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Current research is considered to study the effect of nonthermal physical field technologies of atmospheric cold plasma (CP) and ultrasound waves (US) on the germination and seedling indices of cumin seeds. In this regard, different drying strategies were planned in a single and combined form using a lab‐scale cold plasma unit and ultrasound‐assisted air dryer. Various duration of CP pretreatment (CPt: 0, 15, and 30 s), ultrasound power (P: 0, 60, 120, and 180 W), and air temperature (T: 30, 35, and 40°C) were practiced to investigate the changes in germination traits and microstructure characteristics of cumin seeds. It was found that CP pretreatment and ultrasound treatment in a single form significantly increased germination percentage, germination index, and germination rate as well as seeding vigor of cumin seeds. The morphological alteration in the surface of the seeds, which modifies the seed surface hydrophilicity and accelerates water uptake, may be the leading cause of CP and US‐induced modification in the germination power. The highest stimulatory effect belonged to the combined application of cold plasma and ultrasound wave when the cumin seeds were treated with an appropriate CP dose and ultrasound energy. So that, the maximum germination percentage (92%), germination index (14.91), and germination rate (21.33%), as well as the highest values of seedling vigor index I (178.67 mm) and vigor index II (420.72 mg), were in possession of pretreatment with CPt: 15 s before ultrasound‐assisted drying at T ≤ 35°C and P ≤ 120 W. Practical Applications: This study demonstrates the potential of cold plasma and ultrasound wave before and during air drying of cumin seeds, respectively. Cold plasma was used as a nonthermal and nonchemical pretreatment strategy before air drying of cumin seeds in ultrasound‐assisted dryer. A single application of cold plasma caused a significant increase in germination percentage, germination index, and germination rate of cumin seeds. The positive effect of cold plasma on the studied parameter of cumin seeds intensified when it was supported by airborne low‐power ultrasound waves during air drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This three years field study examined the influence of application rates of manure from sheep and goat (S/G) and their mixture with wood-based or farm yard manure-based biochars (FYMB) on growth performance of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and Cuminum cyminum (cumin). The fertilizer amendment rates were 1.66, 3.32 and 6.64 t ha−1, which were applied for three consecutive years in field. The nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) in seeds and stover of test crops were analyzed for third year cropping only. Results demonstrated that in general, fertilizers did not influence yield of first and second year crops. The significant (P ≤ 0.05) positive influences of organic fertilizers were observed for third year crops and were of higher magnitude for C. cyminum than F. vulgare (126–306.6% increase for C. cyminum and 24.5–48.4% increase for F. vulgare than control). As compared to S/G applied at 6.64 t ha−1 rate, its co-amendment with wood-derived biochar at all application rates significantly reduced P in seeds; whereas, its co-amendment with both biochar types and at all application rates significantly reduced P in the stover of F. vulgare (Table 3; P ≤ 0.05). For the crop C. cyminum, there was no difference between treatments for the concentration of P in stover. The phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of stover of F. vulgare was significantly improved by 80–108% and by 60–79% in response to the application of S/G and its co-amendment with FYMB respectively than control. The PUE of seeds of F. vulgare was increased by 100% than control in response to the co-amendment of manure with wood-derived biochar at high application rate (P ≤ 0.05). More profound significant improvement in PUE was observed for third year crop of C. cyminum, as most of the treatments improved PUE of seeds by171 – 561% and stover by 196–294% than control with no significant differences between fertilizer treatments. Results show no relationship between fertilizer application rates and life history trait of crops in space and time, since there was non-consistent and in general non-significant differences between fertilizer treatments for both crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Root rot disease of Cuminum cyminum caused by Fusarium solani is one of the most destructive diseases threatening cumin production. The present study investigates the biocontrol potential of some endophytes against F. solani and their effect on the induction of defense-related enzymes in a greenhouse. The results herein presented illustrate the strong biocontrol potential of three (out of twelve) endophytes. During the in vitro assay, three isolates demonstrated strong mycelial growth inhibition of F. solani: isolates 3, 4, and 9, with 87%, 65%, and 80% reductions, respectively, with respect to the control (100%). These isolates were identified as Trichoderma harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, and Chaetomium globosum, which produce siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Cumin seed priming with the culture filtrates of T. harzianum, C. globosum, and T. longibrachiatum positively affected the seed germination, as a higher germination (%) of culture filtrate-treated seeds was observed followed by infected and healthy control/untreated seeds. In the greenhouse, the application of T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, and C. globosum caused a reduction in disease severity (67.7%, 58.1%, and 59.3%, respectively) on cumin plants, with a lower disease severity (20%, 26%, and 25%, respectively) recorded in treated plants compared to the infected control (62%). Furthermore, a significant increase in defense-related enzymes in culture filtrate-treated cumin plants was recorded. Higher peroxidase (PO), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, and a higher content of phenolic compounds, were found in culture filtrate-treated plants. These results indicate that the culture filtrates of these bioagents not only increased seed germination, but also protected the plants from F. solani infection by acting as important elements of the cellular antioxidant system in plants upon infection, conferring the biocontrol potential of C. globosum and Trichoderma species toward mitigating the root rot disease of cumin plants in a greenhouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of AH Plus sealer to dentin treated with the essential oils of Cumimum cyminum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum as herbal final irrigants. Forty human mandibular first premolars were selected. After smear layer removal, the samples were divided into 4 groups and irrigated with experimental solutions for 1 min and later with distilled water. G1: Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ) in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); G2: Sodium hypochlorite 2.5%; G3: Sodium hypochlorite in MIC; G4: Cuminum cyminum (CC) in MIC. After obturation, the roots were sectioned in order to obtain 1-mm discs for push-out assessment. The push-out test was performed using a universal testing machine. The slices were examined using a stereomicroscope at 30× to determine the mode of failure. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test. The teeth irrigated with CZ showed significantly lower push-out resistance than those irrigated with NaOCl 2.5% and NaOCl at MIC. The other groups had no significant difference. The modes of failure were predominantly mixed. Under the limitations of the present study, CC does not have adverse effects on the bond strength of AH Plus and can be used as a good alternative for currently used final irrigants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic diversity among in vitro plant regeneration in cumin has been examined by molecular markers analysis (ISSR and SRAP markers). Two landraces of cumin named Egyptian landraces (EGY genotype) and Indian landraces (IND genotype) were used as donor parents, three types of explants (hypocotyl, cotyledon and root) and four MS tissue culture media with different concentrations of growth regulators (auxin and cytokinin) were used to study the impact of genotype, type of explants and growth regulators on callus formation and plant regeneration in cumin. Significant differences among two cumin landraces were observed for regeneration rate and number of shoots per explant. These differences were depending on genotype, explant type and concentration of growth regulators. The best regeneration medium (MS with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D) used