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Aim: To investigate the efficacy and safety of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) and sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in liver transplant (LT) recipients with diabetes. Methods: A single‐centre, retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from an LT recipient database (1990–2023) was conducted. We included adults with pre‐existing diabetes and post‐transplant diabetes, newly started on GLP‐1RAs and/or SGLT2 inhibitors after LT. Metabolic and biochemical parameters and outcomes were collected for up to 12 months after starting medications and were compared to those in patients receiving dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and linear mixed models. Results: We included participants on GLP‐1RAs (n = 46), SGLT2 inhibitors (n = 87), combination therapy (n = 12), and a DPP‐4 inhibitor comparator (n = 217). Both GLP‐1RAs and combination therapy decreased mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and combination therapy remained significant when adjusted for DPP‐4 inhibitor treatment (−3.5%, 95% CI [−6.1, −0.95]; p = 0.0089) at 12 months. All three groups had significant decreases in mean weight and body mass index, but these remained significant in the GLP‐1RA (−5.2 kg, 95% CI [−8.7, −1.7], p = 0.0039 and 1.99 kg/m2, 95% CI [−3.4, −0.6], p = 0.0048) and combination therapy groups (−5.4 kg, 95% CI [−10.5, −0.36], p = 0.04 and −3.4 kg/m2, 95% CI [−5.5, −1.3], p = 0.0015) when adjusted for DPP‐4 inhibitor treatment at 12 months. Alanine aminotransferase levels decreased with GLP‐1RA and combination therapy. There were two (1.4%) cases of graft rejection. Conclusion: We found that GLP‐1RAs, SGLT2 inhibitors, and their combination, led to significant weight loss in LT recipients with diabetes. Combination therapy, in particular, lowered HbA1c and alanine aminotransferase levels compared to DPP‐4 inhibitors. Further studies are needed to assess long‐term safety and efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation post‐allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (post‐alloHCT) increases morbidity and mortality. We sought to determine the frequency of CMV seroconversion in patients pre‐alloHCT and to investigate the impact on posttransplant outcomes. We retrospectively investigated 752 adult patients who underwent alloHCT at our center from January 2015 to February 2020 before the adoption of letermovir prophylaxis. CMV serology was assessed at consult and pretransplant. The cohort was divided into four groups based on pretransplant CMV seroconversion: negative to positive (Group 1), positive to negative (Group 2), consistently negative (Group 3), and consistently positive (Group 4). Eighty‐nine patients (12%) had seroconverted from negative to positive, 17 (2%) from positive to negative, 151 (20%) were consistently seronegative, and 495 (66%) were consistently seropositive pretransplant. For the four CMV serostatus groups, cumulative incidence of CMV reactivation at 6 months posttransplant was 4.5%, 47.1%, 6.6%, and 76.6% for Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (p <.0001). No differences between groups were seen regarding Grade III–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) (p =.91), moderate/severe chronic GVHD (p =.41), or graft failure (p =.28). On multivariable analysis, there was no impact of CMV serostatus group on overall survival (p =.67), cumulative incidence of relapse (p =.83) or non‐relapse mortality. alloHCT patients who demonstrate CMV seroconversion pretransplant from negative to positive have a very low risk of CMV reactivation posttransplant. The observed seroconversion may be due to passive CMV immunity acquired through blood products. Quantitative CMV immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M pretransplant may help differentiate between true seroconversion and passively transmitted CMV immunoglobulin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow field super-resolution (FFSR) aims at recovering high-resolution turbulent velocity fields from low-resolution flow fields. Existing FFSR methods mainly process the flow fields in natural image patterns, while the critical and distinct fluid visual properties are rarely considered. This negligence would cause the significant domain gap between fluid and natural images to severely hamper the accurate perception of turbulent flows, thereby undermining super-resolution performance in a wrong perception pattern. To tackle this dilemma, we rethink the FFSR task with the fluid visual properties, including the unique fluid imaging principle and morphological information, and propose the first fluid visual property-informed FFSR algorithm. Particularly, different from natural images that are constructed by independent red, green, and blue channels in the light field, flow fields build on the orthogonal streamwise, spanwise, and vertical (UVW) velocities in the fluid field. To empower the FFSR network with an awareness of the fluid imaging principle, we propose quaternion spatial modeling to model this orthogonal spatial relationship for improved FFSR. Moreover, due to viscosity and surface tension characteristics, fluids often exhibit a droplet-like morphology in flow fields. Inspired by this morphological property, we design the dynamic fluid convolution to effectively mine the morphological information to enhance FFSR. Extensive experiments on the newly acquired fluid field datasets demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of our method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have examined influential factors on teacher-child relational conflict; however, only a limited number of studies have presented in-depth portrayals of teachers' conflict with children living in poverty at the preschool level. The purpose of this paper is to explore teacher, child, and contextual characteristics that influence teacher-child relational conflict in Head Start. Ten Head Start teachers from five centres across two counties were recruited. Each participant was interviewed twice and observed once for an entire school day. Interview and observation data were analysed through a grounded theory approach by using the qualitative data analysis software NVivo. Four themes emerged as teacher-perceived influences on conflictual relationships: children's behaviour, teachers' stress and biases, and the classroom environment. The results may have implications for teacher professional development and Head Start policies.