Search

In order to effectively quantify the uncertainty of PV power and improve the forecasting accuracy, a day-ahead interval forecasting method of PV power based on multi-correlation parameter scenarios generation is proposed. The historical PV power data is divided into a limited set of scenarios representing different output and fluctuation characteristics through the K-means clustering algorithm; Combined with the strong correlation feature parameters determined by the correlation coefficient, the characteristic curves of PV power and multi-correlation parameter in different scenarios are generated through the deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGAN) model; The average value of each characteristic curve and other explanatory variables are input together into a quantile regression long short-term memory (QRLSTM) model to achieve day-ahead PV power forecasting, and obtain the forecasting interval under different confidence levels. The results of the experiment of a PV power station in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China show that the forecasting performance of the proposed method under different evaluation indicators is 17.9755% and 18.1571% higher than that of the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model and the single QRLSTM model, respectively, which has obvious advantages.

Sodium ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) are regarded as advanced power supply systems. Nevertheless, the kinetics imbalance of cathode and anode suppresses the further performance improvement of SIHCs. The carbonaceous anode materials are promising and many strategies have been utilized to increase the capacity of sloping region or accelerate the reaction rate of plateau region. However, it is still challenging to simultaneously realize high mesopore/micropore volume ratio, large interlayer distance (>0.37 nm), and abundant and favorable heteroatoms-doping by a simple method. Herein, we report N, P, O ternary-doped mesoporous carbon (PNPOC-T, T = 700, 800 or 900) with large interlayer distance (∼0.4 nm) as anode materials. The PNPOC-T were prepared by a simple in-situ polymerization of aniline and phytic acid on the exfoliated graphitic nitrogen carbide (g-C3N4) and subsequent carbonization. The obtained PNPOC-800 exhibits an excellent rate performance (101.5 mA·h ·g−1 at 20 A·g−1), which can be attributed to the high surface-controlled capacitive behavior ratio and rapid ion diffusion. The optimum SIHCs display a high energy density of 105.48 W·h·kg−1 and a high power density of 13.59 kW·kg−1. Furthermore, the capacitance retention rate of SIHCs can reach 87.43% after 9 000 cycles at 1 A·g−1.

Van der Waals materials are characterized by two dimensional layers weakly held together by interlayer van der Waals forces. Here, the authors study how shear motions between these layers influence the magnetic properties of the van der Waals antiferromagnets FePS3, MnPS3, and NiPS3. ‘

The interior defect-induced crack initiation mechanism and early growth behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has been investigated in very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime. P–S–N curves under 10% and 90% failure probabilities are obtained in VHCF regime. The cracks inside the early stages of fine granular area (FGA) formation are driven by the maximum shear stress and propagate as Mode II + III mixed cracks. It can be found that the FGA region is composed of many discontinuous nanograins for Ti6Al4V alloys manufactured by LPBF, which are responsible for grain refinement. Grain refinement is associated with dislocation movement within the martensite laths. Dislocation pileup and rearrangement in martensitic laths form dislocation cells, which further develop into nanograins and low angle boundaries. Besides, both the fatigue loading process and the LPBF process form their respective microvoids, which merge and aggregate with each other, thus accelerating the microcrack extension.

D-tryptophan is a special kind of nonprotein amino acid showing multiple physiological functions, but the detailed mechanisms are not fully revealed, impairing its further development and applications. This work was to investigate D-tryptophan physiological function and demonstrate the underlying mechanisms. D-tryptophan suppressed HaCaT cell proliferation but increased cell migration. Specifically, D-tryptophan decreased E-cadherin and increased Snail, Twist, and Slug expression, resulting in the development of an epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) phenomenon. Moreover, D-tryptophan promoted the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 1, and Smad4 knockout damages D-tryptophan's ability. These results indicated that D-tryptophan stimulated HaCaT cells to produce TGF-β1 and thus activated the TGF-β/Samd pathway, resulting in the triggering of EMT. This study revealed the molecular mechanisms of D-tryptophan activity, provided D-tryptophan as a potential approach for cancer treatment, wound healing, organ development and other relevant applications.

Objectives Understanding the occupational characteristics of patients is not only related to patients' life and health, but also conducive to improving their happiness. However, there were no studies that had been conducted on the relationship between occupation characteristic and postoperative recovery in patients with spinal fractures. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the occupation characteristics of patients with thoracolumbar fracture and the characteristics of disease injury, treatment, and recovery so as to reduce the incidence and improve postoperative rehabilitation. Methods Patients (n = 719) with thoracolumbar fractures were recruited. Patients were grouped according to the characteristic of occupations: unemployed group (n = 299), white‐collar worker group (n = 20), and blue‐collar worker group (n = 400). Data were collected, including the characteristics, injury and treatment information, and the recovery records for 1 year after operation. One‐way ANOVA analysis, χ2 test, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship among these factors. Results Male, high‐falling injuries and single segment injury (mainly T 11, T 12 and L2) were common in patients with thoracolumbar fractures, especially in the blue‐collar worker group (70.8%, 78.3%, and 85.4%). Compared with the unemployed group, the patients in the white‐collar worker group and blue‐collar worker group had a higher proportion of young patients, a higher height and weight, a lesser rate of hypertension or diabetes. One week after injury, 73.4% of patients underwent surgery, with the blue‐collar worker group accounted for the largest proportion. One month after surgery, 77.1% of patients were able to get out of bed, with the white‐collar worker group accounted for the largest proportion. In the postoperative recovery information, patients in the blue‐collar worker group were more likely to have severe low back pain (OR = 2.023, 95% CI: 1.440‐2.284) and pain‐disturbed sleep (OR = 2.287, 95% CI: 1.585‐3.299) than those who in the unemployed group. Conclusions Blue‐collar workers, with a high risk of thoracolumbar fracture, have a higher incidence of low back leg pain and pain‐disturbed sleep in the recovery after thoracolumbar fracture surgery, and this requires more attention.

Abstract Acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) combined with foreign matter retention is rare in the clinic, which causes less literature reported, browsed, and analyzed. A 36‐year‐old male was rushed to our institution due to an attack on the back. His superficial sensation below the nipple had disappeared (mainly in the left breast), the proprioception of both lower limbs was obviously decreased, and the muscle strength of the left lower limb was level 0 and that of the right lower limb was level 3. Computed tomography of the thoracic vertebrae showed that the dagger had completely pierced into the T9 vertebral body and the spinal canal. Prehospital transport: the spinal cord may be injured again due to the movement of the remaining foreign matter and the posture of the patients while they are being transported. Pathophysiology: the incidence of incomplete SCI is higher than that of other types of SCI. Imaging examination: magnetic resonance imaging might cause unexpected secondary injuries. Treatments: surgical intervention including removal of foreign matter and decompression is an essential and important measure for recovery of neurological function. Patients could benefit from administration of methylprednisolone.

