published evidence, as well as other international recommendations, we propose a consensus statement for planning, performing and interpreting spirometry in a systematic manner across all levels of healthcare in India. We stress the use of standard equipment, and the need for quality control, to optimize testing. Important technical requirements for patient selection, and proper conduct of the vital capacity maneuver, are outlined. A brief algorithm to interpret and report spirometric data using minimal and most important variables is presented. The use of statistically valid lower limits of normality during interpretation is emphasized, and a listing of Indian reference equations is provided for this purpose. Other important issues such as peak expiratory flow, bronchodilator reversibility testing, and technician training are also discussed. We hope that this document will improve use of spirometry in a standardized fashion across diverse settings in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2019
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183. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Hay, S. I., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdulle, A. M., Abebo, T. A., Abera, S. F., Aboyans, V., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Ackerman, I. N., Adedeji, I. A., Adetokunboh, O., Afshin, A., Aggarwal, R., Agrawal, S., Agrawal, A., Kiadaliri, A. A., Ahmed, M. B., Aichour, A. N., Aichour, I., Aichour, M. T. E., Aiyar, S., Akinyemiju, T. F., Akseer, N., Al Lami, F. H., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, N., Alam, T., Alasfoor, D., Alene, K. A., Ali, R., Alizadeh-Navaei, R., Alkaabi, J. M., Alkerwi, A., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Allen, C., Al-Maskari, F., Almazroa, M. A., Al-Raddadi, R., Alsharif, U., Alsowaidi, S., Althouse, B. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A. T., Amini, E., Ammar, W., Amoako, Y. A., Ansha, M. G., Antonio, C. A. T., Anwari, P., ÃrnlÃ¶v, J., Arora, M., Artaman, A., Aryal, K. K., Asgedom, S. W., Atey, T. M., Atnafu, N. T., Avila-Burgos, L., Arthur Avokpaho, E. F. G., Awasthi, A., Awasthi, S., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Azarpazhooh, M. R., Azzopardi, P., Babalola, T. K., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Balakrishnan, K., Bannick, M. S., Barac, A., Barker-Collo, S. L., BÃ€rnighausen, T., Barquera, S., Barrero, L. H., Basu, S., Battista, R., Battle, K. E., Baune, B. T., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Beardsley, J., Bedi, N., BÃ©jot, Y., Bekele, B. B., Bell, M. L., Bennett, D. A., Bennett, J. R., Bensenor, I. M., Benson, J., Berhane, A., Berhe, D. F., BernabÃ©, E., Betsu, B. D., Beuran, M., Beyene, A. S., Bhansali, A., Bhatt, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Biadgilign, S., Bienhof, K., Bikbov, B., Birungi, C., Biryukov, S., Bisanzio, D., Bizuayehu, H. M., Blyth, F. M., Boneya, D. J., Bose, D., Bou-Orm, I. R., Bourne, R. R. A., Brainin, M., Brayne, C. E. G., Brazinova, A., Breitborde, N. J. K., Briant, P. S., Britton, G., Brugha, T. S., Buchbinder, R., Bulto, L. N. B., Bumgarner, B., Butt, Z. A., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Cameron, E., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Carabin, H., CÃ¡rdenas, R., Carpenter, D. O., Carrero, J. J., Carter, A., Carvalho, F., Casey, D., CastaÃ±eda-Orjuela, C. A., Rivas, J. C., Castle, C. D., CatalÃ¡-LÃ³pez, F., Chang, J. -C, Charlson, F. J., Chaturvedi, P., Chen, H., Chibalabala, M., Chibueze, C. E., Chisumpa, V. H., Chitheer, A. A., Chowdhury, R., Christopher, D. J., Ciobanu, L. G., Cirillo, M., Colombara, D., Cooper, L. T., Cooper, C., Cortesi, P. A., Cortinovis, M., Criqui, M. H., Cromwell, E. A., Cross, M., Crump, J. A., Dadi, A. F., Dalal, Koustuv, Damasceno, A., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Das Neves, J., Davitoiu, D. V., Davletov, K., De Courten, B., De Leo, D., De Steur, H., Degenhardt, L., Deiparine, S., Dellavalle, R. P., Deribe, K., Deribew, A., Das Jarlais, D. C., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhillon, P. K., Dicker, D., Djalalinia, S., Do, H. P., Dokova, K., Doku, D. T., Dorsey, E. R., Dos Santos, K. P. B., Driscoll, T. R., Dubey, M., Duncan, B. B., Ebel, B. E., Echko, M., El-Khatib, Z. Z., Enayati, A., Endries, A. Y., Ermakov, S. P., Erskine, H. E., Eshetie, S., Eshrati, B., Esteghamati, A., Estep, K., Fanuel, F. B. B., Farag, T., Farinha, C. S. E. S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fazeli, M. S., Feigin, V. L., Feigl, A. B., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M, Fernandes, J. C., Ferrari, A. J., Feyissa, T. R., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fitzmaurice, C., Flaxman, A. D., Foigt, N., Foreman, K. J., Franklin, R. C., Frostad, J. J., Fullman, N., FÃŒrst, T., Furtado, J. M., Futran, N. D., Gakidou, E., Garcia-Basteiro, A. L., Gebre, T., Gebregergs, G. B., Gebrehiwot, T. T., Geleijnse, J. M., Geleto, A., Gemechu, B. L., Gesesew, H. A., Gething, P. W., Ghajar, A., Gibney, K. B., Gillum, R. F., Ginawi, I. A. M., Gishu, M. D., Giussani, G., Godwin, W. W., Goel, K., Goenka, S., Goldberg, E. M., Gona, P. N., Goodridge, A., Gopalani, S. V., Gosselin, R. A., Gotay, C. C., Goto, A., Goulart, A. C., Graetz, N., Gugnani, H. C., Gupta, R., Gupta, P. C., Gupta, T., Gupta, V., GutiÃ©rrez, R. A., Hachinski, V., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Hailu, A. D., Hailu, G. B., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Hammami, M., Handal, A. J., Hankey, G. J., Hao, Y., Harb, H. L., Hareri, H. A., Haro, J. M., Harun, K. M., Harvey, J., Hassanvand, M. S., Havmoeller, R., Hay, R. J., Hedayati, M. T., Hendrie, D., Henry, N. J., Heredia-Pi, I. B., Heydarpour, P., Hoek, H. W., Hofman, H. J., Horino, M., Horita, N., Hosgood, H. D., Hostiuc, S., Hotez, P. J., Hoy, D. G., Htet, A. S., Hu, G., Huang, J. J., Huynh, C., Iburg, K. M., Igumbor, E. U., Ikeda, C., Irvine, C. M. S., Jacobsen, K. H., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M. B., James, P., Jassal, S. K., Javanbakht, M., Jayaraman, S. P., Jeemon, P., Jensen, P. N., Jha, V., Jiang, G., John, D., Johnson, C. O., Johnson, S. C., Jonas, J. B., JÃŒrisson, M., Kabir, Z., Kadel, R., Kahsay, A., Kamal, R., Kar, C., Karam, N. E., Karch, A., Karema, C. K., Karimi, S. M., Karimkhani, C., Kasaeian, A., Kassa, G. M., Kassebaum, N. J., Kassaw, N. A., Kastor, A., Katikireddi, S. V., Kaul, A., Kawakami, N., Keiyoro, P. 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R., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Magdy Abd El Razek, M., Magis-Rodriguez, C., Mahdavi, M., Majdan, M., Majdzadeh, R., Majeed, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malhotra, R., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Manguerra, H., Manhertz, T., Mantovani, L. G., Mapoma, C. C., March, L. M., Marczak, L. B., Martinez-Raga, J., Martins, P. H. V., Martins-Melo, F. R., Martopullo, I., MÃ€rz, W., Mathur, M. R., Mazidi, M., McAlinden, C., McGaughey, M., McGrath, J. J., McKee, M., Mehata, S., Meier, T., Meles, K. G., Memiah, P., Memish, Z. A., Mendoza, W., Mengesha, M. M., Mengistie, M. A., Mengistu, D. T., Mensah, G. A., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T. J., Mezgebe, H. B., Micha, R., Millear, A., Miller, T. R., Minnig, S., Mirarefn, M., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Misganaw, A., Mishra, S. R., Mitchell, P. B., Mohammad, K. A., Mohammadi, A., Mohammed, S., Mohammed, K. E., Mohammed, M. S. K., Mohan, M. B. V., Mokdad, A. H., Mollenkopf, S. K., Monasta, L., MontaÃ±ez Hernandez, J. C., Montico, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moraga, P., Morawska, L., Mori, R., Morrison, S. D., Moses, M., Mountjoy-Venning, C., Mruts, K. B., Mueller, U. O., Muller, K., Mudoch, M. E., Murthy, S., Murthy, G. V. S., Musa, K. I., Nachega, J. B., Nagel, G., Naghavi, M., Naheed, A., Naidoo, K. S., Nangia, V., Nasher, J. T., Natarajan, G., Negasa, D. E., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Newton, C. R., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, Q. L., Nguyen, G., Nguyen, T. H., Nguyen, M., Nichols, E., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nong, V. M., Norheim, O. F., Norrving, B., Noubiap, J. J. N., Nyandwi, A., Obermeyer, C. M., O’Donnell, M. J., Ogbo, F. A., Oh, I. -H, Okoro, A., Oladimeji, O., Olagunju, A. T., Olagunju, T. O., Olsen, H. E., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Ong, K., Opio, J. N., Oren, E., Ortiz, A., Osborne, R. H., Osgood-Zimmerman, A., Osman, M., Ota, E., Owolabi, M. O., Pa, M., Pacella, R. E., Panda, B. K., Pandian, J. D., Papachristou, C., Park, E. -K, Parry, C. D., Parsaeian, M., Patil, S. 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G., DALYs, G B D 2 0 1 6, Collaborators, H A L E, Hay, S. I., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdulle, A. M., Abebo, T. A., Abera, S. F., Aboyans, V., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Ackerman, I. N., Adedeji, I. A., Adetokunboh, O., Afshin, A., Aggarwal, R., Agrawal, S., Agrawal, A., Kiadaliri, A. A., Ahmed, M. B., Aichour, A. N., Aichour, I., Aichour, M. T. E., Aiyar, S., Akinyemiju, T. F., Akseer, N., Al Lami, F. H., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, N., Alam, T., Alasfoor, D., Alene, K. A., Ali, R., Alizadeh-Navaei, R., Alkaabi, J. M., Alkerwi, A., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Allen, C., Al-Maskari, F., Almazroa, M. A., Al-Raddadi, R., Alsharif, U., Alsowaidi, S., Althouse, B. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A. T., Amini, E., Ammar, W., Amoako, Y. A., Ansha, M. G., Antonio, C. A. T., Anwari, P., ÃrnlÃ¶v, J., Arora, M., Artaman, A., Aryal, K. K., Asgedom, S. W., Atey, T. M., Atnafu, N. T., Avila-Burgos, L., Arthur Avokpaho, E. F. G., Awasthi, A., Awasthi, S., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Azarpazhooh, M. R., Azzopardi, P., Babalola, T. K., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Balakrishnan, K., Bannick, M. S., Barac, A., Barker-Collo, S. L., BÃ€rnighausen, T., Barquera, S., Barrero, L. H., Basu, S., Battista, R., Battle, K. E., Baune, B. T., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Beardsley, J., Bedi, N., BÃ©jot, Y., Bekele, B. B., Bell, M. L., Bennett, D. A., Bennett, J. R., Bensenor, I. M., Benson, J., Berhane, A., Berhe, D. F., BernabÃ©, E., Betsu, B. D., Beuran, M., Beyene, A. S., Bhansali, A., Bhatt, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Biadgilign, S., Bienhof, K., Bikbov, B., Birungi, C., Biryukov, S., Bisanzio, D., Bizuayehu, H. M., Blyth, F. M., Boneya, D. J., Bose, D., Bou-Orm, I. R., Bourne, R. R. A., Brainin, M., Brayne, C. E. G., Brazinova, A., Breitborde, N. J. K., Briant, P. S., Britton, G., Brugha, T. S., Buchbinder, R., Bulto, L. N. B., Bumgarner, B., Butt, Z. A., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Cameron, E., Campos-Nonato, I. 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G., DALYs, G B D 2 0 1 6, and Collaborators, H A L E
Abstract: Background: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Methods: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE difered from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate. Findings: The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75Â·2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71Â·9-78Â·6) for females and 72Â·0 years (68Â·8-75Â·1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45Â·6 years [42Â·0-49Â·5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41Â·5 years [39Â·0-44Â·0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6Â·24 years (5Â·97-6Â·48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6Â·04 years (5Â·74-6Â·27) for males and 6Â·49 years (6Â·08-6Â·77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1Â·78 years, cited By 723
Published: 2017
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184. Healthcare access and quality index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015 : A novel analysis from the global burden of disease study 2015

