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Intrinsic defects in CsPbBr3 microcrystalline films have been studied using thermally stimulated current (TSC) technique in a wide temperature range (100⁻400 K). Below room temperature, TSC emission is composed by a set of several energy levels, in the range 0.11⁻0.27 eV, suggesting a quasi-continuum distribution of states with almost constant density. Above room temperature, up to 400 K, the temperature range of interest for solar cells, both dark current and photocurrent, are mainly dominated by energy levels in the range 0.40⁻0.45 eV. Even if measured trap densities are high, in the range 1013⁻1016 cm−3, the very small capture cross-sections, about 10−26 m2, agree with the high defect tolerance characterizing this material.

Nanostructured Indium(III) oxide (In2O3) films deposited by low temperature pulsed electron deposition (LPED) technique on customized alumina printed circuit boards have been manufactured and characterized as gas sensing devices. Their electrical properties have monitored directly during deposition to optimize their sensing performance. Experimental results with oxidizing (NO2) as well as reducing (CO) gases in both air and inert gas carriers are discussed and modeled.

Molecular tests predicting the outcome of breast cancer patients based on gene expression levels can be used to assist in making treatment decisions after consideration of conventional markers. In this study we identified a subset of 20 mRNA differentially regulated in breast cancer analyzing several publicly available array gene expression data using R/Bioconductor package. Using RTqPCR we evaluate 261 consecutive invasive breast cancer cases not selected for age, adjuvant treatment, nodal and estrogen receptor status from paraffin embedded sections. The biological samples dataset was split into a training (137 cases) and a validation set (124 cases). The gene signature was developed on the training set and a multivariate stepwise Cox analysis selected five genes independently associated with DFS: FGF18 (HR = 1.13, p = 0.05), BCL2 (HR = 0.57, p = 0.001), PRC1 (HR = 1.51, p = 0.001), MMP9 (HR = 1.11, p = 0.08), SERF1a (HR = 0.83, p = 0.007). These five genes were combined into a linear score (signature) weighted according to the coefficients of the Cox model, as: 0.125FGF18 − 0.560BCL2 + 0.409PRC1 + 0.104MMP9 − 0.188SERF1A (HR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.9–4.0, p < 0.001). The signature was then evaluated on the validation set assessing the discrimination ability by a Kaplan Meier analysis, using the same cut offs classifying patients at low, intermediate or high risk of disease relapse as defined on the training set (p < 0.001). Our signature, after a further clinical validation, could be proposed as prognostic signature for disease free survival in breast cancer patients where the indication for adjuvant chemotherapy added to endocrine treatment is uncertain.

Ampullary lesions are rare and can be locally treated either with endoscopic papillectomy or transduodenal surgical ampullectomy. Management of local recurrence after a first-line treatment has been poorly studied. Patients with a local recurrence of an ampullary lesion initially treated with endoscopic papillectomy or transduodenal surgical ampullectomy were retrospectively included from a multi-institutional database (58 centers) between 2005 and 2018. A total of 103 patients were included, 21 (20.4%) treated with redo endoscopic papillectomy, 14 (13.6%) with transduodenal surgical ampullectomy, and 68 (66%) with pancreaticoduodenectomy. Redo endoscopic papillectomy had low morbidity with 4.8% (n = 1) severe to fatal complications and a R0 rate of 81% (n = 17). Transduodenal surgical ampullectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy after a first procedure had a higher morbidity with Clavien III and more complications, respectively, 28.6% (n = 4) and 25% (n = 17); R0 resection rates were 85.7% (n = 12) and 92.6% (n = 63), both without statistically significant difference compared to endoscopic papillectomy (P =.1 and 0.2). Pancreaticoduodenectomy had 4.4% (n = 2) mortality. No deaths were registered after transduodenal surgical ampullectomy or endoscopic papillectomy. Recurrences treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy were more likely to be adenocarcinomas (79.4%, n = 54 vs 21.4%, n = 3 for transduodenal surgical ampullectomy and 4.8%, n = 1 for endoscopic papillectomy, P <.0001). Three-year overall survival and disease-free survival were comparable. Endoscopy is appropriate for noninvasive recurrences, with resection rate and survival outcomes comparable to surgery. Surgery applies more to invasive recurrences, with transduodenal surgical ampullectomy rather for carcinoma in situ and early cancers and pancreaticoduodenectomy for more advanced tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identificamos, neste trabalho, a partir da documentação do debate travado acerca do Tratado Comercial Brasil-Estados Unidos, firmado em 1935, elementos que revelam a especificidade do pensamento econômico de Roberto Simonsen e a sua particular interpretação da história econômica do Brasil. Objetivamos verificar como, numa situação concreta de embate político, Simonsen mobilizou referenciais teóricos diversos, a fim de embasar seus argumentos e como, ao mesmo tempo, tal atuação na arena política teria contribuído para conformar seu pensamento econômico. A apropriação das ideias de dois autores alemães – Adolph Wagner e Karl Rodbertus – são analisadas, a partir das citações feitas por Simonsen e das obras dos respectivos autores. A forma mais consistente de defender interesses econômicos de classe, baseada em economistas internacionais e em excursos históricos bem informados, reveste a participação de Simonsen, no debate parlamentar em torno do Tratado, de um caráter particular, que o diferencia de seus colegas industriais, que faziam uma defesa da indústria mais baseada em argumentos morais.

