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Using a two-layer fluid model, Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations modified by viscosity are derived that describe weakly nonlinear long waves propagating along a channel of uniform but arbitrary cross section. Equations are deduced for both surface waves and internal waves. The case of high Reynolds number is considered, and the method of matched asymptotic expansion is employed. The coefficients of the KdV equation, which depend on the geometry of the channel cross section, are determined exactly for a rectangular cross section. Some particular cases including the Boussinesq limit are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore a quantum-chromodynamic (QCD) plasma in stationary nonequilibrium states assuming that the process of thermalization is governed by Fokker–Planck dynamics. The generalized thermodynamic potential appropriate to the state is obtained. A relationship is developed between the response function and the fluctuations in the stationary state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the product of local current operators in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), when expanded in terms of condensates, such as ψψ, Gaμν Gaμν, ψΓ ψψΓψ, fabcGaμνGbνα ×Gcαμ, etc., yields a series in Planck’s constant. This, however, provides no hint that the higher terms in such an expansion may be less significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A buccal fat pad (BFP) as a flap for reconstruction of defects in the oral cavity has been described for a variety of benign conditions. We describe the indications, advantages, and complications of the BFP flap and report our clinical experience with the flap for intraoral reconstruction after tumor removal. From 2005 to 2008, we analyzed 29 patients in the age range of 32 to 82 years old who underwent a pedicled BFP flap reconstruction for oral defects after intraoral tumor removal. Postoperative wound healing and complications including any recurrence was followed-up prospectively. Most of the patients had an uneventful immediate postoperative period with signs of buccal fat pad epithelialization by the end of the first week and complete epithelialization at the end of the first month. On continued follow-up, a linear band of fibrous tissue under the epithelialized mucosa replaced the once reconstructed buccal fat pad. Three patients had varying degrees of hemorrhage: one of them had hematoma that healed with severe fibrosis and of the remaining two, one had a partial flap loss and one had a complete flap loss. Judicious use of buccal fat pad reconstruction offers a simple, convenient, and reliable way to reconstruct small to medium defects of the oral cavity with low morbidity, even in older patients who would not be able to tolerate time-consuming flap reconstruction procedures.