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Galaxy-galaxy lensing is a powerful probe of the connection between galaxies and their host dark matter haloes, which is important both for galaxy evolution and cosmology. We extend the measurement and modelling of the galaxy-galaxy lensing signal in the recent Dark Energy Survey Year 3 cosmology analysis to the highly non-linear scales (100 kpc). This extension enables us to study the galaxy-halo connection via a Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) framework for the two lens samples used in the cosmology analysis: a luminous red galaxy sample (redmagic) and a magnitude-limited galaxy sample (maglim). We find that redmagic (maglim) galaxies typically live in dark matter haloes of mass log10(Mh/M) ≈ 13.7 which is roughly constant over redshift (13.3-13.5 depending on redshift). We constrain these masses to 15 per cent, approximately 1.5 times improvement over the previous work. We also constrain the linear galaxy bias more than five times better than what is inferred by the cosmological scales only. We find the satellite fraction for redmagic (maglim) to be 0.1-0.2 (0.1-0.3) with no clear trend in redshift. Our constraints on these halo properties are broadly consistent with other available estimates from previous work, large-scale constraints, and simulations. The framework built in this paper will be used for future HOD studies with other galaxy samples and extensions for cosmological analyses.

We present measurements of the radial profiles of the mass and galaxy number density around Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ)-selected clusters using both weak lensing and galaxy counts. The clusters are selected from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Data Release 5 and the galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 data set. With signal-to-noise ratio of 62 (45) for galaxy (weak lensing) profiles over scales of about 0.2–20 h-1 Mpc, these are the highest precision measurements for SZ-selected clusters to date. Because SZ selection closely approximates mass selection, these measurements enable several tests of theoretical models of the mass and light distribution around clusters. Our main findings are: (1) The splashback feature is detected at a consistent location in both the mass and galaxy profiles and its location is consistent with predictions of cold dark matter N-body simulations. (2) The full mass profile is also consistent with the simulations. (3) The shapes of the galaxy and lensing profiles are remarkably similar for our sample over the entire range of scales, from well inside the cluster halo to the quasilinear regime. We measure the dependence of the profile shapes on the galaxy sample, redshift, and cluster mass. We extend the Diemer & Kravtsov model for the cluster profiles to the linear regime using perturbation theory and show that it provides a good match to the measured profiles. We also compare the measured profiles to predictions of the standard halo model and simulations that include hydrodynamics. Applications of these results to cluster mass estimation, cosmology, and astrophysics are discussed.

Guanghui Jiang,* Cuicui Sheng,* Luxia Yan,* Zipeng Wang, Qing Wang, Rui Chen, Ying Zhao Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ying Zhao; Rui Chen, Email zhaoying772023@163.com; chenrui5980@163.comPurpose: To explore the relationship between the serum level of S100 calcium-binding protein, beta chain (S100β) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) with depression.Patients and Methods: A total of 145 patients with PD and 60 healthy controls matched for sex, age, and years of education in our hospital were selected. Fluorescence quantitative immunochromatography was used to quantify the level of S100β in serum. Clinical manifestations were assessed by Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part-III (UPDRS-III), Hoehn & Yahr (H-Y) stage and 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17). According to the results of HAMD-17, PD patients were divided into PD with depression group and PD without depression group. The relationship between serum S100β and HAMD-17 scores in PD patients with depression was investigated through correlation analysis and multivariate regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum S100β.Results: The level of serum S100β in PD with depression group was significantly higher than that in PD without depression group and control group. In PD patients with depression, serum S100β level was positively correlated with UPDRS-III score, H-Y Scale and HAMD-17 score. The HAMD-17 score was positively correlated with the UPDRS-III and H-Y scales, and the increase in the HAMD-17 score was associated with women. Elevated serum S100β level and UPDRS-III score are independent risk factors for PD with depression. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the serum S100β level with a cutoff of 0.28 ng/mL distinguished patients with PD with or without depression with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.742, sensitivity of 0.696, and specificity of 0.779.Conclusion: The serum S100β level could be a biomarker of PD with depression.Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, depression, S100β, risk factors

