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C60H76N18O32Nd2, monoclinic, P21/ c (no. 14), a = 10.609(5) Å, b = 31.215(5) Å, c = 12.407(4) Å, β = 116.54(3)°, V = 3676(2) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt( F) = 0.0450, wRref( F2) = 0.0910, T = 293(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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C16H12N6O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 4.791(5) Å, b = 28.156(5) Å, c = 5.747(5) Å, β = 109.941(5)°, V = 728.8(10) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0407, wRref(F2) = 0.0998, T = 293(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the vigorous development of photovoltaic industry, considerable amount of silicon cutting waste (SCW) has been generated and aroused a series of environmental problems. Current recycling methods focus on reutilizing the waste to prepare low‐value industrial Si, Al‐Si alloy, SiC block, and so forth. Herein, we have fully utilized the fine characteristic of SCW to prepare high‐value nano SiC particles with an average diameter of ∼30 nm through carbothermal synthesis at 1500°C for 2 h, and under Ar atmosphere. In the synthesis process, the SCW serves as the Si source and the phenolic resin serves as the C source. The synthesis process mainly includes two stages: the pyrolysis of phenolic resin and the synthesis process. The fine particles of the SCW and the pyrolytic carbon from the phenolic resin contribute to the formation of the nano SiC. Besides, the photoluminescence and Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) results show that the obtained SiC nanoparticle possesses a special photoluminescence and a favorable thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the crystal structure of the title compound 2,2-dimethyl-5-(((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)- amino)methylene)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (C11H13N3O4). Topics discussed include the synthesis of the title compound, experimental data, and refinement. Also provided are the supplementary materials which include fractional atomic coordinates, atomic displacement parameters, and geometric parameters.

