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Recently, the topic of green entrepreneurship, even green nascent entrepreneurship, has been gathering momentum and emerging as a reality, which may play a major role in the development of a more sustainable global economy. This article focuses exclusively on the so-called green-green companies, therefore on companies that were conceived with an ecological approach since their beginnings. Numerous studies lend support to the argument that social norms, which certainly are a manifestation of the given cultural context, are among the most significant determinants of entrepreneurial activity. The objective of this study is to explore how the cultural factors, which influence the attitude toward environment, may or may not affect the ratio of green entrepreneurship initiatives in a region. Consequently, we try to answer as well the question if there are cultures more likely to start green enterprise ventures than others do. Apart from exposing the recent efforts to find the connection between environmental attitudes and green entrepreneurship commitment, this papers offers data collected in Spain, Portugal and Austria regarding four variables: environment legislation, non-governmental initiatives to preserve the environment, ratio of sustainable cities and measures undertaken in environmental and ecopreneurship education. These variables evidence the embedded environmental awareness in the three different cultural areas. The methodological approach consists of an exploratory data analysis in order to unveil the kind of relation between the above-mentioned variables and the green entrepreneurship initiatives in these regions. The results do not show a clearly positive relation between a friendly culture toward environmental aspects and the rate of green entrepreneurial initiatives and further research much be done to investigate if there is however a cause–effect influence but in a longer time spam. The authors still believe on the important part played by culture not only in the level of business venture creation, but also in the type of venture initiatives.

In the psychological literature, intentions appear to be a good predictor of future planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991). This factor is directly associated with people's ability to create a business and self-employment as a strategy of progress and independence. The present study is an attempt to analyze whether there are differences between university students in Spain and Portugal regarding entrepreneurial intention and potential using the PROE instrument (Pessimism, Realism, Optimism and Entrepreneurship). The sample comprises 110 university students with a mean age of 21 years, 68.8% of whom were Sánchez-García, J. C., Hernández Sánchez, B., Flórez, J., Saraiva, H.I.B. and Gabriel, V.M.S. (2017) Entrepreneurial Potential, Realism and Optimism as Predictor Variables of Entrepreneurial Intention: Differences Between Spain And Portugal, Vol.9(1): 67-82 68 women and 29.5% were men. All factors evaluated have good internal consistency, and it was concluded that there are significant differences between Spanish and Portuguese students in their entrepreneurial potential, realism and optimism, with the establishment of social networks and economic motivation being the differential factors in the two populations.

La incertidumbre y ambigüedad en el empleo es una realidad en muchas sociedades actuales, por lo cual la idea de auto emplearse ha comenzado a tomar un rol más activo, no solo por necesidad, sino por los prospectos que trae de innovación y mejoría a las sociedades. Ante esta situación social nos asalta la pregunta: ¿Cómo podemos potenciar el espíritu emprendedor en nuestros estudiantes? El artículo tiene como objetivo recopilar información teórica del estado del arte sobre la educación emprendedora; lo que ha sido, es, y puede ser, con la finalidad de presentar la actualidad sobre el tema, tanto en el campo psicológico como en el campo pedagógico. Para lograr este objetivo, se recopiló información proveniente de 108 fuentes investigativas, refiriéndose a libros y artículos de revista, concluyendo que, a pesar de que a nivel general la educación emprendedora ha contribuido significativamente a su entorno y la producción de empresas, países tercermundistas o subdesarrollados, específicamente los de Latinoamérica, aun requieren esfuerzo extra para implementar en su cabalidad el tema de emprendimiento a nivel académico, particularmente, por desafíos como inestabilidad política, tecnología y competencia a nivel internacional. Job uncertainty and ambiguity is a reality in many current societies, therefore, the idea of self-employment has taken a more active role, not only out of necessity, but also because it brings innovation and development to societies. In view of this situation, the following question arises: how can we strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit of our students? This article has the objective to collect theoretical information of the state of the art on entrepreneurship education: what it has been, what it is, and what can it be, in order to present the current condition of the topic, both in the psychological and pedagogical field. To achieve this objective, information from 108 research sources, mainly from scientific articles and books was collected, concluding that, although generally, entrepreneurship education has significantly contributed to the creation of businesses, developing countries, specifically, those in Latin America, still require extra effort to fully implement entrepreneurship topic in the curriculums, particularly because of challenges such as political instability, technology and international competition. La incertidumbre y ambigüedad en el empleo es una realidad en muchas sociedades actuales, por lo cual la idea de auto emplearse ha comenzado a tomar un rol más activo, no solo por necesidad, sino por los prospectos que trae de innovación y mejoría a las sociedades. Ante esta situación social nos asalta la pregunta: ¿Cómo podemos potenciar el espíritu emprendedor en nuestros estudiantes? El artículo tiene como objetivo recopilar información teórica del estado del arte sobre la educación emprendedora; lo que ha sido, es, y puede ser, con la finalidad de presentar la actualidad sobre el tema, tanto en el campo psicológico como en el campo pedagógico. Para lograr este objetivo, se recopiló información proveniente de 108 fuentes investigativas, refiriéndose a libros y artículos de revista, concluyendo que, a pesar de que a nivel general la educación emprendedora ha contribuido significativamente a su entorno y la producción de empresas, países tercermundistas o subdesarrollados, específicamente los de Latinoamérica, aun requieren esfuerzo extra para implementar en su cabalidad el tema de emprendimiento a nivel académico, particularmente, por desafíos como inestabilidad política, tecnología y competencia a nivel internacional.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis frequent in children younger than 5 years of age. It involves coronary arteries and other medium-sized vessels. There also exists evidence of inflammatory and proliferative changes affecting the biliary tract and lymphocyte infiltration of the renal interstitial. We describe the case of a 9-year-old girl who developed high-grade fever, bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis, «strawberry» tongue, desquamation of the fingers and toes, cholestatic syndrome, edema and elevated serum creatinine. KD is a diagnostic challenge for the pediatrician. In every patient with high-grade fever, cholestasis and acute kidney injury, KD should be included in the differential diagnosis, even though more research is necessary to evaluate this atypical association.