Abstract Background The pathophysiological mechanisms of aggression are manifold and they may closely interconnect. Current study aimed to determine the gut microbiota and its metabolites, and clarify their correlations with inflammation, oxidation, leaky gut and clinical profiles underlying aggression in schizophrenia (ScZ). Methods Serum and stool specimens from ScZ inpatients with (ScZ-Ag, 25 cases) and without aggression (NScZ-Ag, 25 cases) were collected. Systemic inflammation, oxidation and leaky gut biomarkers were determined by ELISA, gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and neurotransmitters by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry analysis. Results Significantly higher systemic pro-inflammation, pro-oxidation and leaky gut biomarkers were observed in ScZ-Ag than NScZ-Ag group (all P

Abstract Structural topology constraints in topology optimization are an important research topic. The structural topology is characterized by the topological invariance of the number of holes. The holes of a structure in 3D space can be classified as internally enclosed holes and external through-holes (or tunnels). The genus is the number of tunnels. This article proposes the quotient set design variable method (QSDV) to implement the inequality constraint on the maximum genus allowed in an optimized structure for 3D structural topology optimization. The principle of the QSDV is to classify the changing design variables according to the connectivity of the elements in a structure to obtain the quotient set and update the corresponding elements in the quotient set to meet the topological constraint. Based on the standard relaxation algorithm discrete variable topology optimization method (DVTOCRA), the effectiveness of the QSDV is illustrated in numerical examples of a 3D cantilever beam.

Abstract Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) mediate the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to facilitate carcinogenesis and development of various types of cancers. However, the role of circRNAs in regulating macrophages in prostate cancer (PCa) remains uncertain. Methods Differentially expressed circRNAs in PCa were identified by RNA sequencing. The expression of circSMARCC1 was recognized and evaluated using fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR. The oncogenic role of circSMARCC1 in PCa tumor proliferation and metastasis was investigated through a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. Finally, Western blot, biotin-labeled RNA pulldown, luciferase assay, rescue experiments, and co-culture experiments with TAMs were conducted to reveal the mechanistic role of circSMARCC1. Results CircSMARCC1 was dramatically up-regulated in PCa cells, plasma and tissues. Overexpression of circSMARCC1 promotes tumor proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, whereas knockdown of circSMARCC1 exerts the opposite effects. Mechanistically, circSMARCC1 regulates the expression of CC-chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) via sponging miR-1322 and activate PI3K-Akt signaling pathway involved in the proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transformation. More importantly, high expression of circSMARCC1 was positively associated with colonization of CD68+/CD163+/CD206+ TAMs in tumor microenvironment. In addition, overexpression of circSMARCC1 facilitates the expression of CD163 in macrophages through the CCL20-CCR6 axis, induces TAMs infiltration and M2 polarization, thereby leading to PCa progression. Conclusions CircSMARCC1 up-regulates the chemokine CCL20 secretion by sponging miR-1322, which is involved in the crosstalk between tumor cells and TAMs by targeting CCL20/CCR6 signaling to promote progression of PCa.

Abstract About 30% of the world’s primary energy consumption is in friction. The economic losses caused by friction energy dissipation and wear account for about 2%–7% of its gross domestic product (GDP) for different countries every year. The key to reducing energy consumption is to control the way of energy dissipation in the friction process. However, due to many various factors affecting friction and the lack of efficient detection methods, the energy dissipation mechanism in friction is still a challenging problem. Here, we firstly introduce the classical microscopic mechanism of friction energy dissipation, including phonon dissipation, electron dissipation, and non-contact friction energy dissipation. Then, we attempt to summarize the ultrafast friction energy dissipation and introduce the high-resolution friction energy dissipation detection system, since the origin of friction energy dissipation is essentially related to the ultrafast dynamics of excited electrons and phonons. Finally, the application of friction energy dissipation in representative high-end equipment is discussed, and the potential economic saving is predicted.

Carbon nitride catalysts with positively charged surfaces and abundant −NH2 are found to be effective photocatalysts for dihydropyrazole synthesis. A surface-mediated mechanism where deprotonated intermediates interact with the surface is proposed.

Abstract Host organisms use different innate immune mechanisms to defend against pathogenic infections, while tight control of innate immunity is essential for proper immune induction and balance. Here, we reported that apoptotic induction or caspase-3 overexpression caused dramatic reduction of differently triggered cytokine signalings in human cells, murine primary cells and mouse model, while the loss of caspase-3 or inhibiting apoptosis markedly enhances these immune signalings. Furthermore, caspase-3 can mediate the cleavage of NF-κB members p65/RelA, RelB, and c-Rel via its protease activity. And the caspase-3-resistant p65/RelA, RelB, or c-Rel mutant mostly restored the caspase-3-induced suppression of cytokine production. Interestingly, we further uncovered that apoptotic induction also dramatically inhibited Toll immune signaling in Drosophila, and the Drosophila effector caspases, drICE and DCP-1, also mediated the degradation of DIF, the NF-κB of Toll signaling. Together, our findings demonstrate apoptotic effector caspases, including mammalian caspase-3 and fly drICE/DCP-1, can function as repressors of NF-κB-mediated innate immune signalings.

Abstract Tumor starvation induced by intratumor glucose depletion emerges as a promising strategy for anticancer therapy. However, its antitumor potencies are severely compromised by intrinsic tumor hypoxia, low delivery efficiencies, and undesired off‐target toxicity. Herein, a multifunctional cascade bioreactor (HCG), based on the self‐assembly of pH‐responsive hydroxyethyl starch prodrugs, copper ions, and glucose oxidase (GOD), is engineered, empowered by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) for efficient cooperative therapy against aggressive breast cancers. Once internalized by tumor cells, HCG undergoes disassembly and releases cargoes in response to acidic tumor microenvironment. Subsequently, HBO activates GOD‐catalyzed oxidation of glucose to H2O2 and gluconic acid by ameliorating tumor hypoxia, fueling copper‐catalyzed •OH generation and pH‐responsive drug release. Meanwhile, HBO degrades dense tumor extracellular matrix, promoting tumor accumulation and penetration of HCG. Moreover, along with the consumption of glucose and the redox reaction of copper ions, the antioxidant capacity of tumor cells is markedly reduced, collectively boosting oxidative stress. As a result, the combination of HCG and HBO can not only remarkably suppress the growth of orthotopic breast tumors but also restrain pulmonary metastases by inhibiting cancer stem cells. Considering the clinical accessibility of HBO, this combined strategy holds significant translational potentials for GOD‐based therapies.

