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China has consolidated itself as a global economic power, and its growth has been remarkable. China’s economic influence in Latin America has significantly increased, and the country has become one of the region’s most important and relevant trade partners. Therefore, the trade relations between Latin America and China are considered “strategic.” In this context, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between international trade with China and inclusive economic growth in Latin America from 2004 to 2021, using data from 13 countries in the region (Uruguay, Peru, Paraguay, Panama, Mexico, El Salvador, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Colombia, Chile, Brazil, Bolivia, and Argentina). Our research is quantitative in nature, with a non-experimental design and a correlational scope. The econometric model used panel data and the Newey-West estimator to account for first-order autocorrelation in the error. The results indicate a statistically significant and negative relationship between Latin American exports to China, which has a 10% impact on inclusive economic growth. Similarly, imports from China to Latin America show a statistically significant and negative relationship of 5% with inclusive economic growth. However, no discernible evidence was found to support a relationship between China’s foreign direct investment (FDI) in Latin American countries and inclusive economic growth., China se ha consolidado como una potencia global y su crecimiento ha sido notable. La influencia económica china en América Latina ha aumentado significativamente y el país es uno de los aliados comerciales más relevantes de la región. Por lo tanto, la relación comercial entre América Latina y China es estratégico. En este contexto, el estudio tiene como propósito analizar la relación entre el comercio internacional con China y el crecimiento económico inclusivo en América Latina entre 2004 y 2021, utilizando datos de 13 países de la región (Uruguay, Perú, Paraguay, Panamá, México, El Salvador, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Colombia, Chile, Brasil, Bolivia y Argentina). Nuestra investigación es de naturaleza cuantitativa, su diseño es no experimental y su alcance es correlacional. El modelo econométrico utilizado empleó datos de panel y el estimador Newey-West para tener en cuenta la autocorrelación de primer orden en el error. Los resultados indican una relación estadísticamente significativa y negativa entre las exportaciones latinoamericanas hacia China, lo cual tiene un impacto del 10 % en el crecimiento económico inclusivo. De manera similar, las importaciones desde China hacia América Latina muestran una relación estadísticamente significativa y negativa del 5 % con el crecimiento económico inclusivo. No se identificó evidencia que respalde una relación entre la inversión extranjera directa (IED) china en los países latinoamericanos y el crecimiento económico inclusivo

212 p., This Ph.D. project involves the temporal sequence of the earliest functional and structural events in the striatal synapses in a rat model of progressive parkinsonism induced by overexpression of human ¿-synuclein (h¿-syn) with A53T mutation (rAAV-h¿-syn) in the substantia nigra compacta (SNc), before parkinsoniasn motor features appear. We have observed a sequential pattern of events. The aggregation of h¿-syn in the striatal dopaminergic terminals firstly induces deregulation of proteins affecting metabolism followed by decreased mitochondrial respiration in striatal synaptosomes. Differential analysis by proteomics revealed significant deregulated proteins from biological pathways related to synaptic function and neurotransmission. These functional and proteostatic alterations precede the structural changes and the onset of degeneration of the dopaminergic axons in the striatum that precede the loss of neuronal soma in the SNc. Lastly, homeostatic changes in glutamatergic synapses are simultaneous to the onset of the synaptic functional deficit, and dendritic spine loss is accompanied by plastic events. These last findings could represent compensatory mechanisms to maintain normal function during the onset of dopaminergic degeneration. We count with a good model of progressive synaptopathy in the dopaminergic pathway linked to the accumulation of h¿-syn, providing an excellent preclinical model to develop new synapse-targeted therapies.

