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An obituary for colonial administrator Alastair Morrison is presented.

A study is presented on the development of social and political rationality in prevention policies in Western European history. Using information from a case study based in Cyprus, the article describes the way European colonies have developed prevention strategies in colonial government. An evaluation is given of European knowledge-related practices used in response to social problems in European colonies. Further comments are included regarding the relations between economic conditions, political structures, and social conflict situations in colonial life.

An essay is presented regarding the imperial triumphalism of the 1886 Colonial and Indian Exhibition that featured colonial simulacra held in South Kensington Museum in India. It explores the failed intention of the Bristish colony to abolish the traditional arts of India. It cites that the Gwalior Gateway has illustrated the hybrid motives and motif of colonizer. The author contends that the Arts and Crafts ideology that was illustrated by the exhibition had a paradoxical effect.

The article focuses on the hybridization of Robert Louis Stevenson. It states that Robert Louis Stevenson became a resident of Samoa when he had traveled through the Pacific islands. Samoa had encouraged Stevenson to discard generalities, revise traditional oppositions, and honor the comingling of cultures. It also states that his Pacific fiction explores the multiple voices and the fluctuating states of mind that inhabits the islands and characterize the interactions among the natives, beachcombers, colonial officials, missionaries, traders, and chiefs. An overview of the pacific writings of Stevenson is given, including "The Beach of Falesé."

One may observe a fundamental disjuncture that occurred in the operation of power by the West in governing the Third World population since the Second World War. Pre-war management was based on exercise of sovereign power by the former colonial masters; post-colonial or contemporary power is exercised through the production of self-governing docile subjects, who internalize Western ideals as their own. This form of subjugation is more subtle and effective than colonial governance. This article uses the development planning process in Bangladesh as an example to demonstrate how that process enables the deployment of endless institutions and strategies for development to bring the general masses under disciplinary control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some scholars have explained colonial policies as the outgrowth of the need to provide profits and prestige for the motherland. Others have linked policymaking to the use of colonial space as experimental laboratories of modernity; while others assert that the overseas was a terrain for finding solutions to some of the political, social and aesthetic problems which were affecting France at the time. In contrast, this paper traces how colonial policies can be explained at the level of individual colonial administrators. It does so not only by reference to the social backgrounds of officials, but also their inner “psychic processes.” This study addresses the colonial tendency to imagine cross-identification between France and the colony. It presents three case studies of colonial officials in Indochina to investigate how administrators' perceptions of France became projected onto the colonies, and how one of them incorporated within himself some of the attributes of the colonized, an example of introjection. It is argued that these processes had an impact on policymaking. My theoretical goal with this piece was to apply a psychoanalytic approach to the study of the empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before the rise of professional ethnography, untrained methods to investigate 'other' cultures prevailed among various Western actors: travelers, missionaries, colonial administrators, and traders. This article analyzes how such informal ethnography is still treated as an epistemic guide in a post-colonial and transnational business world. A particular case is examined: Swedish and Swedish-Polish businessmen working in emerging markets in Poland and neighboring countries in Eastern Central Europe after the fall of Communism. Situated in what they regard as commercially attractive but relatively unknown cultures, these businessmen oscillate between classic fieldwork and profitable control, pragmatically linking their eagerness for knowledge with their ambition to get things done. The overall vision is a folk version of ethnography, rhetorically celebrated but practically complicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This presentation analyzed the behavior of the mapuches ambassadors in Santiago, who knowing that the lineages localized in the southern territories of the Biobío river frontier were in warlike conflicts, one of them, the ambassador of the butalmapu of los Llanos treated that the colonial authorities accepts the return of sixteen youngmen to theirs native land of Boroa carring horses and mules bougth wiht the salaries earned during the twelve years they worked for the spaniards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that during the years 1716-1726 diverse groups of maritime predators operated opportunistically across the spectrum from state-sanctioned privateering to outright piracy. All of these freebooters relied on access to markets if they were to survive in an increasingly hostile political environment. Merchants as well as colonists in various parts of the Atlantic World profited from their connections to marauders. It was only possible to successfully suppress piracy in the 1720s when the colonial authorities managed to close their ports to pirates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the example of correspondence between a West African trader and two French colonial administrators, this article examines tensions over authority, slavery and gendered categories in the Sine-Saloum region of Senegal in the early 1890s. The debate between the three men concerns two women and their questionable status as wives or slaves. The example of the two women, the options presented to them by both the trader and the colonial administrators, and their ultimate choice over slavery and freedom contributes to the historiography on gender, slavery and emancipation in Africa. The author also raises questions pertaining to the use of colonial administrative records to reconstruct the past of women in slavery in French West Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at the attempts made by colonial governments in Africa to position educated elite within the administration of the colonial bureaucracy, giving particular attention to elementary schoolteachers. Problems associated with this model of placing African workers in colonial categories are examined. This practice blurred social roles causing confusion between the roles of subject and citizen, native and European, and colonized and colonizer.

