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In recent years, Muography has been applied in many areas such as geological prospecting and national security. With the development of Muography, the demand for precise algorithms is on the rise. This paper focuses on Muon Tomography and proposes a new Muon Tomography algorithm that decomposes muon scattering angles into changes in azimuthal angle φ and polar angle θ in a spherical coordinate system. Calculate their change ratios to determine the equivalent scattering point. This algorithm divides the calculation of muon scattering points into three steps to enhance the equivalent accuracy of the muon trajectories. The new algorithm is applied to process both simulation and experimental data. It combines three methods for evaluating imaging quality: the SSIM(Structural Similarity Index Measure) algorithm, Ratio of Effective Scattering Point, and Spectrum of the Distance from Scattering Points to the Origin. These methods are used to compare the image quality of the new algorithm with the PoCA algorithm. The results show that compared to the PoCA algorithm, the new algorithm significantly improves the image quality without angle selection, nearly doubling the fraction of effective scattering points. When imaging low-Z materials where the PoCA algorithm is not suitable, the new algorithm also effectively enhances the imaging quality. Also, the imaging quality can be further optimized by continuously iterating the boundary of the imaging area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of the impact of energy consumption patterns on peak emissions in China is pertinent and crucial for achieving global climate goals. The study aims to form a forecast of carbon emissions in China and diagnose the achievement of established decarbonization goals based on structural changes in primary energy consumption until 2030. To achieve the goal, the study formed a Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with the implementation of Markov chains. The obtained research results yield important insights into the influence of various scenarios on carbon emissions in China by the year 2030. Specifically, considering structural transformations, an increase in emissions by 15 % can be anticipated, which is 7 % less than predicted by the classical scenario. Among the proposed scenarios, the Net Zero scenario is deemed the most efficient, where emissions could reach a level of 8509.5 million tons of CO₂. Conversely, the New Momentum scenario proves to be the most precarious, as it entails an escalation in coal usage, leading to a 4 % increase in emissions, amounting to 13264.84 million tons of CO₂. The contribution of this study is the approach to conducting carbon emission projections, which is based on the DSGE model with the implementation of Markov chains. This makes it possible to assess the adequacy of the set targets for carbon reduction based on alternative scenarios, which in crisis conditions can overlap and thus complement each other. • A forecast of carbon emissions in China. • The Net Zero scenario is assumed to be the most effective. • The approach to conducting carbon emission projections. • The potential threats to slow the rate of reduction of carbon emissions in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poor decidualization and abnormal autophagy conditions in the endometria of adenomyosis patients have been reported previously. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of decidualization in adenomyosis and its relationship with autophagy levels have not been clarified. Methods: Endometrial tissues from adenomyosis patients and uteri from an adenomyosis mouse model were collected for the detection of different expression patterns of KLF4 and autophagy markers (LC3-B/LC3-A and Beclin-1) compared with control groups. Human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) isolated from adenomyosis and control endometrial tissues were employed to elucidate the biological functions of KLF4 in autophagy and decidualization. Gene expression regulation was examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting and luciferase reporter assays. In addition, DNA promoter-protein interactions were examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)/PCR assay and avidin–biotin conjugate DNA precipitation (ABCD) assay. Results: KLF4 expression was decreased in endometrial tissues from adenomyosis patients compared with those from fertile controls, especially in stromal compartments. The opposite results were observed for autophagy marker (LC3-B/LC3-A and Beclin-1) expression. At the same time, KLF4 reversed the poor decidualization of hESCs from adenomyosis patients. In addition, KLF4 could induce hESC decidualization by promoting the autophagy level. Mechanistically, KLF4 bound to a conserved site in the autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) promoter region and promoted ATG5 expression. Similar expression patterns of KLF4 and autophagy markers were detected in adenomyotic mice. Conclusions: KLF4 overexpression increases the autophagy level of hESCs by transcriptionally promoting ATG5 expression, and abnormally decreased KLF4 in adenomyosis impairs hESC decidualization by repressing autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]