Author: Barber, R. M., Fullman, N., Sorensen, R. J. D., Bollyky, T., McKee, M., Nolte, E., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdulle, A. M., Abdurahman, A. A., Abera, S. F., Abraham, B., Abreha, G. F., Adane, K., Adelekan, A. L., Adetifa, I. M. O., Afshin, A., Agarwal, A., Agarwal, S. K., Agarwal, S., Agrawal, A., Ahmad Kiadaliri, A., Ahmadi, A., Ahmed, K. Y., Ahmed, M. B., Akinyemi, R. O., Akinyemiju, T. F., Akseer, N., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, N., Alam, S. S., Alemu, Z. A., Alene, K. A., Alexander, L., Ali, R., Ali, S. D., Alizadeh-Navaei, R., Alkerwi, A., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Allen, C., Al-Raddadi, R., Alsharif, U., Altirkawi, K. A., Alvarez Martin, E., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A. T., Amini, E., Ammar, W., Amo-Adjei, J., Amoako, Y. A., Anderson, B. O., Androudi, S., Ansari, H., Ansha, M. G., Antonio, C. A. T., ÃrnlÃ¶v, J., Artaman, A., Asayesh, H., Assadi, R., Astatkie, A., Atey, T. M., Atique, S., Atnafu, N. T., Atre, S. R., Avila-Burgos, L., Avokpaho, E. F. G. A., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Awasthi, A., Ayele, N. N., Azzopardi, P., Ba Saleem, H. O., BÃ€rnighausen, T., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Banerjee, A., Barac, A., Barboza, M. A., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barrero, L. H., Basu, S., Baune, B. T., Baye, K., Bayou, Y. T., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., BÃ©jot, Y., Bello, A. K., Bennett, D. A., Bensenor, I. M., Berhane, A., BernabÃ©, E., Bernal, O. A., Beyene, A. S., Beyene, T. J., Bhutta, Z. A., Biadgilign, S., Bikbov, B., Birlik, S. M., Birungi, C., Biryukov, S., Bisanzio, D., Bizuayehu, H. M., Bose, D., Brainin, M., Brauer, M., Brazinova, A., Breitborde, N. J. K., Brenner, H., Butt, Z. A., CÃ¡rdenas, R., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Car, J., Carrero, J. J., Casey, D., Caso, V., CastaÃ±eda-Orjuela, C. A., Castillo Rivas, J., CatalÃ¡-LÃ³pez, F., Cecilio, P., Cercy, K., Charlson, F. J., Chen, A. Z., Chew, A., Chibalabala, M., Chibueze, C. E., Chisumpa, V. H., Chitheer, A. A., Chowdhury, R., Christensen, H., Christopher, D. J., Ciobanu, L. G., Cirillo, M., Coggeshall, M. S., Cooper, L. T., Cortinovis, M., Crump, J. A., Dalal, Koustuv, Danawi, H., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Dargan, P. I., Das Neves, J., Davey, G., Davitoiu, D. V., Davletov, K., De Leo, D., Del Gobbo, L. C., Del Pozo-Cruz, B., Dellavalle, R. P., Deribe, K., Deribew, A., Des Jarlais, D. C., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dicker, D., Ding, E. L., Dokova, K., Dorsey, E. R., Doyle, K. E., Dubey, M., Ehrenkranz, R., Ellingsen, C. L., Elyazar, I., Enayati, A., Ermakov, S. P., Eshrati, B., Esteghamati, A., Estep, K., FÃŒrst, T., Faghmous, I. D. A., Fanuel, F. B. B., Faraon, E. J. A., Farid, T. A., Farinha, C. S. E. S., Faro, A., Farvid, M. S., Farzadfar, F., Feigin, V. L., Feigl, A. B., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M, Fernandes, J. G., Fernandes, J. C., Feyissa, T. R., Fischer, F., Fitzmaurice, C., Fleming, T. D., Foigt, N., Foreman, K. J., Forouzanfar, M. H., Franklin, R. C., Frostad, J., Ghiwot, T. 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Abstract: Background National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. Methods We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure-the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index-on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r=0Â·88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r=0Â·83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r=0Â·77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total ferti
Published: 2017
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185. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Vos, T., Abajobir, A. A., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abate, K. H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdulle, A. M., Abebo, T. A., Abera, S. F., Aboyans, V., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Ackerman, I. N., Adamu, A. A., Adetokunboh, O., Afarideh, M., Afshin, A., Agarwal, S. K., Aggarwal, R., Agrawal, A., Agrawal, S., Ahmad Kiadaliri, A., Ahmadieh, H., Ahmed, M. B., Aichour, A. N., Aichour, I., Aichour, M. T. E., Aiyar, S., Akinyemi, R. O., Akseer, N., Al Lami, F. H., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, N., Alam, T., Alasfoor, D., Alene, K. A., Ali, R., Alizadeh-Navaei, R., Alkerwi, A., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Allen, C., Al-Maskari, F., Al-Raddadi, R., Alsharif, U., Alsowaidi, S., Altirkawi, K. A., Amare, A. T., Amini, E., Ammar, W., Amoako, Y. A., Andersen, H. H., Antonio, C. A. T., Anwari, P., ÃrnlÃ¶v, J., Artaman, A., Aryal, K. K., Asayesh, H., Asgedom, S. W., Assadi, R., Atey, T. M., Atnafu, N. T., Atre, S. R., Avila-Burgos, L., Avokpaho, E. F. G. A., Awasthi, A., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ba Saleem, H. O., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Balakrishnan, K., Banerjee, A., Bannick, M. S., Barac, A., Barber, R. M., Barker-Collo, S. L., BÃ€rnighausen, T., Barquera, S., Barregard, L., Barrero, L. H., Basu, S., Battista, B., Battle, K. E., Baune, B. T., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Beardsley, J., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., BÃ©jot, Y., Bekele, B. B., Bell, M. L., Bennett, D. A., Bensenor, I. M., Benson, J., Berhane, A., Berhe, D. F., BernabÃ©, E., Betsu, B. D., Beuran, M., Beyene, A. S., Bhala, N., Bhansali, A., Bhatt, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Biadgilign, S., Bienhoff, K., Bikbov, B., Birungi, C., Biryukov, S., Bisanzio, D., Bizuayehu, H. M., Boneya, D. J., Boufous, S., Bourne, R. R. A., Brazinova, A., Brugha, T. S., Buchbinder, R., Bulto, L. N. B., Bumgarner, B. R., Butt, Z. A., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Cameron, E., Car, M., Carabin, H., Carapetis, J. R., CÃ¡rdenas, R., Carpenter, D. O., Carrero, J. J., Carter, A., Carvalho, F., Casey, D. C., Caso, V., CastaÃ±eda-Orjuela, C. A., Castle, C. D., CatalÃ¡-LÃ³pez, F., Chang, H. -Y, Chang, J. -C, Charlson, F. J., Chen, H., Chibalabala, M., Chibueze, C. E., Chisumpa, V. H., Chitheer, A. A., Christopher, D. J., Ciobanu, L. G., Cirillo, M., Colombara, D., Cooper, C., Cortesi, P. A., Criqui, M. H., Crump, J. A., Dadi, A. F., Dalal, Koustuv, Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Das Neves, J., Davitoiu, D. V., De Courten, B., De Leo, D., Degenhardt, L., Deiparine, S., Dellavalle, R. P., Deribe, K., Des Jarlais, D. C., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhillon, P. K., Dicker, D., Ding, E. L., Djalalinia, S., Do, H. P., Dorsey, E. R., Dos