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RESUMO Este trabalho foi realizado visando elaborar a tabela de vida de fertilidade do ácaro da mancha-anular do cafeeiro, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), criado em folhas de quatro cultivares de café (‘Icatu Vermelho’, ‘Apoatã’, ‘Obatã’ e ‘Mundo Novo’), mantidas em câmara climatizada a 25º ± 1º C, UR 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 14 horas. Fêmeas de B. phoenicis foram colocadas sobre a superfície das folhas (arenas), por um período de 24 horas, para oviposição. Após este período, as fêmeas e os ovos excedentes foram retirados deixando-se apenas um ovo por arena. As arenas foram examinadas diariamente para se avaliar a sobrevivência e o número de ovos depositados. Preparou-se uma tabela de vida de fertilidade com os dados obtidos. Os ácaros B. phoenicis apresentaram diferenças de sobrevivência e taxas de crescimento populacional, quando criados nos diferentes cultivares de café. Os cultivares mais favoráveis para a multiplicação de B. phoenicis foram, nesta ordem: ‘Apoatã’, ‘Mundo Novo’ e ‘Obatã, baseando-se nas taxas finitas de incremento. ‘Icatu Vermelho’ mostrou-se o cultivar menos favorável à multiplicação de B. phoenicis. ABSTRACT This work was carried out aiming at constructing a fertility life table for the coffee ringspot mite, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), reared on the leaves of four coffee cultivars (Icatu Vermelho, Apoatã, Obatã and Mundo Novo), kept in climatic chambers at 25 ± 1º C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and photophase of 14 hours. Females of B. phoenicis were placed on the leaf surfaces (arenas), for a period of 24 hours for oviposition. After this period, the females and the excess eggs were removed, leaving only one egg of B. phoencis on each arena. The arenas were examined daily, evaluating the mite survival and the number of eggs laid. Fertility life table was prepared using the data obtained. B. phoenicis mites presented significant differences in survivorship and population growth rates, when reared on different coffee cultivars. The most favorable cultivars for the multiplication of B. phoenicis were, in this sequence: Apoatã, Mundo Novo and Obatã, based on the finite rates of increase. Icatu Vermelho proved to be the least favorable cultivar for the multiplication of B. phoenicis.

Citrus leprosis (CL) is a highly destructive viral disease vectored by Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). It was first described in Florida in 1907 and last reported in 1968. CL was found after the 1920s in South America (Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil) and presently is known to occur in most of the South American countries. After its detection in Panama in 2000, the disease spread quickly northward through Central America and is now established in Southern Mexico, threatening all of the Caribbean islands as well as the citrus growing areas within the United States. The disappearance of the CL from the United States could be attributed to the severe freeze of December 1966. Multiple spray applications of sulphur for mite control could have gradually reduced the source of inoculum by substantially reducing the Brevipalpus populations. Recent ultrastructural studies revealed that CL may be caused by two distinct viruses, respectively the rare nuclear type (CiLV-N) and the prevalent cytoplasmic type (CiLV-C). A slight difference in foliar lesions caused by these viruses was noticed. CiLV-C produces leaf lesions that become larger in size, with a pale green color and commonly having gummy rings while CiLV-N induces smaller lesions with a dark center and a bright yellow halo. Analysis of available photographic records and samples in the Herbarium of the Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo in Brazil strongly suggest that CL in Florida was caused by CiLV-N. This helps to explain the disappearance of CL from the United States because it is now known that CiLV-N is less aggressive than CiLV-C. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v16i1-2.51

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:07:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0044-59672011000400013.pdf: 1179771 bytes, checksum: 4d59f663c56a7ac19380409a1f2bc7b3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:07:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0044-59672011000400013.pdf: 1179771 bytes, checksum: 4d59f663c56a7ac19380409a1f2bc7b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:12:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0044-59672011000400013.pdf: 1179771 bytes, checksum: 4d59f663c56a7ac19380409a1f2bc7b3 (MD5) S0044-59672011000400013.pdf.txt: 43048 bytes, checksum: 371c386a5a0ddac6990e333cb83d58eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:18:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0044-59672011000400013.pdf: 1179771 bytes, checksum: 4d59f663c56a7ac19380409a1f2bc7b3 (MD5) S0044-59672011000400013.pdf.txt: 43048 bytes, checksum: 371c386a5a0ddac6990e333cb83d58eb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:18:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0044-59672011000400013.pdf: 1179771 bytes, checksum: 4d59f663c56a7ac19380409a1f2bc7b3 (MD5) S0044-59672011000400013.pdf.txt: 43048 bytes, checksum: 371c386a5a0ddac6990e333cb83d58eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Apesar da importância da citricultura no Brasil, pouco se conhece sobre as populações de ácaros em plantações de citros no norte do país. No município de Manaus, 12 pomares de laranja doce pulverizados foram avaliados a cada duas semanas, durante sete meses, para o registro de ácaros plantícolas e para descrever a abundância e a distribuição das espécies mais importantes. O tamanho e a idade dos pomares variaram de 3.360 a 88.0080 m² e de sete a 25 anos, respectivamente. Nos 14 períodos de coleta, folhas, galhos e frutos foram coletados de uma árvore em cada pomar. No total, 3.360 folhas, 672 galhos e 1.344 frutos foram coletados de 168 árvores. Os ácaros foram extraídos dos frutos manualmente e pelo método de lavagem nas folhas e galhos. Identificamos espécies pragas com potencial de causar danos econômicos. Registramos 14 espécies de fitófagos em quatro famílias (Eriophyidae, Tarsonemidae, Tenuipalpidae, and Tetranychidae). Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes 1939) (Tenuipalpidae) e Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashm., 1879) (Eriophyidae), as duas espécies fitófagas mais abundantes em outras regiões, foram dominantes, mostrando que a cultura de citros local é suscetível à infestação. Registramos 11 espécies de predadores das famílias Phytoseiidae e Ascidae, compreendendo 10% da população total. Phytoseiidae foi a família mais diversa, com 10 espécies. Foram discutidos aspectos da variação temporal e utilização de hábitat das espécies mais abundantes. Estudos de longo prazo, envolvendo a aplicação de acaricidas e avaliações da comunidade de ácaros, são necessários para um melhor manejo dos pomares, levando-se em consideração a fenologia das pragas-chave. Despite the importance of citriculture in Brazil, very little is known about mite populations in citrus crops in the Northern Region. In the municipality of Manaus, 12 sprayed sweet orange orchards were surveyed every two weeks during seven months to record mite species amount, and to describe the abundance and distribution of the most important species. The size and age of the orchards varied from 3,360 to 88,080 m² and seven to 25 years, respectively. In the fourteen sampling period, leaves, twigs and fruits were collected from 12 trees, one per orchard. In total, 3,360 leaves, 672 twigs and 1,344 fruits were sampled from 168 trees. Mites were manually extracted from the fruits, and by the washing method on leaves and twigs. We identified pests with the potential to cause economic loss. Fourteen species of phytophagous and mycophagous mites from Eriophyidae, Tarsonemidae, Tenuipalpidae, and Tetranychidae were recorded. Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes 1939) and Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashm., 1879), the two commonest phytophagous mites in other Brazilian regions were dominant, showing that local orchards are susceptible to their infestation. Eleven predatory mites were recorded, comprising 10% of the mite population, belonging to Phytoseiidae and Ascidae. Phytoseiidae was the richest family, with ten species. The results are discussed in relation to the temporal variation aspects and habitat use of the most important species. Long-term research encompassing chemical applications followed by evaluations of the mite community are necessary for a better management of the orchards, taking into consideration the seasonal phenology of key pests. Universidade Federal do Amazonas Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica

Foi montado um ensaio visando conhecer a eficiência do flucicloxurom (juvenóide constituído de benzoil-fenil-uréia substituída), do propargite e do bromopropilato, no combate ao acaro da leprose (Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes, 1939). Os produtos foram empregados nas seguintes dosagens: A) testemunha; B) flucicloxurom, 10g; C) flucicloxurom, 15g; D) flucicloxurom, 20g; E) flucicloxurom, 30g; F) propargite, 72g; G) bromopropilato, 37,5g (tratamento padrão), sendo os valores supracitados quantidade de ingrediente ativo por 100 litros de calda. Foram aplicados 6 litros de calda por laranjeira, com pulverizador motorizado costal. Foram feitas 5 avaliações do combate: uma prévia (02 dias antes da pulverização) e quatro outras (07, 20, 34 e 50 dias pós-aplicação). A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que os tratamentos mais eficientes foram o propargite e o bromopropilato.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-12T18:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:53:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:14:50Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:14:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 The citrus leprosis control in São Paulo state is performed exclusively by acaricides to control the vector mite, Brevipalpus phoenicis, which increases the production costs and may affect the beneficial organism's population. Therefore, the aim of this trial was to evaluate during four seasons, the effects of acaricides recommended to control the mite B. phoenicis in conventional and organic citrus over evolution of citrus leprosis and over phytoseiids' population. The experiment was installed in October of 2003 in a citrus orchard in Reginopolis city, state of São Paulo. The experimental design used randomized blocks, the dosages was expressed as mL c.p./100L of water and the treatments were the following: spirodiclofen (20 mL); cyhexatin (50 mL) (used in rotation), lime sulfur (4,000 mL) and control (without pesticide application). However, the rotation between spirodiclofen and cyhexatin began in September 2006. Prior to that time, only spirodiclofen had been used. Surveys were conducted every 15 days on the B. phoenicis, Iphiseioides zuluagai, and Euseius populations. The control level adopted by the B. phoenicis was 8.3%, and the pesticide applications were conducted using tractor-sprayers. During the 2007-08 seasons, 10 infected fallen fruits per plot were collected and the number of leprosis lesions was quantified by each fruit. By the end of the 2007-08 seasons, the productivity, harvest losses, the disease incidence and severity were evaluated. It was found that the lesions' location over the fruit is more important in determining its drop than the lesions' number. The more intense the mite infestation, the greater is the number of lesions, resulting in increased premature fruit drop. A strategy using acaricides spirodiclofen and cyhexatin in rotation promoted more efficient control of B. phoenicis compared to lime sulfur, resulting in greater productivity, lower fruit losses and severity levels. The lime sulfur applications reduced the mite population incidence below the control level; however it did not prevent the lesions' occurrence. The acaricides applicarevented adverse effects on phytoseiid population because there was a reduction of their density. FCAV UNESP, Dept Fitossanidade, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil FCAV UNESP, Dept Fitossanidade, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

O gênero botânico Clerodendrum pertence à família Lamiaceae e compreende várias espécies ornamentais, Manchas cloróticas e necróticas em folhas de coração-sangrento foram observadas pela primeira vez em um jardim de Piracicaba, SP, associadas à infestação com Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). Exames de secções de tecidos das lesões foliares ao microscópio eletrônico revelaram ocorrência de efeitos citopáticos do tipo nuclear e concluiu-se que os sintomas eram causados por um vírus transmitido por Brevipalpus (VTB), o qual foi designado de mancha clorótica de Clerodendrum (Clerodendrum Chlorotic Spot Virus- ClCSV). O ClCSV é transmitido mecanicamente de coração-sangrento para coração-sangrento. Em ensaios preliminares foi transmitido por B. phoenicis e mecanicamente para várias outras plantas, além da ocorrência de sua disseminação natural por este ácaro para outras espécies. Visando complementar a caracterização do ClCSV foram feitos estudos sobre alterações anatômicas em folhas de plantas infectadas pelo ClCSV. Foram examinadas secções histológicas de folhas sadias e infectadas pelo ClCSV de C. x speciosum e de outras hospedeiras como Hibiscus schizopetalus, Salvia leucantha, Malvaviscus arboreus e Annona muricata. Constatou-se que o ClCSV causa alterações celulares semelhantes nas diferentes hospedeiras e