3,216 results on '"COMMUNICATION & society"'
Search Results
152. Learning How to Influence Others: A Training Module and Experiential Exercise.
- Author
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Gibson, Lindsey A. and Chavez, Carolyn I.
- Subjects
COMMUNICATION & psychology ,COMMUNICATION planning ,PERSUASION (Psychology) ,COMMUNICATION & society ,CONTENT analysis - Abstract
Effective leaders in the 21st century must be able to elicit desired changes through one-on-one dialogues, in small groups, and through speeches as well as other communication channels directed at broader audiences. Unfortunately, knowledge about influence tactics does not necessarily translate into effective usage. Therefore, we developed a training module and experiential exercise that provide participants, as influence agents, practice using 11 proactive influence tactics. The module also provides participants, as targets, practice in identifying uses of the tactics in various real-life situations. The authors developed training materials and instructions to help participants gain a deeper understanding of the influence process. Materials provided for instructors include an interactive student handout, a two-part homework assignment including a solutions key, a list of sample scenarios, and a list of tactics to be used in the exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
153. Pitfalls on our “New Royal Road”: Commentary on Paper by Joyce Slochower.
- Author
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Berman, Emanuel
- Subjects
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EMOTIONAL trauma , *TREATMENT of emotional trauma , *COMMUNICATION & society , *PATIENTS ,MENTAL health & society - Abstract
In discussing Joyce Slochower’s paper “Going Too Far: Relational Heroines and Relational Excess,” (this issue) the author welcomes its self-critical emphasis, suggesting that analysts from all schools of thought benefit more from noticing the risks and pitfalls in their own approach—thus becoming able to improve their own clinical work—than from polemically highlighting what is faulty in other, competing approaches. Such polemics run a risk of their own: turning our theoretical homes into theoretical fortresses, and blocking richer communication among analysts. He shares the concern about some specific attributes of relational and intersubjective clinical work but relates many of the issues raised by Slochower to tensions and dilemmas present in older models of the analytic relationship as well, offering examples from the work of Freud, Ferenczi, Balint, Winnicott, and Racker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
154. Observed and Parent-Report Measures of Social Communication in Toddlers With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder Across Race/Ethnicity.
- Author
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Stronach, Sheri T. and Wetherby, Amy M.
- Subjects
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COMMUNICATIVE competence in children , *COMMUNICATIVE competence , *TODDLERS , *COMMUNICATION & society , *CHILDREN with autism spectrum disorders , *HISPANIC American children , *WHITE children , *BLACK children , *SOCIAL history , *SCIENTIFIC observation , *COMMUNICATION , *AUTISM , *BLACK people , *HISPANIC Americans , *MOTHERS , *PARENTS , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RACE , *RESEARCH funding , *SOCIAL skills , *WHITE people , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *EFFECT sizes (Statistics) , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHILDREN ,MEANS of communication for autistic children - Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated whether measures of early social communication vary among young children of diverse racial/ethnic status with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method: Participants were 364 toddlers between ages 18 and 36 months with a diagnosis of ASD confirmed (n = 195) or ruled out (n = 169), from 3 racial/ethnic categories: nonHispanic White (n = 226), non-Hispanic Black (n = 74), and Hispanic (n = 64). Group differences in social communication were examined using an observational measure—the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Behavior Sample (CSBS-BS; Wetherby & Prizant, 2002)—and a parent-report measure, the Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders (Wetherby, Woods, & Lord, 2007). Results: Controlling for maternal education, children with ASD scored significantly lower on the CSBS-BS than children without, indicating poorer social communication skills, and higher on the Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders, indicating more ASD features. Racial/ethnic groups did not differ on 6 CSBS-BS clusters, but Non-Hispanic White toddlers scored significantly higher than both other groups on the Understanding cluster. There were no significant Diagnosis × Race/Ethnicity interactions. Conclusion: These findings indicate good agreement between observed and parent-report measures in this sample. Results suggest that the CSBS-BS and Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders could be viable tools in the detection process for toddlers with ASD in these racial/ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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155. Headquarters of International Organizations as Portals of Globalization: The African Union Commission and its Peace and Security Policies.
- Author
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Engel, Ulf
- Subjects
GLOBALIZATION ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,RETERRITORIALIZATION ,COMMUNICATION & society ,BUSINESS partnerships - Abstract
Copyright of Comparativ: Leipziger Beiträge zur Universalgeschichte und Vergleichenden Gesellschaftsforschung is the property of Leipziger Universitaetsverlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
156. Han'ın Mutfağından Bahçesaray'daki Kölelere:Toplumsal İlişkilerin Odağında Kilercibaşı Mehmed Ağa.
- Author
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Yaşa, Fırat
- Subjects
COMMUNICATION & society ,GROUP identity ,SOCIAL conditions in Turkey ,SOCIAL status - Abstract
Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
157. The Viability of Using Rapid Judgments as a Method of Deception Detection.
- Author
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Dunbar, Norah E., Jensen, Matthew L., Harvell-Bowman, Lindsey A., Kelley, Katherine M., and Burgoon, Judee K.
