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Skeletal class III with mandibular prognathism is a condition in which the mandible is advanced anteriorly involving the teeth and jawbone, resulting in occlusion deviation. This disorder varies by race. 97 samples were obtained from the Oral Surgery department of Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Padjadjaran University Dental Hospital, and dental clinics in Bandung, Jakarta, and Semarang, separated into two groups, namely the case group III Skeletal with Mandibular Prognathism and the control group based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then a cephalometric examination was carried out to obtain the values of SNA, SNB, ANB, ramus height, corpus length, gonion angle, BUI classification, OP-SN angle, and SN-MP angle. 47 samples with an average SNA score of 860 and an SNB score of 91.50 were included in the case group. The case group averaged a ramus length of 5.43 cm, a corpus length of 8.74 cm, and a gonion angle of 130.10. The MP-SN angle is 270>, the OP-SN angle is 140>, and the average includes clusters 4 and 5 of the BUI classification. The MP-SN angle is formed between the mandibular plane line and the cranial base, averaging 230-370. The development of the face in the vertical direction is related to the growth pattern of the maxilla and mandible. In the sample group of class III prognathic mandibles, it was found that the number of samples that had an SN-MP angle greater than 270 was 25 samples or 62.5%. The OPSN angle value between the lines SN (cranial base) and OP (occlusal plane) has a standard value of 140; if the value is greater than the standard value, it indicates that the individual has excessive vertical growth whereas if the value is smaller than the average value, the title suggests an individual with excessive horizontal growth.6 The sample group of corner cases is smaller than 140, totalling 33 samples or 82.5%. The BUI classification shows clusters 4 and 5 do not belong to the long face category. Skeletal class III samples with the Deutero-Malay race's mandibular prognathism show shorter than long faces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study was to provide a clinical treatment reference for acute pancreatitis (AP) with infection, we analyzed the clinical and genomic characteristic of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates from AP with infection in China. Methods: Our clinical database was retrospectively analyzed with focus on the carbapenem-resistant characteristics among AP with infection in our Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to analyze the antibiotic resistance gene, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed to study the relevant phenotype in vitro. The CRISPR-Cas9 system was used to verify the relevant phenotype. Results: Based on 2,211 AST data of 627 AP patients with infection, CRKP had the highest proportion among carbapenem- resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), at 37.8% for imipenem and 45.3% for meropenem. WGS revealed key β-lactamase genes, specifically blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-65, blaKPC-2, blaLAP-2, blaNDM-5, blaTEM-181, blaOXA-1, and blaSHV. A total of 31.3% of CRKP were NDM-5-KPC-2-producing strains, and NDM-5-producing CRKP was resistant to imipenem/meropenem combined with avibactam, with an MIC of 512 mg/L. In addition, after knocking out blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-5, NDM-5-producing and KPC-2-producing CRKP had the same resistance level to imipenem/ meropenem. Conclusions: We first provided key insights into the clinical and genomic characteristic of CRKP in AP with infection and then made it clear that NDM-5 and KPC-2 had the same resistance level to carbapenems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we describe the process of construction of solution to Initial Value Problem for some quasi-linear non-strictly hyperbolic equation. Using a General integral, the non-linear version of Cauchy problem is investigated. We also depict the structure of domain where the solution is defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulva sp. is green macroalgae with a high potential for nutrient-dense food production. This species is found on a coastline in the intertidal zone of Indonesia's waters. There has been research on this species starting from post-harvest handling, nutrition, probiotics, and its ulvaran, however, information on the effect of temperature storage on Ulva lactuca freshness is still lacking. This study was undergone to evaluate the freshness quality of U. lactuca by sensory changes in different temperatures short-term storage. In order to evaluate the effect of the different storage circumstances, the fresh U. lactuca was collected from its natural habitat (intertidal zone of Sepanjang Coast, Yogyakarta Indonesia). It was rinsed from debris and epiphyte, stored in a transparent polyethylene bag, and stored at 4 °C, 15-20 °C, and room temperature for five days. Color, pH, ash, moisture, crude protein, chlorophyll, Total Plate Count, and sensory analysis was undergone during the storage period. The sensory evaluation score of U. lactuca in 4 °C was more than 6, and better than other storages. The crude protein (U. lactuca stored in 4 °C) decreased significantly on day 4 by 5.53%, it was lower than others. The TPC of all samples varied from 147x103in 0 days of storage to 2,462.5x103 CFU/ml on the last day of storage. In summary, the sensory scores of U. lactuca are more consistent and higher at 4 °C than in other storage conditions, despite a slight decline in nutrient content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the ultrasonic–thermal regeneration of powdered activated carbon (PAC) spent using 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). Similarly, a thermal regeneration process was also studied and the reaction conditions (i.e., regeneration temperature, heating rate, regeneration time) were tested. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were applied to characterize the regenerated PACs under different treatments (thermal, ultrasonic and ultrasonic–thermal) and also compare them with the fresh and exhausted PACs. According to our regeneration observations, the ideal regeneration parameters were determined to be a 40 kHz frequency, 0.18 W/mL sonication power, 0.1 M NaOH and 50% (v/v) ethyl alcohol as the regeneration solution, and 1 g/L of saturated PAC mass with thermal regeneration as the second stage at 500 °C, desorbed for 30 min with a heating rate of 20 °C min−1. Under these conditions, the RE value achieved 90.99% and the η value reached 5.6%. The results of FTIR, XPS and XRD revealed that the oxygen functional group content of ultrasonic–thermal regenerated PAC significantly increased. These oxygenous groups exerted a positive effect on the adsorption process of the regenerated PAC and the subsequent adsorption–regeneration process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: Sepsis, including neonatal sepsis, remains a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries such as India, representing 85 per cent of all sepsis-related deaths globally. Early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment is challenging due to non-specific clinical manifestations and non-availability of rapid diagnostic tests. There is an urgent need for affordable diagnostics with fast turnaround time catering to the needs of end-users. Target product profiles (TPPs) have been found instrumental in developing ‘fit-for-use’ diagnostics, thus reducing the time taken to facilitate development and improving diagnosis. Hitherto, no such guidance or criteria has been defined for rapid diagnostics for sepsis/neonatal sepsis. We propose an innovative approach for developing the diagnostics for sepsis screening and diagnosis which can be utilized by diagnostic developers in the country. Methods: Three-round Delphi method, including two online surveys and one virtual consultation, was adopted to define criteria for minimum and optimum attributes of TPPs and build consensus on characteristics. Expert panel (n=23) included infectious disease physicians, public health specialists, clinical microbiologists, virologists, researchers/scientists and technology experts/ innovators. Results: We present a three-component product profile for sepsis diagnosis, (i) screening with high sensitivity, (ii) detection of aetiological agent, and (iii) profiling of antimicrobial susceptibility/ resistance, in adults and neonates with an option of testing different considerations. An agreement of >75 per cent was achieved for all TPP characteristics by Delphi. These TPPs are tailored to the Indian healthcare settings and can also be extrapolated to other resource-constraint and high-disease burden settings. Interpretation & conclusions: Diagnostics developed using these TPPs will facilitate utilization of invested resources leading to development of the products that have potential to ease the economic burden on patient and save lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Ming Dynasty, Jiangxi Province was one of the high incidence epidemic areas in China. The epidemic situation was characterized by frequent outbreaks, the spreading from the surrounding areas, the shortening of the interval between outbreaks, the obvious tendency of concentrated outbreaks, the prolongation of the duration, and the expansion of the spreading scope, the areas with high incidence of epidemic along rivers and lakes as well as the main transportation routes, the occurrence of epidemic with the same frequency as floods and droughts. After the outbreak of the epidemics, despite the support of the central government policy, the prefectural governments and local communities in Jiangxi were the main force in the post-epidemic relief. Local officials, squires, wealthy people, rich merchants and doctors became the main body. Measures such as setting up convenient medical bureaus for the people, selecting doctors and applying medicine, setting up granaries to distribute grain, giving wide relief, assisting agricultural production, taking care of patients, abandoning medicine and believing in witchcraft, escaping from the disaster areas were taken. The wide participation and active interaction of officials and people were the guarantee for the successful response to the epidemic. This paper summarizes the features of Jiangxi epidemic in Ming Dynasty and the countermeasures after the disaster to provide historical enlightenment for the prevention and control of the epidemic situation in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have attracted widespread attention as a new type of biological preservative due to their safety, high efficiency, and non-toxic characteristics. In this study, we focused on Sakacin ZFM225, a novel bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sakei ZFM225, which was isolated from raw milk. It was purified by a strategy including precipitation with 70% ammonium sulfate, cation exchange chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The predicted molecular weight of Sakacin ZFM225 was 14950.92 Da. Sakacin ZFM225 exhibited resistance to high temperatures, strong activity under acidic conditions, and sensitivity to trypsin and pepsin. Bacteriocins from Lactobacillus sakei mainly inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. The bacteriocin possessed a broad-spectrum inhibition which could kill many foodborne pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, and Staphylococcus aureus. We further demonstrated that the mode of action of Sakacin ZFM225 was related to the formation of cell membrane porosity, and excluded Lipid Ⅱ as its target. These results suggest that this new bacteriocin has great potential in food industry as a biological preservative and even medical field.

