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The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to measure the effects of temporal parameters on both ball velocity and upper limb joint kinetics to identify pathomechanical factors during the tennis serve and (b) to validate these pathomechanical factors by comparing injured and noninjured players.The serves of expert tennis players were recorded with an optoelectronic motion capture system. These experts were then followed during two seasons to identify overuse injuries of the upper limb. Correlation coefficients assessed the relationships between temporal parameters, ball velocity, and peaks of upper limb joint kinetics to identify pathomechanical factors. Temporal parameters and ball velocity were compared between injured and noninjured groups.Temporal pathomechanical factors were identified. The timings of peak angular velocities of pelvis longitudinal rotation, upper torso longitudinal rotation, trunk sagittal rotation, and trunk transverse rotation and the duration between instants of shoulder horizontal adduction and external rotation were significantly related to upper limb joint kinetics and ball velocity. Injured players demonstrated later timings of trunk rotations, improper differences in time between instants of shoulder horizontal adduction and external rotation, lower ball velocities, and higher joint kinetics.The findings of this study imply that improper temporal mechanics during the tennis serve can decrease ball velocity, increase upper limb joint kinetics, and thus possibly increase overuse injuries of the upper limb.

El presente estudio considera la oferta de las tres principales especies plantadas en el país, pino radiata (Pinus radiata) y eucaliptos (Eucalyptus globulus y E. nitens), y cuenta con la participación de expertos asesores de la Universidad Austral de Chile. Los resultados se obtienen de la aplicación de un modelo de programación lineal para escenarios de oferta no decreciente de productos madereros, sujeto a un número de restricciones relativas a la ocurrencia de incendios, la tendencia en el cambio de especies en la reforestación y los vectores de demanda estimada, entre otras. El trabajo abarca desde la Región de Valparaíso hasta la Región de Los Lagos

National benchmarks are a valuable tool for assessing and monitoring energy consumption in existing building stocks worldwide, but can be time consuming and expensive to generate. I explore a low-cost alternative by coordinating building related data collected by municipalities in South Africa for billing and rates purposes, to create energy use intensities (EUI) for the existing building stock. For a sample of commercial buildings in Cape Town, I link electricity data supplied by the municipality billing department with gross floor area data from the municipality valuation (rates) department, to establish EUIs. From these I calculate benchmarks that represent typical annual electricity usage for retail and office buildings in Cape Town. In addition I identify a number of improvements to data quality and access that would enable South Africa to realise the current opportunities that exist in the structure of its building data collection. In doing so South Africa can potentially leapfrog many other countries in the development of performance-based benchmarks and rating tools for a range of building activities, positioning it at the forefront of building energy-data collection.

Se proponen modelos para la estimación de la mortalidad individual en renovales de Roble-Raulí mediante la utilización de un índice de dominancia y la comparación con índices de competencia descritos por otros autores. Se establece el algoritmo de asignación de muerte individual debido a competencia, una expresión para asignación de muerte aleatoria mediante la utilización de la expresión modificada descrita por Botkin (1993).

Se propone un índice para la estimación de la dominancia individual para renovales de Roble-Raulí. Se discute la lógica asociada a la generación del índice y la explicación de los aspectos espaciales relacionados como son la competencia por recursos y la disputa por espacio. Se describe la relación existente entre el índice propuesto y el comportamiento del incremento anual corriente en DAP. Este índice permite una buena aproximación para la descripción y explicación de las variaciones que presenta el incremento anual corriente en DAP y es capaz de describir las posibilidades de sobrevivencia individual de acuerdo a su posición espacial: permite además tomar decisiones informadas dada su capacidad de entregar valores negativos y positivos reflejando el estado de estrés a que está sometido.

New technologies are often perceived as a leading sign for the performance, new functionalities availability as graphical rendering quality... This observation justifies the interest in new technologies integration in a working situation. In fact it is commonly perceived as beneficial for the human operator. Nevertheless, we have to wonder about the familiarization phase required by this type of adjustment and on its impact on the operator's working activity.This study has consisted in evaluating the level of mental workload felt by operators even though they performed a realistic control task using an innovative platform. This evaluation has been based on the analysis of two kinds of ocular parameters: the eye fixations and the pupil diameter. The data analysis shows that familiarizing with the new interface requires the solicitation of a significant level of cognitive resources. This result is illustrated by an important ocular activity dedicated to the interface use.

