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1,485 results on '"Byrne, Margaret"'

169. The genome of Eucalyptus grandis

Author

Myburg, Alexander A., Grattapaglia, Dario, Tuskan, Gerald A., Hellsten, Uffe, Hayes, Richard D., Grimwood, Jane, Jenkins, Jerry, Lindquist, Erika, Tice, Hope, Bauer, Diane, Goodstein, David M., Dubchak, Inna, Poliakov, Alexandre, Mizrachi, Eshchar, Kullan, Anand R. K., Hussey, Steven G., Pinard, Desre, van der Merwe, Karen, Singh, Pooja, van Jaarsveld, Ida, Silva-Junior, Orzenil B., Togawa, Roberto C., Pappas, Marilia R., Faria, Danielle A., Sansaloni, Carolina P., Petroli, Cesar D., Yang, Xiaohan, Ranjan, Priya, Tschaplinski, Timothy J., Ye, Chu-Yu, Li, Ting, Sterck, Lieven, Vanneste, Kevin, Murat, Florent, Soler, Marçal, Clemente, Hélène San, Saidi, Naijib, Cassan-Wang, Hua, Dunand, Christophe, Hefer, Charles A., Bornberg-Bauer, Erich, Kersting, Anna R., Vining, Kelly, Amarasinghe, Vindhya, Ranik, Martin, Naithani, Sushma, Elser, Justin, Boyd, Alexander E., Liston, Aaron, Spatafora, Joseph W., Dharmwardhana, Palitha, Raja, Rajani, Sullivan, Christopher, Romanel, Elisson, Alves-Ferreira, Marcio, Külheim, Carsten, Foley, William, Carocha, Victor, Paiva, Jorge, Kudrna, David, Brommonschenkel, Sergio H., Pasquali, Giancarlo, Byrne, Margaret, Rigault, Philippe, Tibbits, Josquin, Spokevicius, Antanas, Jones, Rebecca C., Steane, Dorothy A., Vaillancourt, René E., Potts, Brad M., Joubert, Fourie, Barry, Kerrie, Pappas, Georgios J., Strauss, Steven H., Jaiswal, Pankaj, Grima-Pettenati, Jacqueline, Salse, Jérôme, Van de Peer, Yves, Rokhsar, Daniel S., and Schmutz, Jeremy

Published
2014
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171. Head Start Evaluation and Research Center, University of Kansas. Report No. III, Effects of a Language Program on Children in a Head Start Nursery.

Author

Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dept. of Human Development. and Byrne, Margaret C.

Abstract

A compensatory language program was administered to 13 children, considered, for the most part, as culturally disadvantaged and linguistically deficient. These 13 children comprised the experimental group, while 12 other children were used as a control group. The ages of the children ranged from 3 years, 3 months to 5 years, 10 months. The average age of the experimental group was less than that of the control group. The experimental group was divided into three groups on the basis of language ability. The language program required the children to describe things, listen to the language models of the teacher, and imitate those models. Pretests administered at the beginning of the 5-month program were (1) the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA), (2) the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), and (3) the Irwin Articulation Test. Only the ITPA and PPVT were given as posttests. The scores of the experimental and control groups on the ITPA and PPVT did not differ significantly except on two subtests of the ITPA, both of which tested grammar skills. Thus, it was concluded that the language progra did produce some gain in the language ability of the experimental group. It was also found that the most able children at the beginning of the program benefited the most from the program. (WD)

Published
1967

172. Linking life history to landscape for threatened species conservation in a multiuse region.

Author

Shaw, Robyn E., Spencer, Peter B., Gibson, Lesley A., Dunlop, Judy A., Kinloch, Janine E., Mokany, Karel, Byrne, Margaret, Moritz, Craig, Davie, Harriet, Travouillon, Kenny J., and Ottewell, Kym M.