A morte encefálica induz várias alterações fisiopatológicas que podem causar lesões em rins, pulmões, coração e fígado. Portanto, a atuação do intensivista durante a manutenção do potencial doador falecido exige cuidados específicos com estes órgãos visando sua maior viabilidade para transplantes. O manejo hemodinâmico cuidadoso, os cuidados ventilatórios e de higiene brônquica minimizam a perda de rins e pulmões para o transplante. A avaliação da condição morfológica e funcional do coração auxilia na avaliação do potencial transplantável deste órgão. Por fim, a avaliação da função hepática, assim como o controle metabólico e a realização de sorologias virais são fundamentais para a orientação das equipes transplantadoras na seleção do órgão a ser doado e no cuidado com o receptor.

Administration of L-carnitine in patients with anterior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) prevents left ventricular remodelling. Current study was aimed to assess the effect of L-carnitine administration on mortality and heart failure in patients with anterior AMI. CEDIM 2 trial was a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial planned to enrol 4,000 patients with acute anterior AMI. The trial was interrupted after the enrolment of 2,330 patients because of the lower than expected enrolment rate. The primary end point was a composite of death and heart failure at 6 months; 5-day mortality was the secondary end point. During the 6-month follow-up, the primary endpoint was not significantly different between the L-carnitine and placebo group (9,2 vs. 10,5%, p=0,27). A reduction in mortality was seen in the L-carnitine arm on day 5 (secondary end-point) from randomization (HR=0,61, 95% CI 0,37–0,98, p=0,041). In CEDIM 2 trial L-carnitine therapy led to a reduction in early mortality (secondary end-point) without affecting the risk of death and heart failure at 6 months in patients with anterior AMI, leading to a non-significant finding with respect to the primary end-point.

A thorough study on the distribution of defect-related active energy levels has been performed on nanocrystalline TiO2. Films have been deposited on thick-alumina printed circuit boards equipped with electrical contacts, heater and temperature sensors, to carry out a detailed thermally stimulated currents analysis on a wide temperature range (5–630 K), in view to evidence contributions from shallow to deep energy levels within the gap. Data have been processed by numerically modelling electrical transport. The model considers both free and hopping contribution to conduction, a density of states characterized by an exponential tail of localized states below the conduction band and the convolution of standard Thermally Stimulated Currents (TSC) emissions with gaussian distributions to take into account the variability in energy due to local perturbations in the highly disordered network. Results show that in the low temperature range, up to 200 K, hopping within the exponential band tail represents the main contribution to electrical conduction. Above room temperature, electrical conduction is dominated by free carriers contribution and by emissions from deep energy levels, with a defect density ranging within 1014–1018 cm−3, associated with physio- and chemi-sorbed water vapour, OH groups and to oxygen vacancies.