• Excellent recoverable energy density W rec value (∼8.25 J/cm3) and a high η (∼71.26 %) are simultaneously obtained at a high BDS of 840 kV/cm. • KNN-0.075BLN-NN ceramics show good comprehensive energy storage performances and good mechanical properties simultaneously. • The phase field simulation is used to study the characteristic of electric breakdown and the effect of grain size on the breakdown strength. As one of the most potential lead-free dielectric capacitors in pulsed power systems, K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 (KNN)-based ceramic possesses comparatively high dielectric breakdown strength (BDS) due to its particular submicron grains. Nonetheless, it is hard to improve both the energy efficiency η and the recoverable energy density W rec of potassium sodium niobate ceramic at the same time. Herein, a composition optimization strategy is used, Bi(Li 0.5 Nb 0.5)O 3 (BLN) as a second component and NaNbO 3 (NN) as a third component are introduced into KNN-based ceramic. It is corroborated that BLN content facilitates the growth of polar nano-regions (PNRs), and then strengthens the relaxation behavior, lows the remnant polarization P r and upgrades the maximum polarization P max value of the ceramic. A transition from ferroelectricity to relaxation ferroelectricity occurred and an ultrahigh W rec of 10.03 J/cm3 with a η of 64.15 % and the BDS of 1140 kV/cm are gained in KNN-0.100BLN-NN ceramic, W rec of 8.25 J/cm3, η of 71.26 % and the BDS of 840 kV/cm are obtained in KNN-0.075BLN-NN ceramic. Besides, the KNN-0.075BLN-NN ceramic exists not only fine energy storage properties, but also high hardness and good temperature and frequency stability, confirming it's a feasible material to be applied in pulsed power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: A novel powdery mildew resistance gene Pm2Mb from Aegilops biuncialis was transferred into common wheat and mapped to chromosome 2MbL bin FL 0.49–0.66 by molecular cytogenetic analysis of 2Mb recombinants. Aegilops biuncialis, a wild relative of common wheat, is highly resistant to powdery mildew. Previous studies identified that chromosome 2Mb in Chinese Spring (CS)-Ae. biuncialis 2Mb disomic addition line TA7733 conferred high resistance to powdery mildew, and the resistance gene was temporarily designated as Pm2Mb. In this study, a total of 65 CS-Ae. biuncialis 2Mb recombinants were developed by ph1b-induced homoeologous recombination and they were grouped into 12 different types based on the presence of different markers of 2Mb-specificity. Segment sizes and breakpoints of each 2Mb recombinant type were further characterized using in situ hybridization and molecular marker analyses. Powdery mildew responses of each type were assessed by inoculation of each 2Mb recombinant-derived F2 progenies using the isolate E05. Combined analyses of in situ hybridization, molecular markers and powdery mildew resistance data of the 2Mb recombinants, the gene Pm2Mb was cytologically located to an interval of FL 0.49–0.66 in the long arm of 2Mb, where 19 2Mb-specific markers were located. Among the 65 2Mb recombinants, T-11 (T2DS.2DL-2MbL) and T-12 (Ti2DS.2DL-2MbL-2DL) contained a small 2MbL segment harboring Pm2Mb. Besides, a physical map of chromosome 2Mb was constructed with 70 2Mb-specific markers in 10 chromosomal bins and the map showed that submetacentric chromosome 2Mb of Ae. biuncialis was rearranged by a terminal intrachromosomal translocation. The newly developed 2Mb recombinants with powdery mildew resistance, the 2Mb-specific molecular markers and the physical map of chromosome 2Mb will benefit wheat disease breeding as well as fine mapping and cloning of Pm2Mb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • We apply a linear transformation method based on measurements at three isosbestic points in combination with hyperspectral imaging technology for detection of blood oxygen saturation in small intestine issues. • We visualize the detection results using pseudo-color images, which is expected to be an effective auxiliary detection method for the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a clinically significant vascular and gastrointestinal condition, which is closely related to the blood supply of the small intestine. Unfortunately, it is still challenging to properly discriminate small intestinal tissues with different degrees of ischemia. In this study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was used to construct pseudo-color images of oxygen saturation about small intestinal tissues and to discriminate different degrees of ischemia. First, several small intestine tissue models of New Zealand white rabbits were prepared and collected their hyperspectral data. Then, a set of isosbestic points were used to linearly transform the measurement data twice to match the reference spectra of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin, respectively. The oxygen saturation was measured at the characteristic peak band of oxyhemoglobin (560 nm). Ultimately, using the oxygenated hemoglobin reflectance spectrum as the benchmark, we obtained the relative amount of median oxygen saturation in normal tissues was 70.0 %, the IQR was 10.1 %, the relative amount of median oxygen saturation in ischemic tissues was 49.6 %, and the IQR was 14.6 %. The results demonstrate that HSI combined with the oxygen saturation computation method can efficiently differentiate between normal and ischemic regions of the small intestinal tissues. This technique provides a powerful support for internist to discriminate small bowel tissues with different degrees of ischemia, and also provides a new way of thinking for the diagnosis of AMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of flexible N-acylhydrazone-linked 2D COFs based on a triazine-containing monomer and functionalized terephthalic dihydrazides were developed. The coordinative allylic moiety decorated COF (TFDH-Allyl-IV) achieved an excellent iodine adsorption capacity in both vapor and solvent, meanwhile, the spent adsorbent (I 2 @TFDH-Allyl-IV) could be employed as efficient reusable catalysts for complicated organic synthesis. [Display omitted] • A series of flexible N -acylhydrazone-linked 2D COFs based on a triazine-containing monomer and functionalized terephthalic dihydrazides were developed. • The coordinative allyl decorated COF TFDH-Allyl-IV achieved an excellent iodine adsorption capacity of 6.32 g/g and 1228.04 mg/g in vapor and in n-hexane solvent, respectively. • Mechanism studies demonstrated that the distal C = C bonds decorated on COF moiety could cooperate with iodine to generate a relatively stable I 2 :olefin complex. • The spent adsorbent (I 2 @TFDH-Allyl-IV) could be employed as efficient reusable catalysts in complicated organic reactions. • The first reusable I 2 supported catalyst employed for heterogeneous oxidative cyclization reaction of N -phenylbenzamidine and acetophenone to synthesis multi-substituted imidazoles with air as the oxidant. Two types of flexible N -acylhydrazone-linked 2D COFs based on the triazine-containing monomer and the allyl or propyl group modified terephthalic dihydrazide monomer were synthesized. The effect of the synthesis temperature on the surface morphology and crystallinity was studied and the results demonstrated that the synthesis temperature could lead to significant changes in the surface morphology of COFs. What's more, the coordinative allylic moiety decorated COF (TFDH-Allyl-IV) achieved an excellent iodine adsorption capacity of 6.32 g/g and 1228.04 mg/g in vapor and in n-hexane solvent, respectively. The controlled experiments including XPS, Raman spectra, solid-state 13C NMR studies and the DFT calculations demonstrated that the high adsorption capacity was endowed by the incorporation of the distal C = C bonds with iodine, generating a relatively stable I 2 :olefin complex. What's more, the iodine-loaded adsorbent (I 2 @TFDH-Allyl-IV) could be employed as efficient reusable molecular iodine supported catalyst for organic reactions, such as the Friedel-Crafts-type reactions and oxidative cyclization reactions, which extended the potential application scope of these COFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To eliminate the effect of humidity on nanopapers from nanocellulose, esters of CNCs (ECNCs) were synthesized via acylation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with fatty acids and Trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). The structure information of ECNCs was confirmed via FTIR, degree of substitution (DS) determination, and XRD, respectively. With the increase of DS, the ECNCs could be dissolved in dichloromethane, which provided a ready way for fabrication of ECNCs films via casting/evaporation method. The tensile property, transmittance, hydrophobicity, thermal property and oxygen permeability of films were tested with universal tensile tester, UV–vis spectrophotometer, Contact angle tester, Simultaneous thermal analyzer and Oxygen permeability tester, respectively. With the increase of DS, the contact angles of ECNCs increased, and the water uptake decreased. The enhancement of hydrophobicity promised the preservation of tensile parameters for films after water absorbing. The hydrophobicity, high transmittance, and high oxygen barrier property make films have potential application in packaging filed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The splendid energy storage performances with eminent stability of dielectric ceramics utilized in pulsed power devices have been paid more attention by researchers. This scheme can be basically realized through introducing Li + , Bi(Mg 2/3 Ta 1/3 )O 3 , NaNbO 3 , and LiF into KNN-based ceramics. Under the breakdown strength (BDS) of 460 kV/cm, an outstanding energy storage density ( W ) of 6.05 J/cm 3 with a high energy efficiency (η) of 85.9% is implemented. Within the broad temperature range from 20 to 140 °C, the numerical fluctuations of energy storage characteristics can be maintained at a relatively stable level (Δ W rec ≈ 3.5%, Δη ≈ 2.8%). As for the charging-discharging performances, this component possesses a fast discharging speed ( t 0.90 ≈ 51 ns) and remarkable temperature stability (the variations are smaller than 3.5%). Additionally, the internal mechanisms of outstanding energy storage properties can be confirmed via crystal structures and domain structures, the content of oxygen vacancies, dielectric and impedance spectra, and phase simulation. Hence, the combination of outstanding energy storage with remarkable thermal stability can be fulfilled in one ceramic system according to this discovery, providing a research thought of developing the materials for dielectric capacitors.