Background & Aims: The MUC1 mucin is expressed on the cell surface of epithelial cells lining the gastric mucosa. Epidemiologic studies suggest that functional allelic variations in the MUC1 gene may play a role in human susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori-associated pathologies, including gastric adenocarcinoma. We have evaluated the impact of Muc1 expression on the colonization and pathogenesis of gastric Helicobacter infections. Methods: Wild-type and Muc1-deficient mice were infected with H pylori and colonization and gastritis levels determined. Primary gastric cells were used to examine the impact of Muc1 expression on bacterial adherence. Results: Mice lacking Muc1 were colonized by 5-fold more H pylori within 1 day of infection, and this difference was maintained for at least 2 months postinfection. Mice heterozygous for the null Muc1 allele developed intermediate bacterial colonization. Although wild-type mice developed only a mild gastritis when infected for 2 months with H pylori, Muc1−/− mice developed an atrophic gastritis marked by loss of parietal cells. We demonstrate H pylori adhesion to purified MUC1 and significantly increased adhesion to cultured murine Muc1 null gastric epithelial cells, suggesting that Muc1 acts as a decoy limiting binding to the cell surface. Conclusions: Muc1 provides a protective barrier, which limits both acute and chronic colonization by H pylori, as well as playing a major role in limiting the inflammation induced by Helicobacter infection. We propose that Muc1 restricts access of H pylori to the epithelial surface, hence reducing exposure of the host to proinflammatory bacterial products. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on the discussion and the practice of early colonial rule in the German colony of Eastern Africa. It presents the making of East Africa as a colonial territory by the explorers and colonial officials in their constant travel to different places. It also discusses the effect of colonial rule on East Africa.

The article examines four white women writers' negotiations of the problematic of land, gender, race, and home over a hundred-year period in Zimbabwe. The aim of the author is to trace the formation and reformation of white women's claims to belong, to be at home, in Rhodesia and in Zimbabwe. The author also notes that the four white women writers under consideration engage with this legacy at different historical junctures and with a range of positions on the rectitude of the colonial project.

The article explores the departmentalization of the colonial government and the logic of decolonization in France. In March 19, 1946, Gaston Monnerville and Aime Cesaire had managed to proclaim the departmentalization of the country's colonies, including Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Reunion. According to Cesaire, the purpose of the departmentalization was to eliminate the quasi-feudalistic juridical relic.

Once the British became a colonial power in south Asia in the eighteenth century, they had to struggle to determine the internal divisions and boundaries of the territories under their control. In north India, these units had been organized around various pre-colonial administrative divisions, such as parganas, which had never been mapped. With the introduction of detailed revenue (cadastral) surveys in the early nineteenth century, the British were able to map the parganas and other administrative units, thereby creating a durable record of property holdings. In the nineteenth century, they also allowed the colonial administrators to reorganize the old divisions into a well-defined and more coherent pattern that endured to form the geographical template of the modern state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a 16th century document describing the responsibilities assigned to Spaniard Francisco del Valle Marroquín, as colonial official (juez visitador y administrador) assigned to the Indian towns surrounding the city of Santiago de Guatemala. The document, written in 1570, describes the role assigned to del Valle Marroquín in administering these towns, ensuring the provision of Indian labor according to urban and agricultural needs and controlling the Indian population.