BACKGROUND Only a few studies based on small cohorts have been carried out on iron status in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of hepcidin in hyperferritinemia in AN adolescents. DESIGN Twenty-seven adolescents hospitalized for AN in the pediatric inpatient unit of Ambroise Pare Academic Hospital were enrolled in the study. The control group comprised 11 patients. Hematologic variables and markers of iron status, including serum hepcidin, were measured before and after nutritional rehabilitation. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 14.4 y. Except for 2 AN patients and 1 control patient, all patients presented normal hemoglobin, vitamin B-12, and folate concentrations. Markers of inflammation and cytokines were normal throughout the study. None of the muscular lysis markers were elevated. Most AN patients had normal serum iron concentrations on admission. Serum ferritin concentrations were significantly higher in patients than in control subjects (198 compared with 49 μg/L, respectively; P < 0.001). The median hepcidin concentration was significantly higher in AN patients than in the control group (186.5 compared with 39.5 μg/L, respectively; P = 0.002). There was a highly significant correlation between ferritinemia and serum hepcidin concentrations (P < 0.0001). After nutritional rehabilitation, a significant reduction was observed (P = 0.004) in serum ferritin. Serum hepcidin analyzed in a smaller number of patients also returned to within the normal range. CONCLUSIONS Hepcidin and ferritin concentrations were higher in the serum of AN patients, without any evidence of iron overload or inflammation. These concentrations returned to normal after nutritional rehabilitation. These results suggest that nutritional stress induced by malnourishment in the hepatocyte could be yet another mechanism that regulates hepcidin.

International audience; no abstract

Los resultados entregados corresponden al área cubierta por renovales de Roble-Raulí-Coigüe definida por el catastro Conaf-Conama entre las regiones del Bio Bio a Los Ríos. Esta área alcanza 989.960 hectáreas. Se muestrearon 200 conglomerados en un diseño sistemático. Lo que arrojó un volumen promedio para estos bosques de 211 m3/ha, y que en su conjunto representan 209 millones de m3, que descontando defectos llegan a cifras cercanas a los 150 millones de m3. Entre las regiones se observan algunas diferencias en sus valores medios, siendo La Araucanía la región que acumula el mayor volumen del área de estudio. El tamaño del árbol promedio en su gran mayoría (85%) es inferior a los 30 cm y aunque con una amplia dispersión la edad promedio se calculó en 36 años. En términos de la calidad de los árboles en pie sólo un 7% de los árboles cumple los estándares más altos, en tanto sobre el 70% corresponden a las más bajas calidades

International audience; In tennis, a high ball velocity and a fast run toward the net are key features to successful performance of “serve-and-volley” players. For the serve, tennis players can use two techniques: the foot-up (FU) or foot-back (FB) technique. The aim of this study was to determine if the running time toward the net after the serve and the ball velocity (Vball) vary between these two techniques. Moreover we analysed the angular momentum values of the trunk and of the arm holding the racquet. Fifteen expert tennis players performed six successful serve-and-volleys with both techniques. Running time to the net is significantly lower for FB, whereas Vball is significantly higher for FU. Trunk and arm angular momentums about the transverse axis are significantly higher with FU before ball impact. A significant correlation (r = 0.81, P < 0.001) exists between changes in the maximal trunk angular momentum and in running time to the net between the two serve techniques. A significant correlation (r = 0.84, P < 0.001) also exists between changes in the maximal trunk angular momentum and in Vball between the two serve techniques. According to these results, FB is the best technique for moving as quickly as possible to the net because of a lower trunk angular momentum.

Issues addressed: This project aimed to identify how local government planning tools could be used to influence physical and policy environments to support healthy eating behaviours in communities. Methods: An audit of Queensland's legislative and non-legislative local government planning tools was conducted by a public health nutritionist to assess their potential use in addressing strategies to achieve positive nutrition outcomes. Ten strategies were identified and covered the following themes: improving access to healthy foods and drinks; increasing access to breastfeeding facilities; decreasing fast food outlet density; and unhealthy food advertising. Results: The audit found that all of the 10 strategies to achieve positive nutrition outcomes could be considered through three or more of the planning tools. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this audit, local government planning tools provide opportunities to address food and nutrition issues and contribute toward creating physical and policy environments that support healthy eating behaviours.