We have developed novel polynomials called delta polynomials, which are, in turn, derived from the characteristic and matching polynomials of graphs associated with polycyclic aromatic compounds. Natural logarithmic aromatic indices are derived from these delta polynomials, which are shown to provide new insights into the aromaticity of polycyclic aromatic compounds, including the highly symmetric C60 buckminsterfullerene, several other fullerenes, graphene, kekulene series and other cycloarenes, such as polycyclic circumcoronaphenes and coronoids. The newly developed aromatic index yields a value of 6.77 for graphene, 6.516865 for buckminsterfullerene C60(Ih), 5.914023 for kekulene (D6h symmetry), 6.064420 for coronene (D6h), 6.137828 for circumcoronene (D6h), 6.069668 for dicronylene and so forth. Hence, the novel scaled logarithmic aromatic delta indices developed here appear to provide good quantitative measures of aromaticity, especially when they are used in conjunction with other aromatic indicators.

The receptor for activated protein kinase C1 (RACK1) belongs to the typical WD repeat family, which is extremely conservative and important in multiple signal transduction pathways related to growth and development that coordinate the intracellular role of various life activities. As a novel protein with versatile functions, it was found in a variety of organisms. In a previous study, we identified the RACK1 sequence of white shrimp from transcriptome data. In this study, we employed specialized bioinformatics software to conduct an in-depth analysis of EcRACK1 and compare its amino acid sequence homology with other crustaceans. Furthermore, we investigated the expression patterns of RACK1 at different developmental stages and tissues, as well as at various time points after exposure to Aroclor 1245, aiming to elucidate its function and potential response towards Aroclor 1245 exposure. The length of EcRACK1 is 957 nucleotides, which encodes 318 amino acids. Moreover, there were seven typical WD repeats in EcRACK1, which have more than a 96% sequence identity with the RACK1 proteins of Penaeus. The results of tissue expression and spatiotemporal expression showed that it was significantly increased in the II and IV stages, but had a significant tissue specificity in the hepatopancreas, spermary, and muscle tissues of E. carinicauda, adult stage. Compared to the control, EcRACK1 was significantly induced in E. carinicauda zoea larvae exposed to Aroclor 1254 for 6, 10, 20, and 30 d (p < 0.05). These results suggested that EcRACK1 may play an important role in the larval development and environmental defense of E. carinicauda.

