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483 results on '"Butler, N R"'

151. Eosinophilic Granuloma of Skin

Author

Butler, N. R. and Garretts, M.

Subjects
Eosinophilic Granuloma, Humans, Infant, Section of Pædiatrics, Child, Lipidoses, Skin
Published
1953

154. GRB 080503: Hubble space telescope imaging

Author

Bloom, J. S., Li, W., Levan, A. J., Perley, D. A., Tanvir, N. R., Butler, N. R., Chen, H. -W, Chornock, R., Prochaska, J. X., Bailyn, C. D., Bunker, A., Cobb, B., Hall, P. B., Filippenko, A. V., Gehrels, N., Glazebrook, K., Granot, J., Hurley, K. C., Kocevski, D., Metzger, B., Modjaz, M., Miller, A., Lee, W., Lopez, S., Norris, J., Nugent, P. E., Pettini, M., Dovi Poznanski, Piro, A. L., Quataert, E., Ramirez-Ruiz, E., Shiode, J., and Sakamoto, T.

155. GRB 080503: Chandra observation of X-ray rebrightening or flattening

Author

Butler, N. R., Bloom, J. S., Li, W., Levan, A. J., Perley, D. A., Tanvir, N. R., Chen, H. -W, Chornock, R., Prochaska, J. X., Bailyn, C. D., Bunker, A., Exeter, U., Cobb, B., Hall, P. B., Filippenko, A. V., Gehrels, N., Burrows, D., Glazebrook, K., Granot, J., Hurley, K. C., Kocevski, D., Metzger, B., Modjaz, M., Miller, A., Lee, W., Lopez, S., Norris, J., Peter Nugent, Pettini, M., Poznanski, D., Piro, A. L., Quataert, E., Ramirez-Ruiz, E., Shiode, J., and Sakamoto, T.

156. GRB 080503: 2nd epoch Chandra X-ray observations

Author

Butler, N. R., Bloom, J. S., Li, W., Levan, A. J., Perley, D. A., Tanvir, N. R., Chen, H. -W, Chornock, R., Prochaska, J. X., Bailyn, C. D., Bunker, A., Cobb, B., Hall, P. B., Filippenko, A. V., Gehrels, N., Burrows, D., Glazebrook, K., Granot, J., Hurley, K. C., Kocevski, D., Metzger, B., Modjaz, M., Miller, A., Lee, W., Lopez, S., Norris, J., Peter Nugent, Pettini, M., Poznanski, D., Piro, A. L., Quataert, E., Ramirez-Ruiz, E., Shiode, J., and Sakamoto, T.

157. AFTERGLOW OBSERVATIONS OF FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AND THE EMERGING CLASS OF HYPER-ENERGETIC EVENTS

Author

Reichart, D. E., Kulkarni, S. R., Kasliwal, M. M., Harrison, F. A., Chandra, P., Morgan, A. N., Prochaska, J. X., Cobb, B. E., Pettini, M., Frail, D. A., Ivarsen, K. M., Cucchiara, A., Cenko, S. B., Glazebrook, K., Rana, V. R., Lopez, S., Berger, E., Bloom, J. S., Lacluyze, A. P., Butler, N. R., Perley, D. A., Filippenko, A. V., Fox, D. B., and Haislip, J. B.

