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Roberto Giugliani1–6 Andressa Federhen1,4 Andre Anjos Silva1,5 Camila Matzenbacher Bittar1,5 Carolina Fischinger Moura de Souza1 Cristina Brinckmann Oliveira Netto1 Fabiana Quoos Mayer2,7 Guilherme Baldo1,2,8 Ursula Matte1–5 1Medical Genetics Service, 2Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clinicas (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; 3Department of Genetics, 4Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, 5Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; 6National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; 7Fundacao Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (FEPAGRO), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil; 8Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Diversos distúrbios metabólicos que se manifestam de forma grave e precoce podem ter sua história natural substancialmente alterada pela introdução de um tratamento em sua fase pré-clínica. O diagnóstico pré-sintomático só é possível com a realização de testes de triagem populacional em recém-nascidos. O esforço para realizar um programa de triagem neonatal deve ser empreendido quando um distúrbio metabólico preenche os seguintes requisitos: 1) o distúrbio traz, se não tratado, conseqüências graves para a saúde do afetado; 2) existe um tratamento que pode modificar substancialmente a história natural da doença; 3) o tratamento é significativamente mais eficaz quando implantado na fase pré-clínica da doença; 4) existe um teste de triagem que seja simples, eficiente, aplicável em larga escala e de baixo custo. Baseados nessas premissas, programas de triagem neonatal foram inicialmente implantados para fenilcetonúria e hipotireoidismo congênito, e hoje estão sendo aplicados para um número crescente de situações. Esses programas já estão bem-consolidados nos países desenvolvidos, mas é ainda um desafio a sua eficiente aplicação nos países do Terceiro Mundo. Several metabolic disorders which have early and severe manifestations may have their natural history significantly modified by the introduction of a treatment still on the pre-clinical phase. Pre-symptomatic diagnosis is only possible with the performance of screening tests in target populations, like newborns. The effort to perform a neonatal screening test should be done when a metabolic disorder fulfill the following criteria: 1) the disorders bring, if not treated, early and severe consequences to the health of the affected subject; 2) a treatment, which could substantially modify the natural history of the disease, is available; 3) the treatment is significantly more effective when introduced in the pre-clinical phase of the disease; 4) a laboratory test, which should be simple, efficient, low-cost and suitable for application in large scale, is available. With these conditions in mind, neonatal screening programs were initially introduced for phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism, and presently are performed for the detection of a growing number of diseases. These programs are already well-established in developed countries, but their efficient application in developing countries is still a challenge.

Introduction Classical homocystinuria is a rare genetic disease caused by cystathionine β-synthase deficiency, resulting in homocysteine accumulation. Growing evidence suggests that reduced fat mass in patients with classical homocystinuria may be associated with alterations in choline and homocysteine pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the body composition of patients with classical homocystinuria, identifying changes in body fat percentage and correlating findings with biochemical markers of homocysteine and choline pathways, lipoprotein levels and bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores. Methods Nine patients with classical homocystinuria were included in the study. Levels of homocysteine, methionine, cysteine, choline, betaine, dimethylglycine and ethanolamine were determined. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in patients and in 18 controls. Data on the last BMD measurement and lipoprotein profile were obtained from medical records. Results Of 9 patients, 4 (44%) had a low body fat percentage, but no statistically significant differences were found between patients and controls. Homocysteine and methionine levels were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), while cysteine showed a positive correlation with BMI (p