During their encounter with sati in early nineteenth century Bengal, the British constructed an image of the Hindu widow who burned on her husband’s funeral pyre as a passive victim of a barbaric oriental practice. The imagery that they produced, which denied the widow both agency and rational engagement with the processes of sati, remains influential today and has led to those who oppose sati in the present being accused of adopting “western” attitudes. Yet this was not the only interpretation of sati to emerge from the colonial encounter. When the British experienced sati in the alternate context of the Rajput States (1830–60) their understanding of it changed subtly, as the widow was increasingly depicted as self‐determined—the perpetrator rather than the victim of sati. This article explores these shifts in British understanding, and asks what implications this alternate colonial interpretation might have for discourses on sati in contemporary India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many indigenous communities were dispossessed of their land during the period of colonial rule. This long process resulted in forced demographic removals and perennial poverty. Nowadays these communities, especially Third World groups, seek redress of this situation through legal processes of land restitution. This process is met by resistance from landowners in these countries, the colonial powers of old, as well as from big corporations that benefited from the dispossession. The investigation undertaken in this article addresses the ethics of land reform from a Christian ethical perspective. The policy of land restitution in South Africa is used as a case study, but the results of this research are also applicable to other parts of the world where land restitution is considered. The article first evaluates the biblical teachings of land and land reform and their implications for modern ethics. In the light of these issues, the article addresses the question of whether land ownership can be considered as a fundamental human right. The article also focuses on the legality of expropriation and dispossession of land for the purposes of restitution. Moreover, guidelines for fair and legal restitution within the context of Christian ethics and legal philosophical principles are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits Orientalist discourses with a specific concern: to explore the unresolved relationship between Orientalism and colonial regimes. This exploration involves questions of representation, the status of reality and exteriority in a discourse like Orientalism, and the assertion of truth within a discursive field. I read a set of parodic texts by the noted Bengali satirist Rajshekhar Basu, which stage an inverted reality of colonialism, to suggest that ‘the Orient’ functions as a designation and a deterritorialized representation in the constitutive protocols of Orientalism. It is shifting and uneven in organization, and politically effective because of its capability of mutation and adaptation through the colonial business of governing ‘the Orient’. Parody's unusual engagement with Orientalist discourses makes us aware of the moment where Orientalist knowledge and colonial governmentality join each other. Without this circular relationship the discourse is quite ludicrous and ineffective. This laughter at the oppressive and sacrosanct discourse of global domination, however, is a postcolonial prerogative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dim Delobsom was one of the first indigenous colonial bureaucrats in the French administration of Upper Volta. Born in 1897, he rapidly rose through the ranks of colonial administration, becoming a high-level functionary. He also served as the resident anthropologist of the dominant Mossi tribe of Upper Volta, and published numerous books and articles on Mossi customs. Delobsom fell afoul of an important faction of the colonial apparatus, however, when he decided to assume the chieftaincy of his natal village upon his father's death. Colonial officials and French Catholic priests thought he would be compromised as a bureaucrat-chief, and sought to block his investiture. Delobsom died under mysterious circumstances shortly after being named chief, in 1940. His life reveals some important dimensions of the fractured colonial experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we examine how the science of colonial administration, which evolved within the training for colonial administrators in the decades 1930–50 in Britain, became institutionalized in British Universities. We will see that both the colonial context and the somewhat ambivalent conception of colonial administration conveyed by academics such as Margery Perham, Lucy Mair and officials from the Colonial Office may have justified the need to consider colonial administration to be a scientific discipline in its own right, but that it was perhaps the fight between the universities to control and produce the British administrative elite which provided the driver that helped that science to gain institutional legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a report, submitted by André Lemaire to the Commission for Overseas Cinema, a division of the Ministry for Overseas France, that signaled a new tack in the cultural politics of empire in French-ruled West Africa. His notes were part of a growing interest among colonial administrators and French politicians in the efficacy of cinema as a tool of empire, especially as an integral component of French cultural politics projected in its overseas territories and more broadly around the world.