Tao Yang,1– 4 Haiqiong Liu,1,3,4 Chaobo Yang,1,3,4 Huaqiang Mo,1,3,4 Xianbao Wang,1,3,4 Xudong Song,1,3,4 Luping Jiang,2 Ping Deng,2 Ran Chen,2 Pengcui Wu,2 Aihua Chen,1,3,4 Jing Yan1,3,4 1Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 3Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 4Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jing Yan; Aihua Chen, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-2061643686, Email yanve1008@126.com; chenaha@126.comPurpose: Myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a crucial clinical problem globally. The molecular mechanisms of MIRI need to be fully explored to develop new therapeutic methods. Galangin (Gal), which is a natural flavonoid extracted from Alpinia Officinarum Hance and Propolis, possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, but its effects on MIRI remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the pharmacological effects of Gal on MIRI.Methods: C57BL/6 mice underwent reperfusion for 3 h after 45 min of ischemia, and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation (HR) were cultured as in vivo and in vitro models. Echocardiography and TTC-Evans Blue staining were performed to evaluate the myocardial injury. Transmission electron microscope and JC-1 staining were used to validate the mitochondrial function. Additionally, Western blot detected ferroptosis markers, including Gpx4, FTH, and xCT.Results: Gal treatment alleviated cardiac myofibril damage, reduced infarction size, improved cardiac function, and prevented mitochondrial injury in mice with MIRI. Gal significantly alleviated HR-induced cell death and mitigated mitochondrial membrane potential reduction in NRCs. Furthermore, Gal significantly inhibited ferroptosis by preventing iron overload and lipid peroxidation, as well as regulating Gpx4, FTH, and xCT expression levels. Moreover, Gal up-regulated nuclear transcriptive factor Nrf2 in HR-treated NRCs. Nrf2 inhibition by Brusatol abolished the protective effect of Gal against ferroptosis.Conclusion: This study revealed that Gal alleviates myocardial ischemic reperfusion-induced ferroptosis by targeting Nrf2/Gpx4 signaling pathway.Keywords: galangin, ferroptosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, Nrf2, Gpx4

Rifeng Chen, Xiuying Li, Dongyan Zheng, Cunwei Cao, Jiaguang Su Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jiaguang Su, Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13878106965, Email 503389699@qq.comAbstract: Talaromyces marneffei (TM) and Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) infection are opportunistic infections that typically affect individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV or immunodeficiency. However, these infections are rarely seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We present a case study of a 52-year-old woman diagnosed with SLE who developed a co-infection of TM and PJ after receiving glucocorticoids, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and belimumab therapy. The patient’s pneumonia improved following treatment with voriconazole, clarithromycin, and compound sulfamethoxazole. This case highlights the potential risk of serious opportunistic infections in SLE patients receiving a combination of glucocorticoids, MMF, and belimumab. Close monitoring of lymphocyte count, immunoglobulin levels, and chest computed tomography scans can aid in the early detection of infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of TM and PJ co-infection in an SLE patient.Keywords: Talaromyces marneffei, Pneumocystis jirovecii, systemic lupus erythematosus, co-infection, belimumab

Yanyan Ma,1,* Ying Cao,2,* Hong Gao,3 Rui Tong,1 Jing Yi,3 Zhongwei Zhang,1 Rui Chen,1 Zhijun Pan1 1School of Anesthesia, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hong Gao, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China, Email 2169617@qq.com; anesth@qq.comPurpose: This study investigated the effect of exosomes derived from sevoflurane-treated cardiac fibroblasts (Sev-CFs-Exo) on reperfusion arrhythmias (RA), ventricular conduction, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI).Methods: Primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were isolated from the hearts of neonatal rats and identified by morphology and immunofluorescence. Exosomes were isolated from CFs at passages 2– 3 after they had been treated with 2.5% sevoflurane for an hour and cultivated for 24– 48 hours. The control group was CFs that did not receive any treatment. The hypothermic global ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established using the Langendorff perfusion technique following injection with exosomes through the caudal vein. Multi-electrode array (MEA) mapping was used to investigate the changes in RA and ventricular conduction in isolated hearts. Western blots and immunofluorescence were used to examine the relative expression and location of connexin 43 (Cx43). In addition, the MIRI was evaluated with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining.Results: The primary CFs had a variety of morphologies, no spontaneous pulsation, and were vimentin-positive, which confirmed their successful isolation. Sev-CFs-Exo increased the heart rate (HR) at reperfusion for 15 minutes (T2) and 30 minutes (T3) and lowered the score and duration of RA and the time for restoration of heartbeat in reperfusion. Meanwhile, Sev-CFs-Exo increased conduction velocity (CV), decreased absolute inhomogeneity (P5-95) and inhomogeneity index (P5-95/P50) at T2 and T3, as well as promoted the recovery of HR, CV, P5-95 and P5-95/P50 after hypothermic global ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, Sev-CFs-Exo raised expression and reduced lateralization of Cx43, and improved myocardial infarct sizes and cellular necrosis. However, while cardiac fibroblast-derived exosomes (CFs-Exo) showed similar cardioprotective effects, the outcomes were not as significant.Conclusion: Sevoflurane reduces the risk of RA and improves ventricular conduction and MIRI by CFs-Exo, and this may be driven by the expression and location of Cx43.Keywords: anesthetic, extracellular vesicles, arrhythmia, electrophysiology, electrical mapping, connexin 43, Cx43

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) achieved efficient detection of very small recoil energies in its germanium target, resulting in sensitivity to lightly ionizing particles (LIPs) in a previously unexplored region of charge, mass, and velocity parameter space. We report first direct-detection limits calculated using the optimum interval method on the vertical intensity of cosmogenically produced LIPs with an electric charge smaller than e/(3×10^{5}), as well as the strongest limits for charge ≤e/160, with a minimum vertical intensity of 1.36×10^{-7}  cm^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1} at charge e/160. These results apply over a wide range of LIP masses (5  MeV/c^{2} to 100  TeV/c^{2}) and cover a wide range of βγ values (0.1-10^{6}), thus excluding nonrelativistic LIPs with βγ as small as 0.1 for the first time.