On-surface synthesis has become a prominent method for growing low-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials on metal surfaces. However, the necessity of decoupling organic nanostructures from metal substrates to exploit their properties requires either transfer methods or new strategies to perform reactions directly on inert surfaces. The use of on-surface light-induced reactions directly on semiconductor/insulating surfaces represents an alternative approach to address these challenges. Here, exploring the photochemical activity of different organic molecules on a SnSe semiconductor surface under ultra-high vacuum, we present a novel on-surface light-induced reaction. The selective photodissociation of the anhydride group is observed, releasing CO and CO 2 . Moreover, we rationalize the relationship between the photochemical activity and the π-conjugation of the molecular core. The different experimental behaviour of two model anhydrides was elucidated by theoretical calculations, showing how the molecular structure influences the distribution of the excited states. Our findings open new pathways for on-surface synthesis directly on technologically relevant substrates., (© 2024 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Open-shell nanographenes exhibit unconventional π-magnetism arising from topological frustration or strong electron-electron interaction. However, conventional design approaches are typically limited to a single magnetic origin, which can restrict the number of correlated spins or the type of magnetic ordering in open-shell nanographenes. Here we present a design strategy that combines topological frustration and electron-electron interactions to fabricate a large fully fused 'butterfly'-shaped tetraradical nanographene on Au(111). We employ bond-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy and spin-excitation spectroscopy to resolve the molecular backbone and reveal the strongly correlated open-shell character, respectively. This nanographene contains four unpaired electrons with both ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic interactions, harbouring a many-body singlet ground state and strong multi-spin entanglement, which is well described by many-body calculations. Furthermore, we study the magnetic properties and spin states in the nanographene using a nickelocene magnetic probe. The ability to imprint and characterize many-body strongly correlated spins in polyradical nanographenes paves the way for future advancements in quantum information technologies., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