A drug nanocrystal self-stabilized Pickering emulsion (DNSPE) is a novel Pickering emulsion with drug nanocrystals as the stabilizer. As a promising drug delivery system, DNSPEs have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their high drug loading capacity and ability to reduce potential safety hazards posed by surfactants or specific solid particles. This paper comprehensively reviews the progress of research on DNSPEs, with an emphasis on the main factors influencing their construction, characteristics and measurement methods in vitro, and fate in vivo, and puts forward issues that need to be studied further. The review contributes to the advancement of DNSPE research and the promotion of their application in the field of drug delivery.

Critical zone science has become an important research area in Surface-Earth system science, representing a future new concept and developing trend in Earth system science. The karst critical zone, a unique type, covers approximately 15.2% of the global ice-free continental land, which is a typical case and represents the Earth's critical zone. However, there is still a lack of a unified understanding of the scientific connotation of the karst critical zone (KCZ) and a lack of related discussions on the structure, characteristics and lower boundary of the KCZ at present. On the basis of reviewing the history of the scientific development of the Earth's critical zone and summarizing its main characteristics, this study sorts out the background and development processes of the concept and summarizes the characteristics of the KCZ. The bottom boundary of the KCZ, which is still controversial, is analyzed and discussed, and the further development direction of the KCZ is also analyzed. These results show that the KCZ is a unique type of Earth's critical zone shaped by material circulation and energy flow at the interface of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere as well as pedosphere in soluble rock areas. The spatial span of the KCZ ranges from the vegetation canopy to the lower boundary of the karst aquifer in the soluble rock area, including the vegetation layer, soil layer, epikarst, vadose zone and saturated zone, which are sensitive to environmental changes and have surface and subsurface double geological structures and special geochemical processes characterized by coupling cycles of carbon, water and calcium. By comparison, the KCZ has eight following characteristics: active involvement of carbonate rock in the material cycle, sensitive response to external environmental changes, multilayer hydrogeological structures, strong horizontal spatial heterogeneity, large underground space network, large-span biota structure, unique ecohydrological processes with carbonate rock water-vegetation interaction as well as varying lateral boundary controlled by subsurface divide change. The bottom boundary of the KCZ is the depth at which the groundwater recharged by precipitation has no influence on the dissolution of carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite, etc.) and has no ability to further dissolve carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite, etc.) in a certain range below the surface. According to the development trend of the disciplines and national strategic demands, further attention should be paid to the following four directions: the structure, formation and evolution mechanisms of different types of the KCZ; the ecological service function and regional sustainable development in degraded karst ecological zones; the impacts of engineering activities on the structure, attributes and evolution process of the KCZ; and the coupling process between climate change and the change in the structure, function and attributes of the KCZ.

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in nosocomial infection （NI） among patients in general hospital. Methods 289 pathogenic strains in NI were screened from hospitalized patients. The distribution, classification, and drug resistance were analyzed. Results Among 289 pathogenic strains, 74.05% of them were gram-negative bacilli, 16.96% were gram-positive cocci and 8.30% were fungi. Moreover, 55.10% of gram-positive cocci and 54.21% of gram-negative bacilli were multidrug-resistant organisms （MDRO）, with no statistical difference between two strains （P > 0.05）. There were 95 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii （ABA, 32.87%）, 40 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae （KPN, 13.84%） and 34 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa （PAE, 11.76%） for the common pathogens in NI. The incidence rate of KPN in 2019 was increased more than 4 times compared with that in 2016. The specimens were mainly taken from the lower respiratory sputum, blood, and urine. Most pathogens were detected from ICU, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Department of Hematology. Cefoperazone-sulbactam, minocycline and tigecycline exerted better effect on ABA. KPN was less resistant to both amikacin and tigecycline. PAE was also less resistant to aminoglycosides, ceftazidime, cefoperazone-sulbactam and cefepime. Conclusions Gram-negative bacilli are the major pathogens in NI in general hospital, especially ABA, KPN and PAE. These pathogens yield severe multidrug resistance. Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli should be considered for empirical medication.

In order to improve the texture characteristics and soaking efficiency of mung bean, this paper investigated the effect of ultrasound and sodium bicarbonate treatments on the water absorption kinetics, water distribution, water migration, hardness, seed coat structure, total phenol and phytic acid content of mung bean. The effects of ultrasound on the water absorption characteristics, hardness and nutrient content of mung bean depended on the changes in the seed coat of mung bean. Ultrasound treatment with an intensity of 400 W made mung bean epidermis form microporous channels, thus promoting water absorption, increasing the bound and free water contents, reducing hardness and significantly decreasing the total phenol and phytic acid contents (P