Degut tant a l’augment d’afluència com de temperatura exterior a l’aeroport d’Eivissa, s’ha decidit redissenyar el sistema de climatització per fer front a la càrrega tèrmica que produeix una de les sales més concorries d’aquest, la zona de filtres de seguretat. Per poder dur a terme aquest projecte, s’ha dimensionat la instal·lació seguint el següent ordre: Càlcul de la càrrega tèrmica a l’estància en el moment més desfavorable, elecció dels equips per fer front a la càrrega anterior, dimensionament del sistema de canonades i grups de pressió per l’alimentació d’aigua dels equips en funció de la potència instal·lada i finalment la realització d’una proposta econòmica. El resultat del dimensionament ha estat gratament satisfactori, donant lloc a una instal·lació funcional en termes mecànics i amb marge d’ampliació de la xarxa de clima per futures modificacions. Tots els equips han estat elegits perquè no hi hagi cap problema amb la integració de control de l’aeroport., Due to both the increase in traffic and the outside temperature at Ibiza airport, it has been decided to redesign the air conditioning system to cope with the thermal load produced by one of the busiest rooms in the airport, the security filter area. In order to carry out this project, the installation has been dimensioned in the following order: Calculation of the thermal load at the most unfavourable moment, selection of the equipment to cope with the previous load, sizing of the piping system and pressure groups for the water supply to the equipment according to the installed power and finally the preparation of an economic proposal. The result of the sizing has been pleasantly satisfactory, resulting in a functional installation in mechanical terms and with room for expansion of the climate network for future modifications. All the equipment has been chosen so that there is no problem with integration into the airport control system.

Application of concentrated solar energy (CSE) in the industry of materials is a promising alternative that is developing in recent years to reduce the environmental impact while accomplishing the objective of producing high-quality products. It is important to enlarge the processes being studied with the competition of CSE to find the most attractive for the scalation up to the industrial level and thus contributing to the energy transition in the field of materials. Systematic laboratory research has been conducted within the thermal decomposition of metal carbonates, sulphates, hydroxides, and metal oxides with promising results using CSE, which has the competing advantage of heat production without releasing pollutants and the construction of the installation as principal cost. Nevertheless, the thermal decomposition of zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4), despite of the importance of zirconium dioxide in the field of ceramics and the high energy consumption in the process, has never been reported in the literature using CSE. The process proposed in this manuscript consists of two stages, the pyrometallurgical one, based on the direct application of CSE to ZrSiO4 to dissociate it into ZrO2 and SiO2, and the hydrometallurgical one, based on the aqueous extraction of the zirconium dioxide with NaOH at 200 °C for 6 h in pressure reactor. The double-stage process based on CSE leads to the synthesis of close to 95% purity monoclinic ZrO2. The energy for the pyrometallurgical route is supplied by a renewable energy source (CSE), thus contributing to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the synthesis of ZrO2.

The increased recycling in aluminum production has raised the impurity content in the industry, thus increasing its effect on mechanical characteristics and making it difficult for recycled products to meet the properties’ goals as their effect is not yet sufficiently known. Therefore, the two main impurities (Fe and Si) in standard aluminum rolling mill products of alloy 5754 were investigated to determine their effects on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). After analyzing the composition, mechanical properties, and microstructure, the relationship of both impurities with the UTS in fully annealed products was estimated by statistical analysis, obtaining a strong influence of Si and Fe.

The objective of this research is to know the technological characteristics of down fibers such as mean diameter (DM), coefficient of variability of mean diameter (CVDM), comfort factor (FC), spinning fineness and curvature index (IC) of Ch’aku llama down fibers according to sex, color and age; and the degree of association between these characteristics in the herds of the Kishuara Community of the province of Andahuaylas, Apurimac-Peru. These characteristics were analyzed by means of two models, the first one corresponds to a 2x2x3x3x3 factorial arrangement and the second one corresponds to a 2x3x3 factorial arrangement conducted in a Complete Randomized Design. The results were: for the sex factor, only the IC characteristics showed differences (P ≤ 0,05); the fleece color pattern did not influence the expression of down fiber characteristics; and in the age category, FC was the only variable that did not correlate with the age of the animal; while the other textile characteristics showed differences (P ≤ 0,05). The correlation coefficients between the technological characteristics of llama fiber are classified in association from excellent to minimal. In summary, the down fibers of Ch’aku llamas are of sufficient quality to be used in the textile industry., Esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer las características tecnológicas de las fibras down como el diámetro medio (DM), coeficiente de variabilidad del diámetro medio (CVDM), factor de confort (FC), finura de hilado e índice de curvatura (IC) de las fibras down de llamas Ch’aku según sexo, color y edad; y el grado de asociación entre dichas características en los rebaños de la Comunidad Kishuara de la provincia de Andahuaylas, región Apurímac-Perú. Estas características se analizaron mediante dos modelos: un arreglo factorial de 2x2x3x3 y un arreglo factorial de 2x3x3 conducido en un diseño completo al azar. Según los resultados, para el factor sexo solo las características IC mostraron diferencias (P ≤ 0,05); el patrón de color del vellón no influye en la expresión de las características de la fibra down, y en la categoría etaria, el FC es la única variable que no guarda relación con la edad del animal, mientras que las demás características textiles presentan diferencias (P ≤ 0,05). Los coeficientes de correlación entre las características tecnológicas de la fibra de llamas se clasifican en asociación de excelente a mínima. En síntesis, las fibras down de las llamas Ch’aku reúnen la calidad suficiente para ser utilizadas en la industria textil.