IntroductionGrowth-retarded lambs would reduce the economic incomes of sheep farming. Nutritional interventions are supposed to promote gastrointestinal health and the compensatory growth of growth-retarded lambs. This study evaluated the effects of probiotic supplementation on the growth performance, plasma characteristics and ruminal bacterial community of growth-retarded lambs.MethodsTwenty-four 50-days old male Hu lambs, including 8 healthy lambs (13.2 ± 1.17 kg) and 16 growth-retarded lambs (9.46 ± 0.81 kg), were used in this study. The 8 healthy lambs were fed the basal diet and considered the positive control (GN), and the other 16 growth-retarded lambs were randomly assigned into 2 groups (basal diet without probiotic [negative control, GR] and basal diet supplementation with 1 g/kg concentrate feed probiotic [GRP]), with each group having 4 replicate pens. The feeding trial lasted for 60 days with 7 days for adaptation.ResultsThe results showed that dietary supplementation with probiotic increased (p < 0.05) the average daily gain and dry matter intake of growth-retarded lambs. For growth-retarded lambs, supplementation with probiotic increased (p < 0.05) the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the concentrations of growth hormone and immunoglobulin G. Furthermore, the highest (p < 0.05) concentrations of interleukin-6, interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha were observed in the GR group. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and acetate in growth-retarded lambs were increased by probiotic supplementation (p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Ruminococcus, Succiniclasticum and Acidaminococcus were lower (p < 0.05) in growth-retarded lambs. However, probiotic supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the relative abundances of these three genera.DiscussionThese results indicate that dietary supplementation with probiotic are promising strategies for improving the growth performance of growth-retarded lambs by enhancing immunity and altering the ruminal microbiota.

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and remains a major health threat worldwide. However, a detailed understanding of the immune cells and inflammatory mediators in Mtb-infected tissues is still lacking. Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), which is characterized by an influx of immune cells to the pleural space, is thus a suitable platform for dissecting complex tissue responses to Mtb infection.MethodsWe employed singe-cell RNA sequencing to 10 pleural fluid (PF) samples from 6 patients with TPE and 4 non-TPEs including 2 samples from patients with TSPE (transudative pleural effusion) and 2 samples with MPE (malignant pleural effusion).ResultCompared to TSPE and MPE, TPE displayed obvious difference in the abundance of major cell types (e.g., NK, CD4+T, Macrophages), which showed notable associations with disease type. Further analyses revealed that the CD4 lymphocyte population in TPE favored a Th1 and Th17 response. Tumor necrosis factors (TNF)-, and XIAP related factor 1 (XAF1)-pathways induced T cell apoptosis in patients with TPE. Immune exhaustion in NK cells was an important feature in TPE. Myeloid cells in TPE displayed stronger functional capacity for phagocytosis, antigen presentation and IFN-γ response, than TSPE and MPE. Systemic elevation of inflammatory response genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were mainly driven by macrophages in patients with TPE.ConclusionWe provide a tissue immune landscape of PF immune cells, and revealed a distinct local immune response in TPE and non-TPE (TSPE and MPE). These findings will improve our understanding of local TB immunopathogenesis and provide potential targets for TB therapy.

Abstract MnTe has been considered a promising candidate for lead‐free mid‐temperature range thermoelectric clean energy conversions. However, the widespread use of this technology is constrained by the relatively low‐cost performance of materials. Developing environmentally friendly thermoelectrics with high performance and earth‐abundant elements is thus an urgent task. MnTe is a candidate, yet a peak ZT of 1.4 achieved so far is less satisfactory. Here, a remarkably high ZT of 1.6 at 873 K in MnTe system is realized by facilitating multiple valence band convergence and localized lattice engineering. It is demonstrated that SbGe incorporation promotes the convergence of multiple electronic valence bands in MnTe. Simultaneously, the carrier concentration can be optimized by SbGeS alloying, which significantly enhances the power factor. Simultaneously, MnS nanorods combined with dislocations and lattice distortions lead to strong phonon scattering, resulting in a markedly low lattice thermal conductivity(κlat) of 0.54 W m K−1, quite close to the amorphous limit. As a consequence, extraordinary thermoelectric performance is achieved by decoupling electron and phonon transport. The vast increase in ZT promotes MnTe as an emerging Pb‐free thermoelectric compound for a wide range of applications in waste heat recovery and power generation.

From national development to daily life, electric energy is integral to people’s lives. Although the development of electricity should be expected, expansion without restriction will only result in energy waste. The forecasting of electricity load plays an important role in the adjustment of power enterprises’ strategies and the stability of power operation. Recently, the electricity-related data acquisition system has been perfected, and the available load information has gradually reached the minute level. This means that the related load series lengthens and the time and spatial information of load become increasingly complex. In this paper, a load forecasting model based on multilayer dilated long and short-term memory neural network is established. The model uses a multilayer dilated structure to extract load information from long series and to extract information from different dimensions. Moreover, the attention mechanism is used to make the model pay closer attention to the key information in the series as an intermediate variable. Such structures can greatly alleviate the loss in the extraction of long time series information and make use of more valid historical information for future load forecasting. The proposed model is validated using two real datasets. According to load forecasting curves, error curve, and related indices, the proposed method is more accurate and stable in electricity load forecasting than the comparison methods.

Precipitation forecasting is crucial for warning systems and disaster management. This study focuses on deep learning-based methods and categorizes them into three categories: Recurrent Neural Network (RNN-RNN-RNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN-CNN-CNN), and CNN-RNN-CNN methods. Then, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of typical methods in these three categories using the SEVIR precipitation dataset. The results show that RNN-RNN-RNN suffers from instability in long-term forecasts due to error accumulation, CNN-CNN-CNN struggles to capture temporal signals but produces relatively stable forecasts, and CNN-RNN-CNN significantly increases model complexity and inherits the drawbacks of RNN, leading to worse forecasts. Here, we propose an advanced lightweight precipitation forecasting model (ALPF) based on CNN. Experimental results demonstrate that ALPF can effectively forecast spatial-temporal features, maintaining CNN’s feature extraction capabilities while avoiding error accumulation in RNN’s propagation. ALPF achieves long-term stable precipitation forecasts and can better capture large precipitation amounts.

