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NO absorption by using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) from flue gas has become one of great research interest. In this work, different DESs were prepared with acetylcholine chloride as a hydrogen‐bond acceptor. The effect of molar ratio of the hydrogen‐bond acceptor and different hydrogen‐bond donor, temperature, and different hydrogen‐bond donors on NO absorption by acetylcholine chloride DESs was investigated systematically. The absorption experiment of NO by acetylcholine‐methyl urea DES at an absorption capacity of 0.119 (g NO/g DES) when the molar ratio of acetylcholine chloride to methyl urea was 1 : 2 at 30–40 °C. The absorption mechanism of NO by acetylcholine chloride DESs was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance combined with quantum chemical calculation. The results indicated that NO with acetylcholine‐methyl urea DESs by chemical absorption to form NONO structure, nitrogen‐oxygen double bonds (N=O), nitrogen‐oxygen single bonds (N−O), and nitrogen‐nitrogen single bonds (N−N). The simulation results showed that nitric oxide formed two hydrogen bonds with N atoms on methyl urea: C−N⋅⋅⋅N and O=N⋅⋅⋅N=O. Thermodynamic properties showed that the ▵rHom for NO absorption in acetylcholine‐chloride‐type DES was −15.39 kJ/mol, which was more efficient for NO absorption/desorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small‐signal modelling of modular multilevel converters (MMC) has drawn lots of attention recently. Existing research mainly studies MMC terminal impedances by injecting corresponding AC‐side and DC‐side external small‐signal perturbations. This paper focuses on the MMC internal small‐signal perturbations, that is, perturbations in control signal and their effect. There are two kinds, that is, differential‐mode and common‐mode, of internal small‐signal perturbations, which influence MMC external and internal state variables, respectively. Then, the existing MMC small‐signal model is improved. With its help, accurate MMC control‐signal to state‐variables transfer functions are established, which can aid precise MMC controller analysis and performance optimization. In this paper, an analysis of MMC phase capacitor voltage regulation control is demonstrated as an example. The stability can be precisely ascertained based on the obtained transfer function. The effect of parameter variation of the proportional‐integral controller is also studied. Moreover, an additional compensator is introduced in the existing control loop to attenuate resonance peaks in the transfer function, which mitigates the large voltage overshoot and makes the transient state much smoother. Simulation and experimental results support and well confirm the analysis of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines whether the green bond policies of major Chinese financial regulators' have a direct and positive impact on the green bond market. Using Chinese green bond issuances from 2012 to 2019, we analyze green bond issuer response to top-down regulatory policies post 2014. Using a difference-in-difference model, we find a direct positive influence of green bond regulatory policies on issuance amounts. Additional analysis shows that specific issuer characteristics like ownership type (government-owned), industry type (green industry), and sector type (financial issuer) have a stronger positive reaction to policy announcements and led to the issuance of more green bonds. Our results highlight the supporting role of financial regulators in advancing the green finance agenda in China. Key policy insights Green bond policies implemented by Chinese financial market regulators have been an effective means to increase overall green bond issuances Certain issuer types react more positively by increasing their green bond issuances following the announcement of green bond policies Pro-active participation by key financial regulators in the form of harmonized definitions, consistent engagement, and alignment with international best practices can be beneficial for stimulating green finance growth [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses how equity funds react to institutional pressure related to green finance. Based on the analysis of 378 open-end equity funds in China from 2010 to 2019, we examined the environmental performance of fund holdings to measure their level of green investment. In our analyses, we distinguished between funds with positive and negative screening strategies. Our results indicate that the funds' green investments are gradually increasing. Furthermore, we found that green investment strategies help to increase the funds' excess return. The positive connection to financial returns, however, is only valid for funds with negative screening strategies. Finally, we found that fund investors react negatively to funds using positive screening to identify green investments. The study contributes to theoretical and practical knowledge about factors influencing equity funds' green and financial performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]