UNLABELLED Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), like many autoimmune diseases, is most prevalent in young women. The immunological basis of this age and sex susceptibility bias was investigated in a murine model of AIH. Xenoimmunization of 7-week-old female C57BL/6 mice resulted in more severe AIH with higher levels of liver inflammation, serum alanine aminotransferase, specific T-cell cytotoxicity, and autoantibody than younger and older females. Vaccinated males developed minimal liver inflammation and higher percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cell in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, spleen, and liver than females. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) were virtually absent in liver-lymphocytes infiltrates of females. Castration of C57BL/6 mice, with or without 17beta-estradiol supplementation, did not modify susceptibility in males, nor Treg numbers, suggesting minimal contribution of testosterone and estradiol to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) susceptibility. Xenoimmunized Aire(+/0) mouse displayed similar AIH susceptibility, sex bias, and Tregs numbers as C57BL/6 mice, suggesting that susceptibility in females is not the result of less stringent thymic central tolerance. Autoreactive B cell response against formiminotransferase-cyclodeaminase correlated with disease activity, possibly linking B-cell autoreactivity and AIH pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Peripheral tolerance and development of regulatory T cells after self-mimicking antigen exposure, and not sexual hormone nor central tolerance, are the main factors for susceptibility to AIH in females.

El propósito de este reporte es dar cuenta de las tendencias demostradas en la sustentabilidad de los ecosistemas forestales desde la perspectiva de aspectos económicos, sociales y ecológicos. El énfasis del reporte se encuentra en la provisión de información gráfica orientada a organismos, profesionales y personas que tienen poder de decisión respecto del tema o están interesados en conocer el desempeño de los aspectos de sustentabilidad de los ecosistemas forestales nativos

The aim of this study was to compare tennis matches played on clay (CL) and resin (R) courts. Six matches were played (3 on CL courts and 3 on R courts) by 6 high-level players. Heart rate (HR) was monitored continuously while running time (4.66 m), and blood lactate concentration ([La]) were measured every 4 games. Mean duration of points and effective playing time (EPT) were measured for each match. Mean HR (154 ± 12 vs. 141 ± 9 b · min(-1)) and [La] values (5.7 ± 1.8 vs. 3.6 ± 1.2 mmol · L(-1)) were significantly higher on CL (p < 0.05). The [La] increased significantly during the match on CL court. Mean duration of rallies (8.5 ± 0.2 vs. 5.9 ± 0.5 seconds) and EPT (26.2 ± 1.9 vs. 19.5 ± 2.0%) were significantly longer (p < 0.05) on CL. Running time values in speed tests were not significantly different between CL and R. Running time performance was not significantly decreased during the match, whatever the playing surface. This study shows that the court surface influences the characteristics of the match and the player's physiological responses. The court surface should be a key factor for consideration when coaches determine specific training programs for high-level tennis players.

In order to identify and describe the organisation of specialist hospitals' technical services and activities for patients with cardiovascular disease, we applied the classification method of Barrubes et al. to their in-patients' hospitalisation period for a duration of 24 hours or more. Technical activities are defined as the state-of-the-art medicine for extremely complex diseases requiring specifically skilled attention. This simple method enabled the identification of specialist technical activities for treating patients with cardiovascular disease and to learn more about the role of the public and private providers of hospital care, roles which vary according to French geographic areas and regions.

International audience; Aging triggers several abnormalities in muscle glycolytic fibers including increased proteolysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Since the mitochondria are the main site of substrate oxidation, ROS production and programmed cell death, we tried to know whether the cellular disorders encountered in sarcopenia are due to abnormal mitochondrial functioning. Gastrocnemius mitochondria were extracted from adult (6 months) and aged (21 months) male Wistar rats. Respiration parameters, opening of the permeability transition pore and ROS production, with either glutamate (amino acid metabolism) or pyruvate (glucose metabolism) as a respiration substrate, were evaluated at different matrix calcium concentrations. Pyruvate dehydrogenase and respiratory complex activities as well as their contents measured by Western blotting analysis were determined. Furthermore, the fatty acid profile of mitochondrial phospholipids was also measured. At physiological calcium concentration, state III respiration rate was lowered by aging in pyruvate conditions (-22%), but not with glutamate. The reduction of pyruvate oxidation resulted from a calcium-dependent inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase system and could provide for the well-known proteolysis encountered during sarcopenia. Matrix calcium loading and aging increased ROS production. They also reduced the oxidative phosphorylation. This was associated with lower calcium retention capacities, suggesting that sarcopenic fibers are more prone to programmed cell death. Aging was also associated with a reduced mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity, which does not intervene in toxic ROS overproduction but could explain the lower calcium retention capacities. Despite a lower content, cytochrome c oxidase displayed an increased activity associated with an increased n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio of mitochondrial phospholipids. In conclusion, we propose that mitochondria obtained from aged muscle fibers display several functional abnormalities explaining the increased proteolysis, ROS overproduction and vulnerability to apoptosis exhibited by sarcopenic muscle. These changes appear to be related to modifications of the fatty acid profile of mitochondrial lipids.

