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Caprimulgus affinis Horsfield, 1821 1821 Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13: 142. Now Caprimulgus affinis Horsfield, 1821. Syntype: MHNG 129.038, adult female, collected in Java between 1811 and 1817 by T. Horsfield. Comment: The NHM holds a syntype in “very bad condition” (Warren, 1966: 4)., Published as part of Cibois, Alice, Vallotton, Laurent, Othman, Nagwa, Weber, Claude & Ruedi, Manuel, 2016, Type specimens of birds in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Geneva, pp. 269-282 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (2) on page 270, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.155300, {"references":["Horsfield T. 1821. A systematic arrangement and description of birds from the island of Java. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13: 133 - 200.","Warren R. L. M. 1966. Type-specimens of birds in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 1. Non-passerines. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London."]}

Cibois, Alice, Vallotton, Laurent, Othman, Nagwa, Weber, Claude, Ruedi, Manuel (2016): Type specimens of birds in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Geneva. Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (2): 269-282, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.155300

La publicación de numerosos artículos y trabajos relacionados a caprimúlgidos que mencionan novedades acerca de su nidifcación (Krauczuk 2000, 2013, Pautasso & Cazenave 2002, Bodrati & Baigorria 2013, Salvador & Bodrati 2013, Salvador et al. 2014, Schaaf et al. 2015), alimentación (Bodrati & Cockle 2012, Bodrati & Salvador 2015), depredación (Fariña et al. 2014), hábitos (Mazar Barnett et al. 1998, Bodrati & Cockle 2012, Salvador & Bodrati 2013), nuevas localidades (Jaramillo 2000, Imberti 2001, Bodrati 2004, Bodrati & Klavins 2004, Marateo et al. 2009, Bodrati & Cockle 2012, Krauczuk 2013) e incluso especies nuevas para el país (Krauczuk 2000, Bodrati & Areta 2010), demuestra que aun falta mucho por conocer sobre este grupo en la Argentina. Aportamos información obtenida durante noviembre de 2011 sobre nuevas localidades, nidificación y dieta de tres especies de caprimúlgidos en la provincia de Salta, Argentina., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet"

HYDROPSALIS RUFICERVIX (P.L. SCLATER, 1866) Definition Previously Caprimulgus longirostris ruficervix. It is elevated to full species status. It is the sister species of H. roraimae. Together the two species form a clade that is sister to H. longirostris. Diagnosis Intermediate in size and body shape to H. longirostris and H. roraimae. Its plumage is most similar to H. roraimae, but is slightly lighter and is more distinctly cinnamon coloured, with white spots. Comments See previous section on H. roraimae., Published as part of Sigurðsson, Snorri & Cracraft, Joel, 2014, Deciphering the diversity and history of New World nightjars (Aves: Caprimulgidae) using molecular phylogenetics, pp. 506-545 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170 (3) on page 542, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12109, http://zenodo.org/record/5346424

HYDROPSALIS HETERURUS (TODD, 1915) Definition Previously Caprimulgus parvulus heterurus. It is elevated to full species status and is the sister species of Hydropsalis parvulus (formerly C. p. parvulus). Diagnosis Small, brownish-grey, with broad buff neck collar and a white throat patch. White tips on outermost primaries and tail feathers. Very similar to H. parvulus, but more extensive white markings near the tips of the feathers. There is 5% divergence in ND2 sequences between H. heterurus and H. parvulus. Comments Genetic evidence in this study supports splitting H. parvulus into two phylogenetic species along subspecies lines (Fig. 7). This is congruent with the taxonomic modifications of Cleere (2010), based on observations on the morphology and vocalizations of the two taxa. Both species are placed in the genus Hydropsalis, as discussed earlier., Published as part of Sigurðsson, Snorri & Cracraft, Joel, 2014, Deciphering the diversity and history of New World nightjars (Aves: Caprimulgidae) using molecular phylogenetics, pp. 506-545 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170 (3) on page 542, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12109, http://zenodo.org/record/5346424, {"references":["Cleere N. 2010. Nightjars, potoos, frogmouths, oilbirds and owlet-nightjars of the world. Old Basing, UK: WILDGuides Ltd., Parr House."]}

