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160. Integrated Ocean Carbon Research: A Summary of Ocean Carbon Research, and Vision of Coordinated Ocean Carbon Research and Observations for the Next Decade

Author

IOC Working Group on Integrated Ocean Carbon Research (IOC-R), Aricò, Salvatore, Arrieta, Jesús M., Bakker, Dorothée C.E., Boyd, Philip W., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Chai, Fei, Dai, Minhan, Gruber, Nicolas, Isensee, Kirsten, Ishii, Masao, Jiao, Nianzhi, Lauvset, Siv K., McKinley, Galen A., Monteiro, Pedro, Robinson, Carol, Sabine, Christopher, Sanders, Richard, Schoo, Katherina L., Schuster, Ute, Shutler, Jamie D., Thomas, Helmuth, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Bopp, Laurent, Boss, Emmanuel, Bracco, Annalisa, Cai, Wenju, Fay, Amanda, Feely, Richard A., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Heinze, Christoph, Henson, Stephanie, Hwang, Jeomshik, Post, Joanna, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Telszewski, Maciej, Tilbrook, Bronte, Valsala, Vinu, Rojas Aldana, Alejandro, Wanninkhof, Rik, Sabine, Christopher, and Aricò, Salvatore

Abstract

IOC Technical Series, 158 Rev.

Published
2021

161. Integrated ocean carbon research: a summary of ocean carbon research, and vision of coordinated ocean carbon research and observations for the next decade

Author

Arico, Salvatore, Arrieta, Jesús M., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Boyd, Philip W., Da Cunha, Leticia Cotrim, Chai, Fei, Dai, Minhan, Gruber, Nicolas, Isensee, Kirsten, Ishii, Masso, Jiao, Nianzhi, Lauvset, Siv K., McKinley, Galen A., Monteiro, Pedro, Robinson, Carol, Sabine, Christopher, Sanders, Richard, Schoo, Katherina L., Schuster, Ute, Shutler, Jamie D., Thomas, Helmuth, Watson, Andrew J., Bopp, Laurent, Boss, Emmanuel, Bracco, Annalisa, Cai, Wenju, Fay, Amanda, Feely, Richard A., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Heinze, Christoph, Henson, Stephanie, Hwang, Jennifer, Post, Joanna, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Telszewski, Maciej, Tilbrook, Bronte, Valsala, Vinu, Rojas Aldana, Alejandro, and Wanninkhof, Rik

Published
2021

162. Integrated Ocean Carbon Research

Author

IOC Working Group on Integrated Ocean Carbon Research (IOC-R), Aricò, Salvatore, Watson, Andrew J., Wanninkhof, Rik, Thomas, Helmuth, Shutler, Jamie D., Schuster, Ute, Schoo, Katherina L., Sanders, Richard, Sabine, Christopher, Robinson, Carol, Monteiro, Pedro, McKinley, Galen A., Jiao, Nianzhi, Ishii, Masao, Isensee, Kirsten, Gruber, Nicolas, Dai, Minhan, Chai, Fei, Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Boyd, Philip W., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Arrieta, Jesús M., and Lauvset, Siv K.

Subjects
fish, vision, carbon, Climatic changes, 12. Responsible consumption, Dissolved inorganic carbon, access, Carbon dioxide, 13. Climate action, 11. Sustainability, Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, 14. Life underwater, Medio Marino, Dissolved organic carbon, documents
Abstract

The Integrated Ocean Carbon Research (IOC-R) programme is a formal working group of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) that was formed in 2018 in response to the United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030), “the Decade.” The IOC-R will contribute to the science elements of the overarching Implementation Plan for the Decade1. The Implementation Plan is a high-level framework to guide actions by which ocean science can more effectively deliver its contribution and co-development with other entities to achieve the societal outcomes outlined in the Decade plan and the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the UN., PERSISTENCIA DE SUSTRATOS ORGANICOS EN AMBIENTES OCEANICOS DILUIDOS, UNESCO, POSEIDON