for establishment of regenerated plants. Donor parent, Egyptian landraces (EGY) and Indian landraces (IND) and its regenerated plants on regeneration medium were selected and subjected to somaclonal variation analysis using molecular markers. ISSR (inter- simple-sequence-repeat) and SRAP (sequence-related-amplified-polymorphism) markers were used to detect the genetic variations between two cumin landraces. Subsequently, primers which exhibited high polymorphism between donor parents were used to analysis of somaclonal variation between each donor parent and its regenerated plants (somaclones), as well as among somaclones. These markers revealed polymorphism showing clear different DNA fragment patterns in all somaclones, which were eminent in their differences from parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many of the most common cancers, such as prostate and breast cancer are due to the presence of harmful agents and compounds in processed foods, including nitrite. In this research the physicochemical, antioxidant, and color properties of sodium nitrite-free sausages containing different concentrations of cochineal pigment alone or in combination with cumin essential oil were studied and compared with the control sample containing sodium nitrite. Methods: The extract of cochineal pigment in concentrations 200 ppm, 400 ppm, and 600 ppm alone or with 0.004 % w/w of essential oil of cumin were added to 40% red meat German sausage and physico-chemical, antioxidant, and color changes of the samples during 1, 10, 20, and 30 days after production (in refrigerator conditions) were compared with the control (without cochineal pigment, essential oil of cumin, and 120 ppm sodium nitrite) sample. Results: The findings of the study showed that this substitution did not have a significant (P > 0.05) effect on physico-chemical properties, and by increasing the concentration of cochineal pigment in the samples, the antioxidant properties of the samples significantly increased. The samples containing 400 or 600 ppm of cochineal pigment with 0.004 %w/w of cumin in the formulation were not significantly different from control sample in terms of antioxidant properties and were selected as superior treatment. Conclusion: It is possible to produce a healthy German sausage without nitrite by using cochineal pigment and cumin essential oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the volatile flavor profiles of grilled lamb seasoned with salt, chili pepper, and cumin were analyzed employing HS-SPM E -GC–MS, HS-GC-IMS, E-nose, and sensory evaluation techniques. The E-nose was found effective in differentiating the samples seasoned variously. A total of 67 volatile compounds were identified by HS-SPME-GC–MS, and 59 by HS-GC-IMS. The PCA demonstrated a correlation between the seasonings and the volatile compounds, with five principal components accounting for 99.54% of the total variance. 1-octen-3-ol, 3-furanmethanol, acetic acid, and heptanal were introduced by salt; compounds like propyl acetate were correlated with chili pepper; a broader range, including ethyl 3-methylbutanoate and high concentrations of alpha-pinene, was associated with cumin. Samples seasoned with all three ingredients showed similarities to those associated with cumin, alongside unique compounds such as gamma-octalactone and alpha-pinene. Sensory evaluations by consumers indicated that the combination of these seasonings significantly enhanced the overall acceptability of the grilled lamb. Utilizing modern analytical techniques, this study has successfully revealed the distinct impacts of seasonings—salt, chili pepper, and cumin—on the flavor profile of grilled lamb. By providing experimental data on how each seasonings influence the flavor profile of grilled lamb prepared with Sonit sheep. The research offers theoretical foundation for the development of grilled lamb products. By conducting a thorough comparison between GC-MS and GC-IMS, this study has expanded the understanding of the distinct characteristics of these two technologies. It has also provided a clearer analysis of some flavor compounds dimers produced in GC-IMS system. [Display omitted] • 67 volatile compounds were identified by HS-SPME-GC–MS, 59 by HS-GC-IMS. • Salt, chili pepper and cumin influenced distinctly the flavor of grilled lamb. • Salt introduced hexanal and acetic acid, chili pepper brought (E)-2-octen-1-ol. • Cumin contributed compounds including alpha-pinene and ethyl 3-methylbutanoate. • The understanding of the differences between HS-SPME-GC–MS and HS-GC–MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• O/W Emulsion was found to have good kinetic stability. • Formulating Oil-in-water emulsion using Zingiber Officinal, Mentha Arvensis and Cuminum Cyminum plants extracts. • The O/W emulsion shows good therapeutic potential. • Tween-80 and Span-80 are highly efficient emulsifiers even at very low concentration. • The physicochemical properties confirm emulsion stability. Emulsion is a biphasic dosage form consisting of a distributed phase covering droplets distributed uniformly within an adjacent liquid, which constitutes the continuous phase. An emulsifier is added at the interface of two immiscible liquids to stabilize thermodynamically unstable emulsion. Different types of emulsion, including water-in-oil (W/O), oil-in-water (O/W), microemulsions, and multiple emulsions, are employed for delivering specific drugs within the body. They can be used to provide nutraceuticals as a medicine delivery mechanism. In present research project the aqueous extracts of three plants i.e. Zingiber Officinal, Mentha Arvensis and Cuminum Cyminum were combined in formulation of oil-in-water emulsion. Different analytical techniques were employed to characterized the sample. The foremost parameter was to determine the organoleptic properties (color, odor and texture). Afterwards, viscosity, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, Karl Fischer titration, and pH studies indicated the stability of the formulation. The continuous phase showed no visible coalescence or sedimentation in SEM image. The infrared spectra identify the presence of secondary metabolites, PDI and AAS were the characterization procedures adapted, that reveal the sample to be free of toxic constituents. The sample was subjected to deoxyribose degradation test. We used different concentration 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.05 %. The highest potential was recorded 12.71 % at Conc. 0.05 %. It was further confirmed by antioxidant DPPH assay. Same concentrations were used for antioxidant assay. The sample emulsion shows good potential 16 and 20 % at concentration 0.10 and 0.20 %. Highest potential 27 % was observed at highest concentration 0.80 %. We also performed the metal iron chelation activity. As compared to control O/W emulsion shows 7.78 % activity at concentration 0.05 %. It was further increases with increase in concentration i.e. 17.41, 19.13 and 23.15 % at conc. 0.1, 0.2 and 0.8 %. It was found that the sample is stable and less toxic. The primary screening of the sample gives the basis for future use however, further molecular studies are needed to decode the exact biochemical mechanism of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the current research was to determine the impact of cumin and green tea on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in hypertensive rats. Wistar rats were given 40 mg/kg of L-NAME orally every day for two weeks in order to induce hypertension. The groups treated with herbs received L-NAME with a daily oral dose of cumin (200 mg/kg) and green tea (200 mg/kg), respectively. After the treatment for 14 days, blood pressure was measured at specific intervals using a tail-cuff BP-measurement device for 24 h. For oral pharmacokinetics of amlodipine (single dose, 1 mg/kg), the blood samples were collected at predetermined intervals up to 24 h, and plasma samples were analyzed using UPLC-LC MS/MS. In comparison to the hypertensive control group, green tea and cumin significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures, as well as mean arterial pressures. Green tea has demonstrated a more prominent effect on pharmacodynamic of amlodipine compared to cumin. The rats treated with amlodipine, cumin + amlodipine, and green tea + amlodipine exhibited AUC0-t of 38.85 ± 14.8 ng h/mL, 52.05 ± 10.2 ng h/mL, and 114.73 ± 24.94 ng h/mL, respectively. In addition, it has been observed that co-administration of green tea and cumin increases the Cmax and T1/2 of amlodipine. The results indicated a potential interaction between amlodipine and the investigated herbs in hypertensive rats. Hence, precautions should be taken while concurrently administrating amlodipine with the investigated herbs.