This paper is concerned with the form and extent to which colonial discourses, cultures and practices continue to pervade the workings of the post-independence international development aid industry. It is based on the personal narratives of individuals involved in both colonial administration and subsequently in the field of development as expatriate consultants whose experiences provide a resource for interrogating the varied articulations of the transition from ‘colonialism’ to ‘development cooperation’ and the ongoing relationship between colonial forms of rule and governance and the purpose and practice of development. The paper highlights the performance of expertise and authority articulated through the forms of knowledge that were valorised at different moments and the spaces and relationships developed and mobilised by former colonial officers and contemporary development practitioners. It argues that being from, or of, the West whether as a representative of colonial or donor power ascribes status. However, the paper acknowledge that while this power and authority is sustained through different kinds of expertise, development is not always and in all places neo-colonial. Indeed, there have been significant changes with the opening up of the field over time not least in terms of the much more diverse gendered, racialised and class composition of those involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The colonial government of Cyprus was composed by an overwhelming majority of "indigenous" civil servants, headed by a handful of British administrators. Challenging the widely accepted representation of the Cypriot colonial civil servant as a mere performer of the British policy in Cyprus, this paper proposes a microanalysis of two cases taken from 1928: alternatively the recruitment of a higher, and the dismissal of a subaltern, Cypriot civil servant. Contrasting these two cases, the paper suggests that the split identity of the Cypriot civil servant, both a "Cypriot" and a "colonial official", constituted a political stake both for the British authorities and the local press. It further suggests that the lower his position, the more the Cypriot colonial servant could actively participate in the elaboration of an identity which would safeguard certain of his rights, sometimes forcing his employer, the colonial government, to respect them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Canada's dual power position as described in the book "The Robber Bride," by Margaret Atwood. Post-colonialism in this book is largely read through the experiences of white women. The author demonstrated that Atwood's examination of women's power is frequently employed as a metaphor for Canada's experience as a postcolonial nation. Atwood articulates a common late-twentieth-century interest in postcolonial discourse, but she translates prevalent postcolonial ideas of difference and otherness to fit her own understanding.

The article discusses Ireland's status within the British Empire. Ireland's geographical proximity to mainland Britain nourished a sense of unpredictable intimacy between the two islands, a state of affairs that was directly contributory to the historical designs to colonize and subdue the island. Very real security risks were posed to the British mainland by the potential use of Ireland as a base for French military aggression. It is therefore understandable that Irish colonial history is marked by repeated military, political, constitutional and confessional endeavors to bring the unruly island to colonial subjection.