Subjects
13. Climate action, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present broadband (radio, optical, and X-ray) light curves and spectra of the afterglows of four long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs; GRBs 090323, 090328, 090902B, and 090926A) detected by the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor and Large Area Telescope (LAT) instruments on the Fermi satellite. With its wide spectral bandpass, extending to GeV energies, Fermi is sensitive to GRBs with very large isotropic energy releases (1054 erg). Although rare, these events are particularly important for testing GRB central-engine models. When combined with spectroscopic redshifts, our afterglow data for these four events are able to constrain jet collimation angles, the density structure of the circumburst medium, and both the true radiated energy release and the kinetic energy of the outflows. In agreement with our earlier work, we find that the relativistic energy budget of at least one of these events (GRB 090926A) exceeds the canonical value of 1051 erg by an order of magnitude. Such energies pose a severe challenge for models in which the GRB is powered by a magnetar or a neutrino-driven collapsar, but remain compatible with theoretical expectations for magnetohydrodynamical collapsar models (e.g., the Blandford-Znajek mechanism). Our jet opening angles (θ) are similar to those found for pre-Fermi GRBs, but the large initial Lorentz factors (Γ0) inferred from the detection of GeV photons imply θΓ0 ≈ 70-90, values which are above those predicted in magnetohydrodynamic models of jet acceleration. Finally, we find that these Fermi-LAT events preferentially occur in a low-density circumburst environment, and we speculate that this might result from the lower mass-loss rates of their lower-metallicity progenitor stars. Future studies of Fermi-LAT afterglows at radio wavelengths with the order-of-magnitude improvement in sensitivity offered by the Extended Very Large Array should definitively establish the relativistic energy budgets of these events.

158. GRB 130831A: The Birth and Death of a Magnetar at z=0.5

Author

Pasquale, M., Volnova, A. A., Trotter, A., Frank, N. R., Butler, N. R., Cano, Z., Littlejohns, O., Bloom, J., Prochaska, J. X., Diego, J. A., Richer, M. G., Roman-Zuniga, C., Watson, A., Moseley, S. H., Kutyrev, A., Hoette, V., Russell, R., Rumyantsev, V., Klunko, E., Burkhonov, O., Reichart, D., Haislip, J., Oates, S. R., Kann, D. A., Zhang, B., Pozanenko, A., Cucchiara, A., Troja, E., Sbarufatti, B., Steve Schulze, Page, M. J., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Gorosabel, J., Lien, A., Fox, O. D., Gonzalez, J., Gehrels, N., Zane, S., and Breeveld, A.

159. THE AFTERGLOWS OF SWIFT-ERA GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. I. COMPARING PRE-SWIFT AND SWIFT-ERA LONG/SOFT (TYPE II) GRB OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS

Author

Kann, D. A., Klose, S., Zhang, B., Malesani, D., Nakar, E., Pozanenko, A., Wilson, A. C., Butler, N. R., Jakobsson, P., Schulze, S., Andreev, M., Antonelli, L. A., Bikmaev, I. F., Biryukov, V., B¨ottcher, M., Burenin, R. A., Castro Cer´on, J. M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chincarini, G., Cobb, B. E., Covino, S., D’Avanzo, P., D’Elia, V., Della Valle, M., de Ugarte Postigo, A., Efimov, Yu, Ferrero, P., Fugazza, D., Fynbo, J. P.U., Gålfalk, M., Grundahl, F., Gorosabel, J., Gupta, S., Guziy, S., Hafizov, B., Hjorth, J., Holhjem, K., Ibrahimov, M., Im, M., Israel, G. L., Je´linek, M., Jensen, B. L., Karimov, R., Khamitov, I. M., Kizilogˇlu, U., Klunko, E., Kuba´nek, P., Kutyrev, A. S., Laursen, P., Levan, A. J., Mannucci, F., Martin, C. M., Mescheryakov, A., Mirabal, N., Norris, J. P., Ovaldsen, J. -E., Paraficz, D., Pavlenko, E., Piranomonte, S., Rossi, A., Rumyantsev, V., Salinas, R., Sergeev, A., Sharapov, D., Sollerman, J., Stecklum, B., Stella, L., Tagliaferri, G., Tanvir, N. R., Telting, J., Testa, V., Updike, Adria, Volnova, A., Watson, D., Wiersema, K., Xu, D., Kann, D. A., Klose, S., Zhang, B., Malesani, D., Nakar, E., Pozanenko, A., Wilson, A. C., Butler, N. R., Jakobsson, P., Schulze, S., Andreev, M., Antonelli, L. A., Bikmaev, I. F., Biryukov, V., B¨ottcher, M., Burenin, R. A., Castro Cer´on, J. M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chincarini, G., Cobb, B. E., Covino, S., D’Avanzo, P., D’Elia, V., Della Valle, M., de Ugarte Postigo, A., Efimov, Yu, Ferrero, P., Fugazza, D., Fynbo, J. P.U., Gålfalk, M., Grundahl, F., Gorosabel, J., Gupta, S., Guziy, S., Hafizov, B., Hjorth, J., Holhjem, K., Ibrahimov, M., Im, M., Israel, G. L., Je´linek, M., Jensen, B. L., Karimov, R., Khamitov, I. M., Kizilogˇlu, U., Klunko, E., Kuba´nek, P., Kutyrev, A. S., Laursen, P., Levan, A. J., Mannucci, F., Martin, C. M., Mescheryakov, A., Mirabal, N., Norris, J. P., Ovaldsen, J. -E., Paraficz, D., Pavlenko, E., Piranomonte, S., Rossi, A., Rumyantsev, V., Salinas, R., Sergeev, A., Sharapov, D., Sollerman, J., Stecklum, B., Stella, L., Tagliaferri, G., Tanvir, N. R., Telting, J., Testa, V., Updike, Adria, Volnova, A., Watson, D., Wiersema, K., and Xu, D.