Subjects
ENDANGERED species, WILDLIFE conservation, LIFE history theory, ALLUVIAL plains, LANDSCAPES, HABITATS, POPULATION dynamics
Abstract

Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2023
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179. Selecting treatment options in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer

Author

Byrne, Margaret and Saif, Muhammad Wasif

Subjects
Lonsurf, fluoropyrimidine, NRAS, Review, bevacizumab, TKI, digestive system diseases, PD-1 inhibitor, FOLFIRI, refractory, platelet-derived growth factor receptors, advanced, colon cancer, HER2, cetuximab, KRAS, regorafenib, panitumumab, epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
Abstract

Survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has significantly improved in the last decade. Survival gains are not driven by advances in first-line therapy but by incremental additional effects of subsequent treatment lines. To maximize outcomes, patients should receive all active agents. Identification of patient subgroups is increasing individualization of treatment. Novel oral agents, such as regorafenib and TAS-102, as well as promising immunotherapeutic agents have offered salvage treatment options for refractory mCRC. Although most therapeutic developments for mCRC in the chemorefractory setting focuses on new targets and/or more potent agents, reconsideration of established targets has gained importance with the growth of a rational pharmacogenomic approach to drug development, such as HER2. The authors describe treatment options for patients with refractory colon cancer following first- and second-line therapy.

Published
2019

185. nuanced nature of mesic refugia in arid landscapes: a tale of two peas.

Author

Bradbury, Donna, Binks, Rachel M, Leeuwen, Stephen van, Coates, David J, McArthur, Shelley L, Macdonald, Bronwyn M, Hankinson, Margaret, and Byrne, Margaret

Subjects
SOIL seed banks, RIPARIAN areas, LANDSCAPES, GENETIC variation, HAPLOTYPES
Abstract

Background and Aims Understanding how genetic diversity is distributed and maintained within species is a central tenet of evolutionary and conservation biology, yet is understudied in arid regions of the globe. In temperate, glaciated environments, high genetic diversity in plant species is frequently found in refugial areas, which are often associated with southern non-glaciated landscapes. In arid, unglaciated environments, landscape features providing mesic conditions are likely to be refugia, although our understanding needs more refinement in these biomes. We test whether refugia and nuclear diversity hotspots occur in high-elevation, topographically complex areas for co-distributed shrubs (Petalostylis labicheoides and Indigofera monophylla ; Fabaceae) in the ancient, arid Pilbara bioregion of north-western Australia. Methods We conducted extensive sampling of the Pilbara (>1400 individuals from 62 widespread populations) to detect patterns in nuclear diversity and structure based on 13–16 microsatellite loci. Evidence of historical refugia was investigated based on patterns of diversity in three non-coding chloroplast (cp) sequence regions for approx. 240 individuals per species. Haplotype relationships were defined with median-joining networks and maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees. Key Results We found cpDNA evidence for a high-elevation refugium in P. labicheoides but not for I. monophylla that instead exhibited extraordinary haplotype diversity and evidence for persistence across a widespread area. Nuclear diversity hotspots occurred in, but were not exclusive to, high-elevation locations and extended to adjacent, low-elevation riparian areas in both species. Conclusions Phylogeographic refugia in arid environments may occur in high-elevation areas for some species but not all, and may be influenced by species-specific traits: a mesic montane refugium in P. labicheoides could be related to its preference for growth in water-gaining areas, while a lack of such evidence in I. monophylla could be related to maintenance of cpDNA diversity in a large soil seed bank and dynamic evolutionary history. Mesic environments created by the intersection of topographically complex landscapes with riparian zones can be contemporary reservoirs of genetic diversity in arid landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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190. Quality of Neurologic Care in the United States

Author

Wilson, Andrew M., primary, Benish, Sarah M., additional, McCarthy, Lucas, additional, Romano, Jose G., additional, Lundgren, Karen B., additional, Byrne, Margaret, additional, Schierman, Becky, additional, and Jones, Lyell K., additional

Published
2021
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191. Genomic constraints to drought adaptation

Author

Ahrens, Collin W, primary, Murray, Kevin, additional, Mazanec, Richard A, additional, Ferguson, Scott, additional, Bragg, Jason, additional, Jones, Ashley, additional, Tissue, David T, additional, Byrne, Margaret, additional, Borevitz, Justin O, additional, and Rymer, Paul D, additional

Published
2021
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193. Genetic variation and resilience to climate change in Mediterranean-type trees