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TRUTHFULNESS & falsehood ,IMPOSTORS & imposture ,COMMUNICATIVE competence ,COMMUNICATION & society ,NONVERBAL cues - Abstract
Rapid Judgments (RJs) are quick assessments based on indirect verbal and nonverbal cues that are known to be associated with deception. RJs are advantageous because they eliminate the need for expensive detection equipment and only require minimal training for coders with relatively accurate judgments. Results of testing on two different datasets showed that trained coders were reliably making RJs after watching both long and short interaction segments but their judgments were not more accurate than the expert interviewers. The RJs did not discriminate between truth and deception as hypothesized. This raises more questions about the conditions under which making RJs from verbal and nonverbal cues achieves accurate detection of veracity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2017
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158. Characterizing social communication changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
- Author
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Fisher, Fiona, Philpott, April, Andrews, Sophie C., Maule, Roxanne, and Douglas, Jacinta
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AMYOTROPHIC lateral sclerosis , *COMMUNICATION & society , *COMMUNICATIVE disorders , *SOCIAL perception , *MOTOR neuron diseases , *PATIENTS , *COGNITION , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *PROBABILITY theory , *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *SELF-evaluation , *T-test (Statistics) , *CONTROL groups , *HUMAN research subjects , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *DISEASE complications , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Background Speech and language impairments are well-established in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, knowledge about particular aspects of social communication and everyday conversational abilities is limited. Aims To investigate self- and informant-report ratings of social communicative abilities in ALS participants and matched healthy controls. Methods & Procedures Thirty-two participants with ALS and 24 controls completed the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ). Participants nominated a close other to provide an informant report on the LCQ. Demographic and clinical information was also collected. Outcomes & Results Informant ratings indicated greater difficulties in conversational initiation, effectiveness and partner sensitivity for ALS participants compared with controls. ALS participants did not rate their social communicative abilities as poorer than controls and self-reports only differed from informant ratings in the control group. LCQ scores were not significantly correlated with clinical/functional variables. Conclusions & Implications Social communication can be reduced in ALS and individuals may lack insight into these difficulties. In order to understand and provide targeted interventions for such difficulties, clinical speech and language assessment should incorporate social communication assessment, including both a self- and informant-report format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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159. SISTEMA DE ACCIONES PARA LA FORMACIÓN DE VALORES ÉTICO - PROFESIONALES EN LA CARRERA DE COMUNICACIÓN SOCIAL.
- Author
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García González, C. Máryuri and Fernández García, Renier Helvio
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COMMUNICATION & society , *VALUES (Ethics) , *ETHICS , *NEOLIBERALISM , *COLLEGE students , *SOCIAL reality - Abstract
The ethical formation of values - professionals for the students of the career of Social Communication constitute a challenge, a challenge in times where every time is more growing the crisis of values in a neoliberal society. Nevertheless the present investigation seeks to go into in the ethical process of formation of values - professionals, demonstrating its importance in the professional formation of the specialist future in social communication. They are carried out taxes to the theory and the practice of this process, as well as to the knowledge of the social reality where he/she keeps in mind the context. The design of a system of educational actions guided to the formation of values ethical professionals of the Graduate in Social Communication of the University of Pinar del Río constitutes the essence of the results, not seeking with it alone to elevate the professional quality, but elevating the moral quality of the graduate ones of the mentioned career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
160. Emotional Competence Disorders and Social Communication in Young Victims of Abuse.
- Author
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Moreno-Manso, Juan, García-Baamonde, M, Guerrero-Barona, Eloísa, and Pozueco-Romero, José
- Subjects
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ABUSED children , *COMMUNICATION & society , *AFFECTIVE disorders , *CHILD abuse , *EMPATHY , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *EMOTIONAL intelligence - Abstract
This research analyses the emotional competence difficulties (measured through emotional intelligence and empathy) and social communication disorders of young victims of abuse. These minors are in residential care centres with protective measures after suffering maltreatment and/or neglect. The relation between their emotional competence and social communication is analysed, as well as the contribution of empathy and emotional intelligence in predicting their social communication. The results indicate that a lack of emotional competence is related to and can predict their difficulties in social communication. The study manifests a scarcity of emotional intelligence, affecting attention, emotional repair and clarity of feelings, as well as a deterioration in affective and cognitive empathy. The minors' scarce ability to put themselves in the place of others, to understand others' intentions and emotional states, limits their use of language in social interactions. The research stresses the need to set up intervention programmes aimed at training in interpersonal and intrapersonal emotional competences which can encourage social communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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161. Surveillance, Classification, and Social Inequality in Informational Capitalism: The Relevance of Exploitation in the Context of Markets in Information.
- Author
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Sevignani, Sebastian
- Subjects
PREDICTION markets ,CLASSIFICATION ,EQUALITY & society ,MASS surveillance ,CAPITALISM & society ,COMMUNICATION & society ,EXPLOITATION of humans - Abstract
»Überwachung, Klassifikation und soziale Ungleichheit im informationellen Kapitalismus: Die Relevanz der Ausbeutung im Kontext der Informationsmärkte «. This contribution deals with classification processes as an element of surveillance in the context of the growing relevance of (online) markets in information and the blurring line between production and consumption in current informational capitalist societies. Using the example of social media, I argue that classification does not only appear as feature of the demand and supply side of information markets but is also an aspect of informational production. In doing so, the paper discusses insights from critical surveillance and advertising studies and relates it to important strands of class theory in order to learn about the social mechanism that establishes inequality between Internet service owners and users. The paper argues that a (revised) notion of exploitation and antagonistic social relations should not be omitted from theorizing the information economy. Exploitation establishes an antagonism between all Internet users and the owners of the means of communication, surveillance, and classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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162. Functional Communication Training in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
- Author
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Battaglia, Dana
- Subjects
COMMUNICATION & society ,LEARNING ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,PARENT-child relationships ,SOCIAL interaction - Published
- 2017
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163. Coaching Parents to Use Naturalistic Language and Communication Strategies.
- Author
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Akamoglu, Yusuf and Dinnebeil, Laurie
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COMMUNICATION & society ,LANGUAGE acquisition ,EVOLUTIONARY ethics ,DEVELOPMENTAL delay ,SOCIAL interaction - Published
- 2017
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164. Impact of Communication Technology on Global Creative Trends.
