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Breast cancer afflicts more than one million women in the world each year. It is the second leading cause of death in cancer patients globally. It is the second most prevailing cancer following lungs cancer. Wavelet transformation and wavelet mathematical functions have proved extremely useful for processing digital signals and digital images in last few decades. In this research, breast cancer digital mammograms are processed through wavelet transforms for extracting useful features which can then be used to train classifier. This work shows that processing digital mammograms with the aid of multilevel wavelet transformation yields much better performance and can help radiologists identify and classify breast cancer with better accuracy.

Optical information security is one of the most important research directions in information science and technology, especially in the copyright protection, confidential information transmission/storage and military remote sensing. Since double random phase encoding technology (DRPE) was proposed, optical image encryption technology has become the main topic of optical information security and it has been developed and studied deeply. Much significant research and investigation on optical image encryption have been presented based on DRPE or further optical operation, such as digital holography, and Fresnel transform, gyrator transform. In this paper, the optical encryption system for gray image and color image is reviewed.

International audience; Photovoltaic (PV) modules are given a power rating at standard test conditions (STC) of 1000 W/m2 , AM1.5, and a module temperature of 25∘C. However, these conditions do not represent what is typically experienced under outdoor operation. PV technologies have different seasonal output behavior under real operating conditions due to variations of irradiance and different temperature coefficients of voltage and current that do influence on energy output. Solar photovoltaic resources can be modeled probabilistically, and a probability density function of the solar generation can be estimated. In this paper, we applied the Weibull analysis for energy output estimation to a small-scale photovoltaic power generator in real conditions and undergoing environmental stresses for a specific location. We studied two types of modules: crystalline silicon (c–Si) and amorphous silicon (a–Si) in real outdoor conditions. We measured and calculated monthly and annual power output and compared each system performance.

International audience; Over the last decades, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) boards have seen their use widely spread in different research topics. This can be explained by their low power consumption, their ability of enhancing the performances, and the several functions that can be included in those circuits. One major function delivered by FPGA boards is to be reconfigurable which helps during the development and validation stages, since it is always possible to correct just the program and to reload it in the circuit. Using these advantages and functions was the main idea of our work. In this paper, we will show how to design and to implement a Pseudorandom-Key-Generator that can be used to secure a socket-based communication. The proposed key-generator, created by solving the Lorenz chaos-system, has the main task of delivering at each opened channel a new 32-bit key that is used for encrypting/decrypting data. The proposed approach is implemented and tested using Xilinx Zync702 Boards.

Currently, with the explosive growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and systems, an increasing number of practical applications can be found in many fields including industry, asset tracking, agriculture, smart metering, smart city and building. IoT sensors based on Low-Power Wide-Area (LPWA) Network technologies appears suitable for the deployment of instruments and sensors on a traditional telecom tower to develop additional services for tower Company allowing a better monitoring of its facilities, energy consumption and various equipment supervision. As many telecom sites are close to cities, they can also contribute to develop services for the future smart city and building needs. However, this feasibility must be performed in a real use of Telecom Tower conditions, such as frequency interference. In this paper, we propose a method to equip a telecom tower considering the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) protocol in order to gather data from IoT sensors networks that are deployed in the surrounding buildings. We show that the use of the top of telecom tower allows a large private LoRaWAN network covering up to 32 km with only one gateway. Data from different sensors are retrieved directly on local computers and on Cloud applications for further processing. Dashboards are then realized from IoT platforms for monitoring and energy management of telecom towers which can be extended to the buildings smart supervision and control.