Increasingly, large international conservation organizations have come to rely upon market-oriented interventions, such as sport trophy hunting, to achieve multiple goals of biodiversity protection and 'development'. Such initiatives apply an understanding of 'nature'–defined through an emerging discourse of global ecology–to incorporate local ecologies within the material organizational sphere of capital and transnational institutions, generating new forms of governmentality at scales inaccessible to traditional means of discipline such as legislation and enforcement. In this paper, I historicize debates over 'nature' in a region of northern Pakistan, and demonstrate how local ecologies are becoming subject to transnational institutional agents through strategies similar to those used by colonial administrators to gain ecological control over their 'dominions'. This contemporary reworking of a colonialist ethic of conservation relies rhetorically on a discourse of global ecology, and on ideological representations of a resident population as incapable environmental managers, to assert and implement an allegedly scientifically and ethically superior force better able to respond to assumed degradation. In undertaking such disciplinary projects, international conservation organizations rely on, and produce, a representation of ecological space as 'global' to facilitate the attainment of translocal political-ecological goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. The exceptions are Kenneth Eyre Read and H. Ian Hogbin with particular reference to New Guinea (see Read 1947, Hogbin 1951). Work undertaken by Ronald and Catherine Berndt examining army compounds and the condition of Aboriginal labour was not published until 1987. 2. A.R. Radcliffe-Brown attended the BAAS meeting and remained in Australia for the duration of World War I; he was employed as a teacher at Sydney Church of England Grammar School (1915–17), and as Director of Education in Tonga (1918–19). See Maddock 1995. 3. See however Keesing 1945. 4. There is no comprehensive history of Australian anthropology; however, there is a considerable body of work on aspects of Australian anthropology and individual anthropologists in various journals. 5. Elkin was assisted by‘twenty observers mostly graduates in anthropology’ (Anon. 1941). 6. Elkin to Cleland, 10 November 1943. Elkin Papers, University of Sydney: 157/4/1/23. 7. ANGAU was to put together a team of experts in Native administration: Francis Edgar Williams, government anthropologist in Papua (1922–1943), was seconded to the unit in March 1943. He was killed in a plane accident in May 1943, and thereafter the unit came under the control of ex-patrol officers of the New Guinea service. 8. The Directorate answered directly to the Commander-in-Chief of the Australian military forces, and also had direct access to the Prime Minister and the Minister for External Territories. 9. This booklet contained such racialized information as:‘The Natives are used to us, as white men; they feel we belong, whereas the Japanese are in every respect strangers. Natives don't like strangers. Therefore their natural inclination is to side with us.’ Or,‘The native has always looked up to the white man, he admires him because of the marvellous things that white men at large can do—make electric torches, fly in aeroplanes, etc. You may not be marvellous yourself, but he will think you are, merely because you are one of the white race.’ Quoted in Wolfers 1975; see also Powell 1996. 10. Security (Qld) to Director-General Security, 16 July 1942. National Archives of Australia (NAA): MP729/6.29/401/626. 11. Memo to the Minister for the North-West, 16 July 1942. State Records Office Western Australia: ACC993, 592/43. 12. Elkin to Prime Minister, 2 April 1942. NAA: A659, 1942/1/3043. 13. The Murngin are now called Yolgnu (word for person). Thanks to Nic Peterson for providing this information. 14. For the formation of the unit see Walker 1986. 15. Various in NAA: MP742/1, 145/1/136. Stanner was a fastidious man and conscious of his position in the military hierarchy. The young anthropologist K.E. Read, stationed at Katherine, on one occasion forget to salute him (he was in mufti) and was upbraided by Stanner (K.E. Read personal communication, 15 August 1993). A member of the NAOU recalled that Stanner was‘very bookish. He had a very English accent, spoke meticulously, and dressed carefully. I remember sharing a cabin with Stanner [...] on the train from Melbourne to Sydney. I was struck by the opulence and magnificence of his tailored wardrobe.... His uniform was immaculate and he always wore yellow socks.’ Quoted in Walker 1986: 16. 16. London: Christophers. It was slightly revised and republished in 1972 by Melbourne University Press. 17. The Anglican mission body also produced A new deal for Papua, by G.H. Cranswick and I.W. Shevill (Melbourne: FW Chesire, 1949), which recognized the‘loyal and courageous assistance given by them [New Guineans] to Australian soldiers during the Japanese invasion’ (p. ix). 18. See Powell 2003. Powell argues that there could have been no New Guinea victory without the immense contribution of New Guineans. 19. See Gray 2001, as well as the contributions from Jane Goodale, Ruth Latukefu (Fink), L.R. Hiatt, Jeremy Beckett and J.A. Barnes in this volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the Wingate Literature and perspectives of the members of the Sudan Political Service (SPS) on benefits derived by the Sudanese from British administration under Governor-General Sir Reginald Wingate. Contention of General Horatio H. Kitchener and colonial administrators that the country requires efficient British administration but with little Egyptian interference despite the signing of the Condominium agreements; Animosities in the Egyptian-Sudanese relations and Egyptian interference in local politics; Insights of the SPS on the future political stability of Sudan; Details of the Southern Policy and the programs implemented on the non-Muslim Africans in southern Sudan; Efforts to control the revival of Neo-Mahdism.

Focuses on the colonial governance in condominium Sudan. Concern about the assumption regarding the ability of the colonial state to create wholly innovative kinds of local authority in Africa; Creolization of the authority of Ali el Tom, probably the most famous traditional ruler in condominium Sudan; Features of Ali el Tom's governance and leadership.