Xenografts of fetal porcine mesencephalic cells implanted into the rat striatum are generally rejected within several weeks. The fetal donor mesencephalon predominantly consists of neurons, but also contains microglial and endothelial cells, which are more immunogenic. In the present work, we investigated the occurrence of donor endothelial cells in grafts of porcine mesencephalic cells implanted into the rat striatum. Pig endothelial cells were monitored by immunochemical methods, using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes a peptidic epitope of the porcine β1 integrin, and isolectin IB4, for the staining of the Galα1,3Gal epitope. The analysis also involved the detection of the pig hyaluronate receptor CD44, and the cell adhesion molecule CD31. The anti-β1 integrin mAb revealed endothelial-like cells in grafts of porcine mesencephalic cells as soon as 1 week after implantation. A similar staining pattern was obtained with the IB4 lectin. Unlike aortic endothelial cells, these pig brain-derived endothelial-like cells were not recognized by the anti-CD44 antibody. They also failed to express the CD31 adhesion molecule, a fact which suggests that they remained poorly mature, even in grafts maintained during 45 days in immunosuppressed rats. Interestingly, a strong expression of β1 integrin immunoreactivity was noticed in a large proportion (80%) of the cells freshly dissociated from the fetal pig mesencephalic tissue. The immunoreactivity decreased progressively after transplantation of the cells into the rat brain. This observation suggests that dissociated neuroblasts are capable of a temporary expression of β1 integrin. This molecule is known to participate in the process of cell sorting and migration in the developing brain. Hence, its expression could be the hallmark of a rescue mechanism triggered by the disruption of the cell/matrix interactions during the dissociation of the fetal mesencephalon. This disruption might account for part of the dramatic cell death process that occurs during the manipulation of the donor tissue.

The aim of our study was to examine in rats, age-related differences in myocardial ischemic recovery and to determine the possible relationship with modification of cardiac and vascular oxidative stress. Isolated perfused hearts from young (2 months), adult (6 months), and old (21 months) Wistar rats were subjected to a ischemia–reperfusion sequence. Vascular histomorphological analyses were performed and NADPH oxidase was studied. The expression of angiotensin AT1 receptors was evaluated using immunostaining. During the preischemic period, but also after ischemia, an aged-related decrease in myocardial functional parameters was observed, and was associated with an increased release of reactive oxygen species. In aortas, the activity and expression of NADPH oxidase increased with age according to the ESR, fluorescence microscopy, and immunohistochemistry; the NADPH oxidase involved was localized in endothelial cells. We found an age-related increase in the expression of endothelial angiotensin AT1. Our study suggests that myocardial function and adaptation to ischemia–reperfusion declined during aging and are related to a higher level of oxidative stress. Endothelial NADPH oxidase is a major contributor to age-related cardiovascular deterioration. One of the regulators of vascular NADPH oxidase activity, the renin–angiotensin system, may be involved in the modulation of vascular superoxide production during the aging process.

The article addresses the need to co-ordinate efforts to develop clinical coding systems and pragmatic clinical terminologies like SNOMED CT. In the first part, a description is given of the current context of divergent and replicated efforts. Then is presented a "reference terminology representation" approach based on a formal terminology representation as an open source available in the public domain with diversity in the linguistic expressiveness of end users let to competing developers and researchers. The last part is devoted to the contribution of the standardisation process in healthcare terminology initiated by CEN/TC251 and supported now by the work of CEN/TC215/WG3 to this new approach which can be summarised as the practical realisation of an ontology.