Abstract

Published in: Astrophysical Journal, Volume 720, 2010

160. Evidence for supernova-synthesized dust from the rising afterglow of GRB071025 at z ∼ 5

Author

Perley, Daniel A., Bloom, J. S., Klein, C. R., Covino, S., Minezaki, T., Wo´zniak, P., Vestrand, W. T., Williams, G. G., Milne, P., Butler, N. R., Updike, Adria, Kr¨uhler, T., Afonso, P., Antonelli, A., Cowie, L., Ferrero, P., Greiner, J., Hartmann, D. H., Kakazu, Y., K¨upc¨u Yoldas¸, A., Morgan, A. N., Price, P. A., Prochaska, J. X., Yoshii, Y., Perley, Daniel A., Bloom, J. S., Klein, C. R., Covino, S., Minezaki, T., Wo´zniak, P., Vestrand, W. T., Williams, G. G., Milne, P., Butler, N. R., Updike, Adria, Kr¨uhler, T., Afonso, P., Antonelli, A., Cowie, L., Ferrero, P., Greiner, J., Hartmann, D. H., Kakazu, Y., K¨upc¨u Yoldas¸, A., Morgan, A. N., Price, P. A., Prochaska, J. X., and Yoshii, Y.

Abstract

Published in: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 406, 2010

161. Evidence for supernova-synthesized dust from the rising afterglow of GRB071025 at z ∼ 5

Author

Perley, Daniel A., Bloom, J. S., Klein, C. R., Covino, S., Minezaki, T., Wo´zniak, P., Vestrand, W. T., Williams, G. G., Milne, P., Butler, N. R., Updike, Adria, Kr¨uhler, T., Afonso, P., Antonelli, A., Cowie, L., Ferrero, P., Greiner, J., Hartmann, D. H., Kakazu, Y., K¨upc¨u Yoldas¸, A., Morgan, A. N., Price, P. A., Prochaska, J. X., Yoshii, Y., Perley, Daniel A., Bloom, J. S., Klein, C. R., Covino, S., Minezaki, T., Wo´zniak, P., Vestrand, W. T., Williams, G. G., Milne, P., Butler, N. R., Updike, Adria, Kr¨uhler, T., Afonso, P., Antonelli, A., Cowie, L., Ferrero, P., Greiner, J., Hartmann, D. H., Kakazu, Y., K¨upc¨u Yoldas¸, A., Morgan, A. N., Price, P. A., Prochaska, J. X., and Yoshii, Y.