os sintomas causados por este vírus são similares aos causados por outros vírus transmitidos por Brevipalpus como o vírus da leprose dos citros citoplasmático (Citrus Lepros Virus Cytoplasmic- CiLV-C) e nuclear (Citrus Leprosis Virus Nuclear- CiLV-N), mancha anular do cafeeiro (Coffee Ringspot Virus- CoRSV), mancha anular de Solanum violaefolium (Solanum violaefolium Ringspot Virus- SvRSV) e "Orchid Fleck Vírus" (OFV), representadas por hipertrofia e hiperplasia frequentemente acompanhadas de necrose nos tecidos do parênquima paliçádico e lacunoso. The botanical genus Clerodendrum belongs to the family Lamiaceae and includes several ornamental species. Necrotic and chlorotic spots on leaves of bleeding heart were observed for the first time in a residential garden from Piracicaba Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil, associated with an infestation by the flat mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). Tissue section analysis of the leaf lesions under transmission electron microscope showed characteristic cytopathic effects of the nuclear type, indicating that the symptoms were caused by a Brevipalpus-transmitted virus (BTV), named Clerodendrum Chlorotic Spot Virus (ClCSV). This virus was shown to be transmitted mechanically and by B. phoenicis to several plant species. In order to complete ClCSV characterization, anatomical changes in the leaf lesions of ClCSV-infected leaves were evaluated. Histological sections of healthy, control leaves and leaf lesions of ClCSV-infected plants of C. x speciosum, Hibiscus schizopetalus, Salvia leucantha, Malvaviscus arboreus and Annona muricata were analyzed. ClCSV infection resulted in similar tissue alterations caused by other BTV as Citrus Leprosies Virus Cytoplasmic (CiLV-C) and Nuclear (CiLV-N), Coffee Ringspot Virus (CoRSV), Solanum violaefolium Ringspot Virus (SvRSV) and Orchid Fleck Virus (OFV). Such symptoms consisted of hypertrophy and hyperplasia frequently followed by necrosis in palisade and spongy parenchyma tissues.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:48:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452010000400014.pdf: 316504 bytes, checksum: df52a0d83cd8691dd55a40fa5c9058e2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:48:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452010000400014.pdf: 316504 bytes, checksum: df52a0d83cd8691dd55a40fa5c9058e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:54:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452010000400014.pdf: 316504 bytes, checksum: df52a0d83cd8691dd55a40fa5c9058e2 (MD5) S0100-29452010000400014.pdf.txt: 32547 bytes, checksum: cdde967cf841790200cf2e0dcb08eb52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452010000400014.pdf: 316504 bytes, checksum: df52a0d83cd8691dd55a40fa5c9058e2 (MD5) S0100-29452010000400014.pdf.txt: 32547 bytes, checksum: cdde967cf841790200cf2e0dcb08eb52 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452010000400014.pdf: 316504 bytes, checksum: df52a0d83cd8691dd55a40fa5c9058e2 (MD5) S0100-29452010000400014.pdf.txt: 32547 bytes, checksum: cdde967cf841790200cf2e0dcb08eb52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 A adição de óleos à calda de pulverização, muitas vezes, é utilizada a campo sem o adequado conhecimento sobre a absorção do produto fitossanitário pelo alvo, retenção de calda e até mesmo sobre a praga e a cultura. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adição de óleos ao acaricida cyhexatin sobre o ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis e na retenção de calda por folhas de citros. Avaliou-se a mortalidade de ácaros, utilizando-se de frutos de laranja com uma arena circundada com cola entomológica para confinar os ácaros. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, constituído pelos fatores: duas formulações de cyhexatin (WG e SC), dois tipos de óleo (mineral e vegetal) e duas concentrações dos óleos (0,5 e 1,0%), e mais dois tratamentos adicionais (acaricidas não adicionados de óleo) e uma testemunha sem aplicação. A aplicação dos produtos foi realizada sobre frutos de laranja até além do ponto de escorrimento. Logo após a aplicação, transferiram-se 10 ácaros B. phoenicis para cada fruto.A contagem dos ácaros vivos, mortos e retidos na barreira adesiva foi realizada um dia após a aplicação. Para a determinação da quantidade de calda retida, utilizaram-se folhas de laranjeira, que foram pulverizadas até além do ponto de escorrimento, adotando-se os mesmos tratamentos e o delineamento estatístico mencionados para a avaliação da mortalidade de ácaros, com exceção da testemunha sem aplicação. Determinou-se a massa de líquido retido após a aplicação dos produtos por folha, com auxílio de balança de precisão. Verificou-se que um dia após a aplicação dos produtos, todos os tratamentos apresentaram mortalidade de B. phoenicis acima de 99%. Dessa forma, a adição de óleo, seja mineral, seja vegetal, ao acaricida cyhexatin não afetou a eficácia biológica deste acaricida nas formulações SC e WG. A maior fuga de B. phoenicis para a barreira de cola foi verificada nos tratamentos com adição de óleos, em comparação ao cyhexatin aplicado isoladamente. A adição de óleo, seja mineral, seja vegetal, ao cyhexatin na calda de pulverização reduziu a quantidade máxima de líquido retido pelas folhas de citros, podendo contribuir para a redução da quantidade de calda necessária para uma boa cobertura da planta. The addition of adjuvant oils to spray is frequently used without any adequate knowledge about the product adsorption by the target, spray retention and the crop-pest interactions. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of adjuvant oils addition in the cyhexatin acaricide solution to Brevipalpus phoenicis control and the spray retention by citrus leaves. The mites mortality was evaluated in a certain area surrounded by entomological glue over orange fruits. It was performed a totally randomized design, in a factorial scheme. It was used two cyhexatin formulations: WG and CS; two adjuvant oils: vegetal and mineral over two concentrations (0.5 and 1.0%) plus two additional check treatments (acaricide without oil) and control (without spraying). Application was performed in orange fruits over the point of runoff. After application, ten B. phoenicis were transferred to each fruit. The count of alive, dead and glue barrier stucked mites was made one day after. In order to estimate the spray retention, a spray application over orange leaves was performed, sprayed up to the runoff point, using the same treatments and statistical design analysis that had been previously mentioned, except for control plot. The liquid mass over the leaves after spraying was weighed. It was verified, for all treatments, that the mite mortality reaches above 90%, right away the day after application. Thus, both mineral and vegetal oil addition to cyhexatin acaricide spray did not affect its biological efficacy under CS and WG formulations. It was observed a larger number of mites stucked to the glue barrier in the treatments with oil addition compared to the treatments without it. The vegetal or mineral oil addiction to cyhexatin spray have reduced the maximum amount of liquid retention by the citrus leaves, which can contribute to reduce the essential spray amount in a great plant cover. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP FCAV Departamento de Fitossanidade UNESP FCAV curso de Agronomia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP FCAV Departamento de Fitossanidade UNESP FCAV curso de Agronomia