Photocatalytic hydrogen generation via water decomposition is a promising avenue in the pursuit of large-scale, cost-effective renewable hydrogen energy generation. However, the design of an efficient photocatalyst plays a crucial role in achieving high yields in hydrogen generation. Herein, we have engineered a fullerene-2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa(octyloxy)copper phthalocyanine (C60-CuPcOC8) photocatalyst, achieving both efficient hydrogen generation and high stability. The significant donor–acceptor (D–A) interactions facilitate the efficient electron transfer from CuPcOC8 to C60. The rate of photocatalytic hydrogen generation for C60-CuPcOC8 is 8.32 mmol·g−1·h−1, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the individual C60 and CuPcOC8. The remarkable increase in hydrogen generation activity can be attributed to the development of a robust internal electric field within the C60-CuPcOC8 assembly. It is 16.68 times higher than that of the pure CuPcOC8. The strong internal electric field facilitates the rapid separation within 0.6 ps, enabling photogenerated charge transfer efficiently. Notably, the hydrogen generation efficiency of C60-CuPcOC8 remains above 95%, even after 10 h, showing its exceptional photocatalytic stability. This study provides critical insight into advancing the field of photocatalysis.

We evaluated an active participatory design for the regional surveillance of notifiable swine pathogens based on testing 10 samples collected by farm personnel in each participating farm. To evaluate the performance of the design, public domain software was used to simulate the introduction and spread of a pathogen among 17,521 farms in a geographic region of 1,615,246 km2. Using the simulated pathogen spread data, the probability of detecting ≥ 1 positive farms in the region was estimated as a function of the percent of participating farms (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%), farm-level detection probability (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%), and regional farm-level prevalence. At 0.1% prevalence (18 positive farms among 17,521 farms) and a farm-level detection probability of 30%, the participatory surveillance design achieved 67%, 90%, and 97% probability of detecting ≥ 1 positive farms in the region when producer participation was 20%, 40%, and 60%, respectively. The cost analysis assumed that 10 individual pig samples per farm would be pooled into 2 samples (5 pigs each) for testing. Depending on the specimen collected (serum or swab sample) and test format (nucleic acid or antibody detection), the cost per round of sampling ranged from EUR 0.017 to EUR 0.032 (USD 0.017 to USD 0.034) per pig in the region. Thus, the analysis suggested that an active regional participatory surveillance design could achieve detection at low prevalence and at a sustainable cost.

High-resolution precipitation products have been crucial for hydrology, meteorology, and environmental ecosystems over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, these products are usually subject to systematic errors, which may vary with time and topographic conditions. The study evaluated the suitability of four satellite-derived products (GPM IMERG, GSMaP, CMORPH, and PERSIANN-CDR) and four fusion precipitation products (ERA5-Land, CHIRPS, CMFD, and TPHiPr) by comparing with 22 rain gauges at a daily scale from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018 over the hinterland of the TP. The main findings are as follows: (1) TPHiPr and CMFD are better than the satellite-derived products, while the performance of CHIRPS is worse; (2) among the satellite-derived products, the quality of GPM IMERG is the highest on different time scales, and PERSIANN-CDR is better in the months of June to October, while GSMaP and CMORPH have poor performance; (3) the eight precipitation products have weaker detection capability for heavy precipitation events, and the quality of each product decreases with the increase in the precipitation threshold, while the rate of descent of fusion precipitation products is slower than that of satellite-derived products. This study demonstrates the performance of eight precipitation products over the hinterland of the TP, which is expected to provide valuable information for hydrometeorology applications.

This paper developed a deep learning (DL) model for forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) intensity in the Northwest Pacific. A dataset containing 20 533 synchronized and collocated samples was assembled, which included ERA5 reanalysis data as well as satellite infrared (IR) imagery, covering the period from 1979 to 2021. The u -, v - and w -components of wind, sea surface temperature, IR satellite imagery, and historical TC information were selected as the model inputs. Then, a TC-intensity-forecast-fusion (TCIF-fusion) model was developed, in which two special branches were designed to learn multi-factor information to forecast 24 h TC intensity. Finally, heatmaps capturing the model’s insights are generated and applied to the original input data, creating an enhanced input set that results in more accurate forecasting. Employing this refined input, the heatmaps (model knowledge) were used to guide TCIF-fusion model modeling, and the model-knowledge-guided TCIF-fusion model achieved a 24 h forecast error of 3.56 m s ^−1 for Northwest Pacific TCs spanning 2020–2021. The results show that the performance of our method is significantly better than the official subjective prediction and advanced DL methods in forecasting TC intensity by 4% to 22%. Additionally, compared to operational approaches, model-guided knowledge methods can better forecast the intensity of landfalling TCs.

Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) are widely recognized for their potential as anode materials in the development of flexible lithium-ion capacitors (FLICs) owing to their high theoretical capacity. However, their practical application has been significantly limited by rapid capacity decay and sluggish kinetics associated with TMS volume variation. In response to these challenges, we have prepared ZnS/CuS nanoparticles embedded in continuous and multichannel carbon fibers (CFs). This was achieved through a process involving blow-spinning and subsequent sulfidation. Notably, the electrochemical performance of these materials was largely improved, owing to the synergistic effect of bimetallic sulfides. The ZnS/CuS-CF anode material demonstrated a high specific capacity of over 900 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1. Furthermore, it exhibited superior rate capacity (300 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1) and excellent cyclic stability, maintaining its performance over 1000 cycles at 10 A g−1. We also prepared lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) using the same method. These LICs exhibited a maximum energy density of 136 Wh kg−1, a high power density of 43.5 kW kg−1, and an impressive cyclic stability over 4000 cycles. In addition, the FLICs, when configured in the form of a pouch cell, demonstrated significant potential for the development of smart, flexible electronic devices.

The two-dimensional strip-packing problem (2D-SPP) emerges as a notable variant of the cutting and packing (C&P) problem, aiming to optimize the arrangement of small rectangular items within unique strips with a fixed width and infinite height to minimize the usage of height. Despite extensive academic exploration, applying 2D-SPP solutions in industrial settings remains challenging. Two significant issues, often overlooked in academia yet frequently encountered in industrial contexts, are the uncertain demand for items, exacerbated by the bullwhip effect, and the need for diverse types of strips to cater to varying customer needs. Our paper addresses this academia–industry gap by proposing a robust optimization model for the uncertain 2D-SPP with variable-sized bins, aiming to manage the demand fluctuations within a box uncertainty set framework. Additionally, we employ the contiguous one-dimensional relaxation technique in conjunction with column generation to tighten the lower bound of the problem, thereby augmenting solution accuracy. Furthermore, we leverage the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition to transform the model into a more tractable form, subsequently leading to an exact solution. Based on datasets from a real-life plastic-cutting company, comprehensive experiments validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed relaxation method and algorithm, showcasing the potential for an improved industrial application of 2D-SPP solutions.