Since work organizations became the subject of scientific research, how to operationalize and measure dimensions of work design has been an issue, mainly due to concerns about internal consistency and factor structure. In response, Morgeson and Humphrey (2006) built the Work Design Questionnaire –WDQ–, an instrument that identifies and measures these dimensions in different work and organizational contexts. This paper presents the instruent’s adaptation into Spanish using reliability and validity analysis and drawing on a sample of 1035 Spanish workers who hold various jobs in an array of occupational categories. The total instrument’s internal consistency was Cronbach’s alpha of .92 and the various scales’ reliability ranged from .70 to .96, except for three dimensions. There was initially a difference in the comparative fit of the two versions’ factor structures, but the model with 21 work characteristics (motivational -task and knowledge-, social, and work context) showed the highest goodness of fit of the various models tested, confirming previous results from the U.S. version as well as adaptations into other languages and contexts. CFA results indicated goodness of fit of factor configurations corresponding to each of the four major categories of work characteristics, with CFI and TLI around .90, as well as SRMR and RMSEA below .08. Thus it brings to the table a reliable, valid measure of work design with clear potential applications in research as well as professional practice, applications that could improve working conditions, boost productivity, and generate more personal and professional development opportunities for workers.

Recent studies have proved that physical activity of the pregnant woman brings benefits not only for the mother but also for the fetus, given that it decreases the number of macrosomic newborns and their negative consequences in both of them.To analyze in pregnant women the influence of a moderate physical activity program in the aquatic environment on the weight of the newborn.A randomized clinical trial with 140 healthy pregnant women, aged between 21 and 43 years, divided into two groups, study (GE, n = 70) and control (GC, n = 70). The women were attracted at 12 weeks of gestation in the first trimester ultrasound control carried out in the different obstetrical services in Granada. They joined the program at week 20 of gestation and ended in week 37. The perinatal results were obtained from the partograph of each woman, included in the Delivery Room Services of the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada.The median weight of the babies of the pregnant women who participated in the intervention was 3,250 g, compared to the babies of the control group, with a median of 3,460 g. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (p = 0.011). Among newborns, 86.8% of both groups had weights within clinical normality, that is between 2,500 and 4,000 g. Women who followed the SWEP (Study Water Exercise Pregnant) method during pregnancy had a weight gain of 8.28 kg, compared to sedentary women, who presented a 11.17 kg weight gain. However, the rate of macrosomic infants was similar, so there were no significant differences between the two groups (GC n = 7, GE n = 6). There were no significant differences in gestation time between the two groups, with an average of 279.70 days (GC) and 280.09 days (SG) (p-value0.05).Moderate physical activity in the aquatic environment, following the SWEP methodology, does not present risks of preterm birth and does not alter the gestation time with regard to the sedentary women during pregnancy. Physical exercise has achieved a significant decrease in the weight of the newborn and a less profit ponderal during pregnancy. These two results have not been instrumental in reducing the rate of macrosomies in our study.INTRODUCCIÓN: los últimos estudios han demostrado que la actividad física de la mujer embarazada aporta beneficios no solo para la madre sino también para el feto, puesto que disminuye el número de recién nacidos macrosómicos y sus consecuencias negativas para los dos. OBJETIVO: analizar la influencia de un programa de actividad física de carácter moderado para la mujer gestante en el medio acuático sobre el peso del recién nacido. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: ensayo clínico aleatorizado con 140 mujeres gestantes sanas, con edades entre 21 y 43 años y divididas en dos grupos, estudio (GE, n = 70) y control (GC, n = 70). Las mujeres fueron captadas a las 12 semanas de gestación en el control ecográfico del primer trimestre, en los distintos servicios de obstetricia de Granada. Se incorporaron al programa en la semana 20 de gestación y terminaron en la semana 37. Los resultados perinatales se obtuvieron del partograma de cada mujer, registrado en los Servicios de Paritorio del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada. RESULTADOS: la mediana del peso de los bebes de las gestantes que participaron en la intervención fue de 3.250 g, frente a la de los bebes del grupo control, que fue de 3.460 g; existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos (p = 0,011). El 86,8% de los dos grupos presentaba pesos dentro de la normalidad clínica, esto es, entre 2.500 y 4.000 g. Las mujeres que siguieron el método SWEP (Study Water Exercise Pregnant)durante el embarazo tuvieron una ganancia ponderal de 8,28 kg, frente a las mujeres sedentarias, en las cuales fue de 11,17 kg (p0,001). Sin embargo, la tasa de bebés macrosómicos fue similar, por lo que no se presentan diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos (GC n = 7, GE n = 6). No hubo diferencias significativas en el tiempo de gestación entre ambos grupos, con una media de 279,70 días (GC) y 280,09 días (GE) (p-valor0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: La actividad física de carácter moderado en el medio acuático siguiendo la metodología SWEP no presenta riesgos de parto prematuro y no se altera el tiempo de gestación con respecto a las mujeres sedentarias durante el embarazo. El ejercicio físico ha logrado una disminución significativa del peso del recién nacido y una menor ganancia ponderal durante el embarazo. Estos dos resultados no han sido determinantes para reducir la tasa de macrosomías en nuestro estudio.

The study of flood events, especially analyses of flood magnitude and flood frequency, is crucial for the planning and management of settlements and infrastructure located near river channels. This work studies the historical floods of the Almanzora catchment, in southeastern Spain, one of the driest regions in Europe. We compile, describe and statistically process flood data that extend back to the year 1500 CE. The data were collected from historical sources held in both local and regional archives. The analysis of the flood record shows that the most destructive events occurred in 1550, 1729, 1879 and 1973, the last of these being the most catastrophic event on record. The synoptic configurations of the four most destructive floods in the time-series were explored and found to present the same type of pattern (cold drop). Historical flood discharges were estimated by calibrating historical flood magnitudes with instrumental data. This assessment was undertaken using a cumulative function applied to flood episodes that exceeded the threshold of magnitudes ≥3. The flood frequency analysis performed by combining instrumental and historical data shows that catastrophic events, such as the 1973 flood with a discharge of 5600 m3 s−1, occur with a return period of

After the implementation of a management package for red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) (including habitat improvement, legal predator removal, supplementary feeding and watering and shooting restrain) in an agricultural Mediterranean area of Spain (308 ha), spring pair densities increased from 2.92 to 12.66/km2 in 9 years, together with summer densities (from 24 to 98 birds/km2) and autumn densities (from 16.5 to 86 birds/km2). We recorded an overall decrease in the over-winter survival of partridges and an increase in their over-summer survival as time progressed. Productivity doubled in 5 years and densities of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) significantly increased. Hence, this study shows that a feasible and affordable combination of management tools worked to improve partridge populations, and also helped the recovery of wild rabbits. The study site supported the presence of 42 ‘red-listed’ species (including 21 species of raptors).