In this work, a multiband frequency reconfigurable Dielectric Resonator Antenna for different wireless protocols has been discussed. The overall design consists of Dielectric Resonator (DR) placed on Fr4 substrate. The resonator is excited by CPW (coplanar waveguide). The feedline, ground and radiator are positioned on the same surface. The overall design is low profile because of the reduced height of the DR. The DR has relative permittivity $\left(\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}\right)$ of 15. The dual band design is reconfigured to other four bands with the help of two switching configurations. The resonant frequencies are reconfigured between 1.2 GHz to 6.5 GHz. The substrate FR4 has a thickness of 1.6mm and 0.002 tangent loss. The ground plane has the dimensions of 50×45 mm2. The DR has an height of 2mm. Two ideal switches SI and S2 are placed on the two sides of the feedline. The combination of these two ideal RF PIN diodes is used to obtain three switching arrangements. A fourth possible arrangement is excluded as it disconnects the DRA from the feedline. The switching arrangements are ON-ON, ON-OFF and OFF-ON. In ON-ON state, the two achieved resonance frequencies are 4.27 GHz (WBAN) and 5.64 GHz (WLAN). In ON-OFF state the obtained resonance frequencies are 2.1 GHz (LTE) and 5.47 GHz (WLAN). For ON-OFF state, the two resonance frequencies are 2.16 GHz (LTE) and 5.73 GHz (WLAN). The simulated values for all the switching configuration confirm the potential of the prototype for use in the targeted wireless protocols.

We numerically demonstrate that the optical image scheme using fractional Fourier transform and DNA sequence operation proposed recently by Farah et al. [Opt & Lasers Tech, 2020, 121: 105777] has the problem of using DNA xor operation and optical implementation. The original image cannot be decrypted completely accordingly to the inverse encryption process.

Micro-wind turbine are now specially designed for rural or urban environment and one of the main advantages of such turbine is that it can be propelled by a wind speed as low as 3 m/s. However, due to terrain roughness in urban environments wind flow is reduced compared to open spaces reducing power output and increasing payback time on capital investment. Well mounting turbines in urban areas may provide the perfect opportunity for onsite generation from wind power. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a micro-wind turbine in a complex urban area and show that due to long time period and very subtile onsite measurements the ideal position for the wind turbine can be determined. Well measured data, wind speed, power output at this particular location are approximated by the Weibull function. The considered model is tested and validated at an urban landscape location in Metz City, France, where an anemometry is positioned at adjacent to the turbine and the instrumentation is positioned specific to its surrounding location and, record wind turbine data thanks to real time wireless communications. Technical data including wind speed and output power were analyzed and reported allowing to provide an reliable estimation of the wind energy potential in an urban location.

To isolate the brain from non-brain tissues using a fully automatic method may be affected by the presence of radio frequency non-homogeneity of MR images (MRI), regional anatomy, MR sequences, and the subjects of the study. In order to automate the brain tumor (Glioblastoma) detection, we proposed a novel approach of skull stripping for axial slices derived from MRI. Then, the brain tumor was detected using multi-level threshold segmentation based on histogram analysis. Skull-stripping method, was applied by adaptive morphological operations approach. This is considered an empirical threshold by calculation of the area of brain tissue, iteratively. It was employed on the registration of non-contrast T1-weighted (T1-WI) and its corresponding fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence. Then, we used multi-thresholding segmentation (MTS) method which is proposed by Otsu. We calculated the performance metrics based on the similarity coefficients for patients (n = 120) with tumor. The adaptive algorithm of skull stripping and MTS of segmented tumors were achieved efficient in preliminary results with 92 and 80 % of Dice similarity coefficient and 0.3 and 25.8 % of false negative rate, respectively. The adaptive skull stripping algorithm provides robust skull-stripping results, and the tumor area for medical diagnosis was determined by MTS.

In this paper, a novel experimental chaotic synchronization technique via analog transmission is discussed. We demonstrate through Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation design the robust synchronization of two embedded hyperchaotic Lorenz generators interconnected with an analog transmission line. The basic idea of this work consists in combining a numerical generation of chaos and transmitting it with an analog signal. The numerical chaos allows to overcome the callback parameter mismatch problem and the analog transmission offers robust data security. As application, this technique can be applied to all families of chaotic systems including time-delayed chaotic systems.

International audience; A single channel optical asymmetric cryptosystem for color image in fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) domain is presented. Instead of commonly used RGB channels encryption system, the color image is encoded into grayscale format and encrypted in a single optical channel system. For the design of asymmetric approach, the effective trapdoor one-way function is calculated by employing equal modulus decomposition (EMD). To enhance the security of the proposed cryptosystem, the Ushiki chaotic system is performed to generate the random phase mask in FrFT and a random sequence for scrambling the private key. The sensitive initial values and chaotic data can be regarded as the additional keys and public key. Various numerical experiments are given to verify the validity and capability of the proposed color cryptosystem.