OBJETIVO: Conhecer as características dos pacientes submetidos a um protocolo operacional padrão institucional de atendimento a pacientes reanimados após episódio de parada cardiorrespiratória incluindo a aplicação de hipotermia terapêutica. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados retrospectivamente 26 pacientes consecutivos após episódio de parada cardiorrespiratória de janeiro de 2007 a novembro de 2008. RESULTADOS: Todos os casos foram submetidos a hipotermia terapêutica. Idade média de 63 anos, predominantemente do sexo masculino. O local da parada cardiorrespiratória foi extra-hospitalar em 8 casos, pronto socorro em 3, durante internação fora da unidade de terapia intensiva em 13 casos e o bloco cirúrgico em 2 casos. O ritmo de parada foi fibrilação ventricular em sete pacientes, assistolia em 11, atividade elétrica sem pulso em 5 casos e não foi determinado em 3 pacientes. O intervalo entre a parada e o retorno à circulação espontânea foi de 12 ± 5 minutos. O tempo requerido para alcançar a temperatura alvo foi de 5 ± 4 horas, o tempo de hipotermia foi de 22 ± 6 horas e para o reaquecimento usaram-se 9 ± 5,9 horas. Catorze pacientes evoluíram a óbito na unidade de terapia intensiva, representando uma mortalidade de 54%, e três pacientes tiveram o mesmo desfecho durante a internação, determinando uma mortalidade intra-hospitalar de 66%. Houve redução estatisticamente significativa dos valores de hemoglobina (p OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics of patients undergoing standard institutional protocol for management of resuscitated patients after a cardiac arrest episode, including therapeutic hypothermia. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of 26 consecutive patients admitted following cardiac arrest, between January 2007 and November 2008. RESULTS: All cases underwent therapeutic hypothermia. Average age was 63 years, and the patients were predominantly male. Cardiac arrest event was out-of-hospital in 8 cases, in the emergency room in 3 cases, in the wards in 13 cases and in the operation room in 2 cases. The cardiac arrest rhythm was ventricular fibrillation in seven patients, asystolia in 11, pulseless electrical activity in 5 cases, and was undetermined in 3 patients. The interval between the cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation was 12 minutes (SD ± 5 min). The time to reach the target temperature was 5 ± 4 hours, the hypothermia time was 22 ± 6 hours and time to rewarming 9 ± 5.9 hours. Fourteen patients died in the intensive care unit, a 54% mortality, and three patients died during the in-hospital stay, a 66% in-hospital mortality. There was statistically significant reduction in hemoglobin (p

A controvérsia do planejamento (1944-1945), entre Roberto Simonsen e Eugênio Gudin, é um momento privilegiado para o estudo da história das ideias econômicas. A participação de Roberto Simonsen nessa discussão pode ser revista e lida de maneira enriquecedora numa perspectiva de história das ideias. Este artigo investiga a especificidade teórica que distingue a abordagem de Simonsen em relação à de Gudin, postulando que o primeiro entra no debate pela via da história econômica. Sua abordagem está em sintonia com discussões teóricas do final da segunda guerra, levadas a cabo nas próximas décadas pela economia do desenvolvimento no Brasil. A inserção da contribuição de Simonsen no contexto histórico da controvérsia abre novas possibilidades de leitura desse debate essencial na construção de um pensamento econômico no Brasil.

Background. Impairments of endocrine system may be associated with exposure to perfluorinated compounds that are able to bind nuclear receptors, including the peroxisome proliferator-activating receptors. Aim of this study was to assess perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid concentrations in children and adolescents at the onset of type 1 diabetes compared to healthy controls. Methods. Forty-four children and adolescents were recruited and subdivided into two groups: (A) 25 subjects with type 1 diabetes and (B) 19 healthy controls. Perfluorinated compounds were measured using high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Nonparametric statistical analysis was performed. Results. Perfluorooctane sulfonate concentrations were significantly higher in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to controls (1.53 ± 1.50 versus 0.55 ± 0.15 ng/mL, resp.; p