- Author
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Nam-Hyun Um
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGY & society ,COMMUNICATION & society ,SOCIAL media ,STORYTELLING ,SOCIAL responsibility of business - Abstract
This study attempts to explain how communication technology impacts global creative trends. We explore global creative trends based on award-winning creative topics presented at the 2016 Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. After analyzing award-winning topics, five main creative trends were selected with the keywords: technology, story-telling, social media, causes, and humor. The 2016 Cannes Lions Festival demonstrated that technology (i.e., virtual reality, artificial intelligence) has expanded the limits of creativity. Story-telling is still considered to be effective for raising audience attention. Social media enhances consumer engagement while nurturing future consumer relationships. Supporting social causes allows companies to garner goodwill from the public. Humor is powerful when it appropriately appeals to both products and customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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165. Interprofessional education for internationally educated health professionals: an environmental scan.
- Author
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Arain, Mubashir, Suter, Esther, Mallinson, Sara, Hepp, Shelanne L., Deutschlander, Siegrid, Nanayakkara, Shyama Dilani, Harrison, Elizabeth Louise, Mickelson, Grace, Bainbridge, Lesley, and Grymonpre, Ruby E.
- Subjects
INTERPROFESSIONAL education ,ENVIRONMENTAL scanning (Business) ,INFORMATION services in education ,MEDICAL care ,COMMUNICATION & society - Abstract
Objective: The objective of this environmental scan was to identify Western Canadian interprofessional education (IPE) resources that currently exist for internationally educated health professionals (IEHPs). Methodology: A web-based search was conducted to identify learning resources meeting defined inclusion criteria with a particular focus on the resources available in the Western Canadian provinces. Information was extracted using a standardized template, and we contacted IEHP programs for additional information if necessary. Members of the research team reviewed preliminary findings, identified missing information from their respective provinces, and contacted organizations to fill in any gaps. Results: The scan identified 26 learning resources for IEHPs in Western Canadian provinces and 15 in other provinces focused on support for IEHPs to meet their profession-specific licensing requirements and to acquire knowledge and competencies relevant to working in the Canadian health care system. Most learning resources, such as those found in bridging programs for IEHPs, included an orientation to the Canadian health care system, components of cultural competence, and at least one aspect of interprofessional competence (eg, communication skills). None of the 41 learning resources provided comprehensive training for IEHPs to cover the six interprofessional competency domains defined in the Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative (CIHC) National Interprofessional Competency Framework. Conclusion: The IEHPs learning resources in Western Canada do not cover all of the interprofessional competencies. This review points to the value of developing a comprehensive IPE curriculum, based on the six domains identified in the CIHC National Interprofessional Competency Framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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166. Trust and agency in the context of communication.
- Author
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Demolombe, Robert
- Subjects
COMMUNICATION & society ,PHILOSOPHICAL analysis ,MODAL logic ,NONCLASSICAL mathematical logic ,HYPOTHESIS - Abstract
The communication process is analysed on the basis of the notions of trust and agency. The aim of the paper is to clarify the role played by causality on the one hand and the role played by logical consequences of assumptions about trust in information sources on the other hand. The first part is informal and the second part refers to the logical framework of modal logic though it requires a quite limited background in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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167. Audience gestures and horizon of expectations in Israeli theatre.
- Author
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Shem-Tov, Naphtaly
- Subjects
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THEATER , *AUDIENCES , *GESTURE , *ACTING , *COMMUNICATION & society - Abstract
Dennis Kennedy deals with the issue of constructing spectators’ subjectivity, suggesting the term ‘audience gestures’ to explain the complicated behaviour of spectators and focusing on the active bodily dimension of reception (e.g., applause, cheering, booing, hissing). In his view, audience gestures construct the subjectivity of the spectators in terms of social and cultural identities, though they depend on the ‘horizon of expectations’ – the sociopolitical, cultural and aesthetical baggage of the audience. In contrast, this article argues that it is the performance that mostly directs and even programmes audience gestures, which in turn construct the spectators’ subjectivity or identity. By way of exemplifying how the ‘horizon of expectations’ directs the ‘audience gestures,’ this article will discuss audience behaviour in two Israeli theatrical productions – one dealing with secular Jewish identity, the other with Mizrhai ethnic identity – in terms of constructed social identities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2017
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168. Walking & talking: making strange encounters within the familiar.
- Author
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Ramsden, Hilary
- Subjects
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WALKING , *STRANGERS , *COMMUNICATION & society , *OPERANT behavior , *NEIGHBORHOODS - Abstract
This article outlines the creation and testing of a practice-as-research methodology that investigates whether introducing playful interventions into a habitual cultural practice – in this case, walking – can heighten an individual’s openness to encountering the strange and unfamiliar, with a view to increasing receptivity for communication and dialogue. The focus on physical movement as trigger for intellectual, psychological or emotional change distinguishes this research from other, more conceptual, ideational strategies. The methodology emerges from a performing arts practice centred around notions of play and draws on contemporary geographical discourses concerned with relationships to place as well as on qualitative methods of inquiry. Creating a series of experiments and interventions to look anew at our surroundings, the research locates itself within practices that are concerned with critically exploring the cultural geographies of cities through performative and affectual approaches. The article examines some of the empirical findings of the research specifically related to negotiating encounters across difference presented by the other articles in this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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169. Emotional prosody processing in autism spectrum disorder.
- Author
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Rosenblau, Gabriela, Kliemann, Dorit, Dziobek, Isabel, and Heekeren, Hauke R.