We present limits on spin-independent dark matter-nucleon interactions using a 10.6 g Si athermal phonon detector with a baseline energy resolution of σ_{E}=3.86±0.04(stat)_{-0.00}^{+0.19}(syst)  eV. This exclusion analysis sets the most stringent dark matter-nucleon scattering cross-section limits achieved by a cryogenic detector for dark matter particle masses from 93 to 140  MeV/c^{2}, with a raw exposure of 9.9 g d acquired at an above-ground facility. This work illustrates the scientific potential of detectors with athermal phonon sensors with eV-scale energy resolution for future dark matter searches.

BackgroundClean Cut is an adaptive, multimodal programme to identify improvement opportunities and safety changes in surgery by enhancing outcomes surveillance, closing gaps in surgical infection prevention standards, and strengthening underlying processes of care. Surgical-site infections (SSIs) are common in low-income countries, so this study assessed a simple intervention to improve perioperative infection prevention practices in one.MethodsClean Cut was implemented in five hospitals in Ethiopia from August 2016 to October 2018. Compliance data were collected from the operating room focused on six key perioperative infection prevention standards. Process-mapping exercises were employed to understand barriers to compliance and identify locally driven improvement opportunities. Thirty-day outcomes were recorded on patients for whom intraoperative compliance information had been collected.ResultsCompliance data were collected from 2213 operations (374 at baseline and 1839 following process improvements) in 2202 patients. Follow-up was completed in 2159 patients (98·0 per cent). At baseline, perioperative teams complied with a mean of only 2·9 of the six critical perioperative infection prevention standards; following process improvement changes, compliance rose to a mean of 4·5 (P

Ruoyang Lin,1 Renpin Chen,1 Lechi Ye,2 Zhiming Huang,1 Xianfan Lin,1 Tanzhou Chen1 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou, Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou, Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tanzhou Chen, Tel +8613706661269, Email cctzz@163.comBackground: Researches showed RNA methylation genes can affect the prognosis of tumors. Thus, the study aimed to comprehensively analyze the effects of RNA methylation regulatory genes in prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods: Prognostic signature associated with CRCs were constructed by differential expression analysis, Cox and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used to validate the reliability of the developed model. Gene Ontology (GO), Gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed for functional annotation. Finally, normal and cancerous tissue were collected to validate gene by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).Results: A prognostic risk model based on leucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing (LRPPRC) and ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 2 (UHRF2) was constructed and relevant to the overall survival (OS) of CRC. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that collagen fibrous tissue, ion channel complex and other pathways were significantly enriched, which might help explain the underlying molecular mechanisms. There were significant differences in ImmuneScore, StromalScore, ESTIMATEScore between high- and low-risk groups (p < 0.05). Ultimately, qRT-PCR validation showed that a significant upregulation in the expression of LRPPRC and UHRF2 in cancerous tissue, which verified the effectiveness of our signature.Conclusion: In conclusion, 2 prognostic genes (LRPPRC and UHRF2) related to RNA methylation were identified by bioinformatics analysis, which might supply a new insight into the treatment and evaluation of CRC.Keywords: colorectal cancer, prognosis, RNA methylation regulatory genes, tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy

Daocheng Zhu,1,2,&ast; Wei Xu,1,2,&ast; Qiangjian Mao,2 Genping Zhong,1 Rixin Chen,1 Lin Jiao1 1The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lin Jiao; Rixin Chen, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China, Email jl0809@126.com; chenrixin321@163.comBackground: Acupuncture therapy is a unique technology created by the working people in ancient China. It is popular all over the world for its safety, effectiveness and no side effects, especially for the treatment of pain syndrome, it can often have an immediate effect. Tension-type headache is one of them. At present, many literatures have reported that many countries in the world are using acupuncture to treat tension-type headache, but there is no quantitative analysis of the relevant literature on this field. Therefore, This study aims to evaluate the research hotspots and trends of acupuncture treatment of tension-type headache through a macro review of the literature from 2003 to 2022 by using CiteSpace V6.1.R6 (64-bit) Basic.Methods: Relevant literatures on acupuncture treatment of tension-type headache from 2003 to 2022 were extracted from the web of science core collection database. CiteSpace was used to analyze the data of publications, authors, institutions, countries, keywords and cited references, cited authors, cited journals. Draw the cited network map and analyze the research hotspots and trends.Results: A total of 231 publications were retrieved from 2003 to 2022. In the past 20 years, the annual number of publications has shown an overall growth trend, and the most active journals, countries, institutions, authors, cite references and keywords in the field of acupuncture treatment of tension-type headache were identified.Conclusion: This study provides the status and trends of clinical research in the field of acupuncture therapy for tension-type headache in the past 20 years, which will help researchers understand the research hotspots in this field and provide new directions for further research.Keywords: acupuncture therapy, tension-type headache, bibliometric analysis, CiteSpace, research trends