NYCTIDROMUS DERBYANUS GOULD, 1838 Definition Previously Nyctidromus albicollis derbyanus. It is elevated to full species status and is the sister species of N. albicollis. Diagnosis Noticeably larger than both N. albicollis and N. merrilli. Back, crown, outer primaries and secondaries are distinctly reddish in colour. Not as dark in colour as N. albicollis. Comments Genetic evidence in this study is consistent with N. albicollis being split into three phylogenetic species (Fig. 6). Members of the nominate subspecies remain as N. albicollis, whereas N. a. derbyanus is elevated to full phylospecies status under the name N. derbyanus. Some individuals identified as N. a. albicollis may also belong to this phylospecies, particularly south of the Amazon River (see details in Discussion). The remaining four subspecies, N. a. insularis, N. a. intercedens, N. a. merrilli, and N. a. yucatanensis, can be united as a phylogenetic species: N. merrilli (see below)., Published as part of Sigurðsson, Snorri & Cracraft, Joel, 2014, Deciphering the diversity and history of New World nightjars (Aves: Caprimulgidae) using molecular phylogenetics, pp. 506-545 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170 (3) on page 541, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12109, http://zenodo.org/record/5346424

NYCTIPROGNE VIELLIARDI (LENCIONI- NETO, 1994) Definition Previously Chordeiles vielliardi. It is moved from Chordeiles into Nyctiprogne. It is the sister species of N. leucopyga Spix, 1825. Diagnosis Similar to N. leucopyga, but lacks white tail markings. Very few specimens are known, hence the information on morphology is scarce. Comments Genetic evidence in this study shows that C. vielliardi is not related to other species in Chordeiles, but belongs in Nyctiprogne (Fig. 6), as suggested by Cleere & Nurney (1998)., Published as part of Sigurðsson, Snorri & Cracraft, Joel, 2014, Deciphering the diversity and history of New World nightjars (Aves: Caprimulgidae) using molecular phylogenetics, pp. 506-545 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170 (3) on page 541, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12109, http://zenodo.org/record/5346424, {"references":["Cleere N, Nurney D. 1998. Nightjars: a guide to nightjars and related nightbirds. East Sussex, UK: Pica Press."]}

NYCTIPROGNE LATIFASCIA FRIEDMANN, 1945 Definition Previously Nyctiprogne leucopyga latifascia. It is elevated to full species status and is the sister species of a clade that contains N. leucopyga and N. vielliardi. Diagnosis Similar to N. leucopyga and N. vielliardi, but noticeably larger and with much darker, more blackish plumage. There is evidence for distinct vocalizations (Friedmann, 1945; Naka, 2012). There is over 8% divergence in ND2 sequences and 7% divergence in CYTB between N. latifascia and N. leucopyga, as well as 0.7% divergence in the ACO1 I9 sequences. Comments Genetic evidence in this study shows that N. leucopyga is non-monophyletic because some subspecies are more closely related to N. vielliardi than to N. leucopyga latifascia (Fig. 6). This, along with morphological characters and observations on the vocalizations, supports recognizing two phylogenetic species: N. latifascia and N. leucopyga (Fig 8)., Published as part of Sigurðsson, Snorri & Cracraft, Joel, 2014, Deciphering the diversity and history of New World nightjars (Aves: Caprimulgidae) using molecular phylogenetics, pp. 506-545 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170 (3) on page 541, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12109, http://zenodo.org/record/5346424, {"references":["Friedmann H. 1945. The genus Nyctiprocne. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 58: 117 - 120.","Naka L. 2012. Personal communication."]}