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AUTISM spectrum disorders , *EMOTIONS , *COMMUNICATION & society , *BRAIN imaging , *BRAIN physiology , *PATIENTS - Abstract
Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are characterized by severe deficits in social communication, whereby the nature of their impairments in emotional prosody processing have yet to be specified. Here, we investigated emotional prosody processing in individuals with ASD and controls with novel, lifelike behavioral and neuroimaging paradigms. Compared to controls, individuals with ASD showed reduced emotional prosody recognition accuracy on a behavioral task. On the neural level, individuals with ASD displayed reduced activity of the STS, insula and amygdala for complex vs basic emotions compared to controls. Moreover, the coupling between the STS and amygdala for complex vs basic emotions was reduced in the ASD group. Finally, groups differed with respect to the relationship between brain activity and behavioral performance. Brain activity during emotional prosody processing was more strongly related to prosody recognition accuracy in ASD participants. In contrast, the coupling between STS and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity predicted behavioral task performance more strongly in the control group. These results provide evidence for aberrant emotional prosody processing of individuals with ASD. They suggest that the differences in the relationship between the neural and behavioral level of individuals with ASD may account for their observed deficits in social communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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170. Absence makes the heart grow fonder: social compensation when failure to interact risks weakening a relationship.
- Author
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Dunbar, Robin, Bhattacharya, Kunal, Ghosh, Asim, Monsivais, Daniel, and Kaski, Kimmo
- Subjects
SOCIAL networks ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,SOCIAL bonds ,COMMUNICATION & society ,RANDOMIZATION (Statistics) - Abstract
Social networks require active relationship maintenance if they are to be kept at a constant level of emotional closeness. For primates, including humans, failure to interact leads inexorably to a decline in relationship quality, and a consequent loss of the benefits that derive from individual relationships. As a result, many social species compensate for weakened relationships by investing more heavily in them. Here we study how humans behave in similar situations, using data from mobile call detail records from a European country. For the less frequent contacts between pairs of communicating individuals we observe a logarithmic dependence of the duration of the succeeding call on the time gap with the previous call. We find that such behaviour is likely when the individuals in these dyadic pairs have the same gender and are in the same age bracket as well as being geographically distant. Our results indicate that these pairs deliberately invest more time in communication so as to reinforce their social bonding and prevent their relationships decaying when these are threatened by lack of interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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171. O movimento pela democratização da comunicação no Brasil e a luta por políticas públicas na área: aproximações com a Folkcomunicação.
- Author
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Demarchi, Carlos Henrique and Miceli Kerbauy, Maria Teresa
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- *
DEMOCRATIZATION , *CIVIL society , *SOCIAL marginality , *GOVERNMENT policy , *COMMUNICATION & society - Abstract
In an approximation with the folk communicational approaches, this article proposes to discuss the demands of the Brazilian social movement for the democratization of communication, which seeks, with the government, the guarantee of democratic spaces for marginalized groups and the implementation of public policies for the area. The methodology is based on bibliographical research, survey and document analysis of the movement for democratization. It is concluded that the initiative is an alternative that emerges from civil society and contributes to the circulation of counter-hegemonic ideas to the dominant media system.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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172. LA COMUNICACIÓN PARA LA PAZ COMO HERRAMIENTA DE TRANSFORMACIÓN SOCIAL.
- Author
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Espinoza Bonifaz, Augusto Renzo and Ciencias Penales, Maestro en
- Subjects
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SOCIAL change , *COMMUNICATION & society , *PEACE , *MASS media & society , *SOCIAL control - Abstract
This article proposes to use the concept of communication for peace as a tool to improve the quality of information disseminated by the media. Firstly, it seeks to build a definition of communication for peace, and establish the minimum standards that this type of social communication matters. Then, it is intended to establish certain criteria to identify their presence in the media, and propose reforms in the respective public policies, but not before performing an analysis using statistics on the current situation of our radio and television. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
173. Plastic semiotics: From visuality to all the senses.
- Author
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Žemaitytė, Gintautė
- Subjects
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SEMIOTICS , *COMMUNICATION & society , *PLASTIC analysis (Engineering) , *STRUCTURALISM (Literary analysis) , *SENSORY perception & society , *EDUCATION - Abstract
The article's aim is to present plastic semiotics, one of the most recent branches of the Greimassian School. In his Structural Semantics: An Attempt at a Method (1966) Algirdas Julius Greimas stated that sensorial perception was the dimension in which the grasping of meaning takes place, but explicit principles of the analysis of this nonlinguistic dimension were published only years later, in his article "Figurative semiotics and plastic semiotics" (1984). Since then, plastic semiotics has been leading independent existence, focused on the effects of sense generated by the form and the substance of expression. Plastic analysis has turned out to be a fruitful approach not only in the field of visual studies, but also in the research into other sensorial expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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174. La comunicación como unidad de análisis en Luhmann y Habermas.
- Author
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Pignuoli-Ocampo, Sergio
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNICATION & society , *SOCIAL theory , *SOCIOLOGY , *SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
The present paper compares the commuicative definitions of “the social” proposed by Niklas Luhmann and Jürgen Habermas from a systematic perspective. From the results reached, the reciprocal receptions between the authors are discussed and a renewed theoretical interpretation of divergences and convergences is proposed. The hypothesis of the work states that Habermas and Luhmann, based in the concept of communication, converge in a radically dyadic and multi-leveled conception of the sociological analytical unit, however they diverge in its analytical segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