The purpose of our study was to describe the clinical profile of dengue-infected patients admitted to Brazilian intensive care units (ICU) and evaluate factors associated with death. A longitudinal, multicenter case series study was conducted with laboratory-confirmed dengue patients admitted to nine Brazilian ICUs situated in Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2013. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data; disease severity scores; and mortality were evaluated. A total of 97 patients were studied. The in-ICU and in-hospital mortality rates were 18.6% and 19.6%, respectively. Patients classified as having severe dengue according to current World Health Organization classifications showed an increased risk of death in a univariate analysis. Nonsurvivors were older, exhibited lower serum albumin concentrations and higher total leukocyte counts and serum creatinine levels. Other risk factors (vomiting, lethargy/restlessness, dyspnea/respiratory distress) were also associated with death in a univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis indicated that in-hospital mortality was significantly associated with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. The ICU and in-hospital mortality observed in this study were higher than values reported in similar studies. An increased frequency of ICU admission due to severe organ dysfunction, higher severity indices and scarcity of ICU beds may partially explain the higher mortality.

• Surgeon eye lens dose measured in eight different interventional procedure types. • Dosemeters read by an iSO-17025 accredited service. • Median eye lens H p (3) range, with ceiling shield: 20–60 μSv per single procedure. • CT-guided lung biopsy median eye lens H p (3): 150μSv per single procedure. • H p (3)/KAP shows a statistically significant dependency on the surgeon's height. This study investigated the radiation dose to surgeon eye lens for single procedure and normalised to exposure parameters for eight selected neuroradiology, cardiovascular and radiology interventional procedures. The procedures investigated were diagnostic study, Arteriovenous Malformations treatment (AVM) and aneurysm embolization for neuroradiology procedures, Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (CA-PTCA), Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator implantation (PM-ICD), Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR) and Fenestrated Endovascular Aortic Repair (FEVAR) for cardiovascular and electrophysiology procedures. CT-guided lung biopsy was also monitored. All procedures were performed with table-mounted and ceiling-suspended shields (0.5 mm lead equivalent thickness), except for FEVAR and PM-ICD where only a table mounted shield was present, and CT-guided lung biopsy where no shield was used. Dose assessment was performed using a dosemeter positioned close to the most exposed eye of the surgeon, outside the protective eyewear. The surgeon most exposed eye lens median H p (3) equivalent dose for a single procedure, without protective eyewear contribution, was 18 μSv for neuroradiology diagnostic study, 62 μSv for AVM, 38 μSv for aneurysm embolization, 33 μSv for CA-PTCA, 39 μSv for PM-ICD, 49 μSv for EVAR, 2500 μSv for FEVAR, 153 μSv for CT-guided lung biopsy. In interventional procedures, the 20 mSv/year dose limit for surgeon eye lens exposure might be exceeded if shields or protective eyewear are not used. Surgeon eye lens doses, normalised to single procedures and to exposure parameters, are a valuable tool for determining appropriate radiation protection measures and dedicated eye lens dosemeter assignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJETIVO: Identificar se satisfação com aspectos psicossociais no trabalho está associada à saúde dos trabalhadores e verificar se essas associações são influenciadas por características sociodemográficas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com 224 empregados de uma empresa de auto-gestão de planos de previdência privada e de saúde na cidade de São Paulo. Foram administrados quatro questionários auto-aplicados referentes a aspectos sociodemográficos, satisfação no trabalho e saúde (física, mental e capacidade para o trabalho. As associações entre variáveis foram analisadas por meio dos testes t-Student, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e da análise de regressão linear múltipla. RESULTADOS: Satisfação no trabalho apareceu associada ao tempo na empresa (p

OBJETIVO: Identificar se satisfação com aspectos psicossociais no trabalho está associada à saúde dos trabalhadores e verificar se essas associações são influenciadas por características sociodemográficas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com 224 empregados de uma empresa de auto-gestão de planos de previdência privada e de saúde na cidade de São Paulo. Foram administrados quatro questionários auto-aplicados referentes a aspectos sociodemográficos, satisfação no trabalho e saúde (física, mental e capacidade para o trabalho. As associações entre variáveis foram analisadas por meio dos testes t-Student, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e da análise de regressão linear múltipla. RESULTADOS: Satisfação no trabalho apareceu associada ao tempo na empresa (p