The problem of extraction a target component from a cylindrical pore is studied. The solution of this problem is used as a basis for the mathematical model of mass transfer in a porous medium. The proposed model is applicable for the description of a number of processes, in particular, extraction and sediment washing. Some graphical illustrations explaining the process of washing within the proposed model are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The research was aimed to study the impact of various treatments on characteristics of bio‐calcium from hybrid catfish bone. Bio‐calcium from hybrid catfish bones (raw bone) was prepared using several 4 steps including high‐pressure water jet process (washed bone), soaking in alkaline solution (protein removal), ethanol immersion process (lipid removal), bleaching and grinding to obtain bio‐calcium powder. The obtained bio‐calcium had a yield of 14.46 g 100 g−1. Bio‐calcium had low protein, fat and moisture contents but had high ash content (P ≤ 0.05). Bio‐calcium was rich in calcium and phosphorus. Bio‐calcium contained high hydroxyproline content of 27.70 mg g−1 samples. Moreover, high contents of proline, glycine, aspartic acid alanine and glutamic acid were found in bio‐calcium. The ethanol immersion, bleaching and grinding process effectively decreased Thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) values and total volatile acids (P ≤ 0.05) of bio‐calcium powder compared with washed bone, protein and lipid removal processes. Therefore, this research provided an alternative source for bio‐calcium production, which can develop as fortified in food products, calcium supplements and biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bariatric surgery is an effective surgical treatment for weight reduction in individuals with obesity. Pregnancy outcomes related to prior bariatric surgery are currently under active investigation. To assess national-level trends, characteristics, and outcomes of pregnancy after bariatric surgery in the United States. Retrospective cohort study queried the National Inpatient Sample. The study population was 14,648,135 patients who had vaginal or cesarean delivery from January 2016 to December 2019. Exposure allocation was based on the history of bariatric surgery. The main outcomes were (1) trends and characteristics related to bariatric surgery, assessed with multivariable binary logistic regression model; and (2) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–defined severe maternal morbidity, assessed by propensity score matching and generalized estimating equation. A total of 53,950 (.4%) patients had prior bariatric surgery. The number of patients with prior bariatric surgery increased from.3% to.5%, and this trend remained independent in multivariable analysis (P <.001). Patients who had bariatric surgery were also more likely to be older and have obesity, medical co-morbidities, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and cesarean delivery compared with those without bariatric surgery (all, P <.05). In a propensity score matched model, patients who had bariatric surgery were more likely to receive blood product transfusion (2.3% versus 1.6%; odds ratio = 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–1.77), but severe maternal morbidity other than blood product transfusion was comparable to those without (1.1% versus 1.4%; odds ratio =.80; 95% confidence interval,.63–1.02). There is a gradual increase of pregnancy after bariatric surgery in recent years in the United States. 1. This national-level analysis examined 14.6-million pregnancies from 2016-2019 2. Number of pregnancies after bariatric surgery increased from 0.3% to 0.5% 3. Bariatric surgery was associated with high-risk pregnancy characteristics 4. Bariatric surgery was not associated with non-transfusion severe maternal morbidity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study focuses on the prevalence and characteristics of anxiety in patients with pulmonary nodules that was assessed by Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scores. A total of 890 patients were enrolled in this study, including incidence of absence of anxiety n = 343 (38.54%), mild or probable anxiety n = 459 (51.57%) and moderate or definite anxiety n = 79 (8.88%) and obvious anxiety n = 9 (1.01%), respectively. According to the definition of anxiety, 88 (9.89%) patients were enrolled in anxiety group. The incidence of anxiety in females was significantly higher than male (11.98% vs. 7.20%, p = 0.018), patients with respiratory symptoms were significantly higher than without respiratory symptoms (13.33% vs. 8.50%, p = 0.029) and diameter of pulmonary nodules >8 mm is significantly higher than ≤8 mm (13.35% vs. 7.10%, p = 0.002). Regression analysis showed that female (OR = 0.548, 95% CI: 0.340–0.884), family history of malignant tumour (OR = 1.691, 95% CI: 1.067–2.678), respiratory symptoms (OR = 1.713, 95% CI: 1.073–2.733) and diameter >8 mm (OR = 2.135, 95% CI: 1.350–3.375) were independent risk factors of anxiety. Further analysis of 88 patients with anxiety showed the sum of psychic anxiety was significantly higher than somatic anxiety (16.66 ± 2.46 vs. 0.97 ± 1.10, p < 0.0001). Hence, vast majority of patients with unconfirmed pulmonary nodules suffered various severity of anxiety and manifested as psychic anxiety. And gender, respiratory symptoms, family history of malignant tumour and diameter of pulmonary nodules were independent influencing factors of anxiety. Effective strategies urgently need exploring and providing for improving the mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foot morphology varies between individuals of different sex and ethnicities across the world. Most commonly measured are foot length and breadth which have practical implications in shoe design and forensics. This review aims to identify relevant papers on the topic of foot morphological variation, and compare results. Searches were carried out on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science until January 2020. Live human subjects age 16 and over were included the study. Included studies were analysed using the Anatomical Quality Assurance (AQUA) Checklist (Tomaszewski et al., 2017) to determine the quality and reporting from the studies. Any study using cadavers, paediatric participants and those with any underlying condition that affected foot shape were excluded. This review included 17 studies involving 15,235 participants from across the globe. Evidence suggests that foot morphology differs among ethnicities and sex. Most significant differences were found between the Asian population when compared to Australian and Pacific Islanders. Females had smaller foot morphological measurements across all studies with the exception of lateral talocalcaneal angle and calcaneal pitch in two African studies which indicate the higher arch profile of females in this ethnic group. This review highlights the differences in foot morphology that exist between individuals of the same and different ethnicities and sex. Foot length is most commonly used for stature estimation and sex prediction and is more accurate for prediction than foot breadth. Results highlight the need for global shoe and orthotic manufacturers to broaden fit of footwear for worldwide inclusion and continued research with greater sample size and ethnicities to be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been acknowledged that the Doppler is beneficial to the GNSS positioning of smartphones. However, analysis of Doppler precision on smartphones is insufficient. In this paper, we focus on the characteristic analysis of the raw Doppler measurement from Android smartphones. A comprehensive investigation of the Doppler was conducted. The results illustrate that the availability of Doppler is stable and higher than that of carrier measurements, which means that the Doppler-smoothed code (DSC) method is more effective. However, there is a constant bias between the Doppler and the code rate in Xiaomi MI8, which indicates that extra processing of the DSC method is necessary for this phone. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the relationship between the Doppler and C/N0 can be expressed as an exponential function, and the fitting parameters are provided. The numerical experiment in car-borne and hand-held scenes was conducted for evaluating the performance of the Doppler-aided positioning algorithm. For positioning, the improvement reaches 37 ⋅ 69%/37 ⋅ 14%/26 ⋅ 61% in the east, north and up components, respectively, after applying the Doppler aiding. For velocity estimation, the improvement reaches 29 ⋅ 62%/39 ⋅ 63%/29 ⋅ 37% in the three components, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastic pollution is a pressing environmental concern with detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. This study aimed to investigate microplastic contamination in a rapidly urbanizing area along a river and to examine the spatial distribution of microplastic abundance across the study area based on land use type. Seven sampling points were selected along the study site and microplastic samples were extracted using density separation and wet peroxidation (WPO) methods. The characteristics of the microplastic particles, including size, color, shape, and abundance, were analyzed to understand their properties. The results indicated that the microplastic abundance values ranged from 28.33 to 133.00 particles/liter, with an average of 73.55 particles/liter. Small microplastic particles (SMP), with sizes ranging from 1 μm to 1 mm, along with fragment shapes, and clear colors were predominant in the study area. A generalized additive model was utilized to assess the relationship between land use and microplastic abundance. The model demonstrated a significant influence of built-up areas on the presence of microplastics (p-value < 0.05), with an r² value of 0.76. Residential areas near the river were identified as the likely primary sources of the microplastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the loss of exhaust energy, the compressed air energy utilization efficiency in pneumatics system is low. To realize the recovery and utilization of cylinder compressed air, a new type of compressed air utilization system is proposed, and the composition and working principle of the system are introduced. According to the working process of the system, the mathematical model of the system