Hua-Man Wu,1,2,&ast; Zhi-Jun Wang,1,&ast; Chao-Hong Cheng,1 Tong Su,1 Jing Wang,1 Ye-Zhou Li,3 Qiao-Jun Wang,4 Fei Han,4 Rui Chen1,4 1Department of Respiratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Medicine, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 4Department of Sleeping Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rui Chen, Department of Respiratory/Department of Sleeping Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86(0512)67784857, Email chenruigood@126.comPurpose: Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) can lead to cognitive impairment, though few studies have so far examined hypercapnia as its causal mechanism, due to the invasive nature of conventional arterial CO2 measurement. The study aims to investigate the effects of daytime hypercapnia on working memory in young and middle-aged patients with OSAHS.Patients and Methods: This prospective study screened 218 patients and eventually recruited 131 patients (aged 25– 60 years) with polysomnography (PSG)-diagnosed OSAHS. Using a cut-off of 45mmHg daytime transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PtcCO2), 86 patients were assigned into the normocapnic group and 45 patients into the hypercapnic group. Working memory was evaluated using the Digit Span Backward Test (DSB) and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.Results: Compared with the normocapnic group, the hypercapnic group performed worse in verbal, visual, and spatial working memory tasks. PtcCO2≥ 45mmHg was an independent predictor for lower DSB scores (OR=4.057), lower accuracy in the immediate Pattern Recognition Memory (OR=2.600), delayed Pattern Recognition Memory (OR=2.766) and Spatial Recognition Memory (OR=2.722) tasks, lower Spatial Span scores (OR=4.795), and more between errors in the Spatial Working Memory task (OR=2.734 and 2.558, respectively). Notably, PSG indicators of hypoxia and sleep fragmentation did not predict task performance.Conclusion: Hypercapnia may be plays an important role in working memory impairment in patients with OSAHS, perhaps more so than hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. Routine CO2 monitoring in these patients could prove of utility in clinical practices.Keywords: hypercapnia, obstructive, sleep apnea, working memory

Chunjiao Lu,&ast; Yi Liu,&ast; Yao Liu, Guanhua Kou, Yang Chen, Xuewei Wu, Yuhang Lv, Jiahao Cai, Renyuan Chen, Juanjuan Luo, Xiaojun Yang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Juanjuan Luo; Xiaojun Yang, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-754-88900236, Fax +86-754-88900276, Email lujj770@163.com; yangx@stu.edu.cnIntroduction: Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are widely used as coating materials. However, the potential risks of AgNP to human health, especially for neural and vascular systems, are still poorly understood.Methods: The vascular and neurotoxicity of various concentrations of AgNP in zebrafish were examined using fluorescence microscopy. In addition, Illumina high-throughput global transcriptome analysis was performed to explore the transcriptome profiles of zebrafish embryos after exposure to AgNP. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted to elucidate the top 3000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AgNP-exposed and control groups.Results: We systematically investigated the neural and vascular developmental toxicities of AgNP exposure in zebrafish. The results demonstrated that AgNP exposure could cause neurodevelopmental anomalies, including a small-eye phenotype, neuronal morphology defects, and inhibition of athletic abilities. In addition, we found that AgNP exposure induces angiogenesis malformation in zebrafish embryos. Further RNA-seq revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) signaling pathways in AgNP-treated zebrafish embryos. Specifically, the mRNA levels of the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and Vegf signaling pathway-related genes, including si:ch73-55i23.1, nfatc2a, prkcg, si:ch211-132p1.2, lepa, mchr1b, pla2g4aa, rac1b, p2ry6, adrb2, chrnb1, and chrm1b, were significantly regulated in AgNP-treated zebrafish embryos.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that AgNP exposure transcriptionally induces developmental toxicity in neural and vascular development by disturbing neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions and the Vegf signaling pathway in zebrafish embryos.Keywords: silver nanoparticles, neurological development, vascular development, developmental toxicity, zebrafish