Examines the rejection of African fictional literature by colonial authorities. Quality of the book "Doguicimi"; Establishment of francophone African literature; Imminence of political independence.

The issue this paper wishes to address is how history, as encoded in historiography of history-writing, is actually based upon its capacity to conceal, disguise and indeed suppress the everyday. This is especially true when you consider that most history is really driven by the nation state and that far from envisaging a history free or rescued from the nation, most history-writing ends up reinforcing it. In other words, history's primary vocation has been to displace the constant danger posed by the surplus of everyday life, to overcome its apparent 'trivia', 'banalities' and untidiness in order to find an encompassing register that will fix meaning. With Hegel, narrative was given the role of supplying the maximal unity by which to grasp the meaning of history. What immediately got privileged was, of course, the nation state in the making of world historical events or and ultimately class, subjects who can claim world historical agency. By the same measure, the surplus or messy residues of modern life, especially its immensely staggering complexities, its endless incompletions and repetitions - all irreducible - are repressed or in some instances the microcosmic is sometimes mobilized to reinforce macrocosmic meaning. (This has frequently been called history from below and what Germans have called Alltagsgeschichte.) What I would like to do is explore the category of everydayness, ushered in with the masses and the appearance of the subaltern, as a minimal unity that provides its own principle of historical temporality that easily challenges the practice of history-writing as we know it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the use of the experience of Swaziland to extend the discourse on why men dominated the migration currents in Swaziland during the colonial period. Argument that it is no longer useful to rely on purely economic explanations of why more men were migrating than women in colonial Swaziland; Power relations at the homestead level whereby men had the power to determine if and when women could migrate; Different strategies employed by Swazi men, in collaboration with colonial administrators, to control the mobility of women.

Little has been written on pre-World War II Australian colonial officials, such as Ernest William Pearson Chinnery (1887-1972), who occupied senior positions in Australian colonial administration. Chinnery occupied a unique position Government Anthropologist, Director of District Services in New Guinea, Commonwealth Advisor on Native Affairs and Director of the Northern Territory Department of Native Affairs as well as his earlier service in Papua. What set Chinnery apart from most of his contemporaries was his promotion of anthropological training for colonial field staff, his support for an anthropologically informed colonial policy and practice and his status as a departmental head as well as being formally trained in anthropology. His appointments were due in no small measure to his anthropological training and yet, despite his aspiration, he is remembered more as a colonial administrator than as a Government Anthropologist. Chinnery's career provides an opportunity to examine in what ways anthropology affected colonial administration and whether he was able to influence policy and practice according to anthropological principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A heart drawn at the top of a love letter in 1933 is the starting point for this exploration of desire and fear in the New Hebrides. The letter is to a ni-Vanuatu woman named Vetcham from John Stephens. John's mother, reputedly related to the Tongan royal family, settled with her English husband in the New Hebrides in 1906. John's desire for Vetcham, a 'bushman's wife', increased the local settlers' and the Presbyterian missionary's fears about personal safety, which are recorded in archived correspondence with British government officials. Vetcham emerges as a strong and unruly woman in this correspondence by men about her and John. Her story highlights contested boundaries and border crossings between the colonial worlds of indigenous people, settlers, mission and the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emphasizes the instability of colonial space and the difficulties facing colonial administrators. Significance of geography to imperialism; Role of global spatiality on how individuals interacted with and perceived geographical places; Problems posed by the difficulty of articulating the possibilities of a specific place.

The article focuses on the unpublished collection of the folktales of Northern India. It is said to have been collected in the last two decades of the nineteenth century by William Crooke, a doyen of colonial Indian folklore scholarship. Most scholarship on colonial folklore collections and collectors has been content with nothing more than appreciating the colonial administrators for their voluminous collections. Through the decades of post-colonial history, various scholars have lauded colonial folklorists without questioning their claims or investigating their processes of compiling materials.