Introducción: los últimos estudios han demostrado que la actividad física de la mujer embarazada aporta benefi cios no solo para la madre sino también para el feto, puesto que disminuye el número de recién nacidos macrosómicos y sus consecuencias negativas para los dos. Objetivo: analizar la infl uencia de un programa de actividad física de carácter moderado para la mujer gestante en el medio acuático sobre el peso del recién nacido. Material y métodos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado con 140 mujeres gestantes sanas, con edades entre 21 y 43 años y divididas en dos grupos, estudio (GE, n = 70) y control (GC, n = 70). Las mujeres fueron captadas a las 12 semanas de gestación en el control ecográfi co del primer trimestre, en los distintos servicios de obstetricia de Granada. Se incorporaron al programa en la semana 20 de gestación y terminaron en la semana 37. Los resultados perinatales se obtuvieron del partograma de cada mujer, registrado en los Servicios de Paritorio del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada. Resultados: la mediana del peso de los bebes de las gestantes que participaron en la intervención fue de 3.250 g, frente a la de los bebes del grupo control, que fue de 3.460 g; existen diferencias estadísticamente signifi cativas entre ambos grupos (p = 0,011). El 86,8% de los dos grupos presentaba pesos dentro de la normalidad clínica, esto es, entre 2.500 y 4.000 g. Las mujeres que siguieron el método SWEP (Study Water Exercise Pregnant) durante el embarazo tuvieron una ganancia ponderal de 8,28 kg, frente a las mujeres sedentarias, en las cuales fue de 11,17 kg (p < 0,001). Sin embargo, la tasa de bebés macrosómicos fue similar, por lo que no se presentan diferencias signifi cativas entre los dos grupos (GC n = 7, GE n = 6). No hubo diferencias signifi cativas en el tiempo de gestación entre ambos grupos, con una media de 279,70 días (GC) y 280,09 días (GE) (p-valor > 0,05). Conclusión: La actividad física de carácter moderado en el medio acuático siguiendo la metodología SWEP no presenta riesgos de parto prematuro y no se altera el tiempo de gestación con respecto a las mujeres sedentarias durante el embarazo. El ejercicio físico ha logrado una disminución signifi cativa del peso del recién nacido y una menor ganancia ponderal durante el embarazo. Estos dos resultados no han sido determinantes para reducir la tasa de macrosomías en nuestro estudio., Introduction: Recent studies have proved that physical activity of the pregnant woman brings benefi ts not only for the mother but also for the fetus, given that it decreases the number of macrosomic newborns and their negative consequences in both of them. Objective: To analyze in pregnant women the infl uence of a moderate physical activity program in the aquatic environment on the weight of the newborn. Material and methods: A randomized clinical trial with 140 healthy pregnant women, aged between 21 and 43 years, divided into two groups, study (GE, n = 70) and control (GC, n = 70). The women were attracted at 12 weeks of gestation in the fi rst trimester ultrasound control carried out in the different obstetrical services in Granada. They joined the program at week 20 of gestation and ended in week 37. The perinatal results were obtained from the partograph of each woman, included in the Delivery Room Services of the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada. Results: The median weight of the babies of the pregnant women who participated in the intervention was 3,250 g, compared to the babies of the control group, with a median of 3,460 g. There were statistically signifi cant differences between the two groups (p = 0.011). Among newborns, 86.8% of both groups had weights within clinical normality, that is between 2,500 and 4,000 g. Women who followed the SWEP (Study Water Exercise Pregnant) method during pregnancy had a weight gain of 8.28 kg, compared to sedentary women, who presented a 11.17 kg weight gain. However, the rate of macrosomic infants was similar, so there were no signifi cant differences between the two groups (GC n = 7, GE n = 6). There were no signifi cant differences in gestation time between the two groups, with an average of 279.70 days (GC) and 280.09 days (SG) (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: Moderate physical activity in the aquatic environment, following the SWEP methodology, does not present risks of preterm birth and does not alter the gestation time with regard to the sedentary women during pregnancy. Physical exercise has achieved a signifi cant decrease in the weight of the newborn and a less profi t ponderal during pregnancy. These two results have not been instrumental in reducing the rate of macrosomies in our study., Trial registration: The trial is registered at the US National Institutes of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov) and named “Physical activity in pregnancy and postpartum period, effects on women”. Number NCT02761967.

This paper proposes a voice codification based on two algorithms that make the wave form codification in time domain. The first uses the significant impulse model (SIM), which has as a goal to operate as an endpoint detector and as a dawn sampling, through the detection and selection of the significant valleys and crests; the second algorithm, is a redundant wave-form recycler (RWR) that uses an architecture based on fuzzy logic with an accumulative memory. The fuzzy algorithm obtains the similitude grade between the redundant wave forms, this with the objective of save into an knowledge base the patterns, based on the no supervised learning and when there are into memory, automatically there will be used to identified their arrive respect to the input signal, substituting the input block by the correspondent pattern into memory. This decoding process is using the SIM interpolation with a memory in accordance to the RWR.

Introducción: el ejercicio físico durante el embarazo y el posparto produce efectos beneficiosos para la madre y el feto y mejora la salud y la calidad de vida de la embarazada. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de vida de las mujeres que han llevado a cabo un programa de ejercicio físico de intensidad moderada durante el embarazo y el posparto. Material y métodos: ensayo clínico multicéntrico, aleatorizado y controlado que compara una intervención conductual en dos fases. La muestra consta de 362 gestantes para proporcionar potencia del 95%, aceptando un porcentaje de error del 5%. La asignación será al azar siguiendo una técnica probabilística, sin reemplazo.Intervención: 1.a fase: ejercicio físico de carácter moderado en el agua siguiendo el método SWEP (Study Water Exercise on Pregnant). 2.a fase: ejercicio físico de carácter moderado siguiendo la metodología LPF (Low Pressure Fitness). Criterios de exclusión:1.a fase: padecer alguna contraindicación absoluta descrita por el ACOG (Colegio Americano de Obstetras y Ginecólogos). 2.a fase: parto anterior a las 16 semanas previas a la intervención, contraindicación médica absoluta o relativa para la práctica de ejercicio físico. Resultados: la salud relacionada con la calidad de vida será evaluada por el cuestionario de calidad de vida SF-36. Conclusiones: los resultados de este ECA proporcionarán información valiosa sobre los efectos del ejercicio físico, antes y después del parto, sobre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de las gestantes.

Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática cuyo objetivo principal fue evaluar los efectos del ejercicio físico, supervisado e individualizado, en las mujeres durante el embarazo y su recuperación posparto. Se efectuó una revisión sistemática de los Ensayos Clínicos Aleatorizados (ECA) cumpliendo los criterios del protocolo de revisión Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Se registró en la web: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, y se le asignó el número de registro CRD42016039371.En las búsquedas se utilizaron las bases de datos electrónicas, aplicando los criterios de inclusión, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science, Scopus y medline. Se identificaron 352 artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Tras una serie de cribados, que se describen a continuación, se incluyeron en la RS 12 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados.Una vez analizados los artículos, se observa como resultado que los ejercicios supervisados que se ejecutaron con una intensidad moderada y cuya duración fue superior a 6 semanas obtuvieron resultados estadísticamente significativos en la calidad de vida de la mujer.

Entrepreneurship is linked to the perception of opportunities, to orientation, to attitudes, to the fear of failure and to entrepreneurial motivations. Entrepreneurial orientation is a fundamental construct for understanding the phenomenon of entrepreneurship. What is more, it is multidimensional and has attracted considerable attention from researchers in recent years. The objective of this study was to adapt the original 12-item English scale to Spanish and to analyze its psychometric properties. The participants in the present study were 925 Spanish employees (48.2% men, 51.5% women, M age = 42.49 years, SD age = 11.25) from the Autonomous Communities of Catalonia and Castilla-León. After applying an ESEM (RMSEA = .06; CFI = .97 and TLI = .95) a structure was determined made up of four factors which corroborated the structure of the original scale: Autonomy (α = .71 and CI = .68 – .73), Innovativeness (α = .70 and CI = .67 – .73), Risk Taking (α = .72 and CI = .68 – .74) and Competitive Aggressiveness (α = .70 and CI = .67 – .73). The four factors displayed suitable reliability. The study also found evidences of validity in relation to a series of external correlates and various scales which refer to workaholism, irritation and burnout. The scale presented here may prove useful for satisfactorily identifying, in Spanish, the entrepreneurial orientation of the working population.

This study follows the theoretical framework put forward by Robichaud on entrepreneurial motivation. The objective was to adapt the original French scale of 17 items into Spanish and to analyze its psychometric properties. The participants in the present study were 981 Spanish employees (46.5 % men and 53.5 % women). After carrying out exploratory factor analyses and ESEM (RMSEA = .06; CFI = .95 and TLI = .95), revealed a structure comprised of three factors: Family security (a =.82), Independence and autonomy (a =.83), and Intrinsic motivations (a =.77). These three factors displayed adequate reliability. We also found evidence of validity with regard to a series of external correlates and various scales that have to do with workaholism, irritation and burnout. The present scale may prove useful for adequately identifying entrepreneurial motivation. Este estudio sigue el marco teórico propuesto por Robichaud sobre motivación emprendedora. El objetivo fue adaptar la escala original francesa de 17 ítems al español y analizar sus propiedades psicométricas. Los participantes del presente estudio fueron 981 empleados españoles (46.5% hombres y 53.5% mujeres). Después de llevar a cabo el análisis factorial exploratorio y el ESEM (RMSEA = .06; CFI = .95 y TLI = .95), se determinó una estructura compuesta de tres factores: Seguridad de la familia (a =.82), Independencia y autonomía (a =.83) y Motivaciones intrínsecas (a =.77). Los tres factores muestran una fiabilidad adecuada. También se encuentran evidencias de validez respecto a una serie de correlatos externos y varias escalas que hacen alusión a la adicción al trabajo, la irritación y el burnout. La presente escala puede resultar adecuada para identificar adecuadamente la motivación emprendedora.

Background Despite of advances in research, at the moment, various points related to the physiology of gestation and the etiology of severe diseases that can be developed in the course of it remain unknown. One of those aspects is the behavior of biomarkers (triglycerides, prolactin, glucose and cholesterol) during pregnancy, which experience a gradual increase in their levels until they reach the peak of hypertriglyceridemia, a few days before delivery. Several studies have reported that biomarkers experience a higher elevation in diabetic and obese pregnant women and in those women who suffer preeclampsia. The description of their behavior in different population of pregnant women (healthy women and women at risk) would identify the relation of these with some of the alterations that occurs more frequently during pregnancy. Objective The aim of this study is to develop a multi-paradigm biological model of systems to determine triglyceride, prolactin, glucose and cholesterol levels during pregnancy and its relation with lactogenesis in healthy and risk pregnant women. Methods A prospective cohort study will take place with women during pregnancy and lactation. Participating women will be divided into two groups. One group will be integrated by healthy women and the other group by pregnant women with a risk medical history. The personal, family and a detailed medical history will be collected in each group. A study of all the variables which influence the level of the mentioned biomarkers (triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose and prolactin) will be done. The universe consists in 4,300 women, who constitute the historical average deliveries during the semester in the city of Granada (Spain). The sample collection will be made in medical office’s pregnancy control in Granada’s hospitals, in their respective health centers and during the second half of 2015. The sample will be stratified and probabilistic. Peculiarities of pregnant women will be taken into account when calculating the size of the study sample. This sample will be made up of 224 women who comply with the inclusion criteria and that have signed the informed consent. To achieve the project objectives an organization comprising six theoretical and practical phases enabling the scientific development of the project. During the first phase, the technical and administrative preparation of the project is constructed. Thereafter, the work is divided into two action areas which encompass the collection and data modeling. The creation of a biological multi-paradigm computer simulation model of the levels of biomarkers in different months of pregnancy and in the various pathologies of pregnant women can be very effective to know the risks that involve high levels of lipids for the mother and for the baby.

The aim of this work was to improve natural anti-predator behaviour of farm-reared gamebirds. We evaluated the anti-predator behaviour of reared red-legged partridge Alectoris rufa chicks kept in brooder houses in large groups (>350 chicks), trained and not trained by parent red-legged partridges acting as experienced tutors. The experiment consisted of two conditioned tests (a raptor model and a human) and two control tests, which were conducted during three consecutive phases of life (1-4, 15-17 and 30-32 d after hatching). The motor anti-predator behaviour, its duration, the intensity of response in chicks and alarm calls elicited by adults were recorded. Tutors elicited aerial alarm calls (76% of tests) and showed prolonged crouching (59% of tests) in response to the raptor model whereas uttering the ground alarm call (73% of tests) and showing vigilance behaviour (78% of tests) was the main pattern during the human test. Trained and not trained chicks showed similar motor behaviour in response to the raptor model (crouching) and the human test (escaping), but frequency of strong responses (all chicks responding) from chicks trained with tutors was double that of chicks trained without them, and chicks trained with tutors showed a higher frequency of long responses (41-60 s). This study indicates that anti-predator training programmes before release may improve behaviour of farm-reared partridges which may confer benefits to survival of birds.