In this paper, a selection algorithm performances of hyperchaotic spreading sequences applied in downlink Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) systems is analyzed. Firstly, the principle scheme and the hardware architecture description of a hyperchotic spreading code generator are presented. The generator permits to generate simultaneously an infinite number of multi-length spreading codes with good statistical properties, no repetition and high degree of security. Secondly, an algorithm for selecting the high- efficient hyperchaotic spreading sequences for DS-CDMA based on the balance and correlation properties is proposed. Finally, performances of DS-CDMA system based on the selected hyperchaotic spreading sequences are compared to that of classical codes under AWGN and time-invariant multipath channels. The obtained simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed spreading sequences generator.

In spite of numerous advantages of biometrics-based personal authentication systems over traditional security systems based on token or knowledge, they are vulnerable to attacks that can decrease their security considerably. In this paper, we propose a new hardware solution to protect biometric templates such as fingerprint. The proposed scheme is based on chaotic N × N grid multi-scroll system and it is implemented on Xilinx FPGA. The hardware implementation is achieved by applying numerical solution methods in our study, we use EM (Euler Method). Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed scheme allows a low cost image encryption for embedded systems while still providing a good trade-off between performance and hardware resources. Indeed, security analysis performed to the our scheme, is strong against known different attacks, such as: brute force, statistical, differential, and entropy. Therefore, the proposed chaos-based multiscroll encryption algorithm is suitable for use in securing embedded biometric systems.

In this work a wideband frequency reconfigurable Dielectric Resonator antenna (DRA) for WIMAXlWLAN and WBAN applications has been communicated. The reconfigurable antenna comprises of Coplanar Waveguide where ground plane and feedline are on the same surface. The DRA has been reduced to inverted U-shape for the sake of size miniaturization. The proposed design has the potential to reconfigure the frequencies at four different wide bands. The frequencies are tuned between 3.23 GHz to 6.32 GHz. The DRA has a dielectric constant (er) of 10 and is positioned on the ground plane with substrate of FR4 material, which has a dielectric constant of 4.3 and 1.6mm thickness. The overall dimensions of the design are 56χ55 mm2. Two ideal switches are positioned on the extended feedline to DR. Because of these two switches, three switching operations are performed, i.e, ON-ON, ON-OFF, OFF-ON. Because of these three switching operations, four wide bands are achieved. When switches are in ON-ON state, the impedance bandwidth is 48.88%. When switches are in ON-OFF state, two wide bands are achieved with 6% and 30.44 % impedance bandwidth respectively. For the third arrangement, when switches are in OFF-ON state, the impedance bandwidth is 28.88%. The proposed design is low profile with 1.635 mm height of the DR. Simulated results of the proposed design strongly support the design for the mentioned wireless applications.

In this paper, a new design approach based on chaotic encryption technique and System on Programmable Chip SoPC to protect fingerprint templates against some attacks is presented. This approach is based on the co-design methodology hardware/software (HW/SW) performed by using Xilinx FPGA platform. The proposed stream cipher algorithm is based on chaotic sequences of the Lorenz system. Simulation and experimental results clearly demonstrate that the proposed approach for protecting biometric authentication system provide a good trade-off between security and performance requirements in terms of efficiency and cost. This system could therefore be integrated into a real time secure access control system.

SNOW-3G and ZUC are two stream ciphers standardized by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) organization to ensure the LTE (Long Term Evolution of radio networks) security. Unfortunately, these algorithms present some weaknesses. The main objective of this study is to design and implement an enhanced algorithm combining the functionalities of standard SNOW-3G and ZUC algorithms in order to provide security to the LTE network. A chaotic generator has been used to increase the randomness and robustness of generated key-streams. The proposed architecture was implemented on Xilinx virtex-S FPGA technology and its security was evaluated using many security tests (generated key-stream distribution, key sensitivity, key space, and NIST statistical tests). The experimental results show that the proposed design allows to encrypt data in two operating modes (SNOW-3G and ZUC modes) using limited hardware resources and power consumption while ensuring more resistance against cryptanalysis attacks.