Santos, K. P. B., Douwes-Schultz, D., Doyle, K. E., Driscoll, T. R., Dubey, M., Duncan, B. B., El-Khatib, Z. Z., Ellerstrand, J., Enayati, A., Endries, A. Y., Ermakov, S. P., Erskine, H. E., Eshrati, B., Eskandarieh, S., Esteghamati, A., Estep, K., Fanuel, F. B. B., Farinha, C. S. E. S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fazeli, M. S., Feigin, V. L., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M, Fernandes, J. C., Ferrari, A. J., Feyissa, T. R., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fitzmaurice, C., Flaxman, A. D., Flor, L. S., Foigt, N., Foreman, K. J., Franklin, R. C., Fullman, N., FÃŒrst, T., Furtado, J. M., Futran, N. D., Gakidou, E., Ganji, M., Garcia-Basteiro, A. L., Gebre, T., Gebrehiwot, T. T., Geleto, A., Gemechu, B. L., Gesesew, H. A., Gething, P. W., Ghajar, A., Gibney, K. B., Gill, P. S., Gillum, R. F., Ginawi, I. A. M., Giref, A. Z., Gishu, M. D., Giussani, G., Godwin, W. W., Gold, A. L., Goldberg, E. M., Gona, P. N., Goodridge, A., Gopalani, S. V., Goto, A., Goulart, A. C., Griswold, M., Gugnani, H. C., Gupta, R., Gupta, T., Gupta, V., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Hailu, A. D., Hailu, G. B., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Handal, A. J., Hankey, G. J., Hao, Y., Harb, H. L., Hareri, H. A., Haro, J. M., Harvey, J., Hassanvand, M. S., Havmoeller, R., Hawley, C., Hay, R. J., Hay, S. I., Henry, N. J., Heredia-Pi, I. B., Heydarpour, P., Hoek, H. W., Hoffman, H. J., Horita, N., Hosgood, H. D., Hostiuc, S., Hotez, P. J., Hoy, D. G., Htet, A. S., Hu, G., Huang, H., Huynh, C., Iburg, K. M., Igumbor, E. U., Ikeda, C., Irvine, C. M. S., Jacobsen, K. H., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M. B., Jassal, S. K., Javanbakht, M., Jayaraman, S. P., Jeemon, P., Jensen, P. N., Jha, V., Jiang, G., John, D., Johnson, C. O., Johnson, S. C., Jonas, J. B., JÃŒrisson, M., Kabir, Z., Kadel, R., Kahsay, A., Kamal, R., Kan, H., Karam, N. E., Karch, A., Karema, C. K., Kasaeian, A., Kassa, G. M., Kassaw, N. A., Kassebaum, N. J., Kastor, A., Katikireddi, S. V., Kaul, A., Kawakami, N., Keiyoro, P. N., Kengne, A. P., Keren, A., Khader, Y. S., Khalil, I. A., Khan, E. A., Khang, Y. -H, Khosravi, A., Khubchandani, J., Kieling, C., Kim, D., Kim, P., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kinfu, Y., Kisa, A., Kissimova-Skarbek, K. A., Kivimaki, M., Knudsen, A. K., Kokubo, Y., Kolte, D., Kopec, J. A., Kosen, S., Koul, P. A., Koyanagi, A., Kravchenko, M., Krishnaswami, S., Krohn, K. J., Kuate Defo, B., Kucuk Bicer, B., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, P., Kumar, S., Kyu, H. H., Lal, D. K., Lalloo, R., Lambert, N., Lan, Q., Larsson, A., Lavados, P. M., Leasher, J. L., Lee, J. -T, Lee, P. H., Leigh, J., Leshargie, C. T., Leung, J., Leung, R., Levi, M., Li, Y., Li Kappe, D., Liang, X., Liben, M. L., Lim, S. S., Linn, S., Liu, A., Liu, P. Y., Liu, S., Liu, Y., Lodha, R., Logroscino, G., London, S. J., Looker, K. J., Lopez, A. D., Lorkowski, S., Lotufo, P. A., Low, N., Lozano, R., Lucas, T. C. D., Macarayan, E. R. K., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Magdy Abd El Razek, M., Mahdavi, M., Majdan, M., Majdzadeh, R., Majeed, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malhotra, R., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Manguerra, H., Manhertz, T., Mantilla, A., Mantovani, L. G., Mapoma, C. C., Marczak, L. B., Martinez-Raga, J., Martins-Melo, F. R., Martopullo, I., MÃ€rz, W., Mathur, M. R., Mazidi, M., McAlinden, C., McGaughey, M., McGrath, J. J., McKee, M., McNellan, C., Mehata, S., Mehndiratta, M. M., Mekonnen, T. C., Memiah, P., Memish, Z. A., Mendoza, W., Mengistie, M. A., Mengistu, D. T., Mensah, G. A., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T. J., Mezgebe, H. B., Micha, R., Millear, A., Miller, T. R., Mills, E. J., Mirarefin, M., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Misganaw, A., Mishra, S. R., Mitchell, P. B., Mohammad, K. A., Mohammadi, A., Mohammed, K. E., Mohammed, S., Mohanty, S. K., Mokdad, A. H., Mollenkopf, S. K., Monasta, L., Hernandez, J. M., Montico, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moraga, P., Mori, R., Morozoff, C., Morrison, S. D., Moses, M., Mountjoy-Venning, C., Mruts, K. B., Mueller, U. O., Muller, K., Murdoch, M. E., Murthy, G. V. S., Musa, K. I., Nachega, J. B., Nagel, G., Naghavi, M., Naheed, A., Naidoo, K. S., Naldi, L., Nangia, V., Natarajan, G., Negasa, D. E., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Newton, C. R., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, G., Nguyen, M., Nguyen, Q. L., Nguyen, T. H., Nichols, E., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nolte, S., Nong, V. M., Norrving, B., Noubiap, J. J. N., O’Donnell, M. J., Ogbo, F. A., Oh, I. -H, Okoro, A., Oladimeji, O., Olagunju, A. T., Olagunju, T. O., Olsen, H. E., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Ong, K., Opio, J. N., Oren, E., Ortiz, A., Osgood-Zimmerman, A., Osman, M., Owolabi, M. O., Pa, M., Pacella, R. E., Pana, A., Panda, B. K., Papachristou, C., Park, E. -K, Parry, C. D., Parsaeian, M., Patten, S. B., Patton, G. C., Paulson, K., Pearce, N., Pereira, D. M., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Peterson, C. B., Petzold, M., Phillips, M. R., Pigott, D. M., Pillay, J. D., Pinho, C., Plass, D., Pletcher, M. A., Popova, S., Poulton, R. G., Pourmalek, F., Prabhakaran, D., Prasad, N., Prasad, N. M., Purcell, C., Qorbani, M., Quansah, R., Rabiee, R. H. S., Radfar, A., Rafay, A., Rahimi, K., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M., Rahman, M. H. U., Rai, R. K., Rajsic, S., Ram, U., Ranabhat, C. L., Rankin, Z., Rao, P. V., Rao, P. C., Rawaf, S., Ray, S. E., Reiner, R. C., Reinig, N., Reitsma, M. B., Remuzzi, G., Renzaho, A. M. N., Resnikoff, S., Rezaei, S., Ribeiro, A. L., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Roth, G. A., Roy, A., Rubagotti, E., Ruhago, G. M., Saadat, S., Sadat, N., Safdarian, M., Safi, S., Safiri, S., Sagar, R., Sahathevan, R., Salama, J., Salomon, J. A., Salvi, S. S., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J. R., Santomauro, D., Santos, I. S., Santos, J. V., Santric Milicevic, M. M., Sartorius, B., Satpathy, M., Sawhney, M., Saxena, S., Schmidt, M. I., Schneider, I. J. C., SchÃ¶ttker, B., Schwebel, D. C., Schwendicke, F., Seedat, S., Sepanlou, S. G., Servan-Mori, E. E., Setegn, T., Shackelford, K. A., Shaheen, A., Shaikh, M. A., Shamsipour, M., Shariful Islam, S. M., Sharma, J., Sharma, R., She, J., Shi, P., Shields, C., Shigematsu, M., Shinohara, Y., Shiri, R., Shirkoohi, R., Shirude, S., Shishani, K., Shrime, M. G., Sibai, A. M., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Silva, D. A. S., Silva, J. P., Silveira, D. G. A., Singh, J. A., Singh, N. P., Sinha, D. N., Skiadaresi, E., Skirbekk, V., Slepak, E. L., Sligar, A., Smith, D. L., Smith, M., Sobaih, B. H. A., Sobngwi, E., Sorensen, R. J. D., Sousa, T. C. M., Sposato, L. A., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Srinivasan, V., Stanaway, J. D., Stathopoulou, V., Steel, N., Stein, D. J., Stein, M. B., Steiner, C., Steiner, T. J., Steinke, S., Stokes, M. A., Stovner, L. J., Strub, B., Subart, M., Sufiyan, M. B., Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R., Sunguya, B. F., Sur, P. J., Swaminathan, S., Sykes, B. L., Sylte, D. O., TabarÃ©s-Seisdedos, R., Taffere, G. R., Takala, J. S., Tandon, N., Tavakkoli, M., Taveira, N., Taylor, H. R., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Tekelab, T., Temam