Long-term potentiation and depression of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission (NMDAR LTP/LTD) can significantly impact synapse function and information transfer in several brain areas. However, the mechanisms that determine the direction of NMDAR plasticity are poorly understood. Here, using physiologically relevant patterns of presynaptic and postsynaptic burst activities, whole-cell patch clamp recordings, 2-photon laser calcium imaging in acute rat hippocampal slices and immunoelectron microscopy, we tested whether distinct calcium dynamics and group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (I-mGluR) subtypes control the sign of NMDAR plasticity. We found that postsynaptic calcium transients (CaTs) in response to hippocampal MF stimulation were significantly larger during the induction of NMDAR-LTP compared to NMDAR-LTD at the MF-to-CA3 pyramidal cell (MF-CA3) synapse. This difference was abolished by pharmacological blockade of mGluR5 and was significantly reduced by depletion of intracellular calcium stores, whereas blocking mGluR1 had no effect on these CaTs. In addition, we discovered that MF to hilar mossy cell (MF-MC) synapses, which share several structural and functional commonalities with MF-CA3 synapses, also undergoes NMDAR plasticity. To our surprise, however, we found that the postsynaptic distribution of I-mGluR subtypes at these two synapses differ, and the same induction protocol that induces NMDAR-LTD at MF-CA3 synapses, only triggered NMDAR-LTP at MF-MC synapses, despite a comparable calcium dynamics. Thus, postsynaptic calcium dynamics alone cannot predict the sign of NMDAR plasticity, indicating that both postsynaptic calcium rise and the relative contribution of I-mGluR subtypes likely determine the learning rules of NMDAR plasticity.

Coffee pulp is the main post-harvest residue from coffee cultivation that, due to not having proper management, becomes a contaminant that affects the soil, water and air. That is why this research aims to optimize the composting process from coffee pulp in the Unión Pucusani annex, to provide information to farmers in the area on proper management and use of their post-harvest waste. The experimental trial consisted of 6 treatments with three repetitions and they were the following: T0 (pulp), T1 (pulp + ash), T2 (pulp + ash + guinea pig manure), T3 (pulp + ash + guinea pig manure + inoculum of mountain microorganisms), T4 (pulp + guinea pig manure) and T5 (pulp + inoculum of mountain microorganisms). Each compost pile was 2 m2 and they were installed in the “El Inka” farm where the pH and temperature were monitored weekly. At the end of the 3 months of composting, the parameters of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Organic Matter (OM), N, K2O, P2O4, CaO and MgO were analyzed and compared with the Nch2880.Of2004 Compost - Classification and requirements. It was shown that the combination of ash with guinea pig manure increased CaO and MgO, which in turn raise pH and EC, while only the addition of guinea pig manure increased the levels of MO, N, K2O and MgO., La pulpa de café es el principal residuo poscosecha del cultivo de café que, al no tener un adecuado manejo, se convierte en un contaminante que afecta al suelo, al agua y al aire. Es por ello que esta investigación tiene como objetivo optimizar el proceso de compostaje a partir de pulpa de café en el anexo Unión Pucusani, Perú, para brindar información a los agricultores de la zona sobre un manejo y aprovechamiento adecuado de sus residuos poscosecha. El ensayo experimental constó de 6 tratamientos con tres repeticiones: T0 (pulpa), T1 (pulpa + ceniza), T2 (pulpa + ceniza + estiércol de cuy), T3 (pulpa + ceniza + estiércol de cuy + inóculo de microorganismos de montaña), T4 (pulpa + estiércol de cuy) y T5 (pulpa + inóculo de microorganismos de montaña). Cada pila de compost fue de 2 m2 y se instalaron en el fundo El Inka, donde se monitorearon semanalmente el pH y la temperatura. Finalizados los 3 meses de compostaje, se analizaron los parámetros de pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE), materia orgánica (MO), N, K2O, P2O4, CaO y MgO, y se compararon con la Nch2880.Of2004 Compost – Clasificación y requisitos. Se evidenció que la combinación de ceniza con estiércol de cuy incrementó el CaO y el MgO, que a su vez elevan el pH y la CE, mientras que solo la adición de estiércol de cuy aumentó los niveles de MO, N, K2O y MgO