Shan Tang,1 Jingxiao Lu,1 Cheng Xu,2 Lu Wei,1 Shenglan Mei,1 Rong Chen,1,2 Qing-Tao Meng1,2 1Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Qing-Tao Meng, Tel +8615178857650, Email mengqingtao2018@126.comPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remazolam compared with propofol in patients who underwent laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion without the use of muscle relaxant agents during hysteroscopic surgery.Patients and Methods: A total of 72 patients undergoing hysteroscopy with LMA insertion were assigned to two groups. The patients in the remazolam group received 0.3 μg/kg sufentanil, 0.3 mg/kg remazolam and 1.2 mg/kg remifentanil, whereas the patients in the propofol group received 0.3 μg/kg sufentanil, 2.0 mg/kg propofol and 1.2 mg/kg remifentanil for insertion of the LMA. The primary endpoint was the summed score of the insertion conditions. The secondary endpoints included hemodynamics, the duration of induction, the duration of insertion, tidal volume, plateau pressure and adverse events.Results: No difference was identified between the propofol group and remazolam group in the median summed score [18.0 (18.0, 18.0), 18.0 (17.0, 18.0), respectively, P > 0.05]. The induction duration was significantly longer (P < 0.05) in the remazolam group than propofol group. The cost of dopamine (P < 0.05) was significantly lower in the remazolam group compared with the patients in the propofol group, while the plateau pressure (P < 0.05) and the incidence of transient mild laryngospasm (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the remazolam group. No differences were identified between the two groups in terms of heart rate, tidal volume, injection pain or hiccups (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Remazolam provided similar insertion conditions and better hemodynamic stability than propofol during LMA insertion without the use of muscle relaxant agents. However, a higher incidence of transient mild laryngospasm was found in the remazolam group, which should be considered.Keywords: remazolam, propofol, laryngeal mask airway, muscle relaxants

Daya Zhang,1,&ast; Lijun Zhang,2,&ast; Shiju Chen,1,&ast; Runxiang Chen,1 Xiaodong Zhang,1 Feihu Bai3,4 1Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China; 2Medical Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China; 4The Gastroenterology Clinical Medical Center of Hainan Province, Haikou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Feihu Bai, Chief Physician and Professor of Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Yehai Avenue, &num;368, Longhua District, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18995181963, Fax +86 898-66809168, Email 328473521@qq.comBackground: The prevalence of metabolism-related fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been rarely reported in hospital staffs. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for MAFLD in hospital staffs aged ≥ 18 years.Methods: Based on type B ultrasonic, hospital staffs who underwent medical examinations at the second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from January 2022 to March 2022 were classified into health control group (661 subjects) and MAFLD group (223 subjects), demographic, biochemical and blood examination information were compared between 2 groups. Independent risk factors for MAFLD were determined by logistic regression. Predictive values of risk factors of MAFLD were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: The prevalence of MAFLD was 33.7%. Older age (OR=1.08, p< 0.001), H. pylori infection (OR=0.234, p=0.02), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) (OR=7.001, p< 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR=2.076, p= 0.028), red blood cell (RBC) (OR=2.386, p=0.001), eating out (OR=0.048, p=0.001), regular exercise (OR=23.017, p< 0.001), and overweight (OR=3.891, p= 0.003) were independently associated factors for MAFLD. The AUC of model predicting MAFLD is 0.910 [95% CI (0.886, 0.934)], with 0.794 sensitivity, 0.908 specificity. The diagnostic value of model was higher in the female MAFLD group after stratified analysis according to gender. The model showed that TyG was the factor contributing more to MAFLD. The diagnostic value of TyG was higher in the female MAFLD group than male MAFLD group.Conclusion: The prevalence of MAFLD among hospital staffs was 33.7%. TyG can be used to predict MAFLD especially for female hospital staffs for early intervention.Keywords: metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, MAFLD, hospital staffs, risk factors, triglyceride-glucose index, TyG, red blood cell, RBC, H. pylori infection

Yi Xiong,1,2,&ast; Yani Luo,2,&ast; Ting Yuwen,2,&ast; Jiana Li,2 Rongchang Chen,3 Fei Shi1 1Emergency Department, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Shenzhen Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rongchang Chen, Email chenrc@vip.163.com Fei Shi, Email shi.fei@szhospital.comPurpose: Airway remodeling is a significant pathological change of asthma. This study aimed to detect differentially expressed microRNAs in the serum of asthma patients and airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) of asthmatic mice, exploring their role in the airway remodeling of asthma.Methods: The differentially expressed microRNAs in the serum of mild and moderate-severe asthma patients compared to healthy subjects were revealed using the “limma” package. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was used to annotate the functions of microRNA target genes. The relative expressions of miR-107 (miR-107-3p in mice sharing the same sequence) in the primary airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) of the asthma mice model were tested by RT-qPCR. Cyclin-dependent kinases 6 (Cdk6), a target gene of miR-107, was predicted by algorithms and validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western blot. The roles of miR-107, Cdk6, and protein Retinoblastoma (Rb) in ASMCs were examined by transwell assay and EDU KIT in vitro.Results: The expression of miR-107 was down-regulated in both mild and moderate-severe asthma patients. Intriguingly, the level of miR-107 was also decreased in ASMCs of the asthma mice model. Up-regulating miR-107 suppressed ASMCs’ proliferation by targeting Cdk6 and the phosphorylation level of Rb. Increasing the expression of Cdk6 or suppressing Rb activity abrogated the proliferation inhibition effect of ASMCs induced by miR-107. In addition, miR-107 also inhibits ASMC migration by targeting Cdk6.Conclusion: The expression of miR-107 is down-regulated in serums of asthma patients and ASMCs of asthmatic mice. It plays a critical role in regulating the proliferation and migration of ASMCs via targeting Cdk6.Keywords: asthma, microRNA microarray, airway smooth muscle cells, miR-107, Cdk6