This study analyzes the morphological and hearing results obtained from intact canal wall cholesteatoma surgery by removing the malleus, reinforcing the whole tympanic membrane with cartilage, and performing an ossiculoplasty with a hydroxyapatite prosthesis. The results were compared to those obtained in intact canal wall cholesteatoma surgery by preserving the malleus manubrium, partially reinforcing the tympanic membrane with cartilage, and predominantly using an ossicle to perform the ossiculoplasty. One- or two-stage intact canal wall procedures were performed in 390 adult patients (416 ears) who had a nonoperated middle ear cholesteatoma. Recurrent and residual cholesteatoma rates were evaluated. Hearing results were analyzed according to the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium Guidelines of the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery. There was a statistically significant decrease in the recurrence rate in patients who had total cartilage reinforcement of the tympanic membrane versus patients who had partial tympanic membrane cartilage reinforcement. This technique using a hydroxyapatite prosthesis for ossiculoplasty gave good hearing results.

Purpose To assess breast-conserving therapy results in elderly patients with early-stage breast cancer (clinical Stage I-II). Methods and materials Between 1979 and 1998, 196 women (200 treated breasts) aged ≥70 years (median age, 72.5 years) were treated with breast-conserving therapy (lumpectomy or quadrantectomy with axillary lymph node dissection and radiotherapy). Pathologic axillary node involvement was found in 51 patients (28%). Two-thirds of patients received tamoxifen, and 16% received chemotherapy. Results At a median follow-up of 59 months, 3 patients (1.5%) had developed local recurrence and 20 (10.2%) distant metastases. The overall survival rate was 81% and 62% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The corresponding disease-specific survival rates were 92% and 88%. Axillary nodal involvement was the only statistically significant risk factor for the development of metastases ( p = 0.0035). Arm mobility impairment and arm lymphedema each occurred in 5 patients. In another 5 patients, a thromboembolic event occurred during tamoxifen treatment. Conclusion Elderly women tolerate breast-conserving therapy, including radiotherapy, well and have excellent rates of locoregional control and disease-specific survival.

Following a request from the local health authority, we have organised the permanent linkage of DRG/MBDS databases from different tertiary care hospitals from Saint-Etienne urban area. To made anonymous the MBDS, we used the asymmetric hashing and encrypting software developed and registered by the University hospital of Dijon. In each hospital, the selection of acute care stay MBDS is performed on the presence of at least one malignant tumour ICD code. The output is an anonymous but personal 20,000 patients register. We are presenting the method to estimate the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) cured between 1996 and 2000 from DRG databases of four hospitals and checking the validity against the figures coming from a cancer registry. Among the 1953 CRC patients observed, 156 patients have followed a CRC surgical excising in 1999. The DRG activity of the 4 observatory hospitals is 33.5% of the total hospital activity for people of the area recorded by the 1999 regional DRG PMSI data bases. The estimation of the incidence is 465 for 1999, the estimation of the same incidence by applying the incidence rate by sex and age from the Isère cancer register to the population of the Loire area, is 504. The under estimation is 7.7% with the observatory method. It is rather difficult to check an estimation by another estimation but in France the evaluation of oncology care strategies is impeded by the lack of cancer registries. The conclusion of this study is a good feasibility and acceptability of the linking procedure when used with a clear healthcare goal. The use of DRG data bases within an oncology network by linking the mandatory MBDS data bases gives the opportunity to share some clinical data between healthcare professionals.

International audience; The prion-like Doppel protein (Dpl) has many biochemical and structural properties in common with the cellular prion protein (PrP(c)), and the physiological role of neither protein is known. Experimental data suggest either direct or indirect interaction between the two proteins. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and biochemical characteristics of Dpl in human tissues and in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with wild-type or variant human Dpl gene constructs. Human Dpl appears to be a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein with N- and O-linked sugars. It was found on Sertoli cells in the testis, on the flagella of epididymal and mature spermatozoa, and in seminal plasma. Dpl coexists only with N-terminally truncated isoforms of PrP(c) on mature spermatozoa. The localization of human Dpl on both Sertoli cells (somatic cells) and spermatozoa (germinal cells) strongly suggests that this protein may play a major role in human male fertility. Finally, our data indicate that spermatozoa are thus an interesting model for studies of the potential interaction between Dpl and PrP(c).