175. Making friends on the fly: Cooperating with new teammates.
- Author
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Barrett, Samuel, Rosenfeld, Avi, Kraus, Sarit, and Stone, Peter
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ROBOT control systems , *ROBOT design & construction , *COMMUNICATION & society , *INTERNET protocols , *AD hoc computer networks - Abstract
Robots are being deployed in an increasing variety of environments for longer periods of time. As the number of robots grows, they will increasingly need to interact with other robots. Additionally, the number of companies and research laboratories producing these robots is increasing, leading to the situation where these robots may not share a common communication or coordination protocol. While standards for coordination and communication may be created, we expect that robots will need to additionally reason intelligently about their teammates with limited information. This problem motivates the area of ad hoc teamwork in which an agent may potentially cooperate with a variety of teammates in order to achieve a shared goal. This article focuses on a limited version of the ad hoc teamwork problem in which an agent knows the environmental dynamics and has had past experiences with other teammates, though these experiences may not be representative of the current teammates. To tackle this problem, this article introduces a new general-purpose algorithm, PLASTIC, that reuses knowledge learned from previous teammates or provided by experts to quickly adapt to new teammates. This algorithm is instantiated in two forms: 1) PLASTIC-Model – which builds models of previous teammates' behaviors and plans behaviors online using these models and 2) PLASTIC-Policy – which learns policies for cooperating with previous teammates and selects among these policies online. We evaluate PLASTIC on two benchmark tasks: the pursuit domain and robot soccer in the RoboCup 2D simulation domain. Recognizing that a key requirement of ad hoc teamwork is adaptability to previously unseen agents, the tests use more than 40 previously unknown teams on the first task and 7 previously unknown teams on the second. While PLASTIC assumes that there is some degree of similarity between the current and past teammates' behaviors, no steps are taken in the experimental setup to make sure this assumption holds. The teammates were created by a variety of independent developers and were not designed to share any similarities. Nonetheless, the results show that PLASTIC was able to identify and exploit similarities between its current and past teammates' behaviors, allowing it to quickly adapt to new teammates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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176. O conceito de "ação comunicativa fraca" na teoria de Habermas.
- Author
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Saturnino Braga, Antonio
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COMMUNICATION & society ,TRUTHFULNESS & falsehood ,DIALECTIC ,COMPREHENSION (Theory of knowledge) - Abstract
Copyright of Veritas is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
177. Teaching Current Events and Media Literacy: Critical Thinking, Effective Communication, and Active Citizenship.
- Author
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LeCompte, Karon, Blevins, Brooke, and Ray, Brandi
- Subjects
CURRENT events education ,CITIZENSHIP ,MEDIA literacy ,CRITICAL thinking ,COMMUNICATION & society - Published
- 2017
178. REMOTE DETECTION AND TRACKING OF ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION FOR CAR DRIVERS.
- Author
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DRĂGHICI, Andreea and BĂLAN, Titus
- Subjects
COMMUNICATION & society ,COMMUNICATION & culture ,DATA recorders & recording ,DATA transmission systems ,DATA acquisition systems - Abstract
As driving under the influence of alcohol is the main cause of fatal vehicle accidents, a reliable method for alcohol testing and data recording, without the possibility to fraud the system is mandatory. Thus, besides the alcohol level measurement, a communication method for remote recording of the test results should be provisioned. This paper describes a microcontroller based implementation with real-time transmission of data, retrieved, modeled and displayed in a chart format, and furthermore securely stored in a record database. In our demonstrator, the code for the microcontroller ATmega328p that controls the data acquisition and transmission is written in C++, while the application created in C# controls all the sensor received information for calibration, verification and metrology testing. The system implementation uses low cost components with high performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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179. Dispatches from the Global Village: The Communications Revolution and the End of US Hegemony.
- Author
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Whitman, Darrell
- Subjects
COMMUNICATION & society ,COMMUNICATION & politics ,HEGEMONY ,UNITED States presidential election, 2016 ,CONSENSUS (Social sciences) ,UNITED States politics & government -- Social aspects - Abstract
The article offers the author's insights regarding the roles of communications revolution on reshaping cultures, institutions, and political economies as well as the hegemony in the U.S. Topics discussed include the aspects of the 2016 U.S. presidential election where Donald Trump was elected president of the state, the state's decline of hegemony along with the collapse of political consensus, and the emergence of political discussion over Internet among the millennial era.
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- 2017
- Full Text
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180. Introducing the Language Gap.
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Johnson, Eric J. and Zentella, Ana Celia
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LANGUAGE & languages ,COMMUNICATION & society - Abstract
An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses the various vantage points on language gap.
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- 2017
- Full Text
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181. What makes it likeable? A study on the reactions to messages in a digital social network: the case of Facebook in Farsi.
- Author
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Sabbar, Shaho and Hyun, Daiwon
- Subjects
- *
ONLINE social networks , *COMPUTER software development , *COMMUNICATION & society , *MANAGEMENT - Abstract
Background: After a piece of information is put into a network, its fate depends on the behaviors of the nodes of the network; nodes that are equipped with the hardware and software of the age of information and are more powerful than any time in the past. This study suggests that a useful research for communication, marketing and advertising would be one that looks for patterns in the reactions of the nodes toward different pieces of information. Results: This study has used Facebook to see how people have reacted to different types of messages in terms of liking, sharing and commenting. Rather than looking for universal, generalizable patterns we have tried to examine the practicality of the proposed method. The practical aspect of the study comes after a short theoretical discussion on the issue of flow of information in a digital world. The results revealed dozens of significant relations between the examined variables. Conclusions: This study, its theoretical discussion and results suggest that it would be practical to study the relations between the characteristics of Facebook messages and the type of reactions (liking, sharing and commenting) that they attract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