is established by using equations such as energy equation and gas state equation. The model is simulated by MATLAB/Simulink tools, and the correctness of the mathematical model is verified by experiments. The mathematical models are converted into dimensionless models, and the main parameters affecting the system's operating characteristics are obtained through model simulation analysis. The influencing parameters are optimized by using the analytic hierarchy process and the grey correlation analysis method, and the exhaust utilization efficiency of the system is 34.7 % under the optimal parameter combination. To further utilize the compressed air expansion, the opening and closing time of the solenoid valve was controlled to study the energy-saving effect of the system. The study found that when the initial pressure of the compressed air supply tank was set to 0.5 MPa, 0.6 MPa, and 0.7 MPa, the maximum energy saving efficiency was 23.25 %, 24.99 %, and 26.12 %, respectively. When the volume of the compressed air supply tank is set to 0.8 L, 1 L, and 1.2 L, the maximum energy-saving efficiency is 30.01 %, 24.99 %, and 21.51 %, respectively. This paper provides a new technical scheme for compressed air recovery and reuse, as well as a theoretical basis for the control of subsequent compressed air utilization systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of inclusions have a significant influence on the performance and fatigue life of Ni-based alloy and some cracks usually initiate and propagate from inclusions. High-temperature experiments were carried out at 1823 K to study the effect of Al and Ti addition on the characteristics of oxide inclusions in Ni-based alloy. The size, number, distance, distribution of oxide inclusions and degree of homogeneity in inclusion dispersion in Ni-based alloy with [%Al]i = 0.3–0.7 and [%Ti]i = 0.7–1.2 (i represent initial addition of deoxidant) were analyzed systematically. It is found that the oxide inclusions in alloys with [%Al]i = 0.7, [%Ti]i = 0.7/1.2 had smaller average size of 2.4 µm and distributed more homogeneously. The Ostwald ripening theory and collision model were applied to point out the relationships among compositions of Ni-based alloy, behaviors of oxide inclusions and their characteristics under the condition of no external stirring. The calculated results were in good agreement with experimental results. The mechanism on obtaining fine and dispersed oxide inclusions in Ni-based alloy was summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional stereomicroscopy (SM) is limited for the identification of microplastics of less than 500 µm in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Accordingly, novel methods for the accurate quantification of these microplastics are needed. In this study, we investigated the polymer type, morphology, size distribution, and abundance of microplastics in each unit of three selected WWTPs by SM and a fluorescence-based protocol (FR) combined with FTIR. Using the FR method, most microplastics detected in the three WWTPs were 50–200 µm in size. Polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyamide were the main polymer types, and the distributions of fibers, films, and debris were determined. Despite highly similar microplastic removal rates (78.6‒95.2% (SM) and 77.4‒94.2% (FR)) in the WWTPs by the two methods, the microplastic abundances obtained by FR (405‒6987 items/L) were approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding results by SM (1‒21 items/L). In addition, a considerable number of small-sized microplastics (< 500 µm) were detected in the effluents (405‒947 items/L) using FR. These results clearly reveal that microplastics in WWTPs have been seriously underestimated in most previous studies based on SM. Further research should focus on the environmental risks of small-sized microplastics from WWTPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The college building is a large energy consumer with a high density of energy consumption. However, less attention is paid to college buildings, particularly college dormitory buildings. Based on the one-year historical data collected from 20 college dormitory buildings located in Wuhan, China, this study aims to propose a three-stage strategy to identify and analyze the energy consumption patterns and characteristics of college dormitories in detail, including determining energy consumption patterns, analyzing key characteristics based on four indexes, and examining three influencing factors (occupants' gender and floor and orientation location of rooms). The results show that the heavy energy users (around 10% of all occupants) consume around 20% of the total energy and have the narrowest comfort temperature range. However, the light energy users, 42% of total occupants, consume only approximately 27% of total energy. Their different tolerance to coldness is the main reason contributing to different energy consumption. The dormitories of males and location of the top floor and corner tend to consume significantly more energy in hot weather. This study would help campus facilities to understand the energy use behavior of occupants and formulate adequate policies so as to improve the energy management of campuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) and smart manufacturing (SM) are mutually reinforcing. The establishment of IoT-based common facilities for SM is the premise of building SM system. Industrial IoT (IIoT) infrastructure for SM refers to common facilities based on IoT that support SM in industries or sectors, and plays a dominant role and faces severe challenges in the intelligence of SM. The infrastructure is independent of the products and production process in a specific factory. This paper develops conceptual and capability frameworks of IIoT infrastructure from a unified perspective of IIoT-related SM industries. These frameworks reflect relationships between IIoT and SM with in-depth relationships among basic facilities of IIoT infrastructure and lay the foundation of SM. In this paper the common characteristics and high-level requirements with respect to the different IoT layers of IIoT infrastructure are analyzed, and the capability framework and relevant capabilities of IIoT infrastructure are summarized according to the characteristics and requirements. In order to help service providers implement their systems to meet the needs of SM, the existing and newly developed IIoT infrastructure are integrated partially or in whole according to the intelligence level, so as to provide technical guidance for stakeholders to apply emerging ICTs to SM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificially induced polyploidization is one of the most effective techniques for improving the biological properties and creating new cultivars of fruit trees. Up to now, systematic research on the autotetraploid of sour jujube (Ziziphus acidojujuba Cheng et Liu) has not been reported. 'Zhuguang' is the first released autotetraploid sour jujube induced with colchicine. The objective of this study was to compare the differences in the morphological, cytological characteristics, and fruit quality between diploid and autotetraploid. Compared with the original diploid, 'Zhuguang' showed dwarf phenotypes and decreased tree vigor. The sizes of the flowers, pollen, stomata, and leaves of 'Zhuguang' were larger. Perceptible darker green leaves were observed in 'Zhuguang' trees owing to increased chlorophyll contents, which led to higher photosynthesis efficiency and bigger fruit. The pollen activities and the contents of ascorbic acid, titratable acid, and soluble sugar in the autotetraploid were lower than those in diploids. However, the cyclic adenosine monophosphate content in autotetraploid fruit was significantly higher. The sugar/acid ratio of autotetraploid fruit was higher than that of diploid fruit, which made the autotetraploid fruit taste different and better. The results indicated that the autotetraploid we generated in sour jujube could greatly meet the goals of our multi-objective optimized breeding strategies for improving sour jujube, which includes tree dwarfing, increased photosynthesis efficiency, and better nutrient values and flavors as well as more bioactive compounds. Needless to say, the autotetraploid can also serve as material for generating valuable triploids or other types of polyploids and are also instrumental in studying the evolution of both sour jujube and Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the notions of the positive cone, characteristic and C-characteristic in (Krasner) hyperfields. We demonstrate how these interact in order to produce interesting results in the theory of hyperfields. For instance, we provide a criterion for deciding whether certain hyperfields cannot be obtained via Krasner's quotient construction. We prove that any positive integer (larger than 1) can be realized as the characteristic of some infinite hyperfield and an analogous result for the C-characteristic. Finally, we study the (directed) graph associated with the strict partial order induced by a positive cone in a hyperfield in various examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To study the characteristics, relative distribution and to compare causes of red eye in ophthalmic clinics in Urumchi and Shanghai, China. METHODS: Data on continuous cases of red-eye patients admitted to the Ophthalmology Center of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were collected between November 2018 and September 2019. Demographic data, the incidence of red eye and related disease distribution of all cases were obtained. The independent t-test method was used for age comparison, while the Chi-square test was used to compare classified data information. RESULTS: The information on 335 and 415 patients with red eyes in Shanghai and Urumchi were collected, respectively. The main causes of red eye were conjunctival disease and dry eye. The age of female patients with red eyes was significantly higher than that of males, and the proportion of female patients with dry eyes was also higher. Red-eye-related diseases occurred more frequently in patients over 46 years old than in those under 18, and dry eye was more common with increasing age. The incidence of infectious conjunctivitis in Urumchi was significantly higher than that in Shanghai, and allergic conjunctivitis occurred more frequently in spring, summer, or autumn than in winter (all P