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:48:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452010000100012.pdf: 42273 bytes, checksum: 170b64dab8cedc6cd795c2a69f226071 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:48:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452010000100012.pdf: 42273 bytes, checksum: 170b64dab8cedc6cd795c2a69f226071 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:54:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452010000100012.pdf: 42273 bytes, checksum: 170b64dab8cedc6cd795c2a69f226071 (MD5) S0100-29452010000100012.pdf.txt: 34337 bytes, checksum: 2f90ba9c23a425e9990a4aa0791098cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452010000100012.pdf: 42273 bytes, checksum: 170b64dab8cedc6cd795c2a69f226071 (MD5) S0100-29452010000100012.pdf.txt: 34337 bytes, checksum: 2f90ba9c23a425e9990a4aa0791098cd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452010000100012.pdf: 42273 bytes, checksum: 170b64dab8cedc6cd795c2a69f226071 (MD5) S0100-29452010000100012.pdf.txt: 34337 bytes, checksum: 2f90ba9c23a425e9990a4aa0791098cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-01 O ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis é uma das principais pragas dos citros por ser vetor do Citrus Leprosis Virus (CiLV), agente causal da leprose, uma das mais graves doenças da citricultura. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito tóxico de produtos à base de abamectina sobre o ácaro B. phoenicis. Foram realizados um experimento de ação direta e três de ação residual no Laboratório de Acarologia do Departamento de Proteção de Plantas (Fitossanidade) da FCAV - UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP. O delineamento adotado nos bioensaios foi o inteiramente casualizado, onde 10 tratamentos foram repetidos 7 vezes, sendo cada repetição composta por um fruto de laranja. Os tratamentos estudados (mL p.c./100 L de água) foram: Acaramik a 20; 30; 40 e 50 mL; Vertimec a 30 e 40 mL; Abamectin Nortox a 30 e 40 mL; Tricofol a 77 mL e uma testemunha sem aplicação. Utilizaram-se frutos com presença de verrugose, que foram lavados e parcialmente parafinados, deixando-se uma área sem parafina, que foi circundada com cola entomológica para contenção dos ácaros. Transferiram-se 20 ácaros adultos B. phoenicis para cada fruto. No bioensaio de ação direta, a transferência foi realizada antes das aplicações e, nos bioensaios de ação residual, aos 5; 10 e 15 dias após a aplicação dos produtos. A aplicação dos produtos sobre os frutos foi realizada em Torre de Potter. Os resultados obtidos nos bioensaios evidenciaram que os melhores tratamentos foram: Tricofol a 77 mL, Acaramik a 40 e 50 mL e Vertimec a 40 mL. de forma geral, os produtos testados podem ser utilizados no controle do ácaro B. phoenicis. The mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is one of the most important pests in Brazil citrus plantation, because it is the virus Citrus Leprosis Virus (CiLV) vector, one of the most serious citrus plantation diseases. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the toxical effect of abamectin in the mite B. phoenicis. It was performed one direct action and three persistence action bioassays at the Acarology Laboratory from the Department of Plant Protection of FCAV/UNESP, in Jaboticabal, São Paulo state. In the bioassays it was used the completely randomized design, with 10 treatments repeated 7 times, and each sample composed by one orange fruit. The treatments performed (mL c.p./100 L) were: Acaramik at 20, 30, 40 and 50 mL; Vertimec at 30 and 40 mL; Abamectin Nortox at 30 and 40 mL; Tricofol at 77 mL and a control without application. It was used fruits with citrus scab. The fruits were washed and partially covered with paraffin, keeping a circular area over the top without being covered, which was surrounded with entomological glue for containing mites on it. It was transferred to each fruit 20 adult mites B. phoenicis. In the direct action bioassay, the transfer was made before product applications and, in the persistence action bioassays, at 5, 10 and 15 days after the product's application. The product's application over the fruits was performed by using the Potter Tower. This experiment demonstrated that the most efficient treatments were: Tricofol at 77 mL, Acaramik at 40 and 50 mL and Vertimec at 40 mL. Generally, the tested products can be used to control B. phoenicis. UNESP FCAV Departamento de Fitossanidade UNESP FCAV Departamento de Fitossanidade

A survey on host range and distribution of mite species associated with fruit crops was carried out during 1999-2001 at different altitudes and districts of Himachal Pradesh. Eight species of predaceous mites (mostly Phytoseiidae) were found in association with 11 species of phytophagous mites (mostly Tetranychidae). Panonychus ulmi was the major phytophagous species on apple at Shimla district, other pests included Tetranychus urticae, Bryobia rubrioculus, Brevipalpus californicus, and Aculus malus, whereas T. urticae was dominant on apple and other pome and stone fruits at Kullu district. At Shimla district the predaceous mite Amblyseius finlandicus was abundant and associated with P. ulmi, B. californicus, A. malus, and Tetranychus species on apple, pecan nut, and walnut. At Solan district Amblyseius longispinosus was prevalent. Its host range was restricted to Tetranychus species on fig, papaya, apple, and beans. Phytoseius crinitus was abundant on guava and citrus, infested with Brevipalpus phoenicis at Una district. Phytoseius intermedius was the dominant predatory mite associated with litchi leaves having well developed erinia due to Aceria litchi. Typhlodromus homalii was found in mixed population of P. intermedius on litchi leaves infested with A. litchi from Kangra district. Agistemus sp. was collected from apple leaves infested with T. urticae at Shimla, from cherry and walnut with T. urticae at Kullu, and from guava and citrus infested with B. phoenicis at Una. At Mandi district Tydeus sp. was present along with A. finlandicus (5 mites per 25 leaves) in mango orchards infested with T. urticae. Biscirus sp. was collected on grapes and citrus leaves. Morphometrics and diagnostic features of different species are presented in the paper.