182. Scientific Explanation: Putting Communication First.
- Author
-
Potochnik, Angela
- Subjects
- *
EXPLANATION , *SCIENTIFIC knowledge , *ONTOLOGISM , *COMMUNICATION & society , *COGNITIVE ability - Abstract
Scientific explanations must bear the proper relationship to the world: they must depict what, out in the world, is responsible for the explanandum. But explanations must also bear the proper relationship to their audience: they must be able to create human understanding. With few exceptions, philosophical accounts of explanation either ignore entirely the relationship between explanations and their audience or else demote this consideration to an ancillary role. In contrast, I argue that considering an explanation’s communicative role is crucial to any satisfactory account of explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
183. Sojourner reentry: a grounded elaboration of the integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation.
- Author
-
Pitts, Margaret Jane
- Subjects
- *
CROSS-cultural communication , *COMMUNICATION & culture , *COMMUNICATION & society - Abstract
This paper offers grounded evidence in support of the elaboration of Kim's [(2001).Becoming intercultural: An integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage] integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation (ITCCA) to include sojourner reentry. Findings from 24 intensive interviews validate the heuristic value of ITCCA in the reentry context, but also reveal unique features that set reentry adaptation apart from cross-cultural adaptation. Key theoretical contributions include (1) a nuanced description of the role of reentry communication competence, (2) greater complexity of the roles and networks of interpersonal and mediated communication upon return, (3) an expansion to the environment domain to include “home environment,” and (4) a long-range perspective on the development of functional fitness, psychological health, and intercultural personhood. Implications for sojourner reentry training are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
184. Meta-analytic evidence for the persuasive effect of narratives on beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors.
- Author
-
Braddock, Kurt and Dillard, James Price
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNICATION & society , *COMMUNICATION & psychology , *COMMUNICATIONS research , *OPINION (Philosophy) , *STORYTELLING - Abstract
Although narratives are often credited with the capacity to change opinions, empirical tests of this prediction have produced mixed results. To provide a more precise test of narrative's effect on beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors, we performed meta-analyses on studies that evaluated narrative's persuasive influence on these outcomes. Results suggested positive relationships between exposure to a narrative and narrative-consistent beliefs (k = 37;N = 7,376;r = .17), attitudes (k = 40;N = 7,132;r = .19), intentions (k = 28;N = 5,211;r = .17), and behaviors (k = 5;N = 978;r = .23). Moderator analyses on the effect of fictionality yielded mixed results. Neither medium of presentation nor research design influenced the magnitude of the narrative-persuasion relationship. However, results suggested the presence of unidentified moderators. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
185. ATTITUDE - THE KEY INGREDIENT FRAMEWORK OF SUCCESS IN THE SALE.
- Author
-
Mirabela, Florea Ianc Maria
- Subjects
SALES personnel ,COMMUNICATION in marketing ,COMMUNICATION & society ,CONSUMER behavior ,BUSINESS communication ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) - Abstract
The attitude sale is communicative! The other people in front of us communicate through verbal, or physical paraverbal that we are interested in the transaction or not. Convert the fact that it respects the other in front of us, in this case the client as a person and identity, or we do not. It is already know, from studies about the fact that buying decision is made based on emotions or feelings. every time we have to may we, as buyers, a transaction of sale, our filters interior and meta-programs on which run the mental will reactivate moods negative or positive basis on which we decide to purchase or not. Communication is a necessary request for any organization, in order to reach the imposed objectives, a sine qua non condition of its efficient functioning, in order to settle the most important inter-human relationships. The communication represents the premise in order to exercise the management activity and the management process functions. Only by means of an efficient communication are the planning and programming, the coordination and control, the motivation, consulting and active participation of the organization members possible, in order to accomplish the aimed goals. Every single moment belonging to the organization activity is based on the efficient communication, as a modality to focus and correlate the efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
186. SOCIAL MEDIA AND PALESTINIAN YOUTH CULTURE: THE IMPACT OF NEW INFORMATION AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES ON CULTURAL AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN PALESTINE.
- Author
-
Khamis, Lina Edward
- Subjects
SOCIAL history ,COMMUNICATION & society ,COMMUNICATION & culture ,TWENTY-first century - Abstract
The article reports that the consequences of the Palestinian condition as a stateless nation, and non-existence were evidenced in the lack of communication among people and social disintegration with all the limitations of life. The ideal of Palestinian youth claiming their cultural autonomy through Facebook is about their culture, dignity, and identity. Cultural democracy pits creativity and democratic decisions taken at the grass roots against local and traditional power structures.
- Published
- 2016
187. Judicious Use of L1 in L2 Arabic Speaking Practice Sessions.
- Author
-
Al Masaeed, Khaled
- Subjects
ARABIC-speaking students ,ENGLISH language education ,SOCIOCULTURAL theory ,LEARNING management ,COMMUNICATION & society - Abstract
This study investigated the contexts for 'optimal' use of first language (L1) in second language (L2) one-on-one speaking practice sessions in a study abroad program where English was the L1 and Arabic was the L2 of students, and the opposite applied to their speaking partners. Drawing on insights from sociocultural theory to investigate data from 17 audiorecorded speaking sessions, the study shows that judicious use of students' L1 for certain purposes does indeed work as one of several interactional resources that contribute to enhancing the development of the L2 by operating as a mediating tool to cultivate communication and L2 learning. The argument for L1 optimal use is demonstrated in two particular contexts: (1) during speaking sessions to ask for or provide linguistic assistance, and (2) at the periphery of these speaking sessions for various goals, such as showing solidarity, warming up, and agreeing on what to discuss and how to proceed during interaction. Pedagogical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
188. Do Not Demand Final Answers.
- Subjects
- *
BACCALAUREATE addresses , *ACCEPTANCE (Psychology) , *UNCERTAINTY , *COMMUNICATION & society , *HUMAN behavior - Abstract
The article presents a commencement speech, "To Live Is to Accept Doubts, Uncertainties, Mysteries, Just As the Poets Have Done for Centuries, delivered by U.S. Poet Laureate Philip Levine at Bard College at Simon's Rock in Great Barrington, Massachusetts on May 18, 2012 in which accepting uncertainty, recognizing the power of words, and understanding the consequences of one's behavior are discussed.