19 p., [ES] Estudio sobre la exposición aguda al THC, sobre los cambios que genera a nivel ultraestructural en la región CA1 del hipocampo, tanto de manera dependiente como independiente al receptor CB1, que podrían contribuir en los efectos de los cannabinoides sobre la plasticidad sináptica, el comportamiento y la memoria.

El fenómeno de la violencia a la mujer, viene acrecentándose con el pasar de las décadas; es por eso que esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de la gestión del Centro de Emergencia Mujer (CEM) del Distrito del Puno en la calidad de vida de las mujeres peruanas víctimas de violencia durante el año 2022. Metodológicamente la investigación fue trabajada con el enfoque cuantitativo sustentada en el análisis teórico con diseño de investigación no experimental. El instrumento de recolección de información fue el cuestionario aplicado a una muestra de 164 mujeres usuarias del CEM. Los resultados revelan que las mujeres víctimas de violencia reconoce el impacto de la gestión del CEM en su calidad de vida principalmente en la dimensión del bienestar emocional, seguida por el bienestar social y el desarrollo personal. Se concluye que el papel institucional del CEM del Puno y los principios organizativos que guían a este tipo de instituciones determinan el reconocimiento como una instancia clave en la atención de la salud de las mujeres peruanas.

Application of concentrated solar energy (CSE) in the industry of materials is a promising alternative that is developing in recent years to reduce the environmental impact while accomplishing the objective of producing high-quality products. It is important to enlarge the processes being studied with the competition of CSE to find the most attractive for the scalation up to the industrial level and thus contributing to the energy transition in the field of materials. Systematic laboratory research has been conducted within the thermal decomposition of metal carbonates, sulphates, hydroxides, and metal oxides with promising results using CSE, which has the competing advantage of heat production without releasing pollutants and the construction of the installation as principal cost. Nevertheless, the thermal decomposition of zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4), despite of the importance of zirconium dioxide in the field of ceramics and the high energy consumption in the process, has never been reported in the literature using CSE. The process proposed in this manuscript consists of two stages, the pyrometallurgical one, based on the direct application of CSE to ZrSiO4 to dissociate it into ZrO2 and SiO2, and the hydrometallurgical one, based on the aqueous extraction of the zirconium dioxide with NaOH at 200 °C for 6 h in pressure reactor. The double-stage process based on CSE leads to the synthesis of close to 95% purity monoclinic ZrO2. The energy for the pyrometallurgical route is supplied by a renewable energy source (CSE), thus contributing to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the synthesis of ZrO2.

Adolescent binge drinking is a social problem with a long-lasting impact on cognitive functions. The cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptor of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in brain synaptic plasticity, cognition and behavior via receptor localization at specific subcellular compartments of the cortical, limbic and motor regions. Alcohol (EtOH) intake affects the ECS, CB1 and their functions. Evidence indicates that binge drinking during adolescence impairs memory via the abrogation of CB1-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. However, the impact of EtOH consumption on global CB1 receptor expression in the adult brain is unknown. We studied this using optical density analysis throughout brain regions processed for light microscopy (LM) immunohistotochemistry. CB1 staining decreased significantly in the secondary motor cortex, cerebellum, cingulate cortex, amygdala and nucleus accumbens. Next, as omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) rescue synaptic plasticity and improve EtOH-impaired cognition, we investigated whether docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) had any effect on CB1 receptors. N-3 intake during EtOH abstinence restored CB1 immunostaining in the secondary motor cortex, cerebellum and amygdala, and ameliorated receptor density in the cingulate cortex. These results show that n-3 supplementation recovers CB1 receptor expression disrupted by EtOH in distinct brain regions involved in motor functions and cognition.