Author

Hardy, Giles, Byrne, Margaret, Andrew, Margaret, Rymer, P., Filipe, João Carlos Melanda, Hardy, Giles, Byrne, Margaret, Andrew, Margaret, Rymer, P., and Filipe, João Carlos Melanda

Abstract

Climate models predict that temperature means will continuously increase globally, and that heatwaves and drought periods will become more frequent and intense, particularly in Mediterranean-type climates. The Southwest Western Australia (SWWA) Biodiversity Hotspot has extensive forest environments that have been subject to heatwaves and drought-induced forest mortality in recent years, impacting forest carbon sequestration and local ecological structure. Although, species may persist through enhanced physiological tolerance, phenotypic plasticity and/or genetic adaptation. Genetic variation is critical for ecological adaptive capacity - the potential and ability to adjust to, and persist through, external factors - and consequently, the evolutionary potential of the species. Evolution to a specific environment through natural selection results in patterns of local adaptation (when a local population experiences higher fitness compared to non-local counterparts). Local adaptation can be identified by either genome wide surveys that link genetic variants to climate variables or measuring plant traits indicative of plant performance and survival through reciprocal transplants in common environments. Exploring genetic adaptation patterns associated with physiological tolerance to climate can guide forest management approaches to enhance forests’ resilience to climate change, such as assisted gene migration. The genetic survey (Chapter 2) sampled natural jarrah populations and obtained 13,534 independent single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers across the genome. Three genotype-association analyses were used to identify putatively adapted SNPs associated with independent climate variables. While overall levels of population differentiation were low (FST=0.04), environmental association analyses found a total of 2,336 unique SNPs associated with temperature and precipitation variables, with 1,440 SNPs annotated to genic regions. Considerable allelic turnover was ident

Published
2021

194. Association of putatively adaptive genetic variation with climatic variables differs between a parasite and its host

Author

Walters, Sheree J., Robinson, Todd, Byrne, Margaret, Wardell-Johnson, Grant, Nevill, Paul, Walters, Sheree J., Robinson, Todd, Byrne, Margaret, Wardell-Johnson, Grant, and Nevill, Paul

Abstract

Parasitism is a pervasive phenomenon in nature with the relationship between species driving evolution in both parasite and host. Due to their host-dependent lifestyle, parasites may adapt to the abiotic environment in ways that differ from their hosts or from free-living relatives; yet rarely has this been assessed. Here, we test two competing hypotheses related to whether putatively adaptive genetic variation in a specialist mistletoe associates with the same, or different, climatic variables as its host species. We sampled 11 populations of the specialist mistletoe Amyema gibberula var. tatei (n = 154) and 10 populations of its associated host Hakea recurva subsp. recurva (n = 160). Reduced-representation sequencing was used to obtain genome-wide markers and putatively adaptive variation detected using genome scan methods. Climate associations were identified using generalized dissimilarity modelling, and these were mapped geographically to visualize the spatial patterns of genetic composition. Our results supported the hypothesis of parasites and host species responding differently to climatic variables. Temperature was relatively more important in predicting allelic turnover in the specialist mistletoe while precipitation was more important for the host. This suggests that parasitic plants and host species may respond differently to selective pressures, potentially as a result of differing nutrient acquisition strategies. Specifically, mistletoes acquire water from hosts (rather than the abiotic environment), which may provide a buffer to precipitation as a selective pressure. This work deepens and complements the physiological and other ecological studies of adaptation and provides a window into the evolutionary processes that underlie previously observed phenomena. Applying these methods to a comparative study in a host–parasite system has also highlighted factors that affect the study of selection pressure on nonmodel organisms, such as differing adaptation

Published
2021

195. Facilitating adaptation of biodiversity to climate change: a conceptual framework applied to the world’s largest Mediterranean-climate woodland

Author

Prober, Suzanne M., Thiele, Kevin R., Rundel, Philip W., Yates, Colin J., Berry, Sandra L., Byrne, Margaret, Christidis, Les, Gosper, Carl R., Grierson, Pauline F., Lemson, Kristina, Lyons, Tom, Macfarlane, Craig, O’Connor, Michael H., Scott, John K., Standish, Rachel J., Stock, William D., van Etten, Eddie J. B., Wardell-Johnson, Grant W., and Watson, Alexander

Published
2012
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