Abstract Background The risk of HCC is documented to be age-related. The outcomes of young HCC patients on postoperative prognosis are not well understood. The study aims to compare the characteristic differences between adolescent and young (AYA) and non-AYA HCC patients. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological findings and the survival of 243 HCC patients who underwent operations between 2007 and 2018. Results The AYA group had a higher AFP level and a higher prevalence of family history of HCC or other cancers than the non-AYA group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). AYA patients had more unfavorable pathological characteristics including bigger lesion size, microvascular invasion, portal vein invasion, and hepatic capsule invasion. They also had a more unfavorable Edmondson grade and less tumor capsule formation (P < 0.01). Age was an independent predictor of survival in HCC patients. AYA patients had poorer disease-free and overall survival than non-AYA patients did (P < 0.01). Patients under 30 years old had an even poorer disease-free survival than those aged 30–40 (P = 0.047). Conclusions AYA patients exhibited a higher recurrence rate and disease-related death rate with more unfavorable pathological characteristics. Enhanced follow-up for young HCC patients should be applied.

Background. Pain is one of the most common health problems often experienced by the elderly. Research on pain and its comorbidities in elderly are crucial, because it relates to disability and impairment in quality of life. Unfortunately research related to pain in the elderly and co morbidities are still limited in Indonesia, better understanding about pain can be a vital consideration of treatment and drug consideration. This study was conducted to provide an overview of pain and its comorbidities in elderly. Materials and methods. This was an observational cross sectional study to 949 subjects. Subjects were recruited from outpatients neurology department in 10 big cities Hospitals in Indonesia. Data obtained from subjects who completed the self-made pain questionnaire and medical records. Subjects were characterized based on type of pain, location of pain, properties of pain, time of exacerbation, and comorbidities. All data were processed descriptively. Results and conclusion. A total of 949 subjects met the inclusion criteria. The subjects consist of 476 (50.16%) female and 473 (49.84%) male, with common age group between 60-74 years (80.08%). The Most common pain characteristic are mild pain intensity (46.79%), mixed type of pain (44.68%), chronic pain (64.59%), multiple site pain location (45.42%) and uncertain time pain exacerbation (37.40%). Six hundred and eighteen (65.12%) subjects have comorbidity and 331 (34.88%) without comorbidity. The most common comorbidity found were hypertension (41.31%) and diabetes (14.23%), with 561 (90.78%) subjects have 1 comorbidity. These study provide the overview of the geriatric problems especially in pain and the comorbidities so that the clinician can provide a comprehensive management of pain problems in geriatric.