In the current study, the impacts of using cumin (0.5% and 1%, w/w) in beef meatballs on heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) formation and some quality characteristics when cooked at 150 and 250 °C were investigated. It was found that using of cumin at different ratios in beef meatballs showed a significant (p < 0.01) effect on pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive (TBARS) value, and total HAA. The cooking process significantly (p < 0.01) affected the meatballs’ water content, pH, and TBARS values, while the cooking loss and total HAA content of meatballs were significantly (p < 0.01) affected by cooking temperature. It was found that the cumin usage rate in meatballs increased the pH value, while it was found to decrease the TBARS value. As expected, the cooking process was associated with a reduction in water, while it was found to result in an increase in the pH and TBARS values. On the other hand, both cooking temperature and cumin addition to meatballs led to an increase in their total HAA content. Diverse samples exhibited detectable levels of IQx, MeIQx, MeIQ, and PhIP compounds. The presence of MeIQx compound was found in all samples, except for the control group cooked at 150 °C. Additionally, the use of 0.5% and 1% cumin in meatballs cooked at temperature of 250 °C had an inhibitory effect on MeIQx compound. Our results revealed that the incorporation of cumin in the meatballs resulted in an increase in the total HAA content, likely due to its prooxidant effect. However, it was found that the use of cumin at certain rates could reduce the formation of MeIQx compound with an antioxidant effect. However, in this study found that even if 100 g of meatballs with the highest concentration of total HAA were consumed, the maximum HAA exposure limit value (0–15 µg/day) was not exceeded.

Cuminum cyminum L. (cumin) seeds are widely used as a spice. Although we previously reported that the aqueous extract of cumin seeds suppresses the degranulation of rat basophilic RBL-2H3 cells, it has not been clarified whether the extract alleviates actual allergy symptoms in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of oral administration of cumin seed aqueous extract (CAE) in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the following three groups: control group (five mice), OVA group (five mice), and OVA + CAE group (five mice). Allergic rhinitis was induced by sensitization (intraperitoneal, 25 μg OVA and 1.98 mg aluminum hydroxide gel) followed by challenge (intranasal, 400 μg OVA). The oral administration of CAE (25 mg/kg) reduced the sneezing frequency of OVA-induced allergic rhinitis model mice. In addition to reducing the serum immunoglobulin E and IL-4 levels, the oral administration of CAE reduced the production of T-helper type-2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) in the splenocytes of the model mice. Furthermore, a significant increase in the ratio of Th1 to Th2 cells was observed in the CAE-administered group. Our findings suggest that the ingestion of CAE improves T cell balance, the dominant state of Th2, and alleviates allergic rhinitis symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, thyme (Coridothymus capitatus L.), laurel (Laurus nobilis), lavender (Lavandula officinalis), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), cinnamon (Cinnamon zeylanicum), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) essential oil nanoemulsions were screened for their antifungal activity against isolated Saprolegnia parasitica strains by disc diffusion and tube dilution methods. The constituents of the essential oil nanoemulsions were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major constituents of the essential oils were carvacrol (46.17%) in thyme, eucalyptol (1,8-cineole; 45.57%) in laurel, linalyl acetate (32.95%) in lavender, thymoquinone (44.86%) in cumin, eugenol (58.59%) in cinnamon, and 1,8-cineole (68.97%) in eucalyptus. The thyme essential oil nanoemulsions were showed the highest antifungal potency (MIC; 50–100 µL mL− 1 and MLC; 100–125 µL mL− 1) while cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions were less effective (MIC; 250–500 µL mL− 1 and MLC; 500–1000 µL mL− 1) against S. parasitica. The thyme essential oil nanoemulsions were more effective on fungal strains than the positive control group (formalin) at a range of 250–1000 µL mL− 1 concentrations. Following in vitro studies, the antifungal effect of thyme and cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions was determined in rainbow trout eggs experimentally infected with S. parasitica strains. The highest survival rates were recorded in thyme essential oil nanoemulsions at 50 mg L− 1 (76.60%) and the positive control (81%) (p < 0.05). These results indicate that thyme and cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions could be new plant-based antifungals against Saprolegniasis. Besides, they are eco-friendly and safe for use in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of inclusion of wild cumin seeds (WCS) on performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profile in broilers during the finisher phase. For this purpose, 360, 14 days old chicks were randomly divided into four groups designated as CONT (control), 0.5WCS, 1.0WCS and 1.5WCS with 5 replicates, which were supplemented with WCS at the rate of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5% respectively. On the overall, feed intake was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the CONT compared to the 1.0WCS. At the end of the finisher phase, and overall basis, body weight and feed conversion ratio were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in 0.5WCS. Crude protein apparent digestibility in the ileum was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in 0.5WCS compared to the CONT, while crude fat digestibility was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in 0.5WCS and 1.5WCS compared to the control. Similarly, serum triglyceride was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in 0.5WC but high density lipoprotein was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the same group. It was concluded that wild Cumin at the rate of 0.5% was superior compared to the other treatments in the diet to improve the performance, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites in broiler during the finisher phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eleven endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots of cumin, a medicinal plant grown in Assiut Province, Egypt. The strains KAU2025 and KAU2022 exhibited the highest inhibition rate against Fusarium oxysporum (FOC7) (64%) in dual culture test and were selected for further studies. KAU2022 and KAU2025 were identified as Brevibacillus parabrevis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, respectively, based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The isolates increased the seed germination of cumin by 46.6% compared to that in the control infected with the pathogen F. oxysporum (FOC7). Additionally, the biocontrol efficacy of B. parabrevis against Fusarium wilt in cumin was determined as 67.4% in pot experiments, and both the bioagents increased the fresh and dry weight of the cumin plant compared to the infected control. After a 24 h treatment, the peroxidase levels in the cumin plants were higher in the P. fluorescens and B. parabrevis-treated groups, and the level of polyphenol oxidase increased in both treatments compared to the infected control. The treatment of cumin with both strains increased the total phenol and flavonoid contents in the treated plants. In summary, B. parabrevis and P. fluorescens are promising agents for the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt in cumin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) present in different spices can provide distinct analytical biosignatures related to organoleptic properties and health benefits. This study aimed to establish the volatilomic fingerprint of six of the most consumed spices all over the world (saffron (Crocus sativus L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), black pepper, (Piper nigrum L.), sweet paprika (Capsicum annuum L.), and curry (a mix of different herbs and spices)). Based on headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, this is a powerful strategy to explore and establish the spice's volatile pattern and unravel the potential health benefits related to the most important VOMs identified in each spice. This comprehensive knowledge will help in the definition of their authenticity, while simultaneously