Phytophagous mites from natural vegetation have been scarcely studied in Venezuela. Surveys were carried out from March 2007 to November 2008 to determine diversity of phytophagous mites inhabiting in different plant taxa in Iribarren, Jiménez, Palavecino, Morán and Crespo municipalities from Lara state, Venezuela. In each sampling site, a 500 m- transect was established and the most frequent plant species were sampled. In field, 15 leaves were examined for mite presence by using hand lens. In laboratory, plant material was examined under magnification and mite morpho-species belonging to tetranychid and tenuipalpid were picked up. A total of two tenuipalpid species and eight tetranychid species were identified. Tenuipalpid mites identified were Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) on Cassia siamea (Caesalpinaceae), Capparis linearis (Capparidaceae), Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae), Randia sp. (Rubiaceae), Melicoccus bijugatus (Sapindaceae) and Tenuipalpus sp. was collected from Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae). On the other hand, tetranychid included Tetranychus urticae Koch on Terminalia catappa (Combretaceae), Euphorbia pulcherrima (Euphorbiaceae) and Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Mimosaceae). Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) on Lycopersicon sp. (Solanaceae), Ipomoea sp., Convolvulus sp. (Convolvulaceae) and Leonotis nepetifolia (Lamiaceae). Tetranychus desertorum Banks on Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae). Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor) on C. siamea, Chlorophora tinctoria (Moraceae), Dalechampia sp. (Euphobiaceae) and Malpighia glabra (Malpighiaceae). Eotetranychus cf. willamettei on Sterculia apetala (Sterculiaceae). Oligonychus biharensis (Hirst) on Clitoria sp. (Papilionaceae) and Ziziphus cyclocardia (Rhamnaceae). Oligonychus sp. on S. campanulata and Neotetranychus gloriosus Estebanes & Baker on Croton sp. (Euphorbiaceae). In this study, B. phoenicis is recorded for the first time on C. siamea, S. campanulata, Randia sp. and M. bijugatus for Venezuela. Los ácaros fitófagos de especies vegetales no cultivadas han sido poco estudiados en Venezuela. Desde marzo 2007 hasta noviembre del 2008, se realizaron muestreos para determinar la diversidad de ácaros fitófagos habitantes de diferentes taxa vegetales en los municipios Iribarren, Jiménez, Palavecino, Morán y Crespo en el estado Lara, Venezuela. En cada sitio de muestreo, se trazó una transecta de 500 m de longitud donde fueron muestreadas las plantas más frecuentes. En el campo, 15 hojas fueron examinadas para determinar la presencia de ácaros con el uso de una lupa de mano. En el laboratorio, el material vegetal fue examinado bajo aumento de una lupa estereoscopio para seleccionar las morfo-especies de tetraníquidos y tenuipálpidos. Se identificaron dos especies de Tenuipalpidae y ocho de Tetranychidae. Los ácaros tenuipálpidos identificados fueron Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) sobre Cassia siamea (Caesalpinaceae), Capparis linearis (Capparidaceae), Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae), Randia sp. (Rubiaceae), Melicoccus bijugatus (Sapindaceae) y Tenuipalpus sp. fue colectado sobre Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae). Por otra parte, las especies de tetraníquidos incluyeron a Tetranychus urticae Koch sobre Terminalia catappa (Combretaceae), Euphorbia pulcherrima (Euphorbiaceae) y Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Mimosaceae). Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) sobre Lycopersicon sp. (Solanaceae), Ipomoea sp., Convolvulus sp. (Convolvulaceae) y Leonotis nepetifolia (Lamiaceae). Tetranychus desertorum Banks sobre Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae). Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor) sobre C. siamea, Chlorophora tinctoria (Moraceae), Dalechampia sp. (Euphorbiaceae) y Malpighia glabra (Malpighiaceae). Eotetranychus cf. willamettei sobre Sterculia apetala (Sterculiaceae), Oligonychus biharensis (Hirst) sobre Clitoria sp. (Papilionaceae) y Ziziphus cyclocardia (Rhamnaceae). Oligonychus sp. sobre S. campanulata y Neotetranychus gloriosus Estebanes & Baker sobre Croton sp. (Euphorbiaceae). En el presente estudio, se registra por primera vez a B. phoenicis sobre C. siamea, S. campanulata, Randia sp. y M. bijugatus en Venezuela.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:47:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452009000200012.pdf: 99494 bytes, checksum: b8f6876a736e641747318b666a08cb33 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:47:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452009000200012.pdf: 99494 bytes, checksum: b8f6876a736e641747318b666a08cb33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:37:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452009000200012.pdf: 99494 bytes, checksum: b8f6876a736e641747318b666a08cb33 (MD5) S0100-29452009000200012.pdf.txt: 37975 bytes, checksum: 44ab02bd367db2af2535d8d32d352d27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:10:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452009000200012.pdf: 99494 bytes, checksum: b8f6876a736e641747318b666a08cb33 (MD5) S0100-29452009000200012.pdf.txt: 37975 bytes, checksum: 44ab02bd367db2af2535d8d32d352d27 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452009000200012.pdf: 99494 bytes, checksum: b8f6876a736e641747318b666a08cb33 (MD5) S0100-29452009000200012.pdf.txt: 37975 bytes, checksum: 44ab02bd367db2af2535d8d32d352d27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 Os ácaros predadores das famílias Phytoseiidae e Stigmaeidae constituem-se nos principais inimigos naturais de Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) em citros. Este ácaro-praga causa sérios prejuízos na produção, devido à transmissão do vírus da leprose dos citros (CiLV). Apesar do grande volume de informações sobre a sensibilidade de ácaros Phytoseiidae a agrotóxicos, praticamente não existem informações sobre o efeito desses compostos em ácaros Stigmaeidae no Brasil. Sendo assim, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito dos principais agrotóxicos utilizados em citros sobre o ácaro predador Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira (Acari: Stigmaeidae), em condições de laboratório. Arenas de folhas de citros da variedade Pera, contendo 25 fêmeas adultas de A. brasiliensis, foram pulverizadas em torre de Potter. Avaliaram-se as mortalidades dos ácaros 72 horas após a aplicação. O efeito dos produtos na reprodução do acarino e a viabilidade dos ovos também foram avaliados. Quanto à seletividade, conforme proposta da Organização Internacional para o Controle Biológico (IOBC), os produtos foram classificados como: classe 1 - inócuo (E99%), calda sulfocálcica, cyhexatin, flufenoxuron, hexythiazox, óxido de fenbutatin, propargite, pyridaben e spirodiclofen. Estudos conduzidos em condições de campo ainda são necessários para se compreender melhor o efeito desses agrotóxicos sobre o ácaro predador. The predaceous mites of the families Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae are the most important natural enemies of Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) on citrus. This mite causes serious damages to the yield due to the transmission of Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV). Despite the considerable amount of information on susceptibility of phytoseiids to pesticides, the effect of these compounds is not very known for stigmaeid mites in Brazil. This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of the main pesticides used in citrus orchards on the predaceous mite Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira (Acari: Stigmaeidae) in laboratory conditions. Citrus leaf (Pera cultivar) arenas with 25 adult females of A. brasiliensis were sprayed in a Potter tower. The mortality of mites was assessed 72 hours after treatment. The effect of pesticides on the reproduction of mite and egg viability was also evaluated. According to the proposal of the Working Group of International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), the pesticides were classified as: class 1 - harmless (E99%), lime sulfur, cyhexatin, flufenoxuron, hexythiazox, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, pyridaben and spirodiclofen. Studies in the field conditions are still necessary for a better understanding of the effect of these chemicals on the predaceous mite. UNESP FCAV UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária Departamento de Fitossanidade APTA Instituto Biológico Laboratório de Entomologia Econômica UNESP FCAV UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária Departamento de Fitossanidade

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:05:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 celoto_fj_dr_ilha.pdf: 960631 bytes, checksum: 5b6f25a5fd94acb59a226624a376c078 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A cultura dos citros é uma das principais atividades do agronegócio brasileiro, gerando divisas na ordem de US$ 2,3 bilhões com geração de aproximadamente 400 mil empregos diretos. Nas últimas décadas a citricultura brasileira apresentou um cenário evolutivo ascendente quanto à ocupação territorial e produtividade, posicionando-se como a maior citricultura do mundo. Entretanto os desafios fitossanitários são enormes e a introdução de novas pragas e doenças é freqüente em citros. Dentre os problemas fitossanitários, a leprosedos- citros, transmitida pelo ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) é ainda uma das mais sérias, considerando o custo de controle que pode atingir 24% do custo total e pode ocasionar perdas de 35 a 70% na produção. A leprose é uma das poucas doenças virais cujo controle é feito com sucesso pelo do controle químico do vetor. Para que o controle químico seja menos impactante e a necessidade do uso de acaricidas reduzida, a seletividade dos defensivos agrícolas aos inimigos naturais das pragas é de grande importância. Neste contexto um novo acaricida foi introduzido para uso no manejo do ácaroda- leprose dos citros. Trata-se de uma nova molécula de nome comum etoxazol, pertencente a um novo grupo químico (Difenil oxazolina). Seu mecanismo de ação ocorre através da inibição do processo normal da ecdise, atividade ovicida e efeito esterilizante sobre fêmeas adultas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade do acaricida etoxazol isoladamente e em mistura com o acaricida adulticida propargito, no controle do ácaro-da-leprose, B. phoenicis e sua seletividade aos artrópodes benéficos na cultura do citros em condições de campo e laboratório. Para tanto foram conduzidos os seguintes estudos: 1) atividade dos acaricidas no controle do ácaro B. phoenicis em campo; 2) avaliação da seletividade... The citrus crop is one of the most important activities of the Brazilian agriculture, generating exchange value in the order of US$ 2.3 billion with generation of approximately 400 thousand direct jobs. In the last decades the Brazilian citriculture presented ascending evolutionary scenery as for the territorial occupation and productivity, being positioned as the largest citriculture of the world. However the phytossanitary challenges are enormous and the introduction of new pests and diseases are frequent in citrus. Among the a lot of pests of the culture, the citrus leprosis, transmitted by the Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) it is still one of the most important, considering the control cost that can reach 24% of the total cost and it can ocasonar losses from 35 to 70% in the production. The citrus leprosis is one of the few diseases turn whose control is done with success through the chemical control of the vector. For the chemical control to be less impactant and it reduced need, the selectivity of the acaricides to the natural enemies of the pests is of great importance. In this context a new acaricide was introduced for use in the integrated pest management of citrus. It is a new molecule of common name etoxazole, belonging to a new chemical group (Diphenyloxazoline). It action way happens through the inhibition of the normal process of the ecdise, ovicidal activity and esterilizant effect on adult females. The objective of this work was to evaluate the activity of the acaricida etoxazole separately and in mixture with the adulticide acaricide propargite, in the control of the citrus leprosis mite, B. phoenicis and it selectivity to the beneficial arthropods in the citrus crop in field conditions and laboratory and for so much the following studies were driven: 1) activity of the acaricides in the control of the B. phoenicis mite in field; 2) evaluation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) and Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor, 1917) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae, Tetranychidae) are considered the main pest mites of coffee plants (Coffea spp.), causing damages such as leaf fall and reduction of the photosynthetic foliar area. Among their main natural enemies, the entomopathogenic fungi and predatory mites have great potential for biological control. However, the entomopathogenic fungi can, occasionally, also infect the predatory mites. The objective of this work was to evaluate the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi to the pest mites B. phoenicis and O. ilicis and to the predatory mite Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, 1972 (Acari: Phytoseiidae). The experiments were carried out in a laboratory, using four strains of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and one of the Lecanicillium sp. The mites were exposed to the fungi by spraying the pathogen in a Potter tower. For the B. phoenicis mite, the Lecanicillium sp. UFLA 70 strain caused 100% mortality in three days of exposure. For the O. ilicis species, the most effective treatments were UFLA 13 (B. bassiana) and UFLA 70 (Lecanicillium sp.) strains, which caused 70% of mortality. Most of the tested fungi strains were not pathogenic to the predator I. zuluagai, causing low mortality. Of all the fungi tested in this experiment, the most effective for B. phoenicis and O. ilicis was UFLA 70 of Lecanicillium sp., which caused high mortality of these pests, but did not cause a high mortality rate of the predatory mite I. zuluagai. Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) e Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor, 1917) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae, Tetranychidae) são considerados os principais ácaros-pragas do cafeeiro (Coffea spp.), pois causam danos, como a desfolha e a redução de área foliar de fotossíntese. Dentre os inimigos naturais associados, os fungos entomopatogênicos e os ácaros predadores têm grande potencial para serem utilizados no controle biológico de ácaros-praga; entretanto, os fungos podem ocasionalmente também infectar ácaros predadores. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a patogenicidade de fungos entomopatogênicos aos ácaros-praga B. phoenicis e O. ilicis e sobre o ácaro-predador Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, 1972 (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Os bioensaios foram realizados em laboratório, utilizando-se quatro isolados do fungo entomopatogênico Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. e um de Lecanicillium sp., expondo os ácaros aos fungos mediante sua pulverização em torre de Potter. Para o ácaro B. phoenicis, o isolado UFLA 70 de Lecanicillium sp. promoveu 100% de mortalidade em três dias de exposição. Para a espécie O. ilicis, os tratamentos mais efetivos foram os isolados UFLA 13 (B. bassiana) e UFLA 70 (Lecanicillium sp.), os quais promoveram uma mortalidade de 70%. A maioria dos isolados não foi patogênica ao ácaro predador I. zuluagai, considerando que causou baixa mortalidade a ele. Dos fungos testados neste experimento, o isolado mais efetivo para B. phoenicis e O. ilicis foi UFLA 70 de Lecanicillium sp., que promoveu alta mortalidade dessas pragas, além de não causar elevada mortalidade ao caro predador I. zuluagai.

The genetic inheritance of resistance to leprosis, the most important viral disease of citrus in Brazil, was characterized through the phenotypic assessment of 143 hybrids resulting from crosses between tangor ‘Murcott’ (Citrus sinensis × C. reticulata) and sweet orange ‘Pêra’ (C. sinensis), considered to be resistant and susceptible to the disease, respectively. All plants were grafted onto Rangpur lime (C. limonia) and inoculated with Citrus leprosis virus, cytoplasmic type through the infestation with viruliferous mites, Brevipalpus phoenicis. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 10 replicates. Incidence and severity of the disease in leaves and stems as well as plant growth parameters (plant height and stem diameter) were recorded for 3 years after the infestation with the viruliferous mites. The average values of all variables were analyzed using principal component analysis, discriminant factorial analysis, estimation of the clonal repeatability coefficients, and frequency of the distributions of the average values for each measured variable. The principal component analysis resulted in the identification of at least two groups with resistance and susceptibility to leprosis, respectively. About 99% of all hybrids were correctly classified according to the discriminant factorial analysis. The broad-sense heritability coefficients for characteristics associated with incidence and severity of leprosis ranged from 0.88 to 0.96. The data suggest that the inheritance of resistance to leprosis may be controlled by only a few genes.

Field and laboratory experiments were carried out to verify the hypothesis whether cupric fungicides would cause an increase in populations of the leprosis mite, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes). In the laboratory experiment each seedling of the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) was treated with different doses of copper oxide (0, 21, 42, 84 and 168g i.a. /100 liters of water) and received 15 females of B. phoenicis and kept at 25ºC. Counting of the mites’s eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults was undertaken after 48 days. The field experiment was conducted in a Natal variety citrus orchard. The treatments were the same used in the laboratory experiment and the fungicide was applied with a pistol pulverizer. After 40 and 60 days fifteen fruits were sampled in each batch. Both experiments were designed in randomized blocks of 5 treatments and 5 repetitions in the field experiment and 6 in the lab one. Results of both experiments showed no significant difference between treatments. No correlation between doses of fungicide and mite population was verified. The results of the investigation led to the conclusion that the different doses of copper oxide did not cause a significant increase of B. phoenicis population, in both field and laboratory experiments. Com o objetivo de averiguar a hipótese de que fungicidas cúpricos poderiam provocar aumentos populacionais do ácaro da leprose, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), foram realizados ensaios de laboratório e de campo. No primeiro, mudas de laranjeira-pêra, tratadas com diferentes doses de óxido cuproso (0, 21, 42, 84 e 168g i.a./100 litros d’água), receberam, cada uma, 15 fêmeas de B. phoenicis, sendo em seguida, mantidas a 25ºC. Após 48 dias, foi feita a contagem do número de ovos, de larvas, de ninfas e de adultos do ácaro. O ensaio de campo foi conduzido em um pomar cítrico, variedade Natal. Os tratamentos utilizados foram os mesmos do ensaio de laboratório, sendo o fungicida aplicado com um pulverizador munido de pistola. Após 40 e 60 dias, amostraram-se 15 frutos por parcela. Os dois ensaios foram conduzidos em blocos casualizados, com 5 tratamentos e 5 repetições no ensaio de campo e 6 no de laboratório. Os resultados dos dois ensaios demonstraram não existir diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos, não se constatando qualquer correlação entre as doses do fungicida e a população do ácaro. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o óxido cuproso, nas doses utilizadas, não provocou aumentos significativos nas populações de B. phoenicis, nos ensaios realizados em campo e em laboratório.