The incorporation of non-benzenoid motifs in graphene nanostructures significantly impacts their properties, making them attractive for applications in carbon-based electronics. However, understanding how specific non-benzenoid structures influence their properties remains limited, and further investigations are needed to fully comprehend their implications. Here, we report an on-surface synthetic strategy toward fabricating non-benzenoid nanographenes containing different combinations of pentagonal and heptagonal rings. Their structure and electronic properties were investigated via scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, complemented by computational investigations. After thermal activation of the precursor P on the Au(111) surface, we detected two major nanographene products. Nanographene A a-a embeds two azulene units formed through oxidative ring-closure of methyl substituents, while A a-s contains one azulene unit and one Stone-Wales defect, formed by the combination of oxidative ring-closure and skeletal ring-rearrangement reactions. A a-a exhibits an antiferromagnetic ground state with the highest magnetic exchange coupling reported up to date for a non-benzenoid containing nanographene, coexisting with side-products with closed shell configurations resulted from the combination of ring-closure and ring-rearragement reactions (B a-a , B a-s , B s-a and B s-s ). Our results provide insights into the single gold atom assisted synthesis of novel NGs containing non-benzenoid motifs and their tailored electronic/magnetic properties., (© 2024 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

A method for spectral reflectance factor reconstruction based on wideband multi-illuminant imaging was proposed, using a programmable LED lighting system and modified Bare Bones Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms. From a set of 16 LEDs with different spectral power distributions, nine light sources with correlated color temperatures in the range of 1924 K - 15746 K, most of them daylight simulators, were generated. Samples from three color charts (X-Rite ColorChecker Digital SG, SCOCIE ScoColor paint chart, and SCOCIE ScoColor textile chart), were captured by a color industrial camera under the nine light sources, and used in sequence as training and/or testing colors. The spectral reconstruction models achieved under multi-illuminant imaging were trained and tested using the canonical Bare Bones Particle Swarm Optimization and its proposed modifications, along with six additional and commonly used algorithms. The impacts of different illuminants, illuminant combinations, algorithms, and training colors on reconstruction accuracy were studied comprehensively. The results indicated that training colors covering larger regions of color space give more accurate reconstructions of spectral reflectance factors, and combinations of two illuminants with a large difference of correlated color temperature achieve more than twice the accuracy of that under a single illuminant. Specifically, the average reconstruction error by the method proposed in this paper for patches from two color charts under A + D90 light sources was 0.94 and 1.08 CIEDE2000 color difference units. The results of the experiment also confirmed that some reconstruction algorithms are unsuitable for predicting spectral reflectance factors from multi-illuminant images due to the complexity of optimization problems and insufficient accuracy. The proposed reconstruction method has many advantages, such as being simple in operation, with no requirement of prior knowledge, and easy to implement in non-contact color measurement and color reproduction devices.

Purpose of the Review: Emerging evidence has shown that ankylosing spondylitis fibroblasts (ASFs) act as crucial participants in inflammation and abnormal ossification in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This review examines the investigations into ASFs and their pathological behavior, which contributes to inflammatory microenvironments and abnormal bone formation. The review spans the period from 2000 to 2023, with a primary focus on the most recent decade. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth discussion on studies on ASF ossification at the cellular level., Recent Findings: ASFs organize immune functions by recruiting immune cells and influencing their differentiation and activation, thus mediate the inflammatory response in the early phase of disease. ASFs promote joint destruction at sites of cartilage and actively promote abnormal ossification by recruiting osteoblasts, differentiation into myofibroblasts or ossification directly. Many signaling pathways and cytokines such as Wnt signaling and BMP/TGF-β signaling are involved in ASF ossification., Summary: ASFs play a key role in AS inflammation and osteogenesis. Further studies are required to elucidate molecular mechanisms behind that and provide new targets and directions for AS diagnosis and treatment from a new perspective of fibroblasts., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests in this work., (© 2023 Liu et al.)

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt ), is one of the most damaging foliage diseases of wheat across the world. Aegilops geniculata Roth is a valuable gene resource for enhancing wheat resistance to powdery mildew. This study identified Ae . geniculata accession PI 487224 as immune and PI 487228 as susceptible to powdery mildew. Genetic analysis of the F 1 , F 2 , and F 2:3 progeny derived from PI 487224 × PI 487228 showed that powdery mildew resistance in PI 487224 was controlled by two independent dominant genes located on two different nonhomologous chromosomes. By combing bulked segregant RNA-Seq, genetic linkage analysis of a single resistance gene segregation population, and marker analysis of a set of 14 wheat- Ae . geniculata chromosome addition lines, one of the resistance genes, temperately designated PmAege7M , was mapped to a 4.9-cM interval flanked by markers STS7-55926 and SNP7-45792/STS7-65911 on the long arm of chromosome 7 M g of PI 487224, spanning 604.73 to 622.82 Mb on the 7D long arm based on the Ae. tauschii reference genome (Aet_v4.0). The map and closely linked markers of PmAege7M from Ae . geniculata in this study will facilitate the transfer of PmAege7M into common wheat and fine mapping of the gene., Competing Interests: The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.