protecting against potential frauds and adulterations. A total of 162 VOMs were identified. Semi-quantitative assessments revealed that terpenoids and sesquiterpenoids amounted to the major volatile class in the investigated spices, except for cinnamon, where carbonyl compounds are the major group. Most of the studied spices comprised key characteristics of aroma and health bioactive compounds, e.g., dihydrojuneol in saffron, cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon, cuminaldehyde in cumin and curry, and caryophyllene in black pepper. The principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) successfully discriminated the investigated spices, being α-cubebene, 3-methyl butanal, β-patchoulene and β-selinene, the most important VOMs (highest VIP's) that contributed to its discrimination. Moreover, some VOMs have a high influence on the spice's bioactive potential, helping to prevent certain diseases including cancer, inflammatory-related diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The wild scale insect Dactylopius opuntiae is one of the major insect pests of prickly pear Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) in Morocco. The present study investigated the insecticidal potential of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Atriplex halimus (leaves), Salvia rosmarinus (leaves), and Cuminum cyminum (seeds) to control nymphs and adult females of D. opuntiae under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Among the tested samples, the aqueous extract of A. halimus showed the highest activity on nymphs and adult females of D. opuntiae in the laboratory and when combined with black soap under greenhouse conditions. The difference in toxicity of the plant species in the study was correlated with their saponin content. These results provide evidence that the aqueous extract of A. halimus leaves could be incorporated into the management of the wild scale insect as an alternative to chemical insecticides. The wild cochineal Dactylopius opuntiae (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) is one of the major insect pests of the prickly pear Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) in Morocco, a well-known fruit and vegetable crop of arid and semi-arid regions around the world. The present study investigated the insecticidal potential of six extracts (three aqueous and three hydroalcoholic (MeOH/H2O, 20/80 (v/v)) from Atriplex halimus (leaves), Salvia rosmarinus (leaves) and Cuminum cyminum (seeds) to control nymphs and adult females of D. opuntiae under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Out of the tested samples, A. halimus aqueous extract showed the highest activity, inducing mortality rates of 67.04% (after 4 days) and 85% (after 8 days) on nymphs and adult females of D. opuntiae, respectively, at a concentration of 5% under laboratory conditions. It also showed the highest mortality rate of nymphs with 100% (4 days after application) and 83.75% of adult females (7 days after the second application) at a concentration of 5% when combined with black soap at 10 g/L under greenhouse conditions. The difference in the toxicity of plant species of the study was correlated with their saponin content. A total of 36 of these triterpene glucosides were suggested after a comprehensive LC-MSn profiling of the most active extract, A. halimus, in addition to phytoecdysones and glycosylated phenolic acids and flavonoids. These findings provided evidence that the aqueous leaf extract of A. halimus could be incorporated in the management of the wild cochineal as an alternative to chemical insecticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two metal oxide nanoparticles, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) and aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3NPs), were synthesized from green sources, Salvia officials and Cuminum cyminum seed extract, respectively. These nanoparticles were used for construction of potentiometric enhancement sensors employed for the estimation of ranitidine hydrochloride (RNT) in authentic powder and commercial products. The electroactive substance ranitidine-phosphotungstate (RNT-PT) was formed by combining RNT with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) in the presence of plasticizing material o-nitrophenyloctyl ether (o-NPOE). The outcomes showed that the enhanced MgO and Al2O3 nanosensors behaved linearly across the concentration ranges 1.0 × 10−9–1.0 × 10−2 and 1.0 × 10−10–1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1, respectively. However, the conventional sensor (RNT-PT) displayed a linearity over 1.0 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1. Least square equations were calculated as EmV = (54.1 ± 0.5) log (RNT) + 762.33, EmV = (58.6 ± 0.2) log (RNT) + 696.48, and EmV = (52.2 ± 0.7) log (RNT) + 756.76 for enriched nanometal oxides modified and conventional sensors, respectively. The correlation coefficients of regression equations were 0.9997, 0.9995, and 0.9992 for the above suggested sensors, respectively. The recorded results showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity of the modified nanometal oxide sensors for the quantification of the analyzed drug in its authentic samples and commercial products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is a challenge due to rising antibiotic resistance and GIT-related disorders. Cuminum cyminum, Pimpinella anisum, and Carum carvi are fruits belonging to the Apiaceae family. Their essential oils were extracted, analyzed using GC-MS, tested for anti-H. pylori activity by a micro-well dilution technique, identified for potential anti-H. pylori inhibitors by an in-silico study, and investigated for anti-inflammatory activity using a COX-2 inhibition assay. Results showed that the main components of C. cyminum, P. anisum, and C. carvi were cumaldehyde (41.26%), anethole (92.41%), and carvone (51.38%), respectively. Essential oil of C. cyminum exhibited the greatest anti-H. pylori activity (3.9 µg/mL) followed by P. anisum (15.63 µg/mL), while C. carvi showed the lowest activity (62.5 µg/mL). The in-silico study showed that cumaldehyde in C. cyminum has the best fitting energy to inhibit H. pylori.C. cyminum essential oil showed the maximum ability to reduce the production of Cox-2 expression approaching celecoxib with IC50 = 1.8 ± 0.41 µg/mL, followed by the C. carvi oil IC50 = 7.3 ± 0.35 µg/mL and then oil of P. anisum IC50 = 10.7±0.63 µg/mL. The investigated phytochemicals in this study can be used as potential adjunct therapies with conventional antibiotics against H. pylori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of cold plasma (CP) and ultrasound wave (US) before and during air drying of cumin seeds, respectively. In this regard, different CP exposure times (15 and 30 s), sonication powers (60, 120, and 180 W), and drying air temperatures (30, 35, and 40 °C) were practiced at the velocity of 0.6 m/s to study the underlying changes in drying time, effective moisture diffusivity, energy consumption, total color change, rupture force, and microstructure of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds. It was found that CP pretreatment significantly increased effective moisture diffusivity and reduced drying time, energy consumption, and color change in the cold plasma–assisted drying program (CPCV). The morphological alteration in the seeds' surface, which accelerates water removal from the inner structure toward the surface, is the main cause of CP-induced modification in the drying process. The positive effect of CP pretreatment on the cumin seeds was intensified when it was followed by high-power sonication during air drying of the seeds. So that, the maximum reductions in drying time (46.65%), energy consumption (39.49%), total color change (40.69), and rupture force (46.84%) were in possession of 15 s CP pretreatment before ultrasound-assisted drying at the power level of 180 W. Longer exposure time (30 s) resulted in denser material with the compacted surface resulting in less color retention and increased rupture force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ethnopharmacology is a very diverse approach to drug discovery that involves the observation, description, and experimental study of native drugs and their biological activities based on botany, chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, and other disciplines such as anthropology, archeology, history, and linguistics that helps discovering of natural products with biological activity. The aim of this study was to identify medicinal plants that have a traditional use in the north and west of