Purpose: To verify the capability of 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) to identify patients at higher risk of developing doxorubicin (DXR)-induced cardiotoxicity, using a score-based image approach. Methods: 36 patients underwent FDG-PET/CT. These patients had shown full remission after DXR-based chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease (DXR dose: 40–50 mg/m2 per cycle), and were retrospectively enrolled. Inclusion criteria implied the presence of both pre- and post-chemotherapy clinical evaluation encompassing electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography. Myocardial metabolism at pre-therapy PET was evaluated according to both standardized uptake value (SUV)- and score-based approaches. The capability of the score-based image assessment to predict the occurrence of cardiac toxicity with respect to SUV measurement was then evaluated. Results: In contrast to the SUV-based approach, the five-point scale method does not linearly stratify the risk of the subsequent development of cardiotoxicity. However, converting the five-points scale to a dichotomic evaluation (low vs. high myocardial metabolism), FDG-PET/CT showed high diagnostic accuracy in the prediction of cardiac toxicity (specificity = 100% and sensitivity = 83.3%). In patients showing high myocardial uptake at baseline, in which the score-based method is not able to definitively exclude the occurrence of cardiac toxicity, myocardial SUV mean quantification is able to further stratify the risk between low and intermediate risk classes. Conclusions: the score-based approach to FDG-PET/CT images is a feasible method for predicting DXR-induced cardiotoxicity. This method might improve the inter-reader and inter-scanner variability, thus allowing the evaluation of FDG-PET/CT images in a multicentral setting.

The micronucleus test is a well-established DNA damage assay in human monitoring. The test was proposed as a promising marker of cancer risk/susceptibility mainly on the basis of studies on breast cancer. Our recent meta-analysis showed that the association between micronuclei frequency, either at baseline or after irradiation, and breast cancer risk or susceptibility, has been evaluated in few studies of small size, with inconsistent results. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of micronucleus assay in evaluating individual breast cancer susceptibility. Two-hundred and twenty untreated breast cancer patients and 295 female controls were enrolled in the study. All women were characterized for cancer family history and 155 subjects were evaluated for the presence of BRCA mutations. Micronuclei frequency was evaluated at baseline and after irradiation with 1-Gy gamma rays from a 137Cs source. The results show a non significant increase of frequency of micronucleated binucleated lymphocytes in cancer patients compared with the controls at baseline (Mean (S.E.): 16.8 (0.7) vs 15.7 (0.5), but not after irradiation (Mean (S.E.): 145.8 (3.0) vs 154.0 (2.6)). Neither a family history of breast cancer nor the presence of a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1/2 genes were associated with an increased micronuclei frequency. Our results do not support a significant role of micronucleus frequency as a biomarker of breast cancer risk/susceptibility.

The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of manufacturing thin real-time relative dosimeters for clinical radiotherapy (RT) with potential applications for transmission monitoring in vivo dosimetry and pre-treatment dose verifications. Thin (≈1 μm) layers of a high sensitivity, wide bandgap semiconductor, the inorganic perovskite CsPbCl 3 , have been grown for the first time by magnetron sputtering on plastic substrates equipped with electrode arrays. Prototype devices have been tested in real-time configuration to evaluate the dose delivered by a 6 MV photon beam from a linear accelerator. Linearity of the charge with the dose has been verified over three order of magnitudes, linearity of the current signal with the dose rate has been also successfully tested in the range 0.5-4.3 Gy/min. The combination of high sensitivity per unit volume and wide bandgap provides high signal-to-noise ratios, up to 70, even at moderate applied voltages. The Schottky diode configuration allows the detector to operate without bias voltage (null bias).The blocking-barrier structure allows to confine the active volume within sub-millimetric sizes, a quite attractive feature in view to increase granularity and achieve the high spatial resolutions required in modern RT techniques. All the above-mentioned features indeed pave the way to a novel generation of flexible, transmission, real time dosimeters for clinical radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]