Although the Iberian hare is important to Spanish ecosystems and a valued game species, little is known about the survival and spatial behaviour of the species, which are crucial for correct management decisions. This paper studies the survival, home range, probable causes of mortality and den-site selection for 23 wild Iberian hares Lepus granatensis. We used radio telemetry to monitor hares on arable farmland in north-west Spain where habitat management measures were taken, control of predators was carried out and hunting was not allowed. Survival for the period studied (300 days) was 13% and average home range size (MCP 95%) was 39.6 ha. Probable causes of death included predation by wild canids (52%), disease (13%), roadkills (9%), and unknown (26%) for hares we studied. The red fox Vulpes vulpes was the main predator, whereas no raptor predation was reported. Den-site selection was affected by habitat type and hares showed a high preference for uncultivated land. Home range size tended to de...

This paper explores watering patterns of wild red-legged partridges at water troughs (WT) during three consecutive summers on a farm-land area of Spain where drought periods are frequent. Camera trapping was used in order to assess climatic effects on weekly and daily watering patterns, investigate the influence of shrub cover on water-site selection, evaluate behavioural patterns displayed when using WT, and describe age and number of birds observed at WT. Red-legged partridges used WT throughout the study period, but significant use did not occur until August, decreasing dramatically in mid September, and ending in October. A circadian watering pattern was observed during daylight hours with most photographs taken from 08:00 hours to 11:00 hours (54.8%). Partridges displayed different behaviours (drinking, feeding/dusting, vigilance, moving/unknown), but patterns did not vary significantly throughout the day. WT were used mostly by adult birds with only 26.5% of photographs also depicting young partridges. WT selection was strongly influenced by the presence of surrounding vegetation as partridges preferred troughs with shrub cover. We also found a significant negative relationship (P

This study aimed to evaluate the postrelease survival and spatial distribution of farm-bred red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) that were subject to a prerelease training program based on exemplary behavior and alarm calls given by adults that acted as experienced demonstrators in simulated predator encounters (wooden raptor models and humans). Two groups of partridges were released in this study: trained (intensively reared birds accompanied by tutors) and control (chicks reared without tutors). Releases were conducted in the fall and winter–spring during 2 consecutive years using a total of 44 trained and 40 control radio-tagged partridges. Trained partridges showed statistically higher mean values of survival (72.7 d), home range (13.04 ha), and dispersion (549.58 m) compared with nontrained partridges, with most nontrained birds failing to survive more than 2 wk after release. Trained adult partridges showed the best survival results (105.2 d). Taking all birds into account, causes of death were attributed to terrestrial predators (45%), raptors (18.7%), hunting (11.3%), and unknown causes (25%). Although values of variables reported here were lower than those reported in wild counterparts, survival time and spatial behavior of trained birds were close to that of previous data of parent-reared partridges and higher than that of farm-bred birds. This study aimed to confirm the potential of prerelease training techniques in present-day rearing systems. Farm-bred game birds, which normally suffer from high predation rates after release, could highly benefit from the use of cost-effective training techniques based on learning from experienced adults.

As fostered game birds are better prepared for releasing in comparison to those intensively reared, fostering of wild and game farm red-legged partridges ( Alectoris rufa ) was studied on a semi-natural rearing farm using farm-hatched chicks. Parent pairs, barren pairs and single individuals from wild and game farm strains were used in a total of 208 attempts. Fostering was observed in both strains, but more successful attempts were in wild parent pairs (27 of 29 pairs, 93%) than in the game farm strain (12). In the game farm strain all fostering was done by barren pairs and single individuals; as none of the game farm pairs raised their own chicks it was not possible to test game farm parent pairs. Wild parent pairs also showed a high percentage of fostering at a second attempt one week after the first (25 of 27 pairs, 93%), suggesting that fostering is strongly related to parental care behaviour. A low proportion of barren pairs and singles adopted unrelated chicks (9%), with most of these (12 of 13 attempts) being farm-bred. When fostering was observed, adults displayed behavioural patterns related to parental care (brooding and calling) and spent 35% of time in proximity to chicks, compared to 19% and absence of parental care when fostering was unsuccessful. Successful fostering increased brood size four weeks after hatching by 4.4±2.3 fostered chicks. This study suggests that fostering for releasing purposes is a feasible technique in semi-natural rearing systems. Wild strains of partridges and parent pairs should be chosen as foster parents.

Los filtros identificadores multivariables (MIMO) son sistemas digitales adaptivos que cuentan con retroalimentación para que, de acuerdo a una función objetivo, ajusten su matriz de parámetros con la que se aproximan a la di-námica observable del sistema de referencia. Una forma de que un identificador cumpla con esas condiciones, es la de la lógica difusa por medio de sus mecanismos de in-ferencia que interpretan y seleccionan en una base de co-nocimiento la mejor matriz de parámetros. Estos mecanismos de selección mediante las redes neuronales permiten encontrar la respuesta con el mejor nivel de operación para cada cambio de estado (Shannon, 1948). En este artículo se considera en el modelo MIMO del filtrado digital, el proceso neuronal difuso para la estimación matricial de parámetros adaptiva, que se integra en el filtro de Kalman a través de la matriz de transición. Para ello se utilizó la red neuronal del tipo retropropagación en el mecanismo difuso, interpretando sus variables y sus respectivos niveles, seleccionando los mejores valores para ajustar automáticamente los valores de la matriz de transición. La simulación en Matlab presenta al filtrado digital neuronal difuso dando el seguimiento, observándose un funcional de error decreciente exponencialmente.

espanolResumen: Esta investigacion tiene por objetivo hallar la relacion entre el burnout, el estres laboral, la satisfaccion laboral y el conflicto trabajo-familia en controladores de trafico aereo, como variables diferenciales: edad, sexo, estado civil, permanencia laboral, tipo de contrato y presencia o ausencia de hijos. Esta investigacion es de tipo descriptivo-correlacional de corte transversal. Se aplicaron los Cuestionario: MBI-GS de Burnout, Instrumento de Medicion de detonantes de Estres Laboral para pilotos (IMDELP) y el Cuestionario Conflicto Trabajo-Familia. La muestra fue de 161 personas, mediante muestreo intencionado. Los resultados indican que se obtuvo un nivel moderado de burnout, estres laboral y conflicto trabajo-familia, existiendo diferencias significativas y directamente proporcionales a la hora de analizar las dimensiones del burnout relacionandolas con extension de las jornadas de trabajo y agotamiento, agotamiento y conflicto trabajo-familia, estres laboral y cinismo EnglishAbstract: The purpose of the present study was to identify the relation between burnout syndrome, work stress, work satisfaction and work-family conflict in a sample of air traffic controllers, taking in consideration the following variables: age, sex, civil status, work permanence, contract type and presence or absence of children. In this descriptive-correlational study we used the: MBI-GS of Burnout Questionnaire, detonating questionnaire Instrument of measurement of Work Stress for pilots (IMDELP), and the Work- Family Conflict Questionnaire. The sample was 161 Air Traffic Controllers, through intentional sampling. The results indicate a moderate level of burnout, work-related stress and work-family conflict. There were significant and directly proportional differences when analyzing the dimensions of burnout, relating them to the length of work and exhaustion, exhaustion and conflict work-family, work stress and cynicism