Biomass wastes (BW) can be used to produce value-added products by multiple energy recovery technologies. However, the actual conversion results are unsatisfactory since heterogeneous feedstocks mixture with different characteristics are hard to optimally recovered in the same fine conversion process. This paper aimed to develop a new method to improve the energy conversion efficiencies, which focused on the rational matching of BW characteristics and demand for highly efficient energy recovery. Accordingly, this paper explored the correlation between BW representative characteristics and energy conversion efficiencies. The results showed that BW types with different characteristics had significant correlation with multiple utilization technologies (P value < 0.05). Existing BW sorting methods based on source/density showed limited promotion on downstream utilization since the large diversity of characteristics within groups. Furthermore, to assist efficient energy conversion of BW, a novel BW sorting mode, different from traditional manual and mechanical sorting methods, was established to achieve the matching between feedstocks and utilization technologies. The chemical properties, containing elemental composition and heating value, were selected as BW sorting criterion. According to new sorting categories, the fuel characteristics, reaction conditions and products performance in terms of its energy conversion process have more significant differences between groups than traditional sorting methods. The energy conversion efficiency can be improved by 10.71% than unsorted as least. The new BW sorting method towards efficient downstream energy recovery has feasibility in industrial applications. The future perspectives were also discussed. This work was helpful to improve the downstream energy utilization. [Display omitted] • The correlation between BW characteristic and conversion efficiency was analyzed. • New BW sorting modes based on characteristics was proposed for energy recovery. • Clustering, analysis of variance and data digging were used. • New sorting modes showed advantages in energy conversion than traditional methods. • The energy conversion efficiency can be improved by 10.71% than unsorted as least. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Indonesia is currently ranked 2nd in the country with the highest number of tuberculosis (TB) cases. TB disease in children cannot be separated from the role of nutritional status. Poor nutrition can cause immunological disorders and affect the disease healing process. Methodology: The research method used was cross-sectional which was carried out at Central General Hospital X in July 2019. A sample of 72 pediatric tuberculosis patients was taken using a simple random sampling technique. The data used is secondary data from medical records for the period January 2016-December 2018 to look at the characteristics of pediatric TB patients and analyze the evaluation of nutritional status after treatment. Data analysis used the non-parametric Wilcoxon test. Results: The highest age was in the 5-14 year category (51.4%). In the Wilcoxon test, a p-value of 0.000 (

This study aims to determine the Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristic of Thin and Fat Tail Sheep. The study starts from August 2023 until December 2023 in PT Juara Agroniaga Sejahtera, Jepangrejo Village, Blora City District, Blora Regency. The material used in this study was 39 Thin-tailed Sheep and 28 Fat-tailed Sheep aged 1-2 years. The variables measured where Quantitative data were body height (BH), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), body weight (BW), and Qualitative data were fur color and horn. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation, and regression method. The results of this study showed that the correlation between body height (BH), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC) with body weight (BW) in DET and DEG were 0.62, 0.71, 0.72, 0.27, 0.69, 0.65 respectively. The results of this study showed that the regression between body height (BH), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC) with body weight (BW) in DET and DEG were BW = -14.03 + 0.71 BH; BW = -15.45 + 0.74 BL; BW = -21.95 + 0.65 CC and BW = 8.69 + 0.33 BH; BW = -6.76 ± 0.59 BL; BW = -19.43 ± 0.65 CC respectively. The results of this study showed that the dominant wool color pattern of DET is single white, 74.36% white, 15.38% black, and 5.13% brown and DEG is single white, 67.86% white, 14.29% black, and 7.14% brown. DET was 2.56% with horn then 97.44% without horn and DEG is 100% without horn.