Shifa, G., Terkawi, A. S., Tesfaye, D. J., Tesssema, B., Thamsuwan, O., Thomas, K. E., Thrift, A. G., Tiruye, T. Y., Tobe-Gai, R., Tollanes, M. C., Tonelli, M., Topor-Madry, R., Tortajada, M., Touvier, M., Tran, B. X., Tripathi, S., Troeger, C., Truelsen, T., Tsoi, D., Tuem, K. B., Tuzcu, E. M., Tyrovolas, S., Ukwaja, K. N., Undurraga, E. A., Uneke, C. J., Updike, R., Uthman, O. A., Uzochukwu, B. S. C., Van Boven, J. F. M., Varughese, S., Vasankari, T., Venkatesh, S., Venketasubramanian, N., Vidavalur, R., Violante, F. S., Vladimirov, S. K., Vlassov, V. V., Vollset, S. E., Wadilo, F., Wakayo, T., Wang, Y. -P, Weaver, M., Weichenthal, S., Weiderpass, E., Weintraub, R. G., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Whiteford, H. A., Wijeratne, T., Wiysonge, C. S., Wolfe, C. D. A., Woodbrook, R., Woolf, A. D., Workicho, A., Wulf Hanson, S., Xavier, D., Xu, G., Yadgir, S., Yaghoubi, M., Yakob, B., Yan, L. L., Yano, Y., Ye, P., Yimam, H. H., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S. -J, Yotebieng, M., Younis, M. Z., Zaidi, Z., Zaki, M. E. S., Zegeye, E. A., Zenebe, Z. M., Zhang, X., Zhou, M., Zipkin, B., Zodpey, S., Zuhlke, L. J., Murray, C. J. L., Disease, G B D 2 0 1 6, Incidence, Injury, Collaborators, Prevalence, Vos, T., Abajobir, A. A., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abate, K. H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdulle, A. M., Abebo, T. A., Abera, S. F., Aboyans, V., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Ackerman, I. N., Adamu, A. A., Adetokunboh, O., Afarideh, M., Afshin, A., Agarwal, S. 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T., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Beardsley, J., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., BÃ©jot, Y., Bekele, B. B., Bell, M. L., Bennett, D. A., Bensenor, I. M., Benson, J., Berhane, A., Berhe, D. F., BernabÃ©, E., Betsu, B. D., Beuran, M., Beyene, A. S., Bhala, N., Bhansali, A., Bhatt, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Biadgilign, S., Bienhoff, K., Bikbov, B., Birungi, C., Biryukov, S., Bisanzio, D., Bizuayehu, H. M., Boneya, D. J., Boufous, S., Bourne, R. R. A., Brazinova, A., Brugha, T. S., Buchbinder, R., Bulto, L. N. B., Bumgarner, B. R., Butt, Z. A., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Cameron, E., Car, M., Carabin, H., Carapetis, J. R., CÃ¡rdenas, R., Carpenter, D. O., Carrero, J. J., Carter, A., Carvalho, F., Casey, D. C., Caso, V., CastaÃ±eda-Orjuela, C. A., Castle, C. D., CatalÃ¡-LÃ³pez, F., Chang, H. -Y, Chang, J. -C, Charlson, F. J., Chen, H., Chibalabala, M., Chibueze, C. E., Chisumpa, V. H., Chitheer, A. A., Christopher, D. J., Ciobanu, L. G., Cirillo, M., Colombara, D., Cooper, C., Cortesi, P. A., Criqui, M. H., Crump, J. A., Dadi, A. F., Dalal, Koustuv, Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Das Neves, J., Davitoiu, D. V., De Courten, B., De Leo, D., Degenhardt, L., Deiparine, S., Dellavalle, R. P., Deribe, K., Des Jarlais, D. C., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhillon, P. K., Dicker, D., Ding, E. L., Djalalinia, S., Do, H. P., Dorsey, E. R., Dos Santos, K. P. B., Douwes-Schultz, D., Doyle, K. E., Driscoll, T. R., Dubey, M., Duncan, B. B., El-Khatib, Z. Z., Ellerstrand, J., Enayati, A., Endries, A. Y., Ermakov, S. P., Erskine, H. E., Eshrati, B., Eskandarieh, S., Esteghamati, A., Estep, K., Fanuel, F. B. B., Farinha, C. S. E. S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fazeli, M. S., Feigin, V. L., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M, Fernandes, J. C., Ferrari, A. J., Feyissa, T. R., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fitzmaurice, C., Flaxman, A. D., Flor, L. S., Foigt, N., Foreman, K. J., Franklin, R. C., Fullman, N., FÃŒrst, T., Furtado, J. M., Futran, N. D., Gakidou, E., Ganji, M., Garcia-Basteiro, A. L., Gebre, T., Gebrehiwot, T. T., Geleto, A., Gemechu, B. L., Gesesew, H. A., Gething, P. W., Ghajar, A., Gibney, K. B., Gill, P. S., Gillum, R. F., Ginawi, I. A. M., Giref, A. Z., Gishu, M. D., Giussani, G., Godwin, W. W., Gold, A. L., Goldberg, E. M., Gona, P. N., Goodridge, A., Gopalani, S. V., Goto, A., Goulart, A. C., Griswold, M., Gugnani, H. C., Gupta, R., Gupta, T., Gupta, V., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Hailu, A. D., Hailu, G. B., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Handal, A. J., Hankey, G. J., Hao, Y., Harb, H. L., Hareri, H. A., Haro, J. M., Harvey, J., Hassanvand, M. S., Havmoeller, R., Hawley, C., Hay, R. J., Hay, S. I., Henry, N. J., Heredia-Pi, I. B., Heydarpour, P., Hoek, H. W., Hoffman, H. J., Horita, N., Hosgood, H. D., Hostiuc, S., Hotez, P. J., Hoy, D. G., Htet, A. S., Hu, G., Huang, H., Huynh, C., Iburg, K. M., Igumbor, E. U., Ikeda, C., Irvine, C. M. S., Jacobsen, K. H., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M. B., Jassal, S. K., Javanbakht, M., Jayaraman, S. P., Jeemon, P., Jensen, P. N., Jha, V., Jiang, G., John, D., Johnson, C. O., Johnson, S. C., Jonas, J. B., JÃŒrisson, M., Kabir, Z., Kadel, R., Kahsay, A., Kamal, R., Kan, H., Karam, N. E., Karch, A., Karema, C. K., Kasaeian, A., Kassa, G. M., Kassaw, N. A., Kassebaum, N. J., Kastor, A., Katikireddi, S. V., Kaul, A., Kawakami, N., Keiyoro, P. N., Kengne, A. P., Keren, A., Khader, Y. S., Khalil, I. A., Khan, E. A., Khang, Y. -H, Khosravi, A., Khubchandani, J., Kieling, C., Kim, D., Kim, P., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kinfu, Y., Kisa, A., Kissimova-Skarbek, K. A., Kivimaki, M., Knudsen, A. K., Kokubo, Y., Kolte, D., Kopec, J. A., Kosen, S., Koul, P. A., Koyanagi, A., Kravchenko, M., Krishnaswami, S., Krohn, K. J., Kuate Defo, B., Kucuk Bicer, B., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, P., Kumar, S., Kyu, H. H., Lal, D. K., Lalloo, R., Lambert, N., Lan, Q., Larsson, A., Lavados, P. M., Leasher, J. L., Lee, J. -T, Lee, P. H., Leigh, J., Leshargie, C. T., Leung, J., Leung, R., Levi, M., Li, Y., Li Kappe, D., Liang, X., Liben, M. L., Lim, S. S., Linn, S., Liu, A., Liu, P. Y., Liu, S., Liu, Y., Lodha, R., Logroscino, G., London, S. J., Looker, K. J., Lopez, A. D., Lorkowski, S., Lotufo, P. A., Low, N., Lozano, R., Lucas, T. C. D., Macarayan, E. R. K., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Magdy Abd El