This paper studies the visits of wild fauna, the influence of vegetal cover and fencing at water site election, and consumption tendency in water troughs designed for small game species distributed in an agricultural Mediterranean area during the summers from 2002 to 2005. Red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa), lagomorphs (Oryctolagus cuniculus, Lepus granatensis), and other autochthonous species (birds and wild canids) visited water sources throughout the study. The number of visits by target species was higher than non-game. Lagomorphs preferred protected troughs (with surrounding vegetal cover) while partridges opted for open ones (without cover). Fencing had no effect on the visits of birds and lagomorphs, but it did reduce the visits of wild canids. Harsh climatic conditions determined an increase in water consumption in summer. Before designing a water trough device for this fauna, managers should consider that (1) target and non-target species could try to make use of it, (2) water points should be adapted to target species self protection, (3) fencing can prevent undesirable visitors (particularly predators), and (4) water requirements increase in the harsh moments of the dry season.

Moderate exercise training during the pregnancy benefits both the pregnant woman and the fetus. The research papers consulted have linked physical activity with the reduction of the number of cesareans, instrumental delivery and with a more physiological delivery. It also prevents excessive weight gain in women and decreases the risk of gestational diabetes and high blood pressure.The aim of this research is to know if an exercise program of moderate character with Water Study Exercise Pregnant (SWEP) method, performed in an aquatic environment, contributes to have more favorable results in the perinatal period, both for women and baby.The design is a randomized clinical trial. The sample will consist of 364 pregnant women, with a total universe of 6,579 births occurred in Granada (Spain) during 2014. The sample was divided into two groups, intervention group and control group. The activity will be carried out in the water sporting facilities of the Faculty of Sports Science of the University of Granada, which have two pools suitable for our purposes: a 25-meter polyvalent pool and a 12.5-meter pool for training.The exercise program designed specifically for the project called SWEP is performed from 20 to 37 weeks of gestation (SG), and it consists of three weekly sessions, with duration of 60 minutes each. Sessions will include three phases: warm-up phase, the main phase in which the exercise is divided into an aerobic phase and strength training and endurance training phase and a final phase of stretching and relaxation. The variables that will be studied are: a) Maternal: weight, BMI, blood pressure, O’Sullivan test, postpartum depression, level of self-rated health, sleep quality and perceived exertion during physical activity; b) fetal: weight, Apgar scores, head circumference and GA (Gestational age); c) peripartum: time dilation, expulsion and delivery, type of delivery, episiotomy, type of feed received by the RN and time of exclusive breastfeeding; and d) descriptive: age, occupation, education level, type of exercise done before and OF (obstetric formula).With aquatic moderate physical activity during pregnancy (method SWEP), we intended to improve the variables above.El entrenamiento mediante ejercicio físico moderado durante el periodo de gestación aporta beneficios tanto a la mujer embarazada como al feto. Los trabajos de investigación consultados vinculan la actividad física con una reducción del número de cesáreas, de partos instrumentados y con un parto más fisiológico. Previene igualmente la ganancia excesiva de peso de la mujer, disminuye el riesgo de diabetes gestacional y de hipertensión arterial.El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer si un programa de ejercicio físico de carácter moderado con el método Study Water Exercise Pregnant (SWEP), realizado en un medio acuático, contribuye a obtener unos resultados más favorables en la etapa perinatal, tanto para la mujer como para el bebé.El diseño que se llevará a cabo es un ensayo clínico aleatorizado. La muestra estará constituida por 364 gestantes, obtenida de un universo total de 6.579 partos acontecidos en Granada (España) durante el año 2014. Dicha muestra se ha dividido en dos grupos, uno de intervención y otro de control. La actividad se realizará en las instalaciones deportivas acuáticas de la Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte de la Universidad de Granada, que cuentan con dos vasos adecuados a nuestros objetivos, uno polivalente de 25 metros y otro de enseñanza de 12,5 metros.El programa de ejercicios diseñado específicamente para el proyecto denominado SWEP, abarca desde la 20 hasta la 37 semana de gestación (SG) y consta de tres sesiones semanales, con una duración de 60 minutos cada una. Las sesiones incluirán tres fases: fase de calentamiento, fase principal en la que el ejercicio se divide en una parte aeróbica y otra de ejercicios de fuerza y resistencia y una final con estiramientos y relajación. Las variables que se van a estudiar son las siguientes: a) maternas: peso, IMC, tensión arterial, test de O´Sullivan, aparición de depresión postparto, nivel de autopercepción de salud, calidad del sueño y esfuerzo percibido durante la actividad física; b) fetales: peso, test de Apgar, perímetro cefálico y SG (semana de gestación al nacimiento); c) periparto: tiempos de dilatación, expulsivo y alumbramiento, tipo de parto, presencia de episiotomía, tipo de alimentación que recibe el RN y tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva; y d) descriptivas: edad, profesión, nivel de estudios, tipo de ejercicio físico realizado previamente y FO (fórmula obstétrica).Con la actividad física acuática moderada, por parte de la embarazada (método SWEP), se pretenden mejorar las variables arriba indicadas.

Aiming to produce game birds suitable for re-establishment purposes, we studied the survival and behavior of 31 adult red-legged partridges reared by their natural parents in captivity (parent-reared) and 67 wild red-legs (35 adults and 32 subadults). Birds were radio-tracked and released in a game estate where management targeting small game species was conducted and shooting was not allowed. Survival of parent-reared partridges was shorter (mean 108 d) than wild adults (mean 160 d), though no significant differences were found. Parent-reared birds showed a longer escape reaction (mean 11.7 sec) than wild adults (mean 0.4 sec) and were mainly predated by terrestrial predators (52%), whereas the most important source of predation in wild red-legs was raptors (49%). The home range of parent-reared (mean 23 ha) was not significantly lower than wild adults (mean 27 ha). Nineteen percent of parent-reared and 31.4% of wild adults paired successfully, and we recorded 6 pairs in which one bird was wild and the other parent-reared and one pair in which both birds were parent-reared. A small proportion of red-legs started incubation (parent-reared 12.9%, wild 20%), and the proportion completing incubation was similar among wild and parent-reared birds. Overall, parent-reared red-legs showed similar survival and behavior compared to wild red-legs and better than intensively reared, so parent-reared red-legs should be chosen for the re-establishment of wild populations.