Abstract Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a neurogenetic disorder characterized by bilateral calcified deposits in the brain. We previously identified that MYORG as the first pathogenic gene for autosomal recessive PFBC, and established a Myorg-KO mouse model. However, Myorg-KO mice developed brain calcifications until nine months of age, which limits their utility as a facile PFBC model system. Hence, whether there is another typical animal model for mimicking PFBC phenotypes in an early stage still remained unknown. In this study, we profiled the mRNA expression pattern of myorg in zebrafish, and used a morpholino-mediated blocking strategy to knockdown myorg mRNA at splicing and translation initiation levels. We observed multiple calcifications throughout the brain by calcein staining at 2–4 days post-fertilization in myorg-deficient zebrafish, and rescued the calcification phenotype by replenishing myorg cDNA. Overall, we built a novel model for PFBC via knockdown of myorg by antisense oligonucleotides in zebrafish, which could shorten the observation period and replenish the Myorg-KO mouse model phenotype in mechanistic and therapeutic studies.

Abstract Background Gingivobuccal complex (GBC) was a relatively new concept of oral subsite that was comprises of the upper and/or lower gingiva, gingival buccal sulcus, and adjacent buccal mucosa. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the GBC had a poor prognosis, with few studies analyzing this particular entity. The objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis and complications/sequalae of gingivobuccal complex cancer. Methods Between December 2014 and August 2019, a total of 122 patients diagnosed with primary gingivobuccal complex cancer in Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University were enrolled in the study. Through outpatient reviewed and telephone followed-up for 2-5 years postoperatively, postoperative relapse and complications/sequalae were assessed. The primary outcome parameter was 2-year disease-free survival. Results The most common central site of the tumor was the buccal mucosa (45.1%), followed by the lower gingiva (36.9%). The most diseases were pT4a (45.1%) and there was lymph node invasion (pN+) in 41.8% of patients. Moderate differentiated squamous carcinoma (77.9%) accounted for the vast majority of the histopathological differentiation. A total of 62.3% of tumors invaded the bone, while, 5.7% invaded the skin layer. Survival analysis found that 44.3% of patients experienced relapse within two years postoperatively and the mortality rate after relapse was 75.9%. Almost 60.0% of the tumors involving the maxilla and/or mandible developed relapse. Cox proportional hazards model found that pN stage (p= 0.002) and bone invasion (p= 0.007) were significant independent predictors of 2-year disease-free survival. Importantly, 63.1% of patients had postoperative (and postradiotherapy) complications/sequalae. It was noteworthy that 18 of 43 patients (41.9%) who implanted with titanium plates had hardware-related complications/sequalae, and the most of them were titanium plate exposure (61.1%). Conclusions Squamous cell carcinoma of the gingivobuccal complex cancer, as a new subsite worthy of attention in oral cancer, has a high complication/sequalae rate, high relapse rate and poor prognosis. Trial registration Prospective, Observational, Real-world Oral Malignant Tumors Study ( clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02395367). The approval of the Institutional Review Board of the Beijing Stomatological Hospital of Capital Medical University (Approval number: CMUSH-IRB-KJPJ-2015-08)

Abstract Background Chemoresistance serves as a huge obstacle for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. To counteract the chemoresistance in AML cells, we discussed the role of maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in arabinocytosine (AraC) chemoresistance in AML cells. Methods MEG3, microRNA (miR)-493-5p, methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and MYC expression in AML cells was determined and then their interactions were also analyzed. Then, the viability and apoptosis of AML cells were determined through loss- and gain- function assay. The level of m6A modification in AML cells was examined. AML mouse models were also established to validate the potential roles of MEG3. Results MEG3 and miR-493-5p were downregulated in AML cells, and they were lower in resistant cells than in parental cells. MEG3 led to elevated expression of miR-493-5p which targeted METTL3. METTL3 increased expression of MYC by promoting its m6A levels. Overexpression of MEG3 and miR-493-5p or knockdown of METTL3 inhibited HL-60 and Molm13 cell proliferation and promoted their apoptosis. Overexpressed MEG3 induced heightened sensitivity of AML cells to AraC. However, the suppression of miR-493-5p reversed the effects of overexpressed MEG3 on AML cells. Conclusions Collectively, MEG3 could upregulate miR-493-5p expression and suppress the METTL3/MYC axis through MYC m6A methylation, by which MEG3 promoted the chemosensitivity of AML cells.

Abstract The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important target for vaccine and drug development. However, the rapid emergence of variant strains with mutated S proteins has rendered many treatments ineffective. Cleavage of the S protein by host proteases is essential for viral infection. Here, we discovered that the S protein contains two previously unidentified Cathepsin L (CTSL) cleavage sites (CS-1 and CS-2). Both sites are highly conserved among all known SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our structural studies revealed that CTSL cleavage promoted S to adopt receptor-binding domain (RBD) “up” activated conformations, facilitating receptor-binding and membrane fusion. We confirmed that CTSL cleavage is essential during infection of all emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants (including the recently emerged Omicron variant) by pseudovirus (PsV) infection experiment. Furthermore, we found CTSL-specific inhibitors not only blocked infection of PsV/live virus in cells but also reduced live virus infection of ex vivo lung tissues of both human donors and human ACE2-transgenic mice. Finally, we showed that two CTSL-specific inhibitors exhibited excellent In vivo effects to prevent live virus infection in human ACE2-transgenic mice. Our work demonstrated that inhibition of CTSL cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 S protein is a promising approach for the development of future mutation-resistant therapy.

The girth weld is the weak link of high-grade pipeline, and its structural integrity affects the safety of pipeline operation. Herein, the state of art of the weld metal strength and toughness indicators were discussed from three aspects: the design method of weld metal strength and toughness indicators, the strength and toughness acceptance indicators proposed by pipeline engineering design standards, and the test method of weld metal strength and toughness. The fitness-for-service assessment methods of pipeline girth weld were expounded. The key problems and progress of the assessment methods were discussed: the crack tip constraint effect of fracture toughness, the numerical simulation method of fracture behavior of pipeline girth weld, the evaluation method of crack driving force, the assessment method of failure evaluation diagram, the prediction method of tensile strain capacity of pipeline girth weld, and the fracture experimental test of full-scale pipeline girth weld. Finally, the existing problems and future research directions in the mechanical properties and fitness-for-service assessment of high-grade pipeline girth weld were put forward. Generally, the research results could provide a reference for improving the intrinsic safety of high-grade pipeline girth weld.