HYDROPSALIS DECUSSATUS (TSCHUDI, 1844) Definition Previously Caprimulgus longirostris decussatus. It is elevated to full species status. Its phylogenetic position within Hydropsalis is not completely resolved in this study. It is part of a four-way polytomy that includes the following clades: (1) H. decussatus; (2) H. lyra and H. segmentata; (3) H. parvulus and H. heterurus; and (4) H. longirostris, H. roraimae, H. ruficervix, H. anomalus, H. candicans, H. maculicaudus, H. forcipata, H. albicauda, H. cayennensis, H. climacocerca, and H. torquata. Diagnosis Small, cryptically coloured nightjar with a slender long bill. It is morphologically similar to H. l. atripunctatus in plumage and body shape, but much smaller in size. Territorial calls are also different (Cleere, 2010). Comments Genetic evidence strongly supports H. decussatus being an independent diagnosable species (Fig. 7). Although formerly a subspecies of H. (Caprimulgus) longirostris, the phylogenetic results show that it is distant from H. longirostris, despite some morphological similarities., Published as part of Sigurðsson, Snorri & Cracraft, Joel, 2014, Deciphering the diversity and history of New World nightjars (Aves: Caprimulgidae) using molecular phylogenetics, pp. 506-545 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170 (3) on page 542, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12109, http://zenodo.org/record/5346424, {"references":["Cleere N. 2010. Nightjars, potoos, frogmouths, oilbirds and owlet-nightjars of the world. Old Basing, UK: WILDGuides Ltd., Parr House."]}

CHORDEILES SWAINSON, 1832 Type species Chordeiles minor (J.R. Forster, 1771). Definition The clade containing C. minor and all species that share a more recent common ancestor with C. minor than with Podager nacunda, Podager pusillus, or any species in the genera Antrostomus, Caprimulgus, Eurostopodus, Gactornis, Hydropsalis, Lyncornis, Macrodipteryx, Nyctidromus, Nyctiphrynus, Nyctiprogne, Phalaenoptilus, Siphonorhis, or Veles. Included species Chordeiles acutipennis (Hermann, 1783), Chordeiles gundlachii (Lawrence, 1856), Chordeiles minor (J.R. Forster, 1771), Chordeiles rupestris (Spix, 1825), and Chordeiles texensis (Lawrence, 1856). Comments Genetic and morphological evidence supports the elevation of C. a. texensis to full phylogenetic species status (see below). Chordeiles pusillus is moved to Podager and C. vielliardi is moved to Nyctiprogne., Published as part of Sigurðsson, Snorri & Cracraft, Joel, 2014, Deciphering the diversity and history of New World nightjars (Aves: Caprimulgidae) using molecular phylogenetics, pp. 506-545 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170 (3) on pages 537-539, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12109, http://zenodo.org/record/5346424

Prey are typically assumed to avoid their predators. However, habitat selection patterns of prey might depend upon their ability to use particular landscape elements to manage their escape options from predator encounters. During two breeding seasons, I studied habitat use and behaviour of red-necked nightjars (Caprimulgus ruficollis) foraging under the risk of predation by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in southwestern Spain. Nightjars exhibited nearly invariable foraging site choice and body positioning behaviour based on the architecture of vegetation near foraging sites. Nightjars actively chose to sit 120 cm-tall shrubs or trees while facing away from vegetation cover. Vegetation behind nightjars significantly increased their aerial escape opportunities from terrestrial attacks during their peak activity period, when nightjars reveal visible feather bands during their foraging sallies from the ground and their cryptic colouration may not always match the background. Spatial overlap of nightjars and foxes along roads suggests that microhabitat selection by these birds may in part depend on the chance of escape from predator encounters rather than on the probability of encountering predators. I conclude that the interplay between high escape efficiency and visibility have probably contributed to the evolution of foraging site selection by caprimulgids using bare grounds and cattle, horse and camel trails as the natural counterpart of roads.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:19:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1999-11. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:27:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0034-71081999000400005.pdf: 20524 bytes, checksum: 29e43326d0bafce958a6711857283e2f (MD5) Descrevemos a adaptação oportunista de seis caprimulgídeos neotropicais aos hábitats induzidos pelo homem. Os ambientes criados por essas mudanças e semelhantes aos orginais são prontamente ocupados por esses caprimulgídeos. A invasão de ambientes urbanos (urbanizados) é a mais recente e mais extraordinária adaptação comportamental. We describe the opportunistic adaptation to man-induced changes in the habitats of six neotropical Caprimulgidae. Habitats created by those changes, and similar to their original and usual ones, are readily occupied by these nightjars. The occasional invasion of urban environments (urbanization) is the most recent and most remarkable behavioural adaptation. Galgenberglaan Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Zoologia