Razek, M., Mahdavi, M., Majdan, M., Majdzadeh, R., Majeed, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malhotra, R., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Manguerra, H., Manhertz, T., Mantilla, A., Mantovani, L. G., Mapoma, C. C., Marczak, L. B., Martinez-Raga, J., Martins-Melo, F. R., Martopullo, I., MÃ€rz, W., Mathur, M. R., Mazidi, M., McAlinden, C., McGaughey, M., McGrath, J. J., McKee, M., McNellan, C., Mehata, S., Mehndiratta, M. M., Mekonnen, T. C., Memiah, P., Memish, Z. A., Mendoza, W., Mengistie, M. A., Mengistu, D. T., Mensah, G. A., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T. J., Mezgebe, H. B., Micha, R., Millear, A., Miller, T. R., Mills, E. J., Mirarefin, M., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Misganaw, A., Mishra, S. R., Mitchell, P. B., Mohammad, K. A., Mohammadi, A., Mohammed, K. E., Mohammed, S., Mohanty, S. K., Mokdad, A. H., Mollenkopf, S. K., Monasta, L., Hernandez, J. M., Montico, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moraga, P., Mori, R., Morozoff, C., Morrison, S. D., Moses, M., Mountjoy-Venning, C., Mruts, K. B., Mueller, U. O., Muller, K., Murdoch, M. E., Murthy, G. V. S., Musa, K. I., Nachega, J. B., Nagel, G., Naghavi, M., Naheed, A., Naidoo, K. S., Naldi, L., Nangia, V., Natarajan, G., Negasa, D. E., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Newton, C. R., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, G., Nguyen, M., Nguyen, Q. L., Nguyen, T. H., Nichols, E., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nolte, S., Nong, V. M., Norrving, B., Noubiap, J. J. N., O’Donnell, M. J., Ogbo, F. A., Oh, I. -H, Okoro, A., Oladimeji, O., Olagunju, A. T., Olagunju, T. O., Olsen, H. E., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Ong, K., Opio, J. N., Oren, E., Ortiz, A., Osgood-Zimmerman, A., Osman, M., Owolabi, M. O., Pa, M., Pacella, R. E., Pana, A., Panda, B. K., Papachristou, C., Park, E. -K, Parry, C. D., Parsaeian, M., Patten, S. B., Patton, G. C., Paulson, K., Pearce, N., Pereira, D. M., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Peterson, C. B., Petzold, M., Phillips, M. R., Pigott, D. M., Pillay, J. D., Pinho, C., Plass, D., Pletcher, M. A., Popova, S., Poulton, R. G., Pourmalek, F., Prabhakaran, D., Prasad, N., Prasad, N. M., Purcell, C., Qorbani, M., Quansah, R., Rabiee, R. H. S., Radfar, A., Rafay, A., Rahimi, K., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M., Rahman, M. H. U., Rai, R. K., Rajsic, S., Ram, U., Ranabhat, C. L., Rankin, Z., Rao, P. V., Rao, P. C., Rawaf, S., Ray, S. E., Reiner, R. C., Reinig, N., Reitsma, M. B., Remuzzi, G., Renzaho, A. M. N., Resnikoff, S., Rezaei, S., Ribeiro, A. L., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Roth, G. A., Roy, A., Rubagotti, E., Ruhago, G. M., Saadat, S., Sadat, N., Safdarian, M., Safi, S., Safiri, S., Sagar, R., Sahathevan, R., Salama, J., Salomon, J. A., Salvi, S. S., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J. R., Santomauro, D., Santos, I. S., Santos, J. V., Santric Milicevic, M. M., Sartorius, B., Satpathy, M., Sawhney, M., Saxena, S., Schmidt, M. I., Schneider, I. J. C., SchÃ¶ttker, B., Schwebel, D. C., Schwendicke, F., Seedat, S., Sepanlou, S. G., Servan-Mori, E. E., Setegn, T., Shackelford, K. A., Shaheen, A., Shaikh, M. A., Shamsipour, M., Shariful Islam, S. M., Sharma, J., Sharma, R., She, J., Shi, P., Shields, C., Shigematsu, M., Shinohara, Y., Shiri, R., Shirkoohi, R., Shirude, S., Shishani, K., Shrime, M. G., Sibai, A. M., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Silva, D. A. S., Silva, J. P., Silveira, D. G. A., Singh, J. A., Singh, N. P., Sinha, D. N., Skiadaresi, E., Skirbekk, V., Slepak, E. L., Sligar, A., Smith, D. L., Smith, M., Sobaih, B. H. A., Sobngwi, E., Sorensen, R. J. D., Sousa, T. C. M., Sposato, L. A., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Srinivasan, V., Stanaway, J. D., Stathopoulou, V., Steel, N., Stein, D. J., Stein, M. B., Steiner, C., Steiner, T. J., Steinke, S., Stokes, M. A., Stovner, L. J., Strub, B., Subart, M., Sufiyan, M. B., Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R., Sunguya, B. F., Sur, P. J., Swaminathan, S., Sykes, B. L., Sylte, D. O., TabarÃ©s-Seisdedos, R., Taffere, G. R., Takala, J. S., Tandon, N., Tavakkoli, M., Taveira, N., Taylor, H. R., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Tekelab, T., Temam Shifa, G., Terkawi, A. S., Tesfaye, D. J., Tesssema, B., Thamsuwan, O., Thomas, K. E., Thrift, A. G., Tiruye, T. Y., Tobe-Gai, R., Tollanes, M. C., Tonelli, M., Topor-Madry, R., Tortajada, M., Touvier, M., Tran, B. X., Tripathi, S., Troeger, C., Truelsen, T., Tsoi, D., Tuem, K. B., Tuzcu, E. M., Tyrovolas, S., Ukwaja, K. N., Undurraga, E. A., Uneke, C. J., Updike, R., Uthman, O. A., Uzochukwu, B. S. C., Van Boven, J. F. M., Varughese, S., Vasankari, T., Venkatesh, S., Venketasubramanian, N., Vidavalur, R., Violante, F. S., Vladimirov, S. K., Vlassov, V. V., Vollset, S. E., Wadilo, F., Wakayo, T., Wang, Y. -P, Weaver, M., Weichenthal, S., Weiderpass, E., Weintraub, R. G., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Whiteford, H. A., Wijeratne, T., Wiysonge, C. S., Wolfe, C. D. A., Woodbrook, R., Woolf, A. D., Workicho, A., Wulf Hanson, S., Xavier, D., Xu, G., Yadgir, S., Yaghoubi, M., Yakob, B., Yan, L. L., Yano, Y., Ye, P., Yimam, H. H., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S. -J, Yotebieng, M., Younis, M. Z., Zaidi, Z., Zaki, M. E. S., Zegeye, E. A., Zenebe, Z. M., Zhang, X., Zhou, M., Zipkin, B., Zodpey, S., Zuhlke, L. J., Murray, C. J. L., Disease, G B D 2 0 1 6, Incidence, Injury, and Collaborators, Prevalence
Abstract: Background As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. Methods We estimated prevalence and incidence for 328 diseases and injuries and 2982 sequelae, their non-fatal consequences. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death rates for each condition. For some causes, we used alternative modelling strategies if incidence or prevalence needed to be derived from other data. YLDs were estimated as the product of prevalence and a disability weight for all mutually exclusive sequelae, corrected for comorbidity and aggregated to cause level. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. GBD 2016 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). Findings Globally, low back pain, migraine, age-related and other hearing loss, iron-deficiency anaemia, and major depressive disorder were the five leading causes of YLDs in 2016, contributing 57Â·6 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 40Â·8-75Â·9 million [7Â·2%, 6Â·0-8Â·3]), 45Â·1 million (29Â·0-62Â·8 million [5Â·6%, 4Â·0-7Â·2]), 36Â·3 million (25Â·3-50Â·9 million [4Â·5%, 3Â·8-5Â·3]), 34Â·7 million (23Â·0-49Â·6 million [4Â·3%, 3Â·5-5Â·2]), and 34Â·1 million (23Â·5-46Â·0 million [4Â·2%, 3Â·2-5Â·3]) of total YLDs, respectively. Age-standardised rates of YLDs for all causes combined decreased between 1990 and 2016 by 2Â·7% (95% UI 2Â·3-3Â·1). Despite mostly stagnant age-standardised rates, the a
Published: 2017
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186. The Application of Cryogenic Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy to Hydrogel Characterization