Dashtestan county, Bushehr in the north of Persian Gulf . Materials and Methods: The medical uses of medicinal plants were gathered from 25 local informants by face-to-face interviews. The relative frequency of citation (FRC) and cultural importance (CI) indices were calculated. Results: A total of 117 medicinal plants related to 63 families were identified in the north and west of Dashtestan region. Zataria multiflora, Cuminum cyminum, Aloe vera, Achillea eriophora DC, Matricario chamomilla, Echium amoenum, Trachyspermum copticum, Foeniculum vulgare, Plantago psyllium, Fumaria parviflora and Nigella sativa had the highest cultural importance index. The highest medical uses were for gastrointestinal discomforts, infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, pediatric problems, kidney and urinary tract diseases, OB & Gyn problems, psychiatric and neurological diseases, dermatologic and the metabolic disorders, respectively. The native people used some of these medicinal plants for some diseases which these usages were unique for this region. For example, they used Achillea eriophora DC for ulcers, abscesses, and carbuncles, Matricario chamomilla for fever and abdominal discomfort, Echium amoenum for promotion of labor pain, Plantago psyllium for purulent infections, Fumaria parviflora for neonatal jaundice and Nigella sativa for musculoskeletal pains. Conclusion: There is a vast variety of medicinal plants in the north and west of Dashtestan region. Although most of the therapeutic applications of these plants in this area are the same as Iran’s traditional medicine, the people in this region use some of these plants for some diseases which these usages are unique for this region. Thus, investigation about these plants should be initiated to discover novel drugs for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve the multi-claim products required for dental-health-care and hygiene, it is indispensable for the formulator to use a wide range of ingredients however, with the advent of technology the chemically synthesised products are not of demand in the market as they have side effects and are considered to unsafe for human use. This places quite a number of demands on the use of PBNPs in the development process. Use of PBNPs innovations in the areas of pharmaceutical technology have contributed significantly to the formulation of dental-health-care products with superior efficacy as well as other attributes that may contribute to clinical response and patient acceptability. Improved clinical efficacy and tolerability, along with conditioning signals, should encourage patient compliance with oral hygiene. Cuminum cyminum seeds are being habitually used in traditional cuisines of different cultures. In India, it is used in both whole and ground form as a traditional ingredient to make dishes without perceptive medicinal knowledge/properties behind. In Kerala, decoction of cumin seeds is used for drinking (Jeera water). In Tamilnadu, cumin seeds are the key ingredient of Rasam. Fruit of Solanum lycopersicum is one of the important savoury vegetable used in traditional Indian cuisines. The oil of Cocos nucifera fruits are used in cooking in Kerala and TamilNadu. In the present study, composition (paste) prepared by mixing of 2 drops of S. lycopersicum fruit juice, 2 drops of C. nucifera and 1g of C. cyminum seed powder were tested on 100 subjects with felt bad breath. Results of the present study was found to be effective in controlling bad breath (odour) in 74 subjects after the treatment (period of clinical trial) except 09 of 83 subjects who were diabetic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cuminum cyminum L. essential oil (cumin EO) was studied for its chemical composition, antioxidant and vibriocidal activities. Inhibition of biofilm formation and secretion of some virulence properties controlled by the quorum sensing system in Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were also reported. The obtained results showed that cuminaldehyde (44.2%) was the dominant compound followed by β-pinene (15.1%), γ-terpinene (14.4%), and p-cymene (14.2%). Using the disc diffusion assay, cumin EO (10 mg/disc) was particularly active against all fifteen Vibrio species, and the highest diameter of growth inhibition zone was recorded against Vibrio fluvialis (41.33 ± 1.15 mm), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (39.67 ± 0.58 mm), and Vibrio natrigens (36.67 ± 0.58 mm). At low concentration (MICs value from 0.023–0.046 mg/mL), cumin EO inhibited the growth of all Vibrio strains, and concentrations as low as 1.5 mg/mL were necessary to kill them (MBCs values from 1.5–12 mg/mL). Using four antioxidant assays, cumin EO exhibited a good result as compared to standard molecules (DPPH = 8 ± 0.54 mg/mL; reducing power = 3.5 ± 0.38 mg/mL; β-carotene = 3.8 ± 0.34 mg/mL; chelating power = 8.4 ± 0.14 mg/mL). More interestingly, at 2x MIC value, cumin EO inhibited the formation of biofilm by Vibrio alginolyticus (9.96 ± 1%), V. parahaemolyticus (15.45 ± 0.7%), Vibrio cholerae (14.9 ± 0.4%), and Vibrio vulnificus (18.14 ± 0.3%). In addition, cumin EO and cuminaldehyde inhibited the production of violacein on Lauria Bertani medium (19 mm and 35 mm, respectively). Meanwhile, 50% of violacein inhibition concentration (VIC50%) was about 2.746 mg/mL for cumin EO and 1.676 mg/mL for cuminaldehyde. Moreover, elastase and protease production and flagellar motility in P. aeruginosa were inhibited at low concentrations of cumin EO and cuminaldehyde. The adopted in-silico approach revealed good ADMET properties as well as a high binding score of the main compounds with target proteins (1JIJ, 2UV0, 1HD2, and 3QP1). Overall, the obtained results highlighted the effectiveness of cumin EO to prevent spoilage with Vibrio species and to interfere with the quorum sensing system in Gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting the flagellar motility, formation of biofilm, and the secretion of some virulence enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Nowadays, the use of natural compounds is considered as an effective strategy for maintaining the quality and heath promoting capacity of fresh products. Changes in quality parameters, main phenolics and antioxidants of sweet cherries in response to coating with a novel bioactive edible coating were studied. Fruit were treated with different concentrations of galbanum gum (GG), cumin essential oil (CEO) and CaCl2 (CA) and stored at 2 ± 1°C with 90–95% RH for 30 days plus 1 day at ambient condition, and were subjected to quality analysis. All phenolic constituents and antioxidants of fruit juice were substantially decreased during storage in control fruit and a bioactive coating containing 1 or 2% GG + 100 or 200 µL L−1 CEO + 1% CA maintained main fruit phytochemicals including phenolics, phenolic acids, flavonols, anti‐stress and antioxidant enzymes activities. The coating significantly (P ≤ 0.01) enhanced fruit total antioxidant activity, flavonoids and ferulic acid contents. The results showed that it is possible to enhance the sweet cherry fruit health‐promoting phytochemicals and shelf life by the use of a natural edible coating containing GG and CEO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activities of the essential oils (EO) from Cuminum cyminum and Laurus nobilis, and their respective principal compounds, cuminaldehyde and 1,8-cineole, were evaluated against fungi of the genus Aspergillus: A.carbonarius, A.niger, A.ochraceus and A.westerdijkiae. The antifungal activity was determined by the contact method and the mycelial growth of the fungi was evaluated. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) images were obtained to suggest modes of action of the compounds analyzed. The antimycotoxigenic activity was determined by HPLC. A.carbonarius was completely inhibited by cumin EO (500 µL L-1), by laurel EO and by cuminaldehyde (5000 µL L-1). The cumin EO (500 µL L-1) completely inhibited the growth of A.niger. All the samples inhibited the mycelial growth of A.ochraceus, especially cumin EO and cuminaldehyde (250 µL L-1). A.westerdijkiae was completely inhibited by cumin EO and cuminaldehyde (1000 µL L-1), by laurel EO and 1,8-cineole (10000 µL L-1). A decrease in the production of ochratoxin A (OTA) was observed post-treatment, except in A. ochraceus, only inhibited by laurel EO. SEM images showed morphological changes in fungal structures and spore inhibition post-treatment. The results confirmed the antifungal and antimycotoxigenic effect of EO and their principal constituents on fungi evaluated., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.)