Published
2021
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163. Glioma-associated microglia/macrophages augment tumorigenicity in canine astrocytoma, a naturally occurring model of human glioma

Author

Christine M Toedebusch, Blaire Consales, Kevin D. Woolard, Vishal D. Murthy, Ryan Toedebusch, Ori Nagasaka, Marguerite Knipe, Beverly K. Sturges, Chai-Fei Li, Nicole Vinson, Peter J Dickinson, Pamela J. Lein, Karen M. Vernau, Ana Cristina Grodzki, and John C. Snyder

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, transforming growth factor, canine, microglia, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Rare Diseases, Downregulation and upregulation, Glioma, glioma, medicine, AcademicSubjects/MED00300, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, beta 1, neoplasms, Cancer, Microglia, transforming growth factor beta 1, Neurosciences, Astrocytoma, Transforming growth factor beta, medicine.disease, Phenotype, nervous system diseases, Brain Disorders, Brain Cancer, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Canine Glioma, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Basic and Translational Investigations, Cancer research, biology.protein, AcademicSubjects/MED00310
Abstract

Background Glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) markedly influence glioma progression. Under the influence of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB), GAMs are polarized toward a tumor-supportive phenotype. However, neither therapeutic targeting of GAM recruitment nor TGFB signaling demonstrated efficacy in glioma patients despite efficacy in preclinical models, underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of the TGFB/GAM axis. Spontaneously occurring canine gliomas share many features with human glioma and provide a complementary translational animal model for further study. Given the importance of GAM and TGFB in human glioma, the aims of this study were to further define the GAM-associated molecular profile and the relevance of TGFB signaling in canine glioma that may serve as the basis for future translational studies. Methods GAM morphometry, levels of GAM-associated molecules, and the canonical TGFB signaling axis were compared in archived samples of canine astrocytomas versus normal canine brain. Furthermore, the effect of TGFB on the malignant phenotype of canine astrocytoma cells was evaluated. Results GAMs diffusely infiltrated canine astrocytomas. GAM density was increased in high-grade tumors that correlated with a pro-tumorigenic molecular signature and upregulation of the canonical TGFB signaling axis. Moreover, TGFB1 enhanced the migration of canine astrocytoma cells in vitro. Conclusions Canine astrocytomas share a similar GAM-associated immune landscape with human adult glioma. Our data also support a contributing role for TGFB1 signaling in the malignant phenotype of canine astrocytoma. These data further support naturally occurring canine glioma as a valid model for the investigation of GAM-associated therapeutic strategies for human malignant glioma.

Published
2021

164. Final Report of TPOS 2020

Author

Kessler, William S, Cravatte, Sophie, Strutton, Peter G, Sutton, Adrienne J, Kumar, Arun, Takaya, Yuhei, Hendon, Harry, O'brien, Kevin, Smith, Neville, Wijffels, Susan E, Sprintall, Janet, Wittenberg, Andrew T, Ando, Kentaro, Hill, Katherine, Large, William, Legler, David, Tedesco, Kathy, Lucas, Sandy, Duteil, Olaf, Eddebbar, Yassir A, Dewitte, Boris, Serra, Yolande, Penny, Stephen G, Connell, Kenneth, Roemmich, Dean, Lee, Tong, Clayson, Carol Anne, Mcgregor, Shayne, Cronin, Meghan F, J Thomas Farrar, Masich, Jessica, Grissom, Karen, Charpentier, Etienne, Stienbarger, Cheyenne, Croll, Brittany, Zhou, Feng, Dake Chen, Chai, Fei, Xiaohui Xie, Weidong Yu, Ueki, Iwao, Fukuda, Tatsuya, Makito Yokota, Ishihara, Yasuhisa, Purkey, Sarah, Riser, Stephen, Edson, James, Katsumata, Masaki, Nagano, Akira, Yoneyama, Kunio, Dongxiao Zhang, and Subramanian, Aneesh