This work presents the design of a reconfigurable Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) dielectric resonator antenna for Personal Communication Systems (PCS) bands. The proposed structure consist of L-shape dielectric radiator having parasitic metallic strips along with the wall of the dielectric resonator (DR). The switches are located on the top surface of the L-shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) to achieve re-configurability. A total of six switches are positioned on the top of the design to perform re-configurability in three ways. The proposed antenna offers re-configurability from 1750 MHz to 1870 MHz for return loss below −10 dB which can be used in Korean Personal Communication Systems wireless (PCS) applications. The MIMO parameters like mutual coupling, envelope correlation coefficient, and diversity gain are presented to validate the performance of the antenna. Measurements have been performed to validate the performance of the antenna in terms of return loss and mutual coupling between the two ports. A good agreement between measured and simulated results were found between 1750 MHz and 1850 MHz

In this work a MIMO Reconfigurable Dielectric Resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed. The antenna comprises of a cross-shaped dielectric resonator, fed by two orthogonal probes. Adjacent to both probes, two rectangular micro strip patches are stacked to the walls of DRA to enhance the return loss and improve the impedance matching. Two C-shaped deformations are made on the ground plane. Four PIN-Diodes are located on the C-shaped deformations. Re-configurability is achieved when PIN-diodes are switched OFF or switched ON. The re-configurability is attained for two resonance frequencies. For the configuration I, the antenna resonates at 1.84 GHz but the overall bandwidth covers GSM 1900 MHz. For the configuration II, the antenna resonates at 2.08 GHz but the total bandwidth includes frequencies, which can be used for LTE/UMTS 2100 MHz applications. The antenna performance is analyzed in terms of simulated return loss, radiation pattern, diversity gain and envelope correlation function. Simulated results confirm that this reconfigurable MIMO system has promising values for the mentioned parameters.

Reconfigurable antennas are getting more attention because of having numerous functionalities. In this work, a novel wide band frequency reconfigurable U-shaped dielectric resonating antenna has been presented and analyzed for future 5G applications. The proposed design has the potential to switch the frequency at three different wide bands between 7.5 GHz and 14.5 GHz. The U-shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with permittivity 10.2 is fed by micro strip line of 50 Ohm and. 035mm height for impedance matching. To improve the values of the return loss and enhance the bandwidth, the DRA is stacked with a micro strip patch at backside. The re-configurability is achieved using PIN diodes as switches on the ground plane. The switches are placed on the rectangular slot made on the ground plane. There are three switching states i.e., OFF-OFF, OFF-ON, ON-FF which helps to attain the shift in three different wide operating bands. The overall size of the proposed design is found to be $30\times 28\times 4.535\ \mathbf{mm}^{3}$ . The simulated results shows that the proposed design provides three wide bands operations with 32.5%, 25% and 87.25% bandwidth respectively.

Abnormal cell detection by optical microscopy is widely used, and a large number of biopsies required where the process of determining cell’s position in the histological sample image are very time consuming. In this paper, a proof-of-concept study was done to segmented abnormal cells in real time with high performance metrics focusing on minimizing cost and maximizing efficiency. We developed an improved snake/active contour method for fast cancer cells detection by integrated Canny approach. The implementation of this algorithm on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology substantially decreases the required time for identifying abnormal cells. It also allows an efficient and fast computation of active contour in high throughput image analysis applications where time performance is critical. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we implemented the architecture on Xilinx Virtex-FPGAs technology which offers for a scalable and a totally embedded on Chip FPGA. The proposed architecture was validated using 30 images from each histopathological type of colon cells, namely, Benign Hyperplasia (BH), Intraepithelial Neoplasia (IN) and Carcinoma (Ca). This method successfully detected the different cell types with computation time in the order of milliseconds. It was compared with manual cells segmented by using the performance metrics of similarity. The experimental results showed that the proposed snake implementation on FPGA produced accurate and stable results. It was able to rapidly identify multiple cellular types from optical microscope images, and effectively addressed difficult problems such as irregular shapes in carcinoma cells. The short computation time in this method makes it applicable to real-time cancer cell detection.

The mobile phone is widely used in our daily lives, and thus the need for securing communications and data has become essential. For that purpose, cryptography was used to provide security services for the subscribers of mobile phones. The series of the encryption algorithms of A5/x is used to ensure the confidentiality of conversations on mobile phones in most countries that used the GSM network. In this paper, we propose a new hardware implementation of A5/3 algorithm by using two KASUMI components. The purpose is to provide a better efficiency, in terms of computation time and of safety as well, for the algorithm A5/3.