Author: Abdulraman Baki, Kevin M. Shakesheff, and Christopher D. J. Parmenter
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Scanning electron microscope, Analytical chemistry, Scanning confocal electron microscopy, 030206 dentistry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Focused ion beam, Characterization (materials science), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optoelectronics, Electron beam-induced deposition, 0210 nano-technology, business, Instrumentation
Published: 2016
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187. Combined hydrogels that switch human pluripotent stem cells from self-renewal to differentiation

Author: Christopher D. J. Parmenter, Donal McNally, Catherine M Rogers, Disheet Shah, Chris Denning, James E. Dixon, Stephen Hall, Nicola Weston, and Kevin M. Shakesheff
Subjects: Pluripotent Stem Cells, Mesoderm, Alginates, Cellular differentiation, Ectoderm, Human embryonic stem cells, Differentiation, Hydrogel, Cardiomyocyte, Biology, Regenerative Medicine, Regenerative medicine, Corrections, Glucuronic Acid, medicine, Humans, Stem Cell Niche, Induced pluripotent stem cell, Multidisciplinary, Hexuronic Acids, Spectrum Analysis, Cell Differentiation, Hydrogels, Carbocyanines, Biological Sciences, Embryonic stem cell, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Gastrulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Collagen, Endoderm, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: The ability of materials to define the architecture and microenvironment experienced by cells provides new opportunities to direct the fate of human pluripotent stem cells (HPSCs) [Robinton DA, Daley GQ (2012) Nature 481(7381):295-305]. However, the conditions required for self-renewal vs. differentiation of HPSCs are different, and a single system that efficiently achieves both outcomes is not available [Giobbe GG, et al. (2012) Biotechnol Bioeng 109(12):3119-3132]. We have addressed this dual need by developing a hydrogel-based material that uses ionic de-cross-linking to remove a self-renewal permissive hydrogel (alginate) and switch to a differentiation- permissive microenvironment (collagen). Adjusting the timing of this switch can preferentially steer the HPSC differentiation to mimic lineage commitment during gastrulation to ectoderm (early switch) or mesoderm/endoderm (late switch). As an exemplar differentiated cell type, we showed that directing early lineage specification using this single system can promote cardiogenesis with increased gene expression in high-density cell populations. This work will facilitate regenerative medicine by allowing in situ HPSC expansion to be coupled with early lineage specification within defined tissue geometries.
Published: 2014