In this study, we have utilized corn bract, a green agricultural by-product, as a carrier. It is subsequently modified with zinc sulfide to synthesize an efficient composite material termed as corn bract/polydopamine@zinc sulfide (CB/PDA@ZnS). This novel composite demonstrates significant potential for biomass removal of mercury ions (Hg(II)). The composition, structure, and morphology of CB/PDA@ZnS composites are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of pH value, adsorbent dosage, initial Hg(II) concentration, adsorption time and temperature, and coexistence ions on the adsorption behavior is investigated. The results show that CB/PDA@ZnS can efficiently remove Hg(II) from water with uptake capacities of 333.03 mg/g and removal efficiency of 99.91% under an optimal conditions (pH of 3, the adsorbent dosage of 0.015 g, contact time of 90 min, and initial concentration of 100 mg/L) at room temperature. The fitting analysis of the experimental data reveals that the adsorption process of Hg(II) follows the quasi-secondary adsorption kinetic model as well as the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, which is a spontaneous heat absorption process. In addition, the composite adsorbent obtained exhibit excellent selectivity for Hg(II) ions and anti-coexisting ion interference performance. After five cycles of adsorption-desorption experiments, the corresponding adsorption capacity is 331.11 mg/g, accounting for 93.33% of the first adsorption capacity, indicating that the adsorbent has excellent regeneration performance. The stability of the adsorbent and the adsorption mechanism of Hg(II) ion are systematically discussed using FT-IR, XRD, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Finally, this adsorbent is tested for the removal of industrial wastewater containing Hg(II), and the adsorption and removal efficiency are 331.67 mg/g and 99.50%, respectively. This study provides a very valuable information for future Hg(II) removal from aqueous solutions., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

As known, mercury contamination is one of the current environmental issues due to the high toxicity of mercury. Corn bract (CB) is an agricultural by-product, and its final treatment is generally incineration that causes air pollution. In this study, a new type of high-efficiency biomass adsorbent (CB@MoS 2 ) for adsorption of Hg(ii) was obtained, and its morphology and structure were characterized with FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM. The results showed that when the pH value, Hg(ii) ion concentration and adsorption time were 4, 100 mg L -1 and 120 min, the adsorption capacity and removal rate could reach 332.50 mg g -1 and 99.75%. In addition, CB@MoS 2 had a good selectivity for Hg(ii) ions. The adsorption behavior followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating that the adsorption of Hg(ii) ions by CB@MoS 2 was a chemical adsorption. After five adsorption-desorption experiments, it still possessed good adsorption performance and effective regeneration. In short, CB@MoS 2 has high efficiency and good reusability, and will become a candidate material for the treatment of mercury-containing industrial wastewater., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Atomic scale defects significantly affect the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of π-conjugated polymers. Here, isolated atomic-scale defects are deliberately introduced into a prototypical anthracene-ethynylene π-conjugated polymer, and its local density of states is carefully examined on the atomic scale to show how individual defects modify the inherent electronic and magnetic properties of this one-dimensional systems. Scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy experiments, supplemented with density functional theory calculations, reveal the existence of a sharp electronic resonance at the Fermi energy around certain defects, which is associated with the formation of a local magnetic moment accompanied by substantial mitigation of the mobility of charge carriers. While defects in traditionally synthesized polymers lead to arbitrary conformations, the presented results clearly reflect the preferential formation of low dimensional defects at specific polymer sites, which may introduce the possibility of engineering macroscopic defects in surface-synthesized conjugated polymers., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Powdery mildew of wheat is a foliar disease that is spread worldwide. Cultivation of resistant varieties is the most effective, economical, and environmentally friendly strategy to curb this disease. Powdery mildew resistance genes ( Pm ) are the primary resources for resistance breeding, and new Pm genes are in constant demand. Previously, we identified Aegilops longissima chromosome 6S l #3 as a carrier of powdery mildew resistance and designated the resistance gene as Pm6Sl . Here, we reported the design of 24 markers specific to 6S l #3 on the basis of the full-length cDNA sequences of 6S l #3 donor Ae . longissma accession TA1910, and the development of wheat- Ae. longissima 6S l #3 introgression stocks by ph1b- induced homoeologous recombination. Further, 6S l #3 introgression lines were identified and characterized by integration analysis of powdery mildew responses, in situ hybridization, and molecular markers and Pm6Sl was mapped to a distal interval of 42.80 Mb between markers Ael58410 and Ael57699 in the long arm of 6S l #3. Two resistant recombinants, R43 (T6BS.6BL-6S l #3L) and T27 (Ti6AS.6AL-6S l #3L-6AL), contained segments harboring Pm6Sl with less than 8% of 6S l #3 genomic length, and two markers were diagnostic for Pm6Sl . This study broadened powdery mildew resistance gene resources for wheat improvement and provided a fundamental basis for fine mapping and cloning of Pm6Sl to further understand its molecular mechanism of disease resistance., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Tian, Chen, Ma, Men, Liu, Zhao, Qian, Fan, Miao, He, Sehgal, Li and Liu.)