Tuochao Peng, Shuangquan Qu, Zhen Du, Zheng Chen, Ting Xiao, Ru Chen Department of Anesthesia and Surgery, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tuochao Peng, Department of Anesthesia and Surgery, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13755074295, Email 258014811@qq.comPurpose: We performed this systematic review to summarize the psychometric properties of Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) scale in pediatric patients in different settings.Methods: Two investigators independently searched PubMed, EMBASE, OVID and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for eligible studies through July 2021. We assessed the psychometric properties using the modified critical appraisal tool (CAT). Finally, we systematically reviewed the results of the included studies.Results: A total of 15 studies were eventually included. The overall quality of each eligible study was low to moderate. The FLACC scale has been available in different versions and in different settings. Although eligible studies have demonstrated significant clinical benefit in assessing postoperative pain in pediatric patients aged 0 to 10 years from post-anesthetic care unit (PACU), pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and inpatient unit, and in assessing procedural pain in pediatric patients aged 0.5 to 7 years from emergency unit, immunization center and PICU, mostly without test-retest analysis.Conclusion: Although the absence of a gold standard of pain assessment, the currently available data support the usefulness of the FLACC from the perspective of criterion validity. Therefore, the FLACC scale can be considered for measuring observational pain in infants and children. However, further studies are still needed to provide more robust evidence.Keywords: children, FLACC scale, infants, pain assessment, systematic review

Qian Huang,1,&ast; Xing Chen,1,2,&ast; Hui Yan Shen,1 Jia Mou Zhou,1 He Qiao Zhang,1 Li Wang,1 Ren Chen,1 Jing Cheng,1 Yan Zhang,1 Dong Mei Zhang,1 Gui Mei Chen1 1School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Gui Mei Chen; Dong Mei Zhang, Email chengm@ahmu.edu.cn; zdmd@sina.comPurpose: We aimed to analyze the relationship between handgrip strength/relative handgrip strength among older Han adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by gender to determine the optimal cut-off value of grip strength for older adults.Methods: A multi-stage sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey and physical examination of 6128 older adults in Anhui Province. Chi-squares tests, t-tests, analysis of variance, and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association between handgrip strength/relative handgrip strength and T2DM between the sexes. The decision tree model (CRT) was used to explore the predictive value of handgrip strength /relative handgrip strength on T2DM.Results: There was an association between handgrip strength and T2DM (P = 0.006, OR = 0.985, 95% CI = 0.975, 0.996), which was found in females (P = 0.013, OR = 0.978, 95% CI = 0.961, 0.995) but not in males (P = 0.125, OR = 0.989, 95% CI = 0.976, 1.003). Relative handgrip strength was also correlated with T2DM (P = 0.014, OR = 0.730, 95% CI = 0.568, 0.939), which was found in females (P = 0.003, OR = 0.534, 95% CI = 0.352, 0.809) but not in males (P = 0.432, OR = 0.879, 95% CI = 0.638, 1.212). The incidence of T2DM in elderly females with hypertension who were uneducated and with a handgrip strength of < 17.350 kg was 24.3% (115 cases), whereas that in elderly females with hypertension and a relative handgrip strength of < 0.240 was 29.0% (127 cases).Conclusion: According to our results, handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength were associated with T2DM. People with hypertension had a higher risk of T2DM in women with a handgrip strength of ≤ 17.350kg and a relative grip strength of ≤ 0.240. Further research is needed to validate the effectiveness of this cut-off for implementing interventions and avoiding risks.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, handgrip strength, gender, older adult