Importance The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a complex group of neurodegenerative disorders with significant genetic heterogeneity. Despite the identification of 20 SCA genes, the cause of the disorder in a significant proportion of families with SCA remains unexplained. In 1972, a French-Canadian family segregating a combination of SCA and erythrokeratodermia variabilis (EKV) in an autosomal dominant fashion was described. Objective To map and identify the causative gene in this large family with SCA and EKV using a combination of linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing. Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 32 individuals from the family have undergone complete neurologic and dermatologic examinations. Main Outcomes and Measures Mutations in ELOVL4 have been reported in families with macular degeneration. Recently, homozygous mutations were found in patients with ichthyosis, spastic paraplegia, and severe neurodevelopmental defects. In the present study, we report on a heterozygote mutation in ELOVL4 in affected individuals from the family with SCA and EKV. The mutation segregates with a milder phenotype consisting of early-onset patches of erythema and hyperkeratosis, as well as SCA manifesting in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Results We describe the mapping and the identification of a c.504G>C transversion in ELOVL4 resulting in the p.L168F substitution. We also provide clinical characterization of the phenotypes in 19 mutation carriers. Conclusions and Relevance We report, to our knowledge, the first mutation in ELOVL4 that is associated with SCA and EKV. This gene encodes a member of the elongase family, which is responsible for the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids (at least 26 carbons). These fatty acids participate in a wide variety of physiological functions, including skin barrier formation and peroxisome β-oxidation. Overall, these results provide additional insight into the pathogenesis of these complex neurodegenerative disorders.

Varroa jacobsoni is an ectoparasite of Apis mellifera which invades brood cells, on 8-day-old larvae several hours before cell capping. Reproduction of the parasite takes place in the capped brood cells during the nymphose of the bee. Cuticular hydrocarbons of unparasitized bees and of bees parasitized by Varroa jacobsoni were extracted and analysed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three developmental stages of worker honey bees were studied: larvae, pupae and emergent adults. The comparison between unparasitized and parasitized hosts was performed with Principal Components Analysis coupled with a multivariate variance analysis. The cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of honey bees were qualitatively similar, for the 3 developmental stages and regardless of the presence of Varroa in the cells. Nevertheless, comparison of the relative proportions of hydrocarbons showed that the cuticular profiles of pupae and emergent adults parasitized by 1 mite and of larvae parasitized by 2 mites were significantly different from the corresponding unparasitized individuals. Such modifications could be regarded (i) as a cause of the multi-infestation in larvae during invasion of brood and (ii) as a consequence of stress and/or removal of proteins contained in the haemolymph of the host during its development.

Documento que contiene el trabajo desarrollado por Infor en la actualización y escalamiento de las funciones que componen el modelo de crecimiento para eucalipto: crecimiento en altura, mortalidad natural, rendimiento en área basal y predicción del volumen; utilizando la información generada a través de los proyectos desarrollados por Infor y Fundación Chile. Además, se describen los antecedentes utilizados para generar dichas funciones. especie) con los de versiones anteriores (EUCA2.1). Finalmente, se hace hincapié en la necersidad de mantener actualizadas las bases de datos para realizar nuevos escalamientos. En t érminos de distribucion de edades, prácticamente toda la información se concentra entre los 2-12 años para Eucalyptus globulus y 2-7 años para Eucalyptus nitens.

Les rencontres 2006 organisees par l’Institut de l’information scientifique et technique (INIST/CNRS) a l’intention des professionnels de l’IST se sont deroulees du 19 au 21 juin 2006 a Nancy ou se sont retrouvees plus de quatre cents personnes exercant principalement dans le monde de la recherche et de l’enseignement. Outre les presentations de differents projets de l’INIST et d’autres organismes de recherche et de nombreuses seances de posters, deux grands themes ont ete abordes lors des conferences : « Archives institutionnelles et archives ouvertes » et « Veille scientifique, veille strategique »

Organisees par l’INIST en etroite collaboration avec plusieurs organismes publics de recherche, les troisiemes Rencontres des professionnels de l’information scientifique et technique ont rassemble, du 20 au 22 juin 2005 a Nancy, 350 professionnels de l’Iα du monde de la recherche et de l’enseignement. La premiere session etait consacree aux politiques de l’IST a l’echelle francaise et internationale. la session suivante s’est penchee sur la gestion de documents numeriques, le travail collaboratif et la gestion de contenu. La derniere etait centree sur les problematiques d’evaluation et de valorisation de la production scientifique.