In the tradition of previous studies of threatened species, this thesis was undertaken with the aim of improving our understanding of the ecology of the White-winged Nightjar Caprimulgus candicans, and providing the information necessary to facilitate conservation efforts on its behalf. In 1998–2001, I studied a population of White-winged Nightjars at Aguará Ñu, an area of cerrado habitats within the Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú, eastern Paraguay. Over the course of three fieldwork seasons, I captured and ringed a total of 49 nightjars (34 adults and 15 young birds). Young females first bred at approximately one year old, while still in pre-definitive plumage. Young males exhibited a form of delayed plumage maturation, whereby they only attained definitive plumage following a prolonged moult spanning much of their first potential breeding season. No evidence was obtained to suggest that they succeeded in breeding while in this conspicuously intermediate state of moult. Considerable variation was noted in the plumage whiteness of definitive males, but no clear evidence was found for consistent age-related increases in white. During the breeding season, males defended small aggregated display territories, at which they conducted nuptial display flights between late August and early January. Female nightjars were responsible for all the parental care, and apparently visited male display arenas solely to obtain copulations. Chick paternity data confirmed that the study population was polygynous, with patterns of male aggregation suggestive of an exploded lek or ‘landmark’ mating system. Radio-telemetry studies showed that nightjars utilised home ranges of at least 20 to 40 hectares during the eight to ten months for which they were monitored. Home ranges contained a disproportionately large amount of young campo cerrado vegetation, but no forest or old campo cerrado habitats. When selecting foraging sites within their ranges, nightjars preferred younger and avoided older campo cerrado vegetation; wet grassland was utilised roughly in proportion to its availability. Observed patterns of habitat selection were potentially explained by the greater abundance of insect prey in younger habitats. When selecting daytime roost sites, nightjars preferred vegetation of intermediate age, reflecting their need for a balance between cover and ease of access. A more general analysis of patterns of sexual dimorphism within the Caprimulgidae showed that, although almost 80% of nightjar species exhibit some dimorphism of plumage whiteness, the study species was by far the most extreme case. The striking plumage of the male was partly explained by a strong positive relationship between wing white and openness of breeding habitats within the family. However, this failed to explain the complete absence of white in the female plumage, or the extent of white dimorphism shown by the species. The most likely explanation would appear to be that extreme plumage dimorphism occurred in conjunction with the evolution of polygyny and female-only care in this open-country species. The implications of these findings for the conservation of the White-winged Nightjar are highlighted, and recommendations are proposed for future work and conservation action., This work was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [studentship number: 98A1S04126].

Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T14:52:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000208354200011.pdf: 2388495 bytes, checksum: c5dda54c3ea5fe707e693d37f1c4542b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:23:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000208354200011.pdf: 2388495 bytes, checksum: c5dda54c3ea5fe707e693d37f1c4542b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:34:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000208354200011.pdf: 2388495 bytes, checksum: c5dda54c3ea5fe707e693d37f1c4542b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:34:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000208354200011.pdf: 2388495 bytes, checksum: c5dda54c3ea5fe707e693d37f1c4542b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-01 Tucurui Dam Eletronorte Univ Estadual Paulista, Programa Posgrad Zool, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Trop Ecol Assessment & Monitoring Network TEAM, BR-69060001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Programa Posgrad Zool, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

Using available records, unpublished information retrieved from the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC) and published reports, a checklist of the recorded helminth parasites of endangered vertebrates from Brazil was generated. A total of 772 records and 186 helminth species (6 Acanthocephala, 83 Nematoda, 23 Cestoda, 64 Trematoda, 10 Monogenea) in 76 host species (7 Actinopterygii, 8 Chondrichthyes, 1 Amphibia, 10 Reptilia, 22 Aves, 28 Mammalia) from Brazil were listed in the present work, including 39 undetermined helminth species and 10 new host records. This is the first compilation of the helminth parasites of threatened vertebrates in Brazil and in the Neotropics.