Published
2021
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165. A Limited Effect of Sub-Tropical Typhoons on Phytoplankton Dynamics

Author

Chai, Fei, Wang, Yuntao, Xing, Xiaogang, Yan, Yunwei, Xue, Huijie, Wells, Mark, Boss, Emmanuel, Chai, Fei, Wang, Yuntao, Xing, Xiaogang, Yan, Yunwei, Xue, Huijie, Wells, Mark, and Boss, Emmanuel

Abstract

Typhoons are assumed to stimulate ocean primary production through the upward mixing of nutrients into the surface ocean, based largely on observations of increased surface chlorophyll concentrations following the passage of typhoons. This surface chlorophyll enhancement, seen on occasion by satellites, more often is undetected due to intense cloud coverage. Daily data from a BGC-Argo profiling float revealed the upper-ocean response to Typhoon Trami in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Temperature and chlorophyll changed rapidly, with a significant drop in sea surface temperature and surge in surface chlorophyll associated with strong vertical mixing, which was only partially captured by satellite observations. However, no net increase in vertically integrated chlorophyll was observed during Typhoon Trami or in its wake. Contrary to the prevailing dogma, the results show that typhoons likely have limited effect on net ocean primary production. Observed surface chlorophyll enhancements during and immediately following typhoons in tropical and subtropical waters are more likely associated with surface entrainment of deep chlorophyll maxima. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that remote sensing data alone can overestimate the impact of storms on primary production in all oceans. Full understanding of the impact of storms on upper ocean productivity can only be achieved with ocean observing robots dedicated to high-resolution temporal sampling in the path of storms.

Published
2021
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166. A Global Ocean Oxygen Database and Atlas for Assessing and Predicting Deoxygenation and Ocean Health in the Open and Coastal Ocean

Author

Geochemistry, General geochemistry, Grégoire, Marilaure, Garçon, Véronique, Garcia, Hernan, Breitburg, Denise, Isensee, Kirsten, Oschlies, Andreas, Telszewski, Maciej, Barth, Alexander, Bittig, Henry C., Carstensen, Jacob, Carval, Thierry, Chai, Fei, Chavez, Francisco, Conley, Daniel, Coppola, Laurent, Crowe, Sean, Currie, Kim, Dai, Minhan, Deflandre, Bruno, Dewitte, Boris, Diaz, Robert, Garcia-Robledo, Emilio, Gilbert, Denis, Giorgetti, Alessandra, Glud, Ronnie, Gutierrez, Dimitri, Hosoda, Shigeki, Ishii, Masao, Jacinto, Gil, Langdon, Chris, Lauvset, Siv K., Levin, Lisa A., Limburg, Karin E., Mehrtens, Hela, Montes, Ivonne, Naqvi, Wajih, Paulmier, Aurélien, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pitcher, Grant, Pouliquen, Sylvie, Rabalais, Nancy, Rabouille, Christophe, Recape, Virginie, Roman, Michaël, Rose, Kenneth, Rudnick, Daniel, Rummer, Jodie, Schmechtig, Catherine, Schmidtko, Sunke, Seibel, Brad, Slomp, Caroline, Sumalia, U. Rashid, Tanhua, Toste, Thierry, Virginie, Uchida, Hiroshi, Wanninkhof, Rik, Yasuhara, Moriaki, Geochemistry, General geochemistry, Grégoire, Marilaure, Garçon, Véronique, Garcia, Hernan, Breitburg, Denise, Isensee, Kirsten, Oschlies, Andreas, Telszewski, Maciej, Barth, Alexander, Bittig, Henry C., Carstensen, Jacob, Carval, Thierry, Chai, Fei, Chavez, Francisco, Conley, Daniel, Coppola, Laurent, Crowe, Sean, Currie, Kim, Dai, Minhan, Deflandre, Bruno, Dewitte, Boris, Diaz, Robert, Garcia-Robledo, Emilio, Gilbert, Denis, Giorgetti, Alessandra, Glud, Ronnie, Gutierrez, Dimitri, Hosoda, Shigeki, Ishii, Masao, Jacinto, Gil, Langdon, Chris, Lauvset, Siv K., Levin, Lisa A., Limburg, Karin E., Mehrtens, Hela, Montes, Ivonne, Naqvi, Wajih, Paulmier, Aurélien, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pitcher, Grant, Pouliquen, Sylvie, Rabalais, Nancy, Rabouille, Christophe, Recape, Virginie, Roman, Michaël, Rose, Kenneth, Rudnick, Daniel, Rummer, Jodie, Schmechtig, Catherine, Schmidtko, Sunke, Seibel, Brad, Slomp, Caroline, Sumalia, U. Rashid, Tanhua, Toste, Thierry, Virginie, Uchida, Hiroshi, Wanninkhof, Rik, and Yasuhara, Moriaki