Abstract

Published in: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 406, 2010

162. THE AFTERGLOWS OF SWIFT-ERA GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. I. COMPARING PRE-SWIFT AND SWIFT-ERA LONG/SOFT (TYPE II) GRB OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS

Author

Kann, D. A., Klose, S., Zhang, B., Malesani, D., Nakar, E., Pozanenko, A., Wilson, A. C., Butler, N. R., Jakobsson, P., Schulze, S., Andreev, M., Antonelli, L. A., Bikmaev, I. F., Biryukov, V., B¨ottcher, M., Burenin, R. A., Castro Cer´on, J. M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chincarini, G., Cobb, B. E., Covino, S., D’Avanzo, P., D’Elia, V., Della Valle, M., de Ugarte Postigo, A., Efimov, Yu, Ferrero, P., Fugazza, D., Fynbo, J. P.U., Gålfalk, M., Grundahl, F., Gorosabel, J., Gupta, S., Guziy, S., Hafizov, B., Hjorth, J., Holhjem, K., Ibrahimov, M., Im, M., Israel, G. L., Je´linek, M., Jensen, B. L., Karimov, R., Khamitov, I. M., Kizilogˇlu, U., Klunko, E., Kuba´nek, P., Kutyrev, A. S., Laursen, P., Levan, A. J., Mannucci, F., Martin, C. M., Mescheryakov, A., Mirabal, N., Norris, J. P., Ovaldsen, J. -E., Paraficz, D., Pavlenko, E., Piranomonte, S., Rossi, A., Rumyantsev, V., Salinas, R., Sergeev, A., Sharapov, D., Sollerman, J., Stecklum, B., Stella, L., Tagliaferri, G., Tanvir, N. R., Telting, J., Testa, V., Updike, Adria, Volnova, A., Watson, D., Wiersema, K., Xu, D., Kann, D. A., Klose, S., Zhang, B., Malesani, D., Nakar, E., Pozanenko, A., Wilson, A. C., Butler, N. R., Jakobsson, P., Schulze, S., Andreev, M., Antonelli, L. A., Bikmaev, I. F., Biryukov, V., B¨ottcher, M., Burenin, R. A., Castro Cer´on, J. M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chincarini, G., Cobb, B. E., Covino, S., D’Avanzo, P., D’Elia, V., Della Valle, M., de Ugarte Postigo, A., Efimov, Yu, Ferrero, P., Fugazza, D., Fynbo, J. P.U., Gålfalk, M., Grundahl, F., Gorosabel, J., Gupta, S., Guziy, S., Hafizov, B., Hjorth, J., Holhjem, K., Ibrahimov, M., Im, M., Israel, G. L., Je´linek, M., Jensen, B. L., Karimov, R., Khamitov, I. M., Kizilogˇlu, U., Klunko, E., Kuba´nek, P., Kutyrev, A. S., Laursen, P., Levan, A. J., Mannucci, F., Martin, C. M., Mescheryakov, A., Mirabal, N., Norris, J. P., Ovaldsen, J. -E., Paraficz, D., Pavlenko, E., Piranomonte, S., Rossi, A., Rumyantsev, V., Salinas, R., Sergeev, A., Sharapov, D., Sollerman, J., Stecklum, B., Stella, L., Tagliaferri, G., Tanvir, N. R., Telting, J., Testa, V., Updike, Adria, Volnova, A., Watson, D., Wiersema, K., and Xu, D.

Abstract

Published in: Astrophysical Journal, Volume 720, 2010

186. A nearby long gamma-ray burst from a merger of compact objects.

Author

Troja E, Fryer CL, O'Connor B, Ryan G, Dichiara S, Kumar A, Ito N, Gupta R, Wollaeger RT, Norris JP, Kawai N, Butler NR, Aryan A, Misra K, Hosokawa R, Murata KL, Niwano M, Pandey SB, Kutyrev A, van Eerten HJ, Chase EA, Hu YD, Caballero-Garcia MD, and Castro-Tirado AJ

Subjects
Stars, Celestial
Abstract

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are flashes of high-energy radiation arising from energetic cosmic explosions. Bursts of long (greater than two seconds) duration are produced by the core-collapse of massive stars 1 , and those of short (less than two seconds) duration by the merger of compact objects, such as two neutron stars 2 . A third class of events with hybrid high-energy properties was identified 3 , but never conclusively linked to a stellar progenitor. The lack of bright supernovae rules out typical core-collapse explosions 4-6 , but their distance scales prevent sensitive searches for direct signatures of a progenitor system. Only tentative evidence for a kilonova has been presented 7,8 . Here we report observations of the exceptionally bright GRB 211211A, which classify it as a hybrid event and constrain its distance scale to only 346 megaparsecs. Our measurements indicate that its lower-energy (from ultraviolet to near-infrared) counterpart is powered by a luminous (approximately 10 42  erg per second) kilonova possibly formed in the ejecta of a compact object merger., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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187. A trial of health education aimed to reduce cigarette smoking among pregnant women.