Layer-number modulation in graphene has become a recent focus of research due to the superior degree of freedom that can be achieved in terms of magic-angle, wettability, superconductivity, and superlattices. However, the intrinsic transport of multilayer graphene is indistinguishable in atmospheric adsorbates and supporting environment, and its underlying charge transfer mechanism has not yet been thoroughly determined. In this study, a shift in the charge neutrality point of trilayer graphene (TLG) is demonstrated to be regulated by three governing factors: oxygen gas (O2), water molecules (H2O), and thermally activated electrons. Absorbed O2 ​induces a high work function in semimetallic TLG, while H2O is not an evident dopant but can strengthen binding against O2 ​desorption. A simplified model is developed to elucidate the competitive mechanism and charge transfer among these two dopants (O2, H2O) and thermal electrons, and the model is demonstrated by work function regulation and Bader charge transfer based on density functional theory calculations. This study provides a strategy to explore transport modulation of multilayer graphene in the fields of ballistic transport and low power consumption of graphene field-effect transistors.

Due to the large amount of water supply, the water level difference between mid-layer water and shallow water increases. There is no authoritative answer whether there is a hydraulic connection between shallow and mid-layer water. Therefore, a clear understanding of hydrogeochemical characteristics and the water chemical connection of them is indispensable for groundwater protection and the safety of water supply. The results of the statistical analysis showed that shallow and mid-layer water were both neutral water. The content of SO42−, Cl− and Na+ in both exceeded the grade III standard limit in the Standard for Groundwater Quality of China. Piper diagram revealed shallow water was mainly of Na + Mg + HCO3− and Mg + Na + HCO3− type, and mid-layer water was mainly of Na + Mg + HCO3− + SO42− and Na + Mg + HCO3− type. Besides, using the coefficient variations method of comprehensive water quality index (pH, TDS, F−, and NO3−), it is found that except for a local area with thin thickness (less than 5 m) of the first aquiclude, the mid-layer water was not affected by shallow water in Sulin mining area. This study may be helpful for the safety of water supply in the study area and other mining areas in the Huaibei coalfield. HIGHLIGHTS First analysis on the hydraulic connection between shallow and mid-layer water by using comprehensive water quality indexes.; The relationship between the thickness of the first aquiclude and the vatiation of nitrate content in mid-layer water and shallow water.; Sources of fluorine in mid-layer water.;

Abstract A comparative study on the influence of different manufacturing methods (selective laser melting and hot rolling) on the microstructure, mechanical and thermal behaviours of tungsten (W) was presented for the first time. The results indicated that the selective laser melting (SLM) W exhibited a finer grain sizes, a lower strength ductility, hardness and thermal conductivity compared to hot-rolled W. The main reason for this result was that the laser underwent rapid heating and cooling when it was used to melt W powder with high energy density, resulting in large internal stress in the sample after manufacturing. Subsequently, the internal stress was released, leading to the generation of micro-cracks at the grain boundaries, thereby affecting the performance of SLM W samples. In addition, the higher fraction of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) of SLM W was found to be the key factor for intrinsic brittleness. Because the HAGBs are the preferred crack paths, which could promote crack propagation and decrease fracture energy.

Abstract RNAs are rapidly degraded in samples and during collection, processing and testing. In this study, we used the same method to explore the half-lives of different RNAs and the influencing factors, and compared the degradation kinetics and characteristics of different RNAs in whole blood and experimental samples. Fresh anticoagulant blood samples were incubated at room temperature for different durations, RNAs were extracted, and genes, including internal references, were amplified by real-time quantitative PCR. A linear half-life model was established according to cycle threshold (Ct) values. The effects of experimental operations on RNA degradation before and after RNA extraction were explored. Quantitative analysis of mRNA degradation in samples and during experimental processes were explored using an orthogonal experimental design. The storage duration of blood samples at room temperature had the greatest influence on RNA degradation. The half-lives of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) was 16.4 h. The half-lives of circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were 24.56 ± 5.2 h, 17.46 ± 3.0 h and 16.42 ± 4.2 h, respectively. RNA degradation occurred mainly in blood samples. The half-life of mRNAs was the shortest among the four kinds of RNAs. Quantitative experiments related to mRNAs should be completed within 2 h. The half-lives of circRNAs and lncRNAs were longer than those of the former two.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been blamed as the main culprit of tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, chemoresistance, and recurrence. However, few anti-CSCs agents have achieved clinical success so far. Here we report a novel derivative of lonidamine (LND), namely HYL001, which selectively and potently inhibits CSCs by targeting mitochondria, with 380-fold and 340-fold lower IC50 values against breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells (HCSCs), respectively, compared to LND. Mechanistically, we reveal that HYL001 downregulates glutaminase (GLS) expression to block glutamine metabolism, blunt tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amplify mitochondrial oxidative stress, leading to apoptotic cell death. Therefore, HYL001 displays significant antitumor activity in vivo, both as a single agent and combined with paclitaxel. Furthermore, HYL001 represses CSCs of fresh tumor tissues derived from liver cancer patients. This study provides critical implications for CSCs biology and development of potent anti-CSCs drugs.

Introduction: To achieve higher power or increased precision for a new trial, methods based on updating network meta-analysis (NMA) have been proposed by researchers. However, this approach could potentially lead to misinterpreted results and misstated conclusions. This work aims to investigate the potential inflation of type I error risk when a new trial is conducted only when, based on a p-value of the comparison in the existing network, a “promising” difference between two treatments is noticed.Methods: We use simulations to evaluate the scenarios of interest. In particular, a new trial is to be conducted independently or depending on the results from previous NMA in various scenarios. Three analysis methods are applied to each simulation scenario: with the existing network, sequential analysis and without the existing network.Results: For the scenario that the new trial will be conducted only when a promising finding (p-value

Large redundant metal structures have high stability with large cost. An excellent mechanical structure should have the lower weight when satisfying its stability. Aiming at the large redundancy of the main beam metal structure of the double-beam bridge crane, the paper extracts six important parameters to determine its quality, and the corresponding value is set. The orthogonal test table is designed to calculate the strength and stiffness. In order to avoid resonance, the fixed vibration frequency and excitation frequency are calculated. The experimental results are fitted to obtain the six parameters of the quality, strength, stiffness, and natural frequency. Moreover, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective optimization mathematical model with the design quality as the goal and the stiffness, strength, and easy resonance interval as constraints. In view of the long calculation time and poor convergence of particle swarm optimization algorithm, a module that limits the particle forward speed is added and the generation conditions of particles are redefined. The improved particle swarm algorithm shows that the first-order vibration frequency of the main beam increases from 18 Hz to 27.55 Hz. It improves the stability of the overall structure and avoids resonance with the motor frequency. Under the condition of satisfying the stability of the main beam, the quality of the main beam is reduced from 1.23 tons to 0.53 tons, with a reduction of 6%.