Published
2021

167. Episodic subduction patches in the western North Pacific identified from BGC-Argo float data

Author

Chen, Shuangling, Wells, Mark L., Huang, Rui Xin, Xue, Huijie, Xi, Jingyuan, Chai, Fei, Chen, Shuangling, Wells, Mark L., Huang, Rui Xin, Xue, Huijie, Xi, Jingyuan, and Chai, Fei

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Chen, S., Wells, M. L., Huang, R. X., Xue, H., Xi, J., & Chai, F. Episodic subduction patches in the western North Pacific identified from BGC-Argo float data. Biogeosciences, 18(19), (2021): 5539–5554, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5539-2021., Subduction associated with mesoscale eddies is an important but difficult-to-observe process that can efficiently export carbon and oxygen to the mesopelagic zone (100–1000 dbar). Using a novel BGC-Argo dataset covering the western North Pacific (20–50∘ N, 120–180∘ E), we identified imprints of episodic subduction using anomalies in dissolved oxygen and spicity, a water mass marker. These subduction patches were present in 4.0 % (288) of the total profiles (7120) between 2008 and 2019, situated mainly in the Kuroshio Extension region between March and August (70.6 %). Roughly 31 % and 42 % of the subduction patches were identified below the annual permanent pycnocline depth (300 m vs. 450 m) in the subpolar and subtropical regions, respectively. Around half (52 %) of these episodic events injected oxygen-enriched waters below the maximum annual permanent thermocline depth (450 dbar), with >20 % occurring deeper than 600 dbar. Subduction patches were detected during winter and spring when mixed layers are deep. The oxygen inventory within these subductions is estimated to be on the order of 64 to 152 g O2/m2. These mesoscale events would markedly increase oxygen ventilation as well as carbon removal in the region, both processes helping to support the nutritional and metabolic demands of mesopelagic organisms. Climate-driven patterns of increasing eddy kinetic energies in this region imply that the magnitude of these processes will grow in the future, meaning that these unexpectedly effective small-scale subduction processes need to be better constrained in global climate and biogeochemical models., This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) projects (grant nos. 41906159, 42030708, and 41730536), the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography MNR (grant no. 14283), and the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for the Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) (grant no. 2018SDKJ0206).

Published
2021

175. Diagnosis and clinical outcome following surgical resection of an intracranial grade III anaplastic gemistocytic astrocytoma in a cat

Author

Chai-Fei Li, Melissa A. Roy, Vishal D. Murthy, Molly L. Liepnieks, Beverly K. Sturges, and Kevin D. Woolard

Subjects
Surgical resection, medicine.medical_specialty, Case Report, Astrocytoma, Meningioma, Acute onset, Rare Diseases, medicine, Gemistocytic Astrocytoma, magnetic resonance imaging, neurosurgery, Small Animals, neoplasms, Cancer, brain neoplasms, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Neurosciences, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, nervous system diseases, Brain Cancer, lcsh:SF600-1100, Neurosurgery, Radiology, business, Intracranial mass
Abstract