- Published
- 2012
189. Put an Alternative Discourse into Circulation.
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNICATION & society , *KINDNESS , *ACCEPTANCE (Psychology) , *SOCIAL change - Abstract
The article presents a commencement speech. "Circulate a Discourse of Kindness and Acceptance, and Your World Will Be an Accepting and Kind Place to Live," delivered by associate professor Catherine Romagnolo at Lebanon Valley College in Annville, Pennsylvania on May 12, 2012 in which the power of discourse, the use of words to create change, and the challenge of promoting kindness and acceptance are discussed.
- Published
- 2012
190. How Media Images Correspond And Affect Reality.
- Subjects
- *
MAYORS , *CHIEF executive officers , *COMMUNICATION & society , *CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
Presents a speech by Lee P. Brown, Mayor of the City of Houston, Texas, given before the CEO's for Cities March 2000 Meeting in Denver, Colorado, dealing with the media, its role in reflecting and affecting reality in communities, and the impact on civic and business leaders.
- Published
- 2000
191. ARE INSTRUCTIONS VIA E-MAIL SUITABLE? HOW TO CHOOSE AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION MEDIUM AFTER CHANGES IN IT-ENABLED WORKFLOWS.
- Author
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Lederer, Matthias and Missal, Felix
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNICATION & society , *INFORMATION technology , *EMAIL , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *WORKFLOW , *BUSINESS process management - Abstract
With a large variety of available communication medium, managers struggle to make the right decision about which communication is suitable for conveying a particular type of knowledge. This choice is highly relevant for the post-implementation phase of IT systems, because changed information systems usually result in changed workflows which make it necessary to inform, instruct or guide users about changes. The dynamic mapping model developed in this contribution helps managers to make an efficient decision about which communication medium to select for informing process teams in various situations. Based on a literature review 50 communication media suitable for communication in IT change projects are classified in 21 criteria resulting from the Shannon Weaver Model. The usage of the mapping model was positively applied in the real case scenario of a data maintenance process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
192. USING THE MPPA ARCHITECTURE FOR UCT PARALLELIZATION.
- Author
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Hufschmitt, Aline, Mehat, Jean, and Vittaut, Jean-Noël
- Subjects
ALGORITHMS ,COMMUNICATION & society ,VIDEO games ,NUMERICAL analysis ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Abstract
We present here a study of the use of a Multi-Purpose Processor Array (MPPA) architecture for the parallelization of the UCT algorithm applied to the field of General Game Playing. We evaluate the constraints imposed by this architecture and show that the only parallelization of UCT proposed in the literature that is feasible on MPPA is a leaf parallelization. We show that the MPPA provides good scalability when increasing the size of the communications, which is useful when using synchronous communications to send large sets of game initial positions to be processed. We consider two approaches for the calculation of the playouts: the distributed computing of a playout on each cluster and the calculation of several playouts per cluster; we show that the second approach gives better results. Finally, we describe experiments concerning the thread management and present a surprising result: it is more efficient to revive threads than keep them alive and try to communicate with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
193. UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD FACEBOOK USE.
- Author
-
ACILAR, Ali and MERSIN, Sevinç
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGY & society ,COMMUNICATION & society - Abstract
Together the Internet and the Web have profoundly affected our life for the past decades. Today, we can use the Web for communication, education, business, entertainment and searching information. In recent years, the use of Facebook has become widespread worldwide, especially among young generations. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the attitudes of undergraduate students toward Facebook use. Research data were obtained by surveying the undergraduate students of the Department of Business Administration and the Department of Economics at a public university in Turkey. According to results of the study; the attitudes of those who don't use Facebook toward Facebook use are more negative than Facebook users. Some attitudes of female Facebook users toward Facebook use are more negative compared to male Facebook users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
194. EU ACQUIS ON E-COMMERCE.
- Author
-
CAPISIZU, Larisa Antonia
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC commerce ,INTERNET & society ,COMMUNICATION & society - Abstract
The discovery of a new form of communication between people, the Internet, was a premise of commerce development. The emergence of a new form of economic relation manifestation, e-commerce, led to important changes in the sphere of legal regulation. The need for these changes derives from the global and complex nature of the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
195. Educating, Enlightening, and Entertaining: Audience Perceptions of the Educational Value of a Presentation Competition for Engineering Students.
- Author
-
Golder, Katherine and Webb, Darlene B.
- Subjects
- *
AUDIOVISUAL presentations , *ENGINEERING students , *COLLEGE teachers , *AUDIENCES , *COMMUNICATION & society - Abstract
The article focuses on the ideas and presentation skills of engineering students benefits both the presenters and the audience. The authors surveyed participants about what motivated them to compete in Idol. Engineering students and faculty members in the audience were asked about their perceptions of the educational value of the competition for the competitors and the audience members.