Haoyu Ge,1,2,&ast; Jie Qiao,1,2,&ast; Hao Xu,2 Ruishan Liu,2 Junhui Zhao,3 Ruyan Chen,1 Chenyu Li,1 Mantao Chen,4 Xiaobing Guo1 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaobing Guo, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 371 6627 8237, Fax +86 371 6691 3569, Email gxbing928@zzu.edu.cnPurpose: The frequent and inappropriate use of antibiotics has caused a dramatic rise in the number, species, and degree of multi-drug resistant bacteria, making them more prevalent and difficult to treat. In this context, the aim of the present study was to characterize the OXA-484-producing strains isolated from a perianal swab of a patient by using whole-genome analysis.Patients and Methods: In this study, carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella variicola was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), average nucleotide identity (ANI) and PCR. S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) and Southern blotting were utilized to characterize the plasmid profiles of K. variicola 4717. In particular, WGS was performed to obtain genomic information on this clinical isolate, and assemble all the plasmids of the blaOXA-484-harboring strain.Results: The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of K. variicola 4717 revealed that it was resistant to a range of antibiotics, including aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, methylene-sulfamer oxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefepime, and tigecycline. Its susceptibility to chloromycin was intermediate, while it was still susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, fosfomycin, and polymyxin B. The presence of two companion plasmids, p4717_1 and p4717_2, together with a plasmid carrying the blaOXA-484 gene was observed. An in-depth investigation of p4717-OXA-484 uncovered that it is an IncX3-type plasmid and shares a similar segment encoded by IS26. Given the similar genetic background, it was conceivable that blaOXA-484 could have developed from blaOXA-181 through a series of mutations.Conclusion: Herein, we described the first genome sequence of K. variicola strain harbouring the class D β-actamase blaOXA-484 in an Inc-X3-type plasmid. Our work also uncovered the genetic characterization of K. variicola 4717 and the importance of initiating antimicrobial detection promptly.Keywords: Klebsiella variicola, OXA-484, IncX3, mutation

Donghao Wang,1,&ast; Yingying Ren,2,&ast; Riken Chen,1,&ast; Xiangxia Zeng,1,&ast; Qiming Gan,1,&ast; Zhiyang Zhuang,1 Xiaofen Su,1 Kang Wu,1 Sun Zhang,1 Yongkang Tang,1 Shiwei Li,1 Haojie Zhang,1,3 Yanyan Zhou,1 Nuofu Zhang,1 Dongxing Zhao1 1State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sleep Medicine Center, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Medical Records and Statistics Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3The Clinical Medicine Department, Henan University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dongxing Zhao; Nuofu Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Sleep Medicine Center, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13650901411 ; +86-13600460056, Email rieast@msn.com; nfzhanggird@163.comObjective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-disordered breathing disease. We aimed to establish an improved screening questionnaire without physical examinations for OSA named the CNCQ-OSA (Chinese community questionnaire for OSA).Methods: A total of 2585 participants who visited sleep medicine center and underwent overnight polysomnography were grouped into two independent cohorts: derivation (n = 2180) and validation (n = 405). The CNCQ-OSA was designed according to the baseline of patients in derivation cohort. We comprehensively analyzed the data to evaluate the predictive value of the CNCQ-OSA, compared to the GOAL questionnaire, STOP-Bang questionnaire (SBQ) and NoSAS questionnaire.Results: The CNCQ-OSA included seven variables: loud snoring, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, male gender, apnea, sleepiness, hypertension and age ≥ 30, with a total score ranging from 7 to 16.7 points (≥ 13.5 points indicating high risk of OSA, ≥ 14.5 points indicating extremely high risk). In the derivation and validation cohorts, the areas under the curve of the CNCQ-OSA were 0.761 and 0.767, respectively. In the validation cohort, the sensitivity and specificity of a CNCQ-OSA score ≥ 13.5 points for the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5/h were 0.821 and 0.559, respectively (Youden index, 0.380), and the score ≥ 14.5 points were 0.494 and 0.887, respectively (Youden index, 0.375). The CNCQ-OSA had a better predictive value for AHI ≥ 5/h, AHI > 15/h and AHI > 30/h, with the highest Youden index, compared to the other questionnaires.Conclusion: The CNCQ-OSA can effectively identify the risk of OSA, which is appropriate for self-screening at home without physical examinations.Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea, screening, GOAL, STOP-Bang, NoSAS

Searches for electron antineutrino, muon neutrino, and muon antineutrino disappearance driven by sterile neutrino mixing have been carried out by the Daya Bay and MINOS+ collaborations. This Letter presents the combined results of these searches, along with exclusion results from the Bugey-3 reactor experiment, framed in a minimally extended four-neutrino scenario. Significantly improved constraints on the θ_{μe} mixing angle are derived that constitute the most constraining limits to date over five orders of magnitude in the mass-squared splitting Δm_{41}^{2}, excluding the 90% C.L. sterile-neutrino parameter space allowed by the LSND and MiniBooNE observations at 90% CL_{s} for Δm_{41}^{2}