Because of the medical importance of cumin as well as it being one of the food additives to many Saudi dishes, there was a need to study the fungal load of this type of spice. This study aimed to determine the mycological profile of the retail black and green cumin distributed in different markets at western region, Saudi Arabia, using the dilution plat method on dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar and incubation at 25°C. Using morphological criteria and molecular markers (internal transcribed spacer sequence), 39 species belonging to 18 genera were collected from different black cumin (33 species belonging to 17 genera) and green cumin (25 species belonging to 9 genera). Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Stemphylium botryosum were the most prevalent. Black cumin harbors fungal counts reaching 545 colony-forming units (CFU)/g, while green cumin included 500 CFU/g. Also, the natural occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A was also measured. Seventy-two cumin samples (90% of tested samples) showed toxin contamination. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A ranged from 9.35 to 3.9 PPB in black cumin samples and from 4.08 to 5.75 PPB in green cumin samples.

Abstract Background Edible oils have proven health benefits in the prevention and treatment of various disorders since the establishment of human era. This study was aimed to appraise neuropharmacological studies on the commonly used edible oils including Cinnamomum verum (CV), Zingiber officinale (ZO) and Cuminum cyminum (CC). Methods The oils were analyzed via GC-MS for identifications of bioactive compounds. Anti-radicals capacity of the oils were evaluated via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals scavenging assays. The samples were also tested against two important acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) which are among the important drug targets in Alzheimer’s disease. Lineweaver-Burk plots were constructed for enzyme inhibition studies which correspond to velocity of enzymes (Vmax) against the reciprocal of substrate concentration (K m ) in the presence of test samples and control drugs following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Docking studies on AChE target were also carried out using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE 2016.0802) software. Results (Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of thirty-four compounds in Cinnamon oil (Cv.Eo), fourteen in ginger oil (Zo.Eo) and fifty-six in cumin oil (Cc.Eo). In the antioxidant assays, Cv.Eo, Zo.Eo and Cc.Eo exhibited IC50 values of 85, 121, 280 μg/ml sequentially against DPPH radicals. Whereas, in ABTS assay, Cv.Eo, Zo.Eo and Cc.Eo showed considerable anti-radicals potentials with IC50 values of 93, 77 and 271 μg/ml respectively. Furthermore, Cv.Eo was highly active against AChE enzyme with IC50 of 21 μg/ml. Zo.Eo and Cc.Eo exhibited considerable inhibitory activities against AChE with IC50 values of 88 and 198 μg/ml respectively. In BChE assay, Cv.Eo, Zo.Eo and Cc.Eo exhibited IC50 values of 106, 101 and 37 μg/ml respectively. Our results revealed that these oils possess considerable antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory potentials. As functional foods these oils can be effective remedy for the prevention and management of neurological disorders including AD. Synergistic effect of all the identified compounds was determined via binding energy values computed through docking simulations. Binding orientations showed that all the compounds interact with amino acid residues present in the peripheral anionic site (PAS) and catalytic anionic site (CAS) amino acid residues, oxyanion hole and acyl pocket via π-π stacking interactions and hydrogen bond interactions.

In this research, we present a prototype optical system that offers significant advances in detecting hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ammonia (NH3) vapors. The system utilizes a natural pigment sensor based on Curcuma longa that is securely attached to a glass surface support. Through extensive development and testing with HCl (37% aqueous solution) and NH3 (29% aqueous solution) solutions, we have successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of our sensor. To facilitate the detection process, we have developed an injection system that exposes C. longa pigment films to the targeted vapors. The interaction between the vapors and the pigment films triggers a distinct color change, which is then analyzed by the detection system. By capturing the transmission spectra of the pigment film, our system allows a precise comparison of these spectra at different concentrations of the vapors. Our proposed sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity, allowing the detection of HCl at a concentration of 0.009 ppm using only 100 µL (2.3 mg) of pigment film. In addition, it can detect NH3 at a concentration of 0.03 ppm with a 400 µL (9.2 mg) pigment film. Integrating C. longa as a natural pigment sensor in an optical system opens up new possibilities for detecting hazardous gases. The simplicity and efficiency of our system, combined with its sensitivity, make it an attractive tool in environmental monitoring and industrial safety applications.

Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer and affects more than half of the world’s population. Although this infection can have serious consequences, no novel cure or remedy have been discovered, the present therapy still relies on a variety of known antibiotics and anti-secretory agents. In the present study, the potential effect of combinations between methanolic extracts of four Algerian medicinal plants, garlic (Allium sativum), red onion (Allium cepa), cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) and fenugreek (T. foenum-graecum L.), with different strains of lactic acid bacteria against H. pylori, was investigated. Similarly, the in vivo antibacterial effect of fenugreek extract combined with Bifidobacterium breve on H. pylori colonization potential to confirm the enhanced effect of the mixture was explored. Helicobacter pylori was inhibited by all combined mixtures of extracts and probiotics with varying results. The highest anti-H. pylori activities were found in fenugreek/B. breve, cumin/B. breve, garlic/B. breve and onion/B. breve combinations with inhibition diameters of 29, 26, 23 and 25 mm, respectively. Preliminary studies on the effect of probiotics against H. pylori revealed that the inhibition was due to lactic acid and bacteriocins and it was also related to the presence of phenolic compounds in the studied plants, such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin and vanillic acid. Fenugreek extract was found to inhibit the growth of H. pylori in a concentration-dependent manner. When H. pylori-infected rats were administered B. breve, the infection rate of H. pylori was significantly reduced, while the combination of B. breve and fenugreek extract effectively inhibited H. pylori. In addition, the B. breve and fenugreek extract mixture significantly reduced gastritis in H. pylori-infected rats. These results suggest that this complex mixture may be an alternative to treating diseases caused by H. pylori infection.