Case summary A 10-year-old Maine Coon cat was presented for acute onset seizures and cerebrothalamic signs. An intracranial mass, suspected to be a meningioma, was diagnosed on MRI and surgically excised. Histopathology appeared consistent with an atypical meningioma. However, following rapid regrowth of the neoplasm, the patient was humanely euthanized 3 months later. On post-mortem histopathology, the neoplasm was diagnosed as a grade III anaplastic gemistocytic astrocytoma. Relevance and novel information Gemistocytic astrocytomas are rare brain tumors in the feline patient. This case represents the first report of a feline grade III anaplastic gemistocytic astrocytoma in the cerebrum of a cat with surgical excision and recurrence. The challenging nature of ante-mortem diagnosis and the guarded prognosis, despite surgical intervention, are presented in this report.

Published
2020

183. Challenges of modeling ocean basin ecosystems

Author

de Young, Brad, Heath, Mike, Werner, Francisco, Chai, Fei, Megrey, Bernard, and Monfray, Patrick

Subjects
Marine ecology -- Research -- Environmental aspects, Environmental policy -- Management -- Environmental aspects -- Research, Ocean -- Research -- Environmental aspects, Science and technology, Company business management, Management, Research, Environmental aspects
Abstract

With increasing pressure for a more ecological approach to marine fisheries and environmental management, there is a growing need to understand and predict changes in marine ecosystems. Biogeochemical and physical [...]

Published
2004

184. Long-term trend of oceanic surface carbon in the Northwest Pacific from 1958 to 2017.

Author

Ji, Xuanliang, Chai, Fei, Xiu, Peng, and Liu, Guimei

Abstract

Contrasting decrease and increase trends of sea surface temperature (SST) have been documented in the western Subarctic (WSA) and the rest of the Northwest Pacific (NWP) from 1958 to 2017, respectively. Consequently, more (less) total carbon dioxide (TCO2) due to ocean cooling (warming) is transported to the surface, which leads to increase (decrease) of oceanic surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). With the combined influence of the rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) level and changing ocean conditions, a prominent increase in oceanic surface pCO2 occurred with different rates of increase in summer and winter in the NWP. The oceanic surface pCO2 is mainly controlled by the variation of TCO2 at the interdecadal timescale and by SST at the seasonal timescale. Our results also indicate that increasing SST tends to strengthen the capability of ocean in absorbing anthropogenic CO2 in the NWP, while ocean's uptaking ability is weakened in the cooling area of the WSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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185. Contributors