This study aimed to determine the effect of age on bulls’ productivity and fresh semen characteristics of Simmental bull in Indonesia. A total of 1071 data of semen collection and production from four age groups (two years old (yo), four yo, ≥ 10 yo with high semen rejection (≥10 HR), and ≥ 10 yo with low semen rejection (≥10 LR) were used in this study to evaluate the productivity and characteristics of fresh semen. The results showed that the pre-freezing and post-freezing semen rejection rate of ≥10 HR group was higher (P0.05) than the other groups. The four yo group had the percentage of second semen ejaculation each collection was higher (P0.05) than the other groups. Furthermore, semen volume, sperm concentration, and total sperm concentration significantly increased (P0.05) until four yo and then decreased (P0.05) in ≥ 10 yo groups. The ≥10 HR group had the volume and total sperm concentration significantly different (P0.05) with a group of ≥10 LR. Total sperm motility, individual motility, and mass movement were lower (P0.05) in ≥10 HR than the other groups. In conclusion, age differences of bulls can affect the productivity and characteristics of fresh semen.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, belonging to the Pseudomonadaceae family, is Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, aerobic, endospore negative, oxidase and catalase positive. It is widely found in nature and isolated from soil, plants, water and animals. It can grow rapidly on the surface of the food and form oxidized products and mucous substances. P. aeruginosa, one of the leading foodborne pathogens, causes important concerns in food safety due to being a source of contamination, causing food poisoning and antimicrobial resistance in animals, forming biofilms and difficulties in preventing biofilms. In this review, information on history, microbiological, cultural and biochemical characteristics, virulence factors and pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa are given. In addition, infections caused by P. aeruginosa and its presence in food are described.

Objective: To explore clinical and vascular lesion characteristics of the patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) manifested firstly as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at onset and to improve the diagnostic rate of TA. Methods: The clinical and angiographic data of six patients with TA manifested firstly as AMI at onset were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of six patients (16–25 years old), 83.33% (five cases) was female, three patients had a history of hypertension and three patients did not have any medical history. One patient had intermittent effort chest tightness. On admission patients all presented with chest pain, dyspnea, hypotension, cardiogenic shock, abnormal electrocardiogram, and elevated cardiac troponin I. The vessel involvement was left coronary main trunk 83.33%, left anterior descending artery 33.33% and left circumflex branch 16.67%, right coronary artery 66.67%, subclavian artery 83.33%, and renal artery 50%. Five patients received the emergency PCI. One patient died of heart failure. During follow-up 3 patients received again PCI treatment. Conclusion: Clinical and vascular lesion characteristics of those patients were no discomfort before admission, and the suddenly typical manifestation of AMI. Severe stenosis or occlusion occurred in main coronary artery ostia and peripheral large artery. For the TA patients with hemodynamic instability the effectiveness of emergency PCI is positive.

The aspects of characteristic-based learner development are three dimensions that must be considered during the learner development process.The three dimensions are: 1) The cognitive aspect, which includes the development of thinking, reasoning, and understanding skills. This aspect aims to develop learners' abilities to process information and solve problems. 2) Affective aspects, which include the development of one's feelings, attitudes, and emotions. This aspect aims to develop learners' abilities to control and manage their emotions and form a positive attitude towards themselves and others. 3) Psychomotor aspects, which include the development of a person's physical abilities, including muscle coordination, speed, and strength. This aspect aims to develop learners' abilities to perform various physical activities, such as sports, arts, and work. The development of these three aspects is necessary so that learners can become physically and mentally healthy individuals and be able to adjust to their environment.

Grain, vegetable, and fruit samples were collected from Xi'an City in Northwest China and analyzed for the characteristics, bio-accessibility, and dietary exposure of 22 phthalic acid esters (PAEs). All the studied PAEs were ubiquitously detected, except for diethyl phthalate in vegetables and fruits. In grains, the sum of detectable PAEs (∑22PAEs) varied between 0.0840 and 40.0 µg/g, with a mean of 4.19 µg/g, presenting rice > > beans > flour, and the major PAEs were di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). In vegetables, the ∑21PAEs ranged from 0.190 to 56.8 µg/g, with a mean of 8.07 µg/g, exhibiting leafy vegetables > root vegetables > fruits-vegetables > fungus > cauliflower > beans, and the main PAEs were di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), DnBP, DEHP, di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP), and di-iso-decyl phthalate (DiDP). In fruits, the ∑21PAEs varied between 0.300 and 12.6 µg/g, with a mean of 3.97 µg/g, presenting spring-winter season fruits > summer-autumn season fruits and shell-less fruits > shelled fruits, and the predominant PAEs were DiBP, DnBP, DEHP, DiNP, and DiDP. The bio-accessibility of PAEs in the gastrointestinal fluid simulant was higher than that in the single gastric or intestinal fluid simulant. The bio-accessibility of PAEs was correlated with the physiochemical properties of PAEs. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of human dietary exposure to PAEs were lower than the reference doses of United States Environmental Protection Agency and the tolerable dairy intakes (TDIs) of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), except for the EDI of DnBP in the grains and DiBP in the vegetables higher than or close to the TDI of the EFSA. The research suggested that special attention should be paid to human dietary exposure to DnBP and DiBP, especially for children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of examining the formation and peculiarities of snow cover in fir plantations compared to open shrubland in the conditions of Southwestern Altai obtained during 2020-2021 snow period. The forest stand affects snow distribution and characteristics in fir woods by capturing snow with tree crowns, snow accumulation around crown perimeter and, as a result, leads to the formation of near-trunk snowdrifts, in their turn facilitating higher snow accumulation among trees and at forest edges. The maximum snow cover thickness in fir woods ranged from 80 cm (under crowns) to 150 cm (among trees and along forest edges). In the open (control) zone, snow distribution appeared more homogenous - from 126 to 135 cm. During the period of maximum snow accumulation, snow density in fir plantations ranged from 0.19 to 0.26 g/cm3; and, from 0.24 to 0.29 g/cm3 in the control zone. Snow cover humidity likewise demonstrated significant differences between fir plantations and control site, and amounted to 258.3±13.47 mm and 279.7±12.80 mm, respectively. Whereas in the control (overgrown) zone the complete snow cover melting ended in the second 10-day period of April, in fir woods it finished in the second 10-day period of May. The research findings suggest that fir plantations in river catchment areas boost winter precipitation retention and slow down its loss resulting in more uniform water transition into subsurface runoff and longer period of river water replenishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]