Cuminum cyminum L. (cumin) is an annual plant of the Umbelliferae family native to Egypt. We previously showed that the aqueous extract of cumin seeds suppresses degranulation by downregulating the activation of antigen-induced intracellular signaling molecules in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. However, the active substances in the extract have not yet been identified. Accordingly, herein, we aimed to ascertain the water-soluble substances present in cumin seeds that inhibit degranulation, which led to the identification of umbelliferose, a characteristic trisaccharide present in plants of the Umbelliferae family. Our study is the first to reveal the degranulation-suppressing activity of umbelliferose, and quantification studies suggest that cumin seed powder contains 1.6% umbelliferose. Raffinose, an isomer of umbelliferose, was also found to significantly suppress antigen-induced degranulation, but less so than umbelliferose. Both umbelliferose and raffinose contain sucrose subunits in their structures, with galactose moieties bound at different sites. These differences in structure suggest that the binding of galactose to the sucrose subunit at the α1-2 bond contributes to its strong degranulation-inhibiting properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the extraction of fixed oil, preparation of alcoholic extract and separation of phenolic compounds from the seeds of the local cumin plant and their diagnosis by HPLC technique, the diagnosis showed that the seeds of the plant contain phenolic compounds (Chlorogenic acid, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Caffeic acid and Apigenin). The study included comparing the inhibitory effect of the fixed oil, alcoholic extract and phenolic compounds of the free radical DPPH at concentrations of (400) µg/ml and comparing them with the synthetic antioxidant ascorbic acid. (98.03)%. And the least significant results in the inhibition of free radicals are for the fixed oil at a concentration of (100 and 200) µg/ml with percentages of (73.5%, 78.6%), respectively. The results determined that the higher the concentration of the compounds in general, the greater the inhibition of free radicals, because these high concentrations of hydrogen proton contained in high proportions, which caused the stability of free radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, anaesthetic effects of cumin and lavender essential oils by comparing with clove oil were determined on common carp. Fish (mean weight of 10 g) were exposed to nine concentrations of essential oils (5–500 mg L−1). Anaesthesia induction, recovery times and mean lethal dose of essential oils (10 min LC50 concentration) were evaluated separately for each fish. In addition, histopathological effects of essential oils on the fish tissues including hepatopancreas, gill and skin were investigated. The results showed that when the dose of essential oils increased, the time to anaesthesia induction was shortened and the time to recovery from anaesthesia was prolonged. Cumin essential oil at 300 mg L−1 dose and lavender oil at 400 mg L−1 dose on common carp showed similar anaesthetic effects (sedative and deep anaesthesia) to clove oil (p >.05). At these concentrations, sedative (Stage 2) and deep anaesthesia (Stage 4) induction times were 105 and 187.5 s for cumin and 94 and 194 s for lavender respectively. Recovery times at these concentrations were 415 s for cumin and 477.5 s for lavender. Mean lethal dose of essential oils for carp were found as 450 mg L−1 for cumin oil and 500 mg L−1 for lavender oil. Histopathological examination revealed no lesion in gill, skin and hepatopancreas in essential oils group. In the light of these findings, it was determined that lavender and cumin oils can be used as effective and safe anaesthetic in common carp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of sumac, cumin, black pepper and red pepper diethyl ether extracts on the growth of eight foodborne pathogens (FBP) and their biogenic amine (BA) production were investigated in histidine decarboxylase broth. The antimicrobial effect was determined by the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (MBC) concentrations. Sumac extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against FBP. Enterococcus faecalis and Aeromonas hydrophila were the most susceptible strains to sumac extract. The MBC of spice extracts on the FBP was generally above 50 mg/mL. Cumin extract was the most effective in decreasing bacterial loads, inhibiting significantly the microbial growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Campylobacter jejuni and A. hydrophila. Histamine production ranged from 0.14 (Yersinia enterocolitica) to 39.29 mg/L (S. aureus). Cumin extract significantly inhibited the histamine formation by S. aureus and Salmonella paratyphi A. Black and red pepper extracts promoted the histamine formation by most of FBP under scrutiny. Red pepper extract generally increased formation of BA, while sumac and cumin extracts proved to be the most effective antimicrobials and BA formation inhibitors. This research study allowed to conclude that sumac and cumin extracts can be used as natural preservatives in the agro-food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): Encapsulation of essential oils (EOs) into the nano-carrier leads to reduced EOs volatility and oxidation, as well as increased therapeutic efficiency. This study assessed the chemical composition and cytotoxic effects of cumin essential oil (CEO) and nano-encapsulation cumin essential oil (NECEO) against three cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulations were evaluated for their size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency (EE). Isolation of the CEO and NECEO and their chemical composition were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Cytotoxicity of CEO and NECEO against human lung cancer (A549), human breast cancer (MCF7), and human prostate cancer (PC3) was examined using MTT assay. Results: Our findings showed that in CEO and NECEO, the major component was cuminaldehyde (24.5 and 26.0%, respectively). GC/MS analysis of NECEO chemical composition exposed 27 components in EOs accounting for 91.5 and 98.9% of CEO and NECEO, respectively. The results showed that solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) induced the concentration of the main volatile components. Based on the characterization of SLN, the EE percent ranged from 23.00±4.1% to 96.21±5.5%. The loading capacity (LC) of NECEO ranged between 0.00±0.0 to 7.05±0.5%. Moreover, the yield of NECEO was 79.14%. Based on results, Z-average, polydispersity index, and zeta potentials of formulation were 1252±21.4 nm, 0.423±0.03, and 17±0.52, respectively. The IC50 value of NECEO (after 48 h) against MCF7, A549, and PC3 (108, 213, and 124 µg/mL, respectively) was significantly lower than CEO (231, 219, and 325 µg/mL, respectively). Conclusion: The results suggested that NECEO can be regarded as a promising nutrient source. These observations could be used as a basis for future experiments to further evaluate potential nanoparticles and other medicinal plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils have been proposed as promising non-toxic transdermal permeation enhancers. Their use is limited because of their low water solubility. The use of nanotechnology-based strategies is one of the ways to overcome this limitation. This study aimed to explore the transdermal permeation enhancing capability of cumin essential oil in nanoemulgel systems containing diclofenac sodium. Cumin essential oil nanoemulsion was produced by high-pressure homogenization technique. The formulation was optimized by changing HLB values in a range of 9.65–16.7 using different surfactant mixtures, namely, Tween 20, Tween 80, and Span 80. Preparations were characterized by polydispersity index, droplet size, and zeta potential. Nanoemulsion with concentrations of 2 and 4% essential oil was incorporated into 0.75% Carbopol gel matrix to make nanoemulgel formulation, and its permeation enhancing effect was performed through Franz diffusion cells. Antinociceptive activities of the formulations were