The growth and health statuses of calves during the early stages of development have a significant effect on milk production during their first lactation period. Using appropriate milk replacers helps meet the long-term targets of dairy farmers. This study aimed to examine the effects of milk, milk replacer, and milk replacer plus ethoxyquin on growth performance, antioxidant status, immune function, and the gut microbiota of Holstein dairy calves. A total of 36 neonatal dairy calves were randomly divided into three groups and fed different diets: one group was fed milk, another group was fed milk replacer, and the third group was given milk replacer plus ethoxyquin. The supplementation with ethoxyquin was started on day 35 of the feeding period. The calves were weaned on day 45, and the experiment was conducted until day 49. The blood and fecal samples were collected at the end of the animal experiment. The results showed that milk replacers induced poor growth performance (body weight and average daily gain). However, milk replacer plus ethoxyquin aided in growth performance, enhanced the starter intake and blood antioxidative ability, and elevated the concentration of fecal valeric acid. Moreover, fecal fermentation and 16S rRNA analyses showed that milk replacer plus ethoxyquin altered the microbial composition (reducing Alistipes and Ruminococcaceae and increasing Bacteroides and Alloprevotella). Pearson's correlation assays showed that alterations in fecal microbiota strongly correlated with average daily gain and antioxidative ability. The results indicated the potential of milk replacer plus ethoxyquin in modulating the growth of dairy calves and in enhancing their ability to combat stress.

Abstract Optical biosensors are platforms that translate biological information into detectable optical signals, and have extensive applications in various fields due to their characteristics of high sensitivity, high specificity, dynamic sensing, etc. The development of optical sensing materials is an important part of optical sensors. In this review, we emphasize the role of microfluidic technology in the preparation of optical sensing materials and the application of the derived optical sensors in the biomedical field. We first present some common optical sensing mechanisms and the functional responsive materials involved. Then, we describe the preparation of these sensing materials by microfluidics. Afterward, we enumerate the biomedical applications of these optical materials as biosensors in disease diagnosis, drug evaluation, and organ‐on‐a‐chip. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects in this field.

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a DNA virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. HSV-1 infection causes severe neurological disease in the central nervous system (CNS), including encephalitis. Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of programmed cell death that contributes to different neurological inflammatory diseases. However, whether HSV-1 induces ferroptosis in the CNS and the role of ferroptosis in viral pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that HSV-1 induces ferroptosis, as hallmarks of ferroptosis, including Fe2+ overload, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, glutathione (GSH) depletion, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrion shrinkage, are observed in HSV-1-infected cultured human astrocytes, microglia cells, and murine brains. Moreover, HSV-1 infection enhances the E3 ubiquitin ligase Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1)-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidative genes, thereby disturbing cellular redox homeostasis and promoting ferroptosis. Furthermore, HSV-1-induced ferroptosis is tightly associated with the process of viral encephalitis in a mouse model, and the ferroptosis-activated upregulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays an important role in HSV-1-caused inflammation and encephalitis. Importantly, the inhibition of ferroptosis by a ferroptosis inhibitor or a proteasome inhibitor to suppress Nrf2 degradation effectively alleviated HSV-1 encephalitis. Together, our findings demonstrate the interaction between HSV-1 infection and ferroptosis and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of HSV-1 encephalitis. IMPORTANCE Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of programmed cell death that contributes to different neurological inflammatory diseases. However, whether HSV-1 induces ferroptosis in the CNS and the role of ferroptosis in viral pathogenesis remain unclear. In the current study, we demonstrate that HSV-1 infection induces ferroptosis, as Fe2+ overload, ROS accumulation, GSH depletion, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrion shrinkage, all of which are hallmarks of ferroptosis, are observed in human cultured astrocytes, microglia cells, and murine brains infected with HSV-1. Moreover, HSV-1 infection enhances Keap1-dependent Nrf2 ubiquitination and degradation, which results in substantial reductions in the expression levels of antiferroptotic genes downstream of Nrf2, thereby disturbing cellular redox homeostasis and promoting ferroptosis. Furthermore, HSV-1-induced ferroptosis is tightly associated with the process of viral encephalitis in a mouse model, and the ferroptosis-activated upregulation of PTGS2 and PGE2 plays an important role in HSV-1-caused inflammation and encephalitis. Importantly, the inhibition of ferroptosis by either a ferroptosis inhibitor or a proteasome inhibitor to suppress HSV-1-induced Nrf2 degradation effectively alleviates HSV-1-caused neuro-damage and inflammation in infected mice. Overall, our findings uncover the interaction between HSV-1 infection and ferroptosis, shed novel light on the physiological impacts of ferroptosis on the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection and encephalitis, and provide a promising therapeutic strategy to treat this important infectious disease with a worldwide distribution.

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have demonstrated great advances for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. However, owing to the presence of the synergy from lattice strain, defects of MHPs, and environment, MHPs suffer from phase transitions and degradation, resulting in the restriction of their practical applications and further commercialization. Multiple metal elements can coexist in MHPs to form alloys due to the high tolerance of lattice and the composition replaceability, which provides a novel strategy for improvement of performance and stability. In this review, the recent advances of alloy engineering of MHPs, focusing on the cation and the metal ion (A‐ and B‐site) alloy strategies, are reviewed. The alloy effects on the crystalline structure, optoelectronic properties, ferroelectricity, carrier dynamics, and stability of perovskites are interpreted. Finally, the prospect of this study is the challenges in the MHPs alloy engineering.

Military success requires retaining sufficient capable service members, but there is little research on retaining quality personnel. We propose an innovative bonus structure to retain the right quantity and quality of personnel by setting retention bonuses through a menu-of-contracts. The menu provides choices between bonus structures that encourage higher and lower-quality personnel to voluntarily select the bonus structure that best reflects their perceived quality. This addresses two essential problems in military personnel research: adverse selection (making inappropriate retention decisions due to hidden quality information) and moral hazard (incentives encouraging personnel to provide less than their best effort). A menu-of-contracts can meet the military’s retention needs without relying on past performance to measure expected future performance. This retains higher-quality personnel, increases morale and improves future retention. It also induces personnel to maximize effort throughout their careers as they strive for the highest bonus while maintaining the perception of egalitarianism.

Ultrasonic fatigue tests are performed on a magnesium alloy with and without ultrasonic peening treatment (UPT). Surface enhancement layer leads to the complete change of crack initiation sites. However, crack initiation mechanism keeps the same and results in a single-faceted morphology at crack initiation site. Microcracks initiate as Mode II crack within the original grain, but deflect to Mode I crack outside of the original cracked grain. A threshold SIF value is proposed to evaluate the retarding effect of grain boundary on microcrack propagation. Outside of the original cracked grain, Mode I crack propagation below the threshold ΔKσ-th is responsible for the formation of fine granular area (FGA, a nano-grain layer). Based on the Numerous Cyclic Pressing (NCP) model, it is proposed that crack type should be another necessary condition for the formation of FGA.