SNOW-3G is a stream cipher used by the 3GPP standards as the core part of the confidentiality and integrity algorithms for UMTS and LTE standards. This paper proposes to combine a hyperchaotic pseudo-random number generator with the SNOW-3G stream cipher to enhance its security level and improve the randomness of the output keystream. The new proposed approach combines the perturbation technique with a nonlinear four-dimensional continuous chaotic system. The originality of this new scheme is that it provides a good tradeoff between high security, performance and hardware resources. Numerical simulations, hardware digital implementation and experimental results using Xilinx FPGA Virtex technology have demonstrated the feasibility and the efficiency of our secure solution while promising technique can be applied to secure the new generation mobile standards. Thorough NIST experimental tests are carried out with detailed analysis, demonstrating the high security of the new scheme compared to the SNOW-3G standard while still able to resist statistical and short keystream data set analysis attacks.

This paper considers the problem of scheduling on a heterogeneous CPU/FPGA architecture with communication delays, with the aim of minimizing the makespan (or the schedule length). For this strongly NP-hard problem, we present two iterative algorithms based on simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithms (GAs), which are used to run in the MPSoC an application described in a data flow graph. The performance of the proposed algorithms are evaluated and compared on a set of instances with up to 50 tasks. Computational experiments indicate that the innovative proposed algorithms provide competitive results for the studied problem and that the objective function values obtained are optimal or very close to a lower bound in a reasonable computation time.

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a micro-wind turbine in a complex through the power output prediction for decision making. The power output at one particular location can be approximated by the Weibull function. The considered model is tested and validated at an urban landscape location in Metz City, France, where anemometry is positioned at adjacent to the turbine and the instrumentation is specific to its surrounding location including record wind turbine data thanks to real time wireless communications. Technical data including wind speed and output power were analyzed and reported allowing to provide a reliable estimation of the wind energy potential in an urban location upon five years experimental data.

A novel asymmetric cryptosystem for optical image is proposed using fingerprint based on iterative fractional Fourier transform. To enhance the security, a hyperchaotic phase generated by a 4D Lorenz system is considered as the public key in the proposed encryption system, while the private key is emerged by the retrieved phase and fingerprint. In the encryption process, the secret information is hid into the hyperchaotic phase. Subsequently, the private key can be obtained by a reversible operation. To decrypt the original image, the ciphertext and private key are imported into the input plane of fractional Fourier system. This system is also applicable for information authentication because the fingerprint is used both in encryption and decryption approach. Some numerical simulations have been done to test the validity and capability of the encryption system.

International audience; In this paper, we propose an IR-UWB pulse generator and its corresponding decoder using respectively inverse discrete wavelet packet transform (IDWPT) and the discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) with various wavelets (Haar, Db2, Db4, Coif2, rbio1.5). These architectures being based on FIR filters, polyphase structure were chosen to easily suit in FPGA because of their parallel structures. The interpolator and decimator filter has been optimized using multiplexers to improve the delay, further the N-tap filter is divided into N/2-tap filters in parallel. The result comparisons in terms of BER has been shown for all wavelets through a Gaussian channel transmission. The results confirm the same transmission quality due to the perfect reconstruction property between the proposed IDWPT and DWPT implementation whatever the wavelet types that can be associated with sensors. We designed architectures of receiver and transmitter based on studied wavelets and we implemented them in FPGA to visualize generated pulses by experiences. The proposed FPGA implementations of IDWPT and DWPT architectures for Haar wavelet only require 3888 LUT/740 FF and 5359 LUT/996 FF, respectively, while providing low power consumption. The hardware and timing comparisons with existing techniques prove that our architectures are better. Our proposal permits a low complexity and good performance. Indeed, in transmitter part, one block can simultaneously generate pulses and modulate them. In receiver part, we replace a correlator used in a traditional IR-UWB system and generally complicated by our simple architecture.