The study of entrepreneurship at all stages of education has been the subject of debate in the international sphere for many years. For some time now the European Union has been recommending its member States to carry out specific actions in order to foster an enterprising spirit among students. Currently some very important documents and recommendations for action are available, and they call on public authorities, business associations, schools, NGOs and other interested parties to promote entrepreneurship in education.

The objective of the present study was to draw up a Spanish ad- aptation for university students of the School Burnout Inventory (SBI) 9- item scale. This entailed a double adaptation, on the one hand from Eng- lish into Spanish and then from secondary school students to university students. The scale was applied to 578 university students (25.7% men; 74.3% women) from different regions in Spain. The findings indicate that the University students-SBI has the same structure as the original version in English for secondary school students. This was confirmed by factor analysis that pointed to the existence of three factors: Exhaustion, Cynicism and Inadequacy. Furthermore, the three subscales showed acceptable reliabil- ity (between .77 and .70) In addition to this, indications of validity were found using eighteen external correlates and seven contrast scales. Finally the SBI-U constitutes a potentially useful instrument for evaluating aca- demic burnout in university students.

The objective of the present study was to draw up a Spanish adaptation for university students of the School Burnout Inventory (SBI) 9-item scale. This entailed a double adaptation, on the one hand from English into Spanish and then from secondary school students to university students. The scale was applied to 578 university students (25.7% men; 74.3% women) from different regions in Spain. The findings indicate that the University students-SBI has the same structure as the original version in English for secondary school students. This was confirmed by factor analysis that pointed to the existence of three factors: Exhaustion, Cynicism and Inadequacy. Furthermore, the three subscales showed acceptable reliability (between .77 and .70) In addition to this, indications of validity were found using eighteen external correlates and seven contrast scales. Finally the SBI-U constitutes a potentially useful instrument for evaluating academic burnout in university students.

Este estudio se enmarca dentro de la propuesta de Mayfield y Mayfield (2008, 2010) sobre las percepciones del entorno creativo. El objetivo fue realizar la adaptación al español de la escala Creative Environment Perceptions de 9 ítems y analizar sus propiedades psicométricas. Los participantes de la presente investigación son 975 empleados españoles (48,5 % hombres y 51,5 % mujeres). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran, después de realizar análisis confirmatorio, una estructura constituida por tres factores: Apoyo a la creatividad, Características del trabajo y Bloqueos a la creatividad. Además, los tres factores obtenidos tienen una fiabilidad adecuada e igualmente se constatan indicios de validez si se toman como referencia algunos correlatos externos y algunas escalas que hacen referencia a la adicción al trabajo, el burnout y el potencial creativo. En suma, la presente escala puede resultar idónea para identificar de manera apropiada el apoyo a la creatividad, las características del trabajo y los bloqueos a la creatividad.

In the context of entrepreneurship, cognitive adaptability is a key competence. Thus, researchers in this field are making an effort to find instruments to measure this ability in a way that allows us to predict success in the context of enterprise creation or intention. We conducted a series of exploratory and confirmatory analyses of the cognitive adaptability scale (MAC), using a sample of Spanish (N = 494), in addition to the reliability and validity analyses. We found that a three-factor solution of the MAC best fit the data. The reliability coefficients of consistency were acceptable. The validity of the MAC was confirmed by its correlation with Need for Cognition (NFC). The NFC measures the degree to which individuals enjoy cognitive activity. The present study suggests that more studies are needed in different contexts that would allow the structure of cognitive adaptability to be validated, improved or modified.

Este articulo examina los guiones (habilidades cognitivas) de los emprendedores exitosos y los compara con los guiones de los empresarios con menos exito, con el fin de aumentar la comprension de los factores que subyacen a la experiencia empresarial. Se propone que el exito (real o percibido) depende del nivel de experiencia en habilidades empresariales. Para este estudio se utilizo una muestra de 104 duenos de negocios. Se adapto una escala para medir los guiones empresariales. Los resultados confirman que los empresarios con alta experiencia mostraron mayores niveles de exito percibido que los empresarios con bajos niveles de experiencia. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias en el crecimiento de participacion. El presente trabajo aumenta las aplicaciones de las capacidades cognitivas como un factor clave para el exito empresarial, y abre la puerta para un programa de entrenamiento cognitivo para el exito empresarial.

This study follows the theoretical framework put forward by Hinton on creative potential and practised creativity. The objective was to adapt the 17-item Creative Potential and Practised Creativity scale into Spanish and examine its psychometric properties.The study sample was made up of 975 Spanish employees (48.5% men and 51.5% women).After performing a confirmatory factor analysis, the findings revealed a three-factor structure: Creative potential, Practised creativity and Perception of organizational support. Furthermore, appropriate reliability was found for all three factors as well as initial evidence of construct validity in relation to certain external correlates and a series of scales measuring workaholism, irritation, burnout and personality.The present scale may prove ideal for adequately identifying Creative potential, Practised creativity and Perceived organizational support.

P. 263-270 The activity of 2 populations of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus, L. 1758), consisting of 14 adults (>9 mo of age) each (4 males and 10 females), was analysed over 2 consecutive years. Rabbits were captured in the wild and kept in 2 separate enclosures of 0.5 ha, with each enclosure divided into 2 zones: a smaller area where warrens were located (breeding area) and a larger area where food and water were provided (feeding area). Seven rabbits in each enclosure were individually tagged with a microchip (2 males and 5 females) and, after installing 2 detection devices, it was possible to identify which of the 2 areas they were located in and record the length of time spent in each. To regulate the size of the breeding population, young rabbits produced in the enclosures were captured and removed regularly. Considering the number of movements between areas and the time spent in the feeding area, a circadian activity pattern was found, reporting 2 maximum activity peaks coinciding with twilight (18.35% of the total movements, 6-8 a.m.) and daybreak (22.95%, 7-10 p.m.) while activity was dramatically decreased during the midday hours (1.86%, 10 a.m.-4 p.m.). Rabbits displayed a seasonal pattern throughout the year, with maximum activity levels during winter (45.76% of the total movements, January-March) and spring (42.91%, April-June), which could be related to higher reproductive activity at this time of the year as a higher breeding output was reported in June and September. The levels of activity exhibited by males (13.44% daily activity rate) were significantly higher than those displayed by females (9.80%). No significant differences were found regarding time spent on the feeding area in relation to season or gender. The average duration of each foray to the feeding area was higher during the summer, higher for females than males and higher during the middle of the night than the rest of the day. SI

The objective of this study was to verify the factor validity and structure of the “Irritation Scale” in a sample of 578 Spanish university students. At the same time, the study aimed to verify the criterion-related validity of the scale, analyzing the results obtained through correlation with other variables, such as general self-efficacy, self-regulation, depression, and certain personality dimensions. The results obtained through the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling approach (ESEM) using Mplus confirmed the presence of two factors in the Irritation Scale, as observed in other international studies within a workplace setting. The significant correlations obtained between the Irritation Scale and the variables considered in the study confirmed the construct validity and verified that irritation is significantly and positively associated with depression and academic burnout, and is negatively associated with general self-efficacy and self-regulation.