188. Total synthesis and assignment of configuration of the thiazoline-based cyclopeptide cyclodidemnamide isolated from the sea squirt Didemnum molle

Author: Mark C Norley, Gerald Pattenden, and Christopher D. J. Boden
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Natural product, Sea-squirt, chemistry, biology, Stereochemistry, Thiazoline, Organic chemistry, Total synthesis, Epimer, Oxazoline, Didemnum molle, biology.organism_classification
Abstract: A total synthesis of the proposed structure 1 for the oxazoline/thiazoline-based cyclopeptide cyclodidemnamide, isolated from the sea squirt Didemnum molle, is described. The synthesis features a novel double cyclodehydration, sequential formation of chiral thiazoline and oxazoline rings in a preformed cyclopeptide intermediate, as a key stratagem. The NMR spectroscopic data for synthetic 1 and natural cyclodidemnamide did not correlate. The configuration of the natural product was re-assigned as 15, the C-15-(R)-Val epimer, which was confirmed by total synthesis.
Published: 2000
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189. A comprehensive comparison of dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes for solar energy conversion

Author: Wood, Christopher J., Summers, Gareth H., Clark, Charlotte A., Kaeffer, Nicolas, Braeutigam, Maximilian, Carbone, Lea Roberta, D'Amario, Luca, Fan, Ke, Farre, Yoann, Narbey, Stephanie, Oswald, Frederic, Stevens, Lee A., Parmenter, Christopher D. J., Fay, Michael W., La Torre, Alessandro, Snape, Colin E., Dietzek, Benjamin, Dini, Danilo, Hammarström, Leif, Pellegrin, Yann, Odobel, Fabrice, Sun, Licheng, Artero, Vincent, Gibson, Elizabeth A., Wood, Christopher J., Summers, Gareth H., Clark, Charlotte A., Kaeffer, Nicolas, Braeutigam, Maximilian, Carbone, Lea Roberta, D'Amario, Luca, Fan, Ke, Farre, Yoann, Narbey, Stephanie, Oswald, Frederic, Stevens, Lee A., Parmenter, Christopher D. J., Fay, Michael W., La Torre, Alessandro, Snape, Colin E., Dietzek, Benjamin, Dini, Danilo, Hammarström, Leif, Pellegrin, Yann, Odobel, Fabrice, Sun, Licheng, Artero, Vincent, and Gibson, Elizabeth A.
Abstract: We investigated a range of different mesoporous NiO electrodes prepared by different research groups and private firms in Europe to determine the parameters which influence good quality photoelectrochemical devices. This benchmarking study aims to solve some of the discrepancies in the literature regarding the performance of p-DSCs due to differences in the quality of the device fabrication. The information obtained will lay the foundation for future photocatalytic systems based on sensitized NiO so that new dyes and catalysts can be tested with a standardized material. The textural and electrochemical properties of the semiconducting material are key to the performance of photocathodes. We found that both commercial and non-commercial NiO gave promising solar cell and water-splitting devices. The NiO samples which had the two highest solar cell efficiency (0.145% and 0.089%) also gave the best overall theoretical H-2 conversion., QC 20160531
Published: 2016
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190. TechCare: mobile assessment and therapy for psychosis - an intervention for clients in the Early Intervention Service: A feasibility study protocol

Author: Husain, Nusrat, Gire, Nadeem, Kelly, James, Duxbury, Joy, Mckeown, Michael, Riley, Miv, Taylor, Christopher D J, Taylor, Peter J, Emsley, Richard, Farooq, Saeed, Caton, Neil, Naeem, Farooq, Kingdon, David, Chaudhry, Imran, Husain, Nusrat, Gire, Nadeem, Kelly, James, Duxbury, Joy, Mckeown, Michael, Riley, Miv, Taylor, Christopher D J, Taylor, Peter J, Emsley, Richard, Farooq, Saeed, Caton, Neil, Naeem, Farooq, Kingdon, David, and Chaudhry, Imran
Abstract: Objectives: Technological advances in healthcare have shown promise when delivering interventions for mental health problems such as psychosis. The aim of this project is to develop a mobile phone intervention for people with psychosis and to conduct a feasibility study of the TechCare App. Methods: The TechCare App will assess participant’s symptoms and respond with a personalised guided self-help-based psychological intervention with the aim of exploring feasibility and acceptability. The project will recruit 16 service users and 8–10 health professionals from the Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust Early Intervention Service. Results: In strand 1 of the study, we will invite people to discuss their experience of psychosis and give their opinions on the existing evidence-based treatment (cognitive behavioural therapy) and how the mobile app can be developed. In strand 2, we will complete a test run with a small number of participants (n = 4) to refine the mobile intervention (TechCare). Finally, in strand 3 of the study, the TechCare App will be examined in a feasibility study with 12 participants. Conclusion: It has been suggested that there is a need for a rapid increase in the efforts to develop the evidence base for the clinical effectiveness of digital technologies, considering mHealth research can potentially be helpful in addressing the demand on mental health services globally.
Published: 2016

191. TechCare:mobile assessment and therapy for psychosis – an intervention for clients in the Early Intervention Service: A feasibility study protocol.

Author: Husain, Nusrat, Gire, Nadeem, Kelly, James Andrew, Duxbury, Joy, McKeown, Mick, Riley, Miv, Taylor, Christopher, D. J., Taylor, Peter J, Emsley, Richard, Farooq, Saeed, Caton, Neil, Naeem, Farooq, Kingdon, David, Chaudry, Imran, Husain, Nusrat, Gire, Nadeem, Kelly, James Andrew, Duxbury, Joy, McKeown, Mick, Riley, Miv, Taylor, Christopher, D. J., Taylor, Peter J, Emsley, Richard, Farooq, Saeed, Caton, Neil, Naeem, Farooq, Kingdon, David, and Chaudry, Imran
Abstract: Objectives: Technological advances in healthcare have shown promise when delivering interventions for mental health problems such as psychosis. The aim of this project is to develop a mobile phone intervention for people with psychosis and to conduct a feasibility study of the TechCare App. Methods: The TechCare App will assess participant’s symptoms and respond with a personalised guided self-help-based psychological intervention with the aim of exploring feasibility and acceptability. The project will recruit 16 service users and 8–10 health professionals from the Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust Early Intervention Service. Results: In strand 1 of the study, we will invite people to discuss their experience of psychosis and give their opinions on the existing evidence-based treatment (cognitive behavioural therapy) and how the mobile app can be developed. In strand 2, we will complete a test run with a small number of participants (n = 4) to refine the mobile intervention (TechCare). Finally, in strand 3 of the study, the TechCare App will be examined in a feasibility study with 12 participants. Conclusion: It has been suggested that there is a need for a rapid increase in the efforts to develop the evidence base for the clinical effectiveness of digital technologies, considering mHealth research can potentially be helpful in addressing the demand on mental health services globally.
Published: 2016

192. Does schema therapy change schemas and symptoms? A systematic review across mental health disorders

Author: Taylor, Christopher D. J., primary, Bee, Penny, additional, and Haddock, Gillian, additional
Published: 2016
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193. Upper Limb Evaluation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Fat-Water Quantification by MRI, Muscle Force and Function Define Endpoints for Clinical Trials

Author: Ricotti, Valeria, primary, Evans, Matthew R. B., additional, Sinclair, Christopher D. J., additional, Butler, Jordan W., additional, Ridout, Deborah A., additional, Hogrel, Jean-Yves, additional, Emira, Ahmed, additional, Morrow, Jasper M., additional, Reilly, Mary M., additional, Hanna, Michael G., additional, Janiczek, Robert L., additional, Matthews, Paul M., additional, Yousry, Tarek A., additional, Muntoni, Francesco, additional, and Thornton, John S., additional
Published: 2016
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194. The diagnostic utility of line probe assays for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Author: Ninan, Marilyn M, primary, Gowri, Mahasampath, additional, Christopher, D. J., additional, Rupali, Priscilla, additional, and Michael, Joy S., additional
Published: 2016
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195. Digital inclusion: The concept and strategies for people with mental health difficulties