Author

Rush D, Orme J, King J, Eiser JR, and Butler NR

Subjects
Breath Tests, Carbon Monoxide analysis, England epidemiology, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Smoking epidemiology, Smoking physiopathology, Smoking Cessation statistics & numerical data, Thiocyanates blood, Health Education methods, Health Education statistics & numerical data, Pregnancy Complications prevention & control, Smoking Prevention
Abstract

Three hundred and forty-six women who reported smoking one or more cigarettes per day prior to the 20th week of gestation were recruited into a trial of health educational counselling to stop or reduce cigarette smoking. Counselling was begun at the first prenatal visit and then continued subsequently in the home. Among the 319 women included in analysis, at first follow-up visit those who received counselling smoked 1.7 fewer cigarettes a day than control women (P less than 0.05) and 10.4% had stopped smoking, compared to 5.4% in the control group (NS). Similar but not significant differences were noted at the end of pregnancy. Study effects were limited to the 284 women smoking five or more cigarettes a day at booking. This report refers primarily to them. At first follow-up visit the proportion of such women in the counselled group who ceased smoking (9.3%) was significantly greater than in the control group (2.6%; P less than 0.05). The magnitude of this difference persisted through late pregnancy (11.8% vs. 4.3%; NS) and delivery (10.6% vs. 4.7%; NS). The differences between counselled women and controls in numbers of cigarettes reported smoked at first and last prenatal follow-up visits (2.4 and 2.1) and at delivery (2.0) were all statistically significant. While there was no effect of counselling on either serum thiocyanate or end expiratory carbon monoxide, the counselled group gained slightly more weight than controls during the study (0.47 vs. 0.44 kg per week among controls; NS), and their infants had modestly higher birthweight (44 g; NS).

Published
1992
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188. Plus ça change: predictors of birthweight in two national studies.

Author

Peters TJ, Golding J, Butler NR, Fryer JG, Lawrence CJ, and Chamberlain GV

Subjects
Analysis of Variance, Body Height, Female, Fetal Death epidemiology, Humans, Infant Mortality, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Age, Parity, Pre-Eclampsia complications, Pregnancy, Smoking, Social Class, United Kingdom, Birth Weight
Abstract

The 16 989 singleton births in one week of March, 1958, studied by the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, were subjected to an analysis of covariance, which showed that major factors associated with birthweight of the infant were: maternal height, history of smoking in pregnancy, parity and history of pre-eclampsia during the pregnancy. The same analysis was repeated on the data collected on 16792 singletons born 12 years later in one week of April, 1970 and studied by the British Births Survey. In spite of major changes in obstetric practice and in the maternal population, the same factors were shown to be highly significant and the magnitude of the associations had changed little.

Published
1983
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189. Breastfeeding and eczema/asthma.

Author

Golding J, Butler NR, and Taylor B

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Hydrocarbons, Halogenated poisoning, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Pregnancy, Asthma etiology, Breast Feeding, Eczema etiology
Published
1982
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191. Delayed onset of regular respiration and subsequent development.

Author

Peters TJ, Golding J, Lawrence CJ, Fryer JG, Chamberlain GV, and Butler NR

Subjects
Bronchitis complications, Cerebral Palsy complications, Child, Preschool, Congenital Abnormalities complications, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Growth, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Respiration Disorders complications, Respiration Disorders mortality, Respiration, Artificial adverse effects, Child Development, Respiration Disorders congenital
Abstract

A comprehensive survey carried out at birth, data on mortality and a 5 year follow-up covering medical, educational and sociological aspects of child development were available for singleton births born in one week of April 1970. The survey at 5 years of age included 12363 children, 79.6% of the surviving cohort. An assessment has been made of the extent to which delay in the onset of regular respiration at birth is associated with the subsequent development of the child. Using the results of our previous investigations, the relationships between this delay and other factors known at the time of birth have been taken into account. The distributions of a large number of development variables were not significantly different for groups of children determined by respiratory delay at birth, but there was an association with mortality and cerebral palsy. In addition, there was an unexpected relationship between delayed onset of respiration and subsequent bronchitis. This association remained significant after controlling for possible confounding effects using linear modelling techniques.