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets have recently attracted increasing attention, as they provide a novel system for exploring 2D magnetism. However, intrinsic ferromagnetism in 2D systems has almost exclusively been observed at low temperatures, limiting their technological relevance. FeNGeTe2 (N=3, 4, and 5) systems are currently becoming the most attractive 2D vdW materials due to their relatively high Curie temperatures and large saturation magnetization. However, the nature of their complex yet intriguing magnetic behaviors is still unclear, in part due to the multiple inequivalent iron sites and iron vacancies. Here, we show evolution of magnetic ordering transitions in Fe5-xGeTe2 with high Curie temperature and a strong saturation magnetization using photoemission electron microscopy and transport measurements. At 275 K, the ferromagnet transitions to a ferrimagnet, and below 110 K transitions to a state with glassy clusters. These are evidenced from temperature-dependent magnetic stripe domain evolution and anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements. Our findings show a clear magnetic ground state of Fe5-xGeTe2 at room temperature which signals that Fe5-xGeTe2 system is a very promising candidate for spintronic devices and provides a material design pathway to further increase the Curie temperature and saturation moments in vdW ferromagnets.

Ru Chen,1,2,&ast; Ming Jiang,1,&ast; Bing Hu,1 Bin Fu,1 Ting Sun1 1Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Putian City, Putian City, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bin Fu; Ting Sun, Email urofbin@163.com; 361439919033@email.ncu.edu.cnBackground: Large numbers of studies have identified that procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD) family members play important roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in various cancers. However, the expression pattern, clinical value and function of PLOD family have yet to be analyzed systematically and comprehensively in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA).Methods: We investigated the transcriptional levels, genetic alteration, biological function, immune cell infiltration, data on survival of PLODs in patients with BLCA based on UALCAN, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), TIMER, STRING, cBioPortal and GSCALite databases. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed in R software using the Cluster Profiler Bioconductor package. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was established by STRING and visualized by using R version (3.6.3) software. Survival analysis was performed using the packages “survminer”.Results: The mRNA and protein expression patterns of PLOD family members were noticeably increased in BLC compared with normal tissue. The mRNA expression levels of PLOD1-2 genes were significantly correlated with histological subtypes and PLOD1 was significantly correlated with pathological stage. Furthermore, the high expression levels of PLOD1-2 were remarkably associated with poor overall survival (OS) in BLCA patients, meanwhile high expression levels of PLOD1 and PLOD3 were markedly associated with poor progression-free interval (PFI). In co-expression gene analysis, 50 genes were primarily associated with the differentially expressed PLODs in BLCA. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that protein hydroxylation, collagen fibril organization, and lysine degradation were key biological functions of PLODs in BLCA. Moreover, PLOD family genes were identified as being associated with the activities of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and closely associated with immune responses in BLCA.Conclusion: PLOD family members might serve as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for BLCA patients’ survival.Keywords: bladder cancer, PLODs, immune infiltration, prognosis, biomarker

Liwen Kuang,1,&ast; Chenchen Zhang,1,&ast; Binghui Li,1 Haibo Deng,1 Ran Chen,1 Gongchi Li2 1Department of Wound Repair Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Gongchi Li, Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613618615209, Email ligongchi@foxmail.comPurpose: Diabetic wound is a highly prevalent and refractory disease. Extensive studies have confirmed that keratinocytes and macrophages play an important role in the process of wound healing. Additionally, exosomes are regarded as a vital intercellular communication tool. This study aimed to investigate the role of human keratinocyte-derived exosomal MALAT1 in the treatment of diabetic wound by influencing the biological function of macrophages.Methods: We mainly assessed the function of MALAT1 on the biological changes of macrophages, and the expression of MALAT1 in the keratinocyte-exosomes analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The downstream interaction between RNAs or proteins was assessed by mechanistic experiments. Besides, we evaluated the effects of human keratinocyte-derived exosomal MALAT1 on diabetic wound healing in vivo to verify in vitro results.Results: We demonstrated that human keratinocyte-derived exosomal MALAT1 enhanced the biological functions of high glucose-injured macrophages, including phagocytosis, converting to a pro-healing phenotype and reducing apoptosis. Mechanistically, MALAT1 accelerated the expression of MFGE8 by competitively binding to miR-1914-3p, thereby affecting the function of macrophages and the signal axis of TGFB1/SMAD3, and finally promoting the healing of diabetic wounds. Human keratinocyte-derived exosomal MALAT1 might promote collagen deposition, ECM remodeling, and expression of MFGE8, VEGF, and CD31 but reduce the expression of TGFB and SMAD3 in an in vivo model of diabetic mice wounds, which accelerated diabetic wound healing and restored its function.Conclusion: The current study revealed that human keratinocyte-derived exosomal MALAT1 would suppress miR-1914-3p to activate MFGE8 and eventually promote wound healing by enhancing macrophage phagocytosis, converting to a pro-healing phenotype and reducing apoptosis. It proposed that keratinocyte-derived exosomes might have the capacity to serve as a new method for the clinical treatment of diabetic wound.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: exosomes, keratinocytes, macrophages, MALAT1, diabetic wound healing