The article analyzes how elite and subaltern efforts to regulate gender, sexuality, and family, helped define the class and race contours of the nation. In examining the relation of race, class, and sexuality to national identities, the author complement and revise the scholarly literature on the "coloniality of power." Various sociologists have used the term "coloniality of power" to describe the continuing racial divisions that first emerged in the world system inaugurated by Spain's overseas expansion. The Spanish conquest of the U.S. created a new world system in which racial classification and domination were at the core of labor systems, the extraction of wealth, and colonial political domination. With the creation of independent nation-states in the nineteenth century, new Euro-American elites replaced colonial administrators. But at least within Latin America the racial othering that was so central to colonial rule remained central in the new postcolonial nations. As a result, the Latin American nation-states continued to be seen as backward in relation to those "more developed" parts of the globe where the absence of stark racial distinctions presumably allowed the emergence of united national communities and a broad, active citizenry.

The article discusses the cross-cultural comparison of non-Western aesthetics to the Western aesthetics. In this study, the comparison could either go as Europeans comparing non-Western thought systems to their own European systems or non-Westerners comparing European thought systems to their own Chinese, Indian, African, Polynesian and others. This study projects onto non-Western cultures ancient Western dualities of reason and emotion, science and poetry, logical and romantic in which non-Western cultures are either idealized or stigmatized as sources of a more poetic, emotional, feminine vision of the world. The non-Western aesthetics is a colonial invention which colonial masters consider as a device for political control.

The evolution of the Crown from an institution imposed by colonial powers to one that has become uniquely Canadian is symbolised through the rituals and ceremonial of the Coronations of Canada's Monarchs in the twentieth century. This study reveals the development under the Crown of an indigenous honours system instituted to celebrate the achievements of Canadians. The granting of honours by the sovereign for the Coronation changed from British, to distinctively Canadian ones. In addition, the gradual evolution of the Canadian military from militia to regular army, navy and air force is seen in the Canadian military's participation in the Coronation Procession. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police, through their various transformations, represented Canada's values of "peace, order and good government" and had a place of prominence at all four Coronations. Canadians saw themselves as an important and integral part of the British Empire in 1902 and transformed to an independent and respected people with considerable world power and influence by 1953. Through the Coronation ceremonies, Canadians publicly celebrated their ideals as a people and reflected their "national" character to the world while at the same time rooting the Crown more deeply in Canadian soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the relationship that developed between indigenous peoples and Spanish colonial administrators and individuals during the struggles for village lands in rural Cuzco, Peru. Ethnic land conflict in Cuzco; Colonialism, law and land; Colonialism and indigenous land loss; Spanish assaults and legal defense.

Presents information on a study which analyzed the colonial control pattern of the Australian colonial administration to Kobon in Papua New Guinea. Phases of colonial power established to Kobon; Measures to institutionalize the colonial order; Conclusion.

Illustrates how the distinctive personalities of three British colonial officers first delayed then shaped the development of the Cameron Highlands in Malaysia. Demonstration of how present geographic patterns reflect the conflicting visions of two of these officials; Analysis of relationship between imperialism and personality.

By title, function and history, the colonial administrator was prima facie an early example of the professional administrator. Yet how far public administration was an integral element in his training and performance is questionable. By the decolonizing 1950s, public administration was still not a conspicuous feature in the administrative vocabulary. Even when the latter-day colonial administrator was subjected to the educating influence of the Journal of African Administration, neither he nor the Journal widely resorted to the use of public administration pur sang. Yet administrative training was the keyword for both. This article directs attention to the way in which colonial administrators were selected and how they were trained. Three critical, post-1950, influences on the latter-day colonial administrator are examined: the impact of the Journal of African Administration; the role and staffing of Africa's new Institutes of Administration; and the colonial administrator's 'second career' in public administration in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines U.S. colonial education m the early 20th-century Philippines, focusing on the ways in which the teachers recruited from the U.S. derailed the colonial administrators' earnest if ingenuous attempt to dismantle the indigenous structure of privilege in the new possession via a system of free primary schooling. The approach breaks with the notion of the state as the ultimate locus of force arid attends instead to the study of local sites and ordinary, everyday practices of social regulation. In so doing, it argues that the U.S. teachers in the field transformed the directives handed down to them into a pedagogy that came to have its own subverting tactics, mechanisms and trajectory within the wider colonial polity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]