This letter presents a hybrid approach to efficiently locating data packet errors in an adaptive network-on-chips (NoC). We propose to combine offline and online concepts based on a distributed and factorized online error detection module that will enable us to perform an efficient analysis of partial and localized area networks. This combination allows for an accurate localization of fault sources (97.79% fault coverage) by using offline detection performed at suitable moments that are defined by detecting new run-time fault occurrences through online detection. The offline error detection performed during system operation is applied in one of the reconfigurable regions maintaining the run-time NoC communications. We describe the mechanisms for efficiently associating offline and online error detection, and we evaluate performance overheads in the case of permanent data packet errors. Our approach allows to maintain a high reliability impact and NoC throughput while reducing the data packet latency.

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a micro-wind turbine in a complex through the power output prediction. The purpose is to show that due to long time period and very subtle onsite measurements the ideal position for the wind turbine can be determined considering experimental data under real conditions. More precisely, from well measured data (wind speed), the power output at one particular location can be approximated by the Weibull function. The considered model is tested and validated at an urban landscape location in Metz city, France, where anemometry is positioned at adjacent to the turbine and the instrumentation is specific to its surrounding location including record wind turbine data thanks to real time wireless communications. Technical data including wind speed and output power were analyzed and reported allowing to provide a reliable estimation of the wind energy potential in an urban location upon five years experimental data.

Optical microscopy is commonly used for cancer cell detection. Focusing on carcinoma cell identification via optical microscopy, a proof-of-concept study was performed at Laboratory of Design, Optimization and Modeling (LCOMS) to determine the grade of cancer cells. This paper focuses on three types of abnormal cells; namely, Benign Hyperplasia (BH), Intraepithelial Neoplasia (IN), which is a precursor state for cancer, and Carcinoma (Ca), which corresponds to abnormal tissue proliferation cancer. These types of cells were used to assess the efficiency of using shape features to identify carcinoma cells. A comparative study based on performance indicator concludes that three features, Area, Xor-Convex, and Solidity, were found to be effective in identifying the Carcinoma grade of cancer cells.

In this paper, we propose new receiver and transmitter architectures to use the Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform (DWPT) and its inverse transform (IDWPT) as a communication medium for wireless body sensor networks. The proposed original transmitter's and receiver's architectures are able to configure the number of sensors due to the considered regular and symmetric structures allowing to modify the wavelet for suitable transmission. To prove the feasibility of the proposed system, we designed architectures of receiver (DWPT) and transmitter (IDWPT) based on Db4 wavelet (8-tap filter), and synthesized the reconstruction and decomposition Mallat's algorithm targeted on FPGA Virtex-7. The FPGA implementation of IDWPT and DWPT architectures only requires 30877 LUT and 40174 LUT, respectively, while providing low power consumption and proving their integration in embedded bio-devices and bio-sensors for wireless body sensor networks.

Predicting the survival outcome of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is of key importance to clinicians for selecting the optimal course of treatment. The goal of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of geometric shape features, extracted from MR images, as a potential non-invasive way to characterize GBM tumours and predict the overall survival times of patients with GBM.The data of 40 patients with GBM were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Cancer Imaging Archive. The TOur analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that all but one shape feature had statistically significant differences across phenotypes, with p-value 0.05, following Holm-Bonferroni correction, justifying the analysis of GBM tumour shapes on a per-phenotype basis. Furthermore, the survival analysis based on the Kaplan-Meier estimator identified three features derived from necrotic regions (i.e. Eccentricity, Extent and Solidity) that were significantly correlated with overall survival (corrected p-value 0.05; hazard ratios between 1.68 and 1.87). In the multivariate analysis, features from necrotic regions gave the highest accuracy in predicting the survival group of patients, with a mean area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 63.85%. Combining the features of all three phenotypes increased the mean AUC to 66.99%, suggesting that shape features from different phenotypes can be used in a synergic manner to predict GBM survival.Results show that shape features, in particular those extracted from necrotic regions, can be used effectively to characterize GBM tumours and predict the overall survival of patients with GBM. Advances in knowledge: Simple volumetric features have been largely used to characterize the different phenotypes of a GBM tumour (i.e. active tumour, oedema and necrosis). This study extends previous work by considering a wide range of shape features, extracted in different phenotypes, for the prediction of survival in patients with GBM.