Published
1984
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192. Factors associated with delayed onset of regular respiration.

Author

Peters TJ, Golding J, Lawrence CJ, Fryer JG, Chamberlain GV, and Butler NR

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Labor, Obstetric, Male, Maternal Age, Parity, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk, Sex Factors, Smoking, Social Class, Respiration Disorders congenital
Abstract

In a population of 16333 singleton births born in one week of April, 1970, 4.4% failed to establish regular respiration within 3 min of birth. A follow-up at 5 years of age collected medical, educational and sociological information on 79.6% of the survivors of the cohort identified by the birth survey. Data have been analysed to investigate the relationships between the delay in the onset of regular respiration and possible risk factors identifiable prior to or at the time of birth. Complex statistical analysis employing linear modelling techniques showed that the delay in the onset of respiration was primarily related to: null and high parity; antepartum haemorrhage (especially placenta praevia); pre-eclampsia; breech delivery; Caesarian section and low birthweight. There was no association with maternal smoking during pregnancy or with social class. These conclusions are reasonably consistent with those drawn from other studies using alternative measures of asphyxia.

Published
1984
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193. Polysynostosis: the association of extracranial synostosis and craniostenosis.

Author

Gordon IR, Burman D, and Butler NR

Subjects
Adult, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Craniosynostoses diagnostic imaging, Elbow diagnostic imaging, Female, Humans, Infant, Intellectual Disability etiology, Male, Radiography, Radius diagnostic imaging, Skull abnormalities, Skull growth & development, Synostosis diagnostic imaging, Ulna diagnostic imaging, Craniosynostoses complications, Synostosis complications
Published
1974
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195. The safest place of birth.

Author

Butler NR and Golding J

Subjects
Adult, Female, Fetal Death epidemiology, Home Care Services, Humans, Infant Mortality, Infant, Newborn, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital, Pregnancy, Private Practice, Risk, Safety, United Kingdom, Delivery, Obstetric
Published
1979
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196. Certain causes of neonatal death. V. Cerebral birth trauma.

Author

Fedrick J and Butler NR

Subjects
Adult, Birth Injuries complications, Birth Injuries etiology, Birth Weight, Brain Injuries complications, Brain Injuries etiology, Cesarean Section, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Labor Presentation, Male, Maternal Age, Obstetric Labor Complications, Parity, Pre-Eclampsia complications, Pregnancy, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn complications, Respiratory Tract Infections complications, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Birth Injuries mortality, Brain Injuries mortality, Fetal Death etiology
Published
1971
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198. Certain causes of neonatal death. 3. Pulmonary infection. Pregnancy and delivery.

Author

Fedrick J and Butler NR

Subjects
Extraembryonic Membranes, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, Diseases etiology, Lung Diseases complications, Lung Diseases etiology, Maternal Age, Parity, Pre-Eclampsia complications, Pregnancy, Rupture, Social Class, Time Factors, Uterine Hemorrhage complications, Delivery, Obstetric, Fetal Death etiology, Infant Mortality, Infant, Newborn, Diseases mortality, Labor, Obstetric, Lung Diseases mortality, Pregnancy Complications complications
Published
1971
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200. School attainment of seven-year-old children with hearing difficulties.

Author

Peckham CS, Sheridan M, and Butler NR

Subjects
Audiometry, Child, Child Behavior Disorders etiology, Child Development, Educational Status, Female, Functional Laterality, Humans, Learning Disabilities etiology, Male, Movement Disorders etiology, Prognosis, Projective Techniques, Social Adjustment, Social Class, Achievement, Hearing Disorders complications, Hearing Disorders diagnosis
Published
1972
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