Author: Neil Caton, Nadeem Gire, Nusrat Husain, Saeed Farooq, Christopher D. J. Taylor, and Myfanwy Riley
Subjects: Employment, Internet, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychotherapist, Social Determinants of Health, Social Support, General Medicine, Mental health, Digital Divide, Education, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mental Health, Social Marginalization, medicine, Humans, Smartphone, Psychiatry, Psychology, Digital inclusion
Published: 2015
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196. Stability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in prebiotic edible films

Author: Christopher D. J. Parmenter, Christos Soukoulis, Solmaz Behboudi-Jobbehdar, Ian D. Fisk, and Lina Yonekura
Subjects: Survival, Synbiotics, medicine.medical_treatment, Short Communication, Inulin, Oligosaccharides, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Probiotic, Drug Delivery Systems, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, law, Glycerol, medicine, Food science, Glucans, Drug Carriers, biology, Polydextrose, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Prebiotic, Probiotics, food and beverages, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Edible films, Prebiotics, chemistry, Edible Films, Probiotics, Synbiotics, Survival, Encapsulation, Encapsulation, Drug carrier, Food Science
Abstract: Highlights • The concept of prebiotic gelatine based edible films containing probiotics is presented. • Prebiotic edible films effectively protected L. rhamnosus GG. • Inulin and wheat fibre improved the storage stability of L. rhamnosus GG. • Glucose-oligosaccharides and polydextrose reduced lethality during air drying. • Prebiotics resulted in a more compact, less porous and reticular film structure., The concept of prebiotic edible films as effective vehicles for encapsulating probiotic living cells is presented. Four soluble fibres (inulin, polydextrose, glucose-oligosaccharides and wheat dextrin) were selected as prebiotic co-components of gelatine based matrices plasticised with glycerol and used for the immobilisation of Lactobacillusrhamnosus GG. The addition of prebiotics was associated with a more compact and uniform film structure, with no detectable interspaces or micropores; probiotic inclusion did not significantly change the structure of the films. Glucose-oligosaccharides and polydextrose significantly enhanced L. rhamnosus GG viability during air drying (by 300% and 75%, respectively), whilst a 33% and 80% reduction in viable counts was observed for inulin and wheat dextrin. Contrarily, inulin was the most effective at controlling the sub-lethal effects on L. rhamnosus GG during storage. However, in all cases the supplementation of edible films with prebiotics ameliorated the storage stability of L. rhamnosus GG.
Published: 2014

197. Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2I: A Multinational Cross-Sectional Study

Author: Tracey A Willis, Kieren G Hollingsworth, Anna Coombs, Marie-Louise Sveen, Soren Andersen, Tanya Stojkovic, Michelle Eagle, Anna Mayhew, Paulo Loureiro de Sousa, Liz Dewar, Jasper M Morrow, Christopher D J Sinclair, John S Thornton, Kate Bushby, Hanns Lochmuller, Michael G Hanna, Jean-Yves Hogrel, Pierre G Carlier, John Vissing, and Volker Straub
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Clinical Research Design, Epidemiology, Adipose Tissue, White, lcsh:Medicine, Neuroimaging, Diagnostic Radiology, Sex Factors, Diagnostic Medicine, Pathology, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Pentosyltransferases, lcsh:Science, Muscle, Skeletal, lcsh:R, Proteins, Neuromuscular Diseases, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Europe, Biomarker Epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Neurology, Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle, Mutation, Medicine, lcsh:Q, Female, Radiology, Biomarkers, Research Article, General Pathology, Test Evaluation
Abstract: We conducted a prospective multinational study of muscle pathology using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2I (LGMD2I). Thirty eight adult ambulant LGMD2I patients (19 male; 19 female) with genetically identical mutations (c.826C>A) in the fukutin-related protein (FKRP) gene were recruited. In each patient, T1-weighted (T1w) imaging was assessed by qualitative grading for 15 individual lower limb muscles and quantitative Dixon imaging was analysed on 14 individual lower limb muscles by region of interest analysis. We described the pattern and appearance of muscle pathology and gender differences, not previously reported for LGMD2I. Diffuse fat infiltration of the gastrocnemii muscles was demonstrated in females, whereas in males fat infiltration was more prominent in the medial than the lateral gastrocnemius (p = 0.05). In the anterior thigh of males, in contrast to females, median fat infiltration in the vastus medialis muscle (45.7%) exceeded that in the vastus lateralis muscle (11.2%) (p
Published: 2014

198. Quantitative Muscle MRI as an Assessment Tool for Monitoring Disease Progression in LGMD2I: A Multicentre Longitudinal Study

Author: Kate Bushby, Kieren G. Hollingsworth, Tracey Willis, L. Dewar, Pierre G. Carlier, Michelle Eagle, Jean-Yves Hogrel, Michael G. Hanna, Marie-Louise Sveen, Paulo Loureiro de Sousa, Christopher D. J. Sinclair, Hanns Lochmüller, John Vissing, Anna Mayhew, John S. Thornton, Søren Peter Andersen, Volker Straub, Anna Coombs, Tanya Stojkovic, and Jasper M. Morrow
Subjects: Male, Longitudinal study, Anatomy and Physiology, lcsh:Medicine, Adipose tissue, Muscular Dystrophies, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Diagnostic Radiology, 0302 clinical medicine, Pathology, Longitudinal Studies, Young adult, Muscular dystrophy, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, Muscles, Neuromuscular Diseases, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurology, Adipose Tissue, Cohort, Disease Progression, Medicine, Female, Radiology, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Drugs and Devices, Drug Research and Development, Adolescent, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Diagnostic Medicine, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Genetics, Humans, Biology, Clinical Genetics, business.industry, lcsh:R, Disease progression, Magnetic resonance imaging, Human Genetics, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle, Physical therapy, lcsh:Q, business, Physiological Processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers, General Pathology, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background: Outcome measures for clinical trials in neuromuscular diseases are typically based on physical assessments which are dependent on patient effort, combine the effort of different muscle groups, and may not be sensitive to progression over short trial periods in slow-progressing diseases. We hypothesised that quantitative fat imaging by MRI (Dixon technique) could provide more discriminating quantitative, patient-independent measurements of the progress of muscle fat replacement within individual muscle groups. Objective: To determine whether quantitative fat imaging could measure disease progression in a cohort of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2I (LGMD2I) patients over a 12 month period. Methods: 32 adult patients (17 male;15 female) from 4 European tertiary referral centres with the homozygous c.826C.A mutation in the fukutin-related protein gene (FKRP) completed baseline and follow up measurements 12 months later. Quantitative fat imaging was performed and muscle fat fraction change was compared with (i) muscle strength and function assessed using standardized physical tests and (ii) standard T1-weighted MRI graded on a 6 point scale. Results: There was a significant increase in muscle fat fraction in 9 of the 14 muscles analyzed using the quantitative MRI technique from baseline to 12 months follow up. Changes were not seen in the conventional longitudinal physical assessments or in qualitative scoring of the T1w images. Conclusions: Quantitative muscle MRI, using the Dixon technique, could be used as an important longitudinal outcome measure to assess muscle pathology and monitor therapeutic efficacy in patients with LGMD2I.
Published: 2013

199. Clean Block Copolymer Microparticles from Supercritical CO2: Universal Templates for the Facile and Scalable Fabrication of Hierarchical Mesostructured Metal Oxides.

Author: Bennett, Thomas M., He, Guping, Larder, Ryan R., Fischer, Michael G., Rance, Graham A., Fay, Michael W., Pearce, Amanda K., Parmenter, Christopher D. J., Steiner, Ullrich, and Howdle, Steven M.
Published: 2018
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200. Validation of MRC Centre MRI calf muscle fat fraction protocol as an outcome measure in CMT1A.

Author: Morrow, Jasper M., Evans, Matthew R. B., Grider, Tiffany, Sinclair, Christopher D. J., Thedens, Daniel, Shah, Sachit, Yousry, Tarek A., Habil, Med, Hanna, Michael G., Nopoulos, Peggy, Thornton, John S., Shy, Michael E., and Reilly, Mary M.
Published: 2018
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