A color image encryption scheme is proposed by using a hyperchaotic system in gyrator transform domains. The red, green and blue (RGB) components of the original color image are encoded into one dimensional stream, respectively. Four chaotic sequences generated by a hyperchaotic system are blended into the streams to synthesize complex sequences. Subsequently the one dimensional complex streams are scrambled by employing discrete cosine transform and then encoded back to image format. Finally, the scrambled complex functions are encoded and transformed in gyrator domains. The parameters in the hyperchaotic system and the gyrator optical system are regarded as the extra keys for improving the security of the proposed scheme. Some numerical simulations are made to test the validity and capability of the proposed color encryption algorithm.

Background: I present our medical context with some basic concepts in order to understand the results of our work, and then I begin the explanation of mathematical morphology. I will conclude by the description of algorithmic processing propose in this paper. Cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma, can cause uncontrolled growth of an abnormal type of blood cell in the bone marrow, resulting in a greatly increased risk for infection and or serious bleeding. Methods: We present detailed steps of our proposed systems, to obtain a final result that shows the detection of abnormal cells. It typically starts with a median filter pre-processing step and then applies different morphologic operator, which allows us to segment the original image and detect cancerous cells. The basic idea behind all the operators in the mathematical morphology is to compare the set of objects to analyze another object of known form, which is called a structuring element. The structuring element is a geometric figure, simple to form, known or arbitrary, and can be a circle, segment, square, or triangle. Results: We show the different results obtained after testing carried out in algorithmic processing using MATLAB: To ameliorate the visualization of the abnormal blood cells, we have applied the elements basis morphological operations in a different way. We have performed an opening by reconstruction and a closing by reconstruction. The obtained result show that we have obtained an efficient detection of the targeted objects (abnormal blood cells or leukemia). Conclusion: In this paper, we have utilized the operators of the mathematical morphology with the aim to detect abnormal cells for diagnostic aid and transmission of accurate and precise clinical information, which helps specialists in medicine (hematologists) to distinguish abnormal cells or cancerous and to follow the evolution of leukemia. The algorithmic processing presented in this article has been able to perform the task of detection of cancerous cells with success; it has produced remarkable and satisfactory results. We think of the future concept as a system of aid for diagnosis from microelectronics integration to the base of reconfigurable technologies applied to cells for the goal of quantification of the cancer region.

In this paper, we propose a new hyperchaos-based spreading codes generator (HSCG) for multi-users direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication systems. For experimental validation, we implement the proposed generator in Xilinx FPGA Virtex-5 technology. Contrary to the traditional spreading codes, the proposed HSCG offers interesting statistical properties such as good autocorrelation, very small cross-correlation, no repetition of the generated spreading codes and high degree of security. In addition, the developed hardware architecture used for implementing the HSCG permits to generate simultaneously an infinite number of multi-length spreading codes with high hardware performances in terms of logic area consumption, throughput and latency. Real-time results are given for 32-, 64- and 128-bit chaotic spreading codes. All of these properties are validated and compared with that of classical codes (Gold sequences, Walsh–Hadamard) through bit error rate (BER) performance evaluation in a DS-CDMA system in AWGN and time-invariant multipath channels. With its interesting performances, the proposed HSCG is very useful for the next generations of mobile communication systems.

Measurements such as jitter, frequency offset and drift are very important in the quality of service evaluation in digital video broadcast, especially under varying rate environment. This paper presents an all digital phase locked loop (ADPLL) architecture for either VLSI or low cost FPGA implementation. The operation of proposed ADPLL is based on a frequency synthesizer for a very narrow band frequency ( ± 800 Hz), small frequency step and high central frequency (27 MHz). The proposed solution is designed for the real time measurements, feature a very low intrinsic jitter, and adaptive rate variation. The system description and adaptation method are presented with corresponding hardware implementation. Experimental results in term of jitter analysis and adaptation behavior are detailed and discussed.

International audience; Greenhouse climate control is complicated procedure since the number of variables involved on it and which are dependent on each other. This paper presents a contribution to integrate greenhouse inside climate key׳s parameters, leading to promote a comfortable micro-climate for the plants growth while saving energy and water resources. A smart fuzzy logic based control system was introduced and improved through specific measure to the temperature and humidity correlation. As well, the system control was enhanced with wireless data monitoring platform for data routing and logging, which provides real time data access. The proposed control system was experimentally validated. The efficiency of the system was evaluated showing important energy and water saving.