We report an example that demonstrates the clear interdependence between surface-supported reactions and molecular-adsorption configurations. Two biphenyl-based molecules with two and four bromine substituents, i.e., 2,2'-dibromobiphenyl (DBBP) and 2,2',6,6'-tetrabromo-1,1'-biphenyl (TBBP), show completely different reaction pathways on a Ag(111) surface, leading to the selective formation of dibenzo[ e , l ]pyrene and biphenylene dimer, respectively. By combining low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, we unravel the underlying reaction mechanism. After debromination, a biradical biphenyl can be stabilized by surface Ag adatoms, while a four-radical biphenyl undergoes spontaneous intramolecular annulation due to its extreme instability on Ag(111). Such different chemisorption-induced precursor states between DBBP and TBBP consequently lead to different reaction pathways after further annealing. In addition, using bond-resolving scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we determine with atomic precision the bond-length alternation of the biphenylene dimer product, which contains 4-, 6-, and 8-membered rings. The 4-membered ring units turn out to be radialene structures.

Powdery mildew of wheat, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici , is a destructive disease of common wheat. Cultivation of resistant varieties is the most cost-effective disease management strategy. Previous studies reported that chromosome 3S l #2 present in Chinese Spring (CS)- Aegilops longissima 3S l #2(3B) disomic substitution line TA3575 conferred resistance to powdery mildew. In this study, we further located the powdery mildew resistance gene(s) to the short arm of chromosome 3S l #2 (3S l #2S) by evaluating for B. graminis f. sp. tritici resistance of newly developed CS- Ae. longissima 3S l #2 translocation lines. Meanwhile, TA7545, a previously designated CS- Ae. longissima 3S l #3 disomic addition line, was reidentified as an isochromosome 3S l #3S addition line and evaluated to confer resistance to powdery mildew, thus locating the resistance gene(s) to the short arm of chromosome 3S l #3 (3S l #3S). Based on transcriptome sequences of TA3575, 10 novel chromosome 3S l S-specific markers were developed, of which 5 could be used to distinguish between 3S l #2S and 3S l #3S derived from Ae. longissima accessions TL20 and TA1910 (TAM4) and the remaining 5 could identify both 3S l #2S and 3S l #3S. Also, CL897, one of five markers specific to both 3S l #2S and 3S l #3S, could be used to detect Pm13 located at chromosome 3S l #1S from Ae. longissima accession TL01 in diverse wheat genetic backgrounds. The powdery mildew resistance genes on chromosomes 3S l #2S and 3S l #3S, the CS- Ae. longissima 3S l #2 translocation lines, and the 3S l S-specific markers developed in this study will facilitate the transfer of B. graminis f. sp. tritici resistance genes into common wheat and provide new germplasm resources for powdery mildew resistance breeding.

In the title compound, C(8)H(7)F(3)N(2)O, the OH and NH(2) substituents adopt a Z configuration with respect to the C=N bond. The hy-droxy-imidamide unit is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.007 Å) and subtends an angle of 26.25 (13)° with the benzene ring. The F atoms of the trifluoro-methyl substituent are disordered over two sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.783 (15):0.217 (15). In the crystal, O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric dimers. Additional N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the dimers into zigzag chains along the b axis. Weak inter-molecular F⋯F contacts of 2.714 (5) Å are also observed.