measured in thermal (tail-flick) and chemical (formalin) models of nociception in mice. Characterization exhibited that at HLB value of 9.65, the smallest particle size (82.20 ± 5.82 nm) was formed. By increasing the essential oil percentage in the nanoemulgel from 1 to 2%, the permeation of diclofenac increased from 28.39 ± 1.23 to 34.75 ± 1.07 µg/cm2 at 24 h. The value of permeation from the simple gel (21.18 ± 2.51 µg/cm2) and the marketed product (22.97 ± 1.92 µg/cm2) was lower than the formulations containing essential oil. Nanoemulgel of diclofenac containing essential oil showed stronger antinociceptive effects in formalin and tail-flick tests than simple diclofenac gel and marketed formulation. In conclusion, the study proved that nanoemulgel formulation containing cumin essential oil could be considered as a promising skin enhancer to enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study total seventeen experiments, based on Box-Behnken design were carried out to analyze the impact of process parameter, i.e., microwave power (watt), time (min), oil concentration (%), and 15 days storage period on responses chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), IC50 and total color difference (TCD) of cumin, black pepper incorporated coriander paste. It was analyzed that all three process parameters significantly (p < 0.001, p < 0.01) affected the responses at a linear, quadratic, and interactive level. Optimized cumin, black pepper, and mustard oil incorporated coriander leaves paste were obtained at microwave power (300 watts), time (2 min), and oil concentration (1.5%), FTIR and GC–MS analysis were also done with optimized paste. The experimental values of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, TPC, TFC, IC50, and TCD of optimized cumin, black pepper incorporated coriander paste was 7.76 mg/g, 3.5 mg/g, 20.87 mg GAE/g, 22.55 mg CE/g, 2.43, and 33.89 respectively. During 15 days storage period at refrigeration temperature, it was observed that values of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, TPC, TFC, IC50, and TCD for the optimized coriander paste decreased significantly and found microbiologically safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an edible composite coating of chitosan and galbanum gum containing cumin essential oil (CEO) was used to increase the shelf life of chicken fillets during a 12-day refrigeration period (4 ± 1 °C). In order to achieve the optimal concentration of essential oil, antioxidant (free radical scavenging DPPH) and antimicrobial properties (MIC and MBC values) were determined. Then, chicken fillet coated with chitosan and galbanum gum (individually and in combination), and different concentrations of CEO (0.75 and 1.5%) was periodically evaluated chemically, microbiologically and sensory. IC50 values of DPPH free radical was to 45.32 μg/ml for CEO, and MIC and MBC values for different bacteria were 37.15–5.25 and 50–25 μg/ml, respectively. As results of coated chicken fillets showed that the composite coating with CEO effectively inhibited microbial load (total bacterial counts, psychrotrophic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, yeast and mold) in chicken fillet (P < 0.05). The results of the chemical analysis showed that the coated samples had less peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid, and total volatile basic nitrogen than the control (P < 0.05). At the end of the storage period, the best results were observed in the composite coating containing CEO at 1.5% and were approved by sensory evaluators, thus this study suggests that utilization of this treatment (composite coating containing CEO at 1.5%) can maintain the quality and enhance the shelf life of chicken fillets during refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Medicinal plants are consumed in the form of dried or canned or fresh plants or processed by heating or extraction of effective substances in the industry. "Cumin" can be used for medicinal, edible and beauty purposes in various forms such as fruit, Cumin powder, Distillate, oil and essential oil. Materials and Methods: In this research, we used the data collected by collecting 270 questionnaire in 2019 and using the multinomial logit model, to investigate the factors that influence on the selection of Cumin derivatives' consumption in Mashhad. Findings: Results showed that the variables of education, employment, income, illness, consumption experience, knowledge of the price and properties of Medicinal Plants, the preferences of Medicinal medicines than chemical medicines, packing and Prices affect the selection of different Cumin's derivatives. Conclusion: Therefore, it is suggested that marketing for Cumin derivatives be based on the preferences and characteristics of the consumers in each market. It also promote consumption and increase medicinal plants' use in the community by increasing individuals' awareness, providing counseling services through centers, traditional medicine physicians, and also the expansion of the use of information resources in the field of medicinal plants, especially Cumin. Also, by improving the quality of packaging, it increased the willingness of people to use medicinal plants' products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cuminum cyminum L. is one of the most widely consumed spices worldwide and in Turkey. This spice, whose cultivation sites and volume are continually changing annually, is essential, particularly in dry areas. In this research, nationwide seeds cultivated in India, Iran, Syria, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Turkey (Denizli Province) were used. This study was carried out in the production season of 2020-2021 in Bekilli city of Denizli province as a randomized block design with three replications. In this study, plant height (cm), the number of branches per plant (number), the number of umbels per plant (number), the number of umbellates per plant (number), the number of seeds per umbellate (number), the weight of 1000 seeds (grams), the seed yield (kg/da-1), fixed oil ratio (%) and fixed oil yield (%) of cumin plant were determined. The results of the two-year study have been determined as follows: plant height was 24.72 cm, the number of branches was 5.96, the number of umbels was 33.86, the number of umbellate per umbel was 3.63, the number of seeds was per umbellate 4.82, the weight of 1000 seeds was 3.4 g, seed yield was 59.88 kg/da-1, fixed oil ratio was 11.28%, the fixed oil yield was 6.67 kg/da-1. Türkiye (Denizli) population has reached higher values than other populations in terms of yield and quality characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeds are major sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds for human beings. In this work, the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of 155 Indian seeds (belonging to 49 families) are reported. Moisture and ash were measured with reference protocols from AOAC; total polyphenols and flavonoids were measured with spectrophotometric methods after extraction with organic solvents, and mineral elements were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry. Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and mineral contents (Al, Ba, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Rb, S, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) were found to vary in the ranges 182–5000, 110–4465 and 687–7904 mg/100 g (DW), respectively. Noticeably, polyphenol contents higher than 2750 mg/100 g were observed in 18 seeds. In addition, mineral contents >5000 mg/100 g were detected in the seeds from Cuminum cyminum, Foeniculum vulgare, Commiphora wightii, Parkia javanica, Putranjiva roxburghii, Santalum album and Strychnos potatorum. Botanical and taxonomical variations in the proximate characteristics of the examined seeds are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editorial team greatly appreciates the goodwill, time and effort that goes into writing these reviews and I would like to thank all those who reviewed for the CED last year. Successful and reliable publishing is dependent on expert, objective and timely peer review. [Extracted from the article]