- Published
- 2015
196. Social Media: A Paradox for Increasing European Community Preparedness.
- Author
-
Anson, Susan, Watson, Hayley, and Wadhwa, Kush
- Subjects
SOCIAL media & society ,COUNTERTERRORISM ,EMERGENCY management ,COMMUNICATION & society ,HAITI Earthquake, Haiti, 2010 ,POLICE & society - Abstract
Social media (SM) is widely recognised as a tool for improving the immediate response to large-scale disasters. Increasingly, SM is being used by authorities across Europeto increase long-term community preparedness and enhance response capabilities.However, there has been a lack of discussion concerning the challenges of using SM to increase preparedness. This paper addresses this gap byexamining SM's potential to increase community preparedness for terrorism related incidents.The authors draw on a case study focusing on community preparedness for terrorism developed for theTACTIC (Tools, methods And training for CommuniTIes and society to better prepare for a Crisis)project. The case study examines the complexities of increasing community preparedness for terrorism, compared to other types of hazard.Whilst increasing community preparedness for natural hazards through SM is more straightforward, this paper discusses how human intent, uncertaintyand fear associated with terrorism presents challenges for using SM to increase community preparedness for this type of risk. Highlighting the paradox in SM's application to increasing community preparedness for terrorism, the authors argue how SM could also simultaneously increase the risk of future terrorist attacks by acting as a tool forterrorists to achieve their aims. This paradox should be addressed by authorities when using SM to communicate the risk of terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
197. A Process Perspective on the Evaluation of Enterprise Social Software.
- Author
-
Steinhueser, Melanie, Herzog, Christian, Richter, Alexander, and Hoppe, Uwe
- Subjects
SOCIAL media & society ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,DATA management ,ORGANIZATIONAL performance ,COMMUNICATION & society - Abstract
Many organizations use enterprise social software (ESS) to support, for example, communication, knowledge and innovation management. Companies are increasingly realizing benefits and competitive advantages from using ESS. However, as with any other type of information systems (IS), assessing this value on an organizational level is an extensive challenge. Several models have been proposed to measure IS success. Many of these models disregard that IS success is not a static concept, but rather a temporary status which varies depending on its stage in the IS lifecycle. However, considering different success definitions at certain times in the lifecycle is crucial to produce significant results. In addition, IS theories, such as models for success measurement, are not one-to-one transferrable to ESS. The peculiarities of ESS have to be taken into account when it comes to develop valid measurement instruments. Consequently, the development of an approach with which to evaluate ESS, considering different stages of the ESS lifecycle on the basis of well-founded evidence still lies in the future. With our research we want to bridge this gap. Theoretically founded on the process theory of Soh and Markus (1995) and data gained from two qualitative studies our results are able to explain ESS success depending on the time within the ESS lifecycle. This process perspective assumes that ESS investments lead to organizational performance through a chain of three processes: (1) Within the conversion process ESS expenditures are transformed into usable ESS assets. (2) The potential of assets to change work procedures is exploited in the ESS use process. (3) In the competitive process the ESS impacts that materialize during the ESS use process are exploited and, eventually, transformed into improved organizational performance. Our results can help to gain a deeper understanding of ESS success and its meaning in every phase of the ESS lifecycle. Indicators are identified with which to evaluate an ESS in a concrete organizational setting. Furthermore, measurement barriers are examined so that they can be considered in the planning. This study also has implications for future research since we were able to show how the process theory can be applied in an ESS context. The indicators identified in the study might serve as measures to quantitatively test its validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
198. Your word is my command: Oxytocin facilitates the understanding of appeal in verbal communication.
- Author
-
Pfundmair, Michaela, Lamprecht, Franziska, von Wedemeyer, Florentine M., and Frey, Dieter
- Subjects
- *
OXYTOCIN , *ORAL communication , *INTRANASAL medication , *COMMUNICATION & society , *PLACEBOS , *SOCIAL perception - Abstract
The hormone oxytocin is known to facilitate positive communication behaviors. In the current study, we aimed to examine how it affects the interpretation of verbal information during communication. We predicted oxytocin to promote the understanding of the socially most effortful dimension of appeal. After intranasal administration of oxytocin or a placebo, participants responded to a “four-ear communication” questionnaire. Results revealed that participants under oxytocin not only chose the dimension of appeal as first choice significantly more often than participants under placebo but also preferred it over most of the other dimensions of interpretation. The findings add to our knowledge of oxytocin as a facilitator of social approach and indicate how oxytocin might work in communicative settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
199. Tripping Down the (Media) Rabbit Hole: Radio Alice and the Insurgent Socialization of Airwaves.
- Author
-
Briziarelli, Marco
- Subjects
SOCIAL networks ,BROADCASTING industry ,COMMUNICATION & society ,SOCIAL interaction ,RADIO stations -- Social aspects - Abstract
This article illustrates the case Radio Alice, a “free radio” active in late 1970s Italy, which challenged traditional forms of thinking and doing broadcasting. The author discusses how the station utilized the airwaves first to constitute an alternative arena in which different voices, experiences, and social groups utilized radio as a 2-way communication device; second, to convey a new political sensibility and sense of sociability resembling a contemporary social network site. Ultimately, this case illustrates how radio can be understood as a modality of social interaction in its own right, rather than a mere distributor/amplifier of messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
200. Experiencing Radio at the Interface: Preserving the Past and Designing the Future of Radio.
- Author
-
Austin, Michael
- Subjects
COMPUTER interfaces ,RADIO interferometers ,COMMUNICATION & society ,HUMAN-computer interaction ,SEMIOTICS - Abstract
In this short essay, I discuss various meanings of “interface,” borrowing from fields such as software design, human/computer interaction, and music technology, and I consider ways in which the metaphor of “interface” could benefit the study of radio. As radio shifts from the one-to-many, temporally dependent medium of terrestrial broadcasting to the many-to-many, play-on-demand media of podcasts, Internet radio, and other emerging forms, considering the variety of interfaces at play in radio will help scholars and archivists to study, preserve, and perhaps recreate the phenomenological experience of radio in its various forms and transmutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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