Family Caprimulgidae Eleothreptus candicans (Pelzeln, 1867) (IUCN: EN, Biodiversitas: EN) Subulura suctoria, Published as part of Muniz-Pereira, Luís C., Vieira, Fabiano M. & Luque, José L., 2009, Checklist of helminth parasites of threatened vertebrate species from Brazil, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 2123 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188170

Recopilación de observaciones ecología general y anidamiento de una subespecie de Chotacabras cuellirrojo (Caprimulgus ruficollis ruficollis) realizadas durante numerosas salidas de campo a diferentes enclaves de la provincia de Valladolid, entre el 14 de julio de 1943 y el 24 de septiembre de 1951., Compilation of general ecology and nesting observations of a subspecies of the Red-necked Nightjar (Caprimulgus ruficollis ruficollis) achieved through several field trips to different habitats of the province of Valladolid, between the 14th of July of 1943 and the 24th of September of 1951.

Recopilación de observaciones sobre el Chotacabras (Caprimulgus sp., creyendo el autor que se trata del Caprimulgus europaeus) realizadas durante numerosas salidas de campo a diferentes lugares de las provincias de Valladolid y Burgos, entre el 19 de agosto de 1948 y el 6 de agosto de 1952., Compilation of observatios of the Nightjar (Caprimulgus sp., although the author believes that must be Caprimulgus europaeus) obtained through many field trips to different habitats of the provinces of Valladolid and Burgos, between the 19th of August of 1948 and the 6th of August of 1952.

Recopilación de observaciones y datos morfométricos y de anidamiento del Chotacabras europeo (Caprimulgus europaeus), de una salida de campo a Las Cortas de Blas (Valladolid), el 16 de agosto de 1951., Compilation of observations and morphometric and nesting data of the European Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) achieved in a field trip to Las Cortas de Blas (Valladolid), the 16th of August of 1951.

Recopilación de observaciones sobre el Chotacabras (Caprimulgus sp., creyendo el autor que se trata del Caprimulgus europaeus) realizadas durante numerosas salidas de campo a diferentes lugares de las provincias de Valladolid y Burgos, entre el 19 de agosto de 1948 y el 6 de agosto de 1952. Compilation of observatios of the Nightjar (Caprimulgus sp., although the author believes that must be Caprimulgus europaeus) obtained through many field trips to different habitats of the provinces of Valladolid and Burgos, between the 19th of August of 1948 and the 6th of August of 1952.

Recopilación de observaciones sobre la ecología general y anidamiento de una subsespecie de Chotacabras europeo (Caprimulgus europaeus europaeus) realizadas durante diferentes salidas de campo a varios enclaves de la provincia de Valladolid, entre el 12 de junio de 1942 y el 14 de septiembre de 1949., Compilation of general ecology and nesting observations of a subspecies of the European Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus europaeus) achieved through many field trips to different places of the province of Valladolid, between the 12th of June of 1942 and the 14th of September of 1949.

We describe the opportunistic adaptation to man-induced changes in the habitats of six neotropical Caprimulgidae. Habitats created by those changes, and similar to their original and usual ones, are readily occupied by these nightjars. The occasional invasion of urban environments ("urbanization") is the most recent and most remarkable behavioural adaptation. Descrevemos a adaptação oportunista de seis caprimulgídeos neotropicais aos hábitats induzidos pelo homem. Os ambientes criados por essas mudanças e semelhantes aos orginais são prontamente ocupados por esses caprimulgídeos. A invasão de ambientes urbanos ("urbanizados") é a mais recente e mais extraordinária adaptação comportamental.