Author

Adamantos, Sophie, Allen-Durrance, Ashley E., Armentano, Robert A., Aronson, Lillian Ruth, Arrowood, Amanda, Balakrishnan, Anusha, Balsa, Ingrid M., Barfield, Dominic, Barr, Ciara A., Barter, Linda S., Barthélemy, Anthony, Beer, Kari Santoro, Berent, Allyson, Birkbeck, Rachael, Boag, Amanda K., Boller, Elise Mittleman, Boller, Manuel, Boyd, Corrin, Boysen, Søren R., Brainard, Benjamin M., Brethel, Sara R., Buckley, Gareth J., Buriko, Yekaterina, Burton, Jenna H., Cenani, Alessia, Centola, Steven J., Chan, Daniel L., Chapman, Peter S., Chew, Dennis J., Clarke, Dana L., Claus, Melissa A., Cohn, Leah A., Cole, Stephen, Cooper, Edward S., Burkitt Creedon, Jamie M., Daly, Meredith L., Davis, Harold, Laforcade, Armelle de, De Rosa, Sage M., DeFrancesco, Teresa C., Dixon-Jimenez, Amy, Drobatz, Kenneth J., Duval, Justin, Eatroff, Adam E., Epstein, Steven E., Farrell, Kate S., Fischer, Christiana, Flaherty, Molly J., Fletcher, Daniel J., Francey, Thierry, Fudge, Mack, Brito Galvao, Joao Felipe de, Garzotto, Caroline K., Gelzer, Anna R.M., Gerken, Katherine K., Gianotti, Giacomo, Gibson, Erin A., Giunti, Massimo, Gommeren, Kris, Good, Jennifer M., Greensmith, Thomas D., Grubb, Tamara, Guillaumin, Julien, Hackett, Timothy B., Hagley, Simon P., Hansen, Bernie, Hart, Samantha, Harvey, Ralph C., Hayes, Galina, Hess, Rebecka S., Hoareau, Guillaume Laurent, Hoehne, Sabrina N., Holowaychuk, Marie K., Hopper, Kate, Hughes, Dez, Hume, Daniel Z., Humm, Karen, Jandrey, Karl E., Jimenez, Tania Perez, Johnson, Lynelle R., Johnston, Andrea N., Kaplan, Joanna L., Keir, Iain, Kerl, Marie E., Knipe, Marguerite F., Good, Kathryn, Koenig, Amie, Kopecny, Lucy, Kovak, Natalie, Kraus, Marc S., Langston, Catherine E., Larsen, Jennifer A., Li, Chai-Fei, Li, Ronald H.L., Debra Liu, Ta-Ying, Lynch, Alex, Lyons, Bridget M., MacDonald, Kristin A., Mandell, Deborah C., Martin, Linda G., Mathews, Karol, Mauro, Katie D., Mazzaferro, Elisa M., McBride, Duana, McClosky, Megan E., McMichael, Maureen A., Mehl, Margo, Mellema, Matthew S., Menard, Julie M., Miller, Carrie J., Miller, James B., Moeser, Adam, Monteiro, Bea, Murthy, Vishal D., Musulin, Sarah E., Odunayo, Adesola, Oldach, Maureen S., Osborne, Laura, Osekavage, Katie E., Oyama, Mark A., Palm, Carrie A., Pariaut, Romain, Pashmakova, Medora, Platt, Simon, Pouzot-Nevoret, Céline, Powell, Lisa Leigh, Pypendop, Bruno H., Quandt, Jane, Quimby, Jessica M., Rahilly, Louisa J., Ralph, Alan G., Rank, Kaitlyn, Rankin, Shelley C., Rebar, Alan H., Reineke, Erica L., Reminga, Christin L., Robben, Joris H., Robinson, Narda G., Rondeau, Mark P., Rosati, Tommaso, Rosenstein, Patricia G., Rozanski, Elizabeth, Rudloff, Elke, Schaefer, Jonathan, Schaer, Michael, Schoeffler, Gretchen L., Serrano, Sergi, Sharp, Claire R., Sharpe, Ashley N., Shropshire, Sarah B., Sigrist, Nadja E., Silverstein, Deborah C., Sleeper, Meg M., Slensky, Kimberly, Smarick, Sean D., Smart, Lisa, Soares-Dabalos, Florence, Steagall, Paulo V., Stern, Joshua A., Stewart, Randolph H., Sturges, Beverly K., Sykes, Jane E., Syring, Rebecca S., Tart, Kelly, Thawley, Vincent J., Goy-Thollot, Isabelle, Thomovsky, Elizabeth J., Todd, Jeffrey Michael, Tong, Carissa W., Troia, Roberta, Ueda, Yu, Varner, Kelley M., Vernau, Karen M., Villaverde, Cecilia, Visser, Lance C., Waddell, Lori S., Mahoney-Wages, Orla, Walker, Ashley L., Ward, Cynthia R., Ware, Wendy A., Wigglesworth, Samantha, Willard, Michael D., Winkler, Kevin, Wolf, Jake, Wright, Bonnie, Wright, Kathy N., and Green, Todd A.

Published
2023
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