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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the major pollutants among greenhouse gases emitted by fossil fuel based power plants and responsible for environmental tribulations. Therefore diminution of carbon dioxide level by Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is now serious concern worldwide. This paper evaluates the emission factors of national electric grid in Oman and proposes a wind energy based CDM project to diminish the CO2 emissions. Estimations show that operating margin emission factors of national grid during five years lies in the range of 0.74 to 0.69 kg CO2/kWh. Further, proposed CDM project revealed the annual baseline emissions reduction of 45552 ton CO2 and able to earn the revenue of US$ 61.49 million by certify emission reductions in the first crediting period of project. Paper also critically analyse the opportunities for CDM project, its lucrative aspect, barrier and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the standby power losses of household appliances and determines these losses by field measurements and bottom-up approaches. It is revealed that average standby power losses of eappliances at household in Oman is 103.4 Watts and could further increase if other miscellaneous appliances are also taken into account. Calculations show that TV sets alone are responsible to consume 1.89 MW standby powers across the country. The paper considers various technological and socioeconomic options to diminish the standby power consumption and signify that 42.72% of energy consumed by appliances can be saved by end-users implementing suitable measures. Energy management programmes like energy efficiency standards, labelling and policy instruments to tackle the standby power losses are also discussed. Finally, paper looks into the barriers and their way-outs to implement the energy efficiency standards and labelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection and diagnosis of partial discharge (PD) activity has been widely adopted in electrical plant condition monitoring. Analysis and detection of PD in practical applications is often hampered by noise in the signal. Recent research has shown that the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is effective in extracting PD pulses from severe noise. One disadvantage, however, is that DWT does not reproduce accurate PD pulse magnitude and pulse shape after thresholding in the presence of strong noise. This paper presents the application of the Second Generation Wavelet Transform (SGWT), as an improved algorithm, to extraction of PD pulse from electrical noise. The paper begins with the description of the fundamental theory and structure of SGWT analysis and comparisons with DWT. The method is then applied to both simulated and real world PD data. Results prove that SGWT can significantly improve the effectiveness of PD denoising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents experimental investigations into the principle, connection schemes, and the use of a metal oxide varistor (MOV) in transformer winding inner protection. Experiments have been carried out on model transformer and on practical extremely high voltage transformers with standard lightning impulse voltage and oscillatory impulse voltage being applied. Results with and without MOV in parallel with transformer windings from experiments proved the effectiveness of the use of MOV in transformer inner protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, the analysis of the dynamics of a ferroresonant circuit are presented using continuation techniques and bifurcation theory. Despite its great simplicity, this circuit can assume a diverse range of steady-state regimes including fundamental and subharmonic ferroesonance, quasiperiodic oscillations, and chaos. The system dynamics are explored through the continuation of periodic solutions of the associated circuit equations. A detailed picture is drawn of various transitions between the individual periodic steady-state regimes of the circuit. Bifurcation points are computed, revealing a clearly defined succession of periodic steady-state regimes, including the Feigenbaum route to chaos through a cascade of period doublings. The analysis presented is performed using the freely available software package XPPAUT. The contribution of this paper is to provide a detailed description of how to define the circuit equations in XPPAUT and how to conduct the interactive bifurcation analysis. The proposed approach is shown to be both computationally efficient and robust as it eliminates the need for numerically critical and long lasting transient simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]