Abstract Cetuximab is a widely used drug for treating head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs); however, it provides restricted clinical benefits, and its response duration is limited by drug resistance. Here, we conducted randomized “Phase II-like clinical trials” of 49 HNSCC PDX models and reveal multiple informative biomarkers for intrinsic resistance to cetuximab (e.g., amplification of ANKH, up-regulation of PARP3). After validating these intrinsic resistance biomarkers in another HNSCC PDX cohort (61 PDX models), we generated acquired cetuximab resistance PDX models and analyzed them to uncover resistance mechanisms. Whole exome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing revealed diverse patterns of clonal selection in acquired resistant PDXs, including the emergence of subclones with strongly activated RAS/MAPK. Extending these insights, we show that a combination of a RAC1/RAC3 dual-target inhibitor and cetuximab could overcome acquired cetuximab resistance in vitro and in vivo. Beyond revealing intrinsic resistance biomarkers, our PDX-based study shows how clonal architecture changes underlying acquired resistance can be targeted to expand the therapeutic utility of this important drug to more HNSCC patients.

Abstract With many frameworks based on message passing neural networks proposed to predict molecular and bulk properties, machine learning methods have tremendously shifted the paradigms of computational sciences underpinning physics, material science, chemistry, and biology. While existing machine learning models have yielded superior performances in many occasions, most of them model and process molecular systems in terms of homogeneous graph, which severely limits the expressive power for representing diverse interactions. In practice, graph data with multiple node and edge types is ubiquitous and more appropriate for molecular systems. Thus, we propose the heterogeneous relational message passing network (HermNet), an end-to-end heterogeneous graph neural networks, to efficiently express multiple interactions in a single model with ab initio accuracy. HermNet performs impressively against many top-performing models on both molecular and extended systems. Specifically, HermNet outperforms other tested models in nearly 75%, 83% and 69% of tasks on revised Molecular Dynamics 17 (rMD17), Quantum Machines 9 (QM9) and extended systems datasets, respectively. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations and material property calculations are performed with HermNet to demonstrate its performance. Finally, we elucidate how the design of HermNet is compatible with quantum mechanics from the perspective of the density functional theory. Besides, HermNet is a universal framework, whose sub-networks could be replaced by other advanced models.

Abstract Background Porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1) is a respiratory virus in the family Paramyxoviridae and genus Respirovirus. It is closely related to bovine parainfluenza virus 3, human parainfluenza virus 1, and Sendai virus. Recent reports suggest PPIV-1 is widespread in swine herds in the United States and abroad. However, seroprevalence studies and the ability to evaluate cross neutralization between heterologous strains is not possible without validated antibody assays. This study describes the development of an indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) assay, a whole virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (wv-ELISA) and a serum virus neutralization (SVN) assay for the detection of PPIV-1 antibodies using 521 serum samples collected from three longitudinal studies and two different challenge strains in swine. Results The area under the curve (AUC) of the wv-ELISA (95% CI, 0.93–0.98) was significantly higher (p = 0.03) compared to the IFA (95% CI, 0.90–0.96). However, no significant difference was observed between the IFA and wv-ELISA when compared to the SVN (95% CI, 0.92–0.97). All three assays demonstrated relatively uniform results at a 99% true negative rate, with only 11 disagreements observed between the IFA, wv-ELISA and SVN. Conclusions All three serology assays detected PPIV-1 antibody in swine serum of known status that was collected from experimental studies. The SVN detected seroconversion earlier compared to the IFA and the wv-ELISA. Both the wv-ELISA and the SVN had similar diagnostic performance, while the IFA was not as sensitive as the wv-ELISA. All three assays are considered valid for routine diagnostic use. These assays will be important for future studies to screen seronegative swine for research, determine PPIV-1 seroprevalence, and to evaluate vaccine efficacy against PPIV-1 under experimental and field conditions.

Abstract Background Despite the continuous development and evolution of surgical methods and techniques, proximal hypospadias remains one of the most challenging issues for pediatric urologists. This study aims to evaluate the indications and postoperative complications of our new modified Duckett urethroplasty. Methods A total of 133 patients with proximal hypospadias who underwent repair of the modified Duckett urethroplasty from February 2016 to February 2021 were reviewed. The median age of patients was 3 years (range 1–16). All patients had severe chordee. One senior experienced pediatric urologist performed all the surgeries. Catheter was removed 14 days after the surgery. Results The location of the urethral meatus was proximal penile in 26 patients (19.5%), penoscrotal in 60 (45.1%), scrotal in 31 (23.3%), and perineal in 16 (12.0%). The mean length of the urethral defect was 4.5 cm (range 2.5–10). The median duration of follow-up was 46 months (range 8–67). Complications occurred in 31 patients (23.3%), including urethra-cutaneous fistula in 22 (16.5%), urethral stenosis in 7 (5.3%), and urethral diverticulum in 2 (1.5%). No recurrent chordee were found in all cases. All patients who developed complications were treated successfully at our hospital. Conclusions Our modified Duckett urethroplasty showed functionally and cosmetically favorable outcomes, with a lower incidence of postoperative complications. To the best of our knowledge, the novel Duckett technique is a feasible and suitable option for patients who suffer from proximal hypospadias with severe chordee and dysplasia of the urethral plate.

Exotic states emerge from the interplay between band topology and ferromagnetism, but it remains less known in canted-antiferromagnetic phase. Here, the authors realize a canted-antiferromagnetic Chern insulator in atomically-thin MnBi2Te4 with electrical control of chiral-edge state transport.

Part quality monitoring and control in wire-based directed energy deposition additive manufacturing (w-DEDAM) processes has been garnering continuous interest from both the academic and industrial sectors. However, maintaining a consistent layer height and ensuring that the wall height aligns closely with the design, as depicted in computer-aided design (CAD) models, pose significant challenges. These challenges arise due to the uncertainties associated with the manufacturing process and the working environment, particularly with extended processing times. To achieve these goals in an industrial scenario, the deposition geometry must be measured with precision and efficiency throughout the part-building process. Moreover, it is essential to comprehend the changes in the interlayer deposition height based on various process parameters. This paper first examines the behaviour of interlayer deposition height when process parameters change within different wall regions, with a particular focus on the transition areas. In addition, this paper explores the potential of geometry monitoring information in implementing interlayer wall height compensation during w-DEDAM part-building. The in-process layer height was monitored using a coherent range-resolved interferometry (RRI) sensor, and the accuracy and efficiency of this measurement were carefully studied. Leveraging this information and understanding of deposition geometry, the control points of the process parameters were identified. Subsequently, appropriate and varied process parameters were applied to each wall region to gradually compensate for wall height. The wall height discrepancies were generally compensated for in two to three layers.