This paper presents an efficient encryption technique for image. The designed chaos-based key generator provides a random and complex dynamic behavior and can change it automatically via a random-like switching rule. The proposed encryption scheme is called PDCSS (Parametric Discrete Chaos-based Switching System). The performances of this technique were evaluated in terms of data security. The originality of this new scheme is that it allows a low-cost image encryption for embedded systems applications. Simulation results have shown the effectiveness of this technique, and it can thereafter, ready for a hardware implementation.

International audience; Image segmentation is a widely used in medical imaging applications by detecting anatomical structures and regions of interest. This paper concerns a survey of numerous segmentation model used in biomedical field. We organized segmentation techniques by four approaches, namely, thresholding, edge-based, region-based and snake. These techniques have been compared with simulation results and demonstrated the feasibility of medical image segmentation. Snake was demonstrated a capability with a high performance metrics to detect irregular shape as carcinoma cell type. This study showed the advantage of the deformable segmentation technique to segment abnormal cells with Dice similarity value over 83%.

This paper presents a totally digital phase locked loop (PLL) used for the recovery of a MPEG-2 decoder clock. The All Digital PLL (ADPLL) is implemented with a frequency synthesizer based on a new technique for phase shifting, avoiding the phase accumulation of ADPLL using a ring oscillator or avoiding the multiphase generation if a delay-locked loop (DLL) is used. The strongest point of the proposed configuration is the possibility of implementing as many ADPLLs as needed in a single circuit, in the limit of the circuit resources, without additional external circuit. The transfer characteristic, frequency resolution and jitter performance are computed and discussed. Then, the ADPLL resources and the ADPLL performances in term of time response and jitter are reported.

Measurement of quality of service in digital video broadcasting requires particularly the real-time monitoring of program clock reference (PCR) parameters for all the programs contained within the MPEG-2 transport stream. To achieve this, an all digital solution based on a novel all-digital phase locked loop (ADPLL) was proposed, allowing one to cast off the analog components and then a full FPGA implementation. The complexity of the system increases with the number of programs to be processed and an architectural optimization is then necessary. In this paper, several architectures are explored, considering area and objectives throughout. This exploration is based on hard-ware synthesis and code compilation results of system tasks. Three main cases are studied: hardware parallel implementation; hardware blocs reuse and hardware/software implementation. Experimental results are presented and discussed.

In this paper we present a new temporal partitioning methodology used for the data-path part of an algorithm for the reconfigurable embedded system design. This temporal partitioning uses an assessing trade-offs in time constraint, design size and field programmable gate arrays device parameters (circuit speed, reconfiguration time). The originality of our method is that we use the dynamic reconfiguration in order to minimize the number of cells needed to implement the data-path of an application under a time constraint. Our method consists, by taking into account the used technology, in evaluating the algorithm area and operators execution time from data flow graph. Thus, we deduce the right number of reconfigurations and the algorithm partitioning for Run-Time Reconfiguration implementation. This method allows avoiding an oversizing of implementation resources needed. This optimizing approach can be useful for the design of an embedded device or system. Our approach is illustrated by various reconfigurable implementations of real time image processing data-path.

International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT), Ecole Natl Ingenieurs Metz, Metz, FRANCE, NOV 03-05, 2014; International audience; We present an optimization of reliable Network on Chip (NoC) structure dedicated to dynamic reconfigurable systems (DRS) based on FPGA. The originality of our approach is based on a strategic placement of router incorporating elements of dependability. The solution is a factorization of these reliable routers encompassing routers without any error detection block. This ensures the global reliability of the network and reduce the cost of area, the latency of the data packets and the power consumption. The proposed approach can be applied to the majority NoC topologies.

In this paper, a new algorithm combined compression and image encryption is presented. The proposed algorithm can be used in the field of high-speed confidential data transmission where security is required. The compression is based on a hierarchical structure called SPIHT(Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees). This compression is followed by an encryption scheme PSCS (Parametric Switching Chaotic System). The performances of this technique were evaluated in terms of compression quality and data security. Simulation results have shown the effectiveness of this technique, and thereafter, it is ready for a hardware implementation.