La ascitis posterior a un trasplante renal es poco común y generalmente es causada por complicaciones en la técnica quirúrgica. Presentamos el caso de un niño de 5 años de edad con diagnóstico de glomerulonefritis crónica que recibió un trasplante renal de donador vivo relacionado con función adecuada del injerto durante las primeras horas de evolución; 72 horas después de la cirugía, desarrolló ascitis con un gradiente albúmina sérica-ascitis de 0.92 g/ dL. Debido a esto fue necesaria la exploración quirúrgica durante la cual se encontró ascitis en gran cantidad en la cavidad peritoneal con infiltración de líquido entre la cápsula y la superficie del parénquima del riñón nativo; se practicó nefrectomía de este riñón. En el examen histopatológico se observó dilatación acentuada de los vasos linfáticos. La evolución postquirúrgica del paciente fue satisfactoria. La ascitis quilosa se debe al drenaje de linfa hacia la cavidad peritoneal. En la literatura encontramos algunos casos de ascitis de origen linfático después de un trasplante renal. De acuerdo con los hallazgos descritos consideramos que en nuestro caso la ascitis se debió a trasudado de linfa desde la cápsula del riñón nativo, secundario a obstrucción de los vasos linfáticos por manipulación aórtica excesiva durante la cirugía. En pacientes pediátricos sometidos a trasplante renal intraperitoneal que desarrollan ascitis el origen linfático de ésta debe ser considerado.

Although animal welfare has become an important premise in poultry, little attention has been paid to the effects of present-day rearing methods on the welfare of game birds, species released for hunting and re-establishment purposes. This work studied the effect of pairing methods on the welfare of the Red-Legged partridge kept in laying cages (4,500 cm2), a commonly hunted game species in Western Europe. Agonistic behavior and possible injuries caused by aggression were studied during the pairing and laying period in 2 types of couples: the forced type (n = 24), 1 male and 1 female randomly chosen and placed in the same cage, and the free type (n = 24), where the female had the opportunity to chose between 4 males, using the time spent by the female near each male as female choice parameter. Welfare of partridges was affected by pairing system, as aggressive behavior, divorces and injuries were observed in a higher rate in forced pairs (25% of pairs did not finish the productive cycle) than in free pairs (16.6%). In addition, more females were attacked in forced pairs, whereas in free pairs, the number of attacked males and mutual aggression was increased. Males tended to display more aggressive behavior than females, pecking mainly on the head and back of females. Although injuries were observed in a minor rate in free pairs, a higher mortality was reported in females compared with males from both free and forced pairs (6 females died in total). The poor welfare in a high percentage of laying pairs hampers the development of sustainable rearing methods for the species. Thus, farmers should consider avoiding forced pairing.

P. 49-56 Despite the importance of rearing wild lagomorphs in captivity for hunting and predator conservation in Spain, little is known about this production sector. Taking official data into account, in this work the number and distribution of farms in Spain and the possible number of animals produced were analysed during the period 2005-2010. In 2010, 114 wild rabbit farms were widely distributed throughout the country (especially Cataluña, Galicia, Andalucía and Castilla La Mancha regions), while 21 hare farms were registered, the majority in Extremadura, Castilla La Mancha and Andalucía. A possible production figure of 225 000-265 000 rabbits and 1 034 hares was estimated in 2010. Game farms of wild lagomorphs are established in Spain and placement would be related to a high demand for hunting and predator conservation in certain regions. Although more research is needed, the number of animals produced would be an important part of the total animals released to the wild. SI

In this article, we study the psychometric properties of a short scale (TRANS-18) which was designed to detect safe behaviors (personal and vehicle-related) and psychophysiological disorders. 244 drivers participated in the study, including drivers of freight transport vehicles (regular, dangerous and special), cranes, and passenger transport (regular transport and chartered coaches), ambulances and taxis. After carrying out an exploratory factor analysis of the scale, the findings show a structure comprised of three factors related to psychophysiological disorders, and to both personal and vehicle-related safety behaviors. Furthermore, these three factors had adequate reliability and all three also showed validity with regard to burnout, fatigue and job tension. In short, this scale may be ideally suited for adequately identifying the safety behaviors and safety problems of transport drivers. Future research could use the TRANS-18 as a screening tool in combination with other instruments.

1. The effects of predation isolation were studied in two lines of 10 month-old farmed red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa). Birds came from bred generations in captivity (F) and directly from wild parents (W). 2. Releases were carried out in March for two consecutive years on private farmland with a stable population of wild red-legged partridge using 68 tagged birds (36 F, 32 W). 3. No statistical differences were found in survival time (mean 18 d) or home range values (mean 7·38 ha); 49% of mortality was attributable to raptors, 36% to wild canids and 15% had doubtful causes of death. F birds suffered more predation by raptors and W partridges more by mammalian carnivores. 4. A statistical difference was found in post-release dispersion: the means were 243·4 m in F and 593·3 m in W. 5. The result of predation isolation was similar in both groups, which confirms the adverse effects of current production systems on anti-predator behaviour. Farmers should consider the introduction of new rearing techniques with the aim of improving survival after release.

Differential GPS (DGPS) is the system used for improving accuracy in GPS position and velocity estimation. Measurements can be obtained in real time with a high level of accuracy. We present a modified Kalman filter for DGPS to enhance the estimation of the position and velocity. The realized algorithm in DGPS system can be implemented by low cost commercial C/A code GPS modules. The Kalman filter used reduces the anti-common errors between the users and reference station. Two variants of the filters have been investigated. The experimental testing of the performance of DGPS with Kalman filtering has been realized and discussed in the paper. The investigated procedures of Kalman filtering could be used for better positioning in the applications.