We used a Y-tube olfactometer to assess the sub-lethal effects of the acaricide fenbutatin oxide on the olfactory response of the predatory mite Iphiseiodes zuluagai towards odours from: (1) air or undamaged coffee plants; (2) undamaged or red spider mite Oligonychus ilicis-infested coffee plants; (3) undamaged or false spider mite Brevipalpus phoenicis-infested coffee plants. Predatory mite adult females were exposed to residues of fenbutatin oxide or distilled water on leaf discs during a period of 72 h prior experiments. When exposed to distilled water (control treatments), predatory mites significantly preferred undamaged plants over air, O. ilicis-infested plants over undamaged plants, and they did not prefer B. phoenicis-infested plants over undamaged plants. However, predatory mites that had been exposed to residues of fenbutatin oxide were neither attracted towards undamaged plants nor to O. ilicis-infested plants. Thus, fenbutatin oxide affected negatively the olfactory response of I. zuluagai. We conclude that sub-lethal-effect studies should be considered in pesticide selectivity programs since the ability of predatory mites to locate their prey may be negatively affected by non-lethal concentrations of pesticides.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a virulência de Hirsutella thompsonii (Fischer), a Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), produzido nos substratos: meio de cultura completo e sólido (MC-S); meio completo e líquido (MC-L); arroz pré-cozido (APC) e arroz pré-cozido seco e moído (APC-SM). Os adultos do ácaro foram mantidos em arenas foliares de citros inseridas em placas acrílicas contendo ágar-água. As suspensões do patógeno, preparadas em diferentes concentrações (3,2 x 10(5) a 1 x 10(7) conídios/ml) foram pulverizadas sobre os ácaros, estabelecendo-se as curvas de concentração-resposta após o quarto dia. Para a avaliação no campo, os adultos foram mantidos em arenas preparadas em frutos que foram colocados em plantas de citros. Nesse experimento, quatro tratamentos foram aplicados: H. thompsonii produzida em arroz (APC) em duas concentrações (20 kg/ha e 10 kg/ha), H. thompsonii produzida em meio líquido (MC-L) (5L/ha) e a testemunha (água estéril). A sobrevivência dos adultos e o número de ovos e ninfas originados foram avaliados 10 e 20 dias após as aplicações. A menor CL25 calculada foi para o patógeno produzido em MC-S (1,9 x 10(5) conídios/ml). Os valores de CL25 calculados para o fungo produzido em APC e APC-SM não diferiram estatisticamente. Para o fungo produzido em MC-L e MC-S os valores de CL25 foram de 1,9 x 10(6) células infectivas/ml e 2, 2 x10(5) conidios/ml. No campo, houve diferenças dos tratamentos quanto às concentrações aplicadas e o tempo após a pulverização. As aplicações do patógeno resultaram em redução apenas no número de adultos e de ovos.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:42:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-566X2008000300013.pdf: 196978 bytes, checksum: c0d43f6c4306b238dd4aefb810bc9d85 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:42:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-566X2008000300013.pdf: 196978 bytes, checksum: c0d43f6c4306b238dd4aefb810bc9d85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2008000300013.pdf: 196978 bytes, checksum: c0d43f6c4306b238dd4aefb810bc9d85 (MD5) S1519-566X2008000300013.pdf.txt: 30097 bytes, checksum: a859a729fdd7623943e97516e962d467 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:07:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2008000300013.pdf: 196978 bytes, checksum: c0d43f6c4306b238dd4aefb810bc9d85 (MD5) S1519-566X2008000300013.pdf.txt: 30097 bytes, checksum: a859a729fdd7623943e97516e962d467 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:07:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2008000300013.pdf: 196978 bytes, checksum: c0d43f6c4306b238dd4aefb810bc9d85 (MD5) S1519-566X2008000300013.pdf.txt: 30097 bytes, checksum: a859a729fdd7623943e97516e962d467 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-01 Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma é um importante predador de Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) em citros no Brasil. O emprego de Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) como fonte de alimento para I. zuluagai em criações de laboratório foi investigado a 25,5 ± 0,5ºC, 88 ± 7% UR e fotofase de 12h. Inicialmente os níveis de oviposição do predador alimentado com ovos, estágios pós-embrionários mortos ou estágios pós-embrionários vivos de T. putrescentiae foram avaliados durante 10 dias. A taxa diária de oviposição foi de 1,3 ovo/ fêmea quando estas foram alimentadas com ovos de T. putrecentiae; 0,7 ovo/ fêmea quando estas foram alimentadas com estágios pós-embrionários mortos e cerca de 0,2 ovo/ fêmea quando alimentadas com estágios pós-embrionários vivos. Posteriormente, elaborou-se a tabela de vida de I. zuluagai, oferecendo-se como alimento ovos de T. putrescentiae. Os estágios imaturos foram observados a cada 8h, para determinar a duração correspondente. Na fase adulta, os ácaros foram observados a cada 24h, para se determinar os parâmetros reprodutivos. A capacidade de aumento populacional (r m) foi de 0,11 fêmea/ fêmea/ dia; resultando em uma razão finita de aumento de 1,11 (l). A taxa líquida de reprodução (R0) foi de 7,1 fêmeas/geração, com um tempo de geração de 18,6 dias. Os resultados obtidos mostram que T. putrescentiae é uma fonte de alimento favorável ao desenvolvimento de I. zuluagai. Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma is an important predator of Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) on citrus in Brazil. The suitability of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) as a food source of I. zuluagai in laboratory rearing was investigated at 25.5 ± 0.5ºC, 88 ± 7% RU and photophase of 12h. Initially, levels of oviposition of the predator fed on eggs were evaluated, as well as the dead or live post-embryonic stages of T. putrescentiae, in a period of 10 days. The daily oviposition rate was 1.3 egg per female when they were fed on eggs on T. putrescentiae, 0.7 egg per female when they were fed on dead post embryonic stages and about 0.3 egg per female when they were fed on live post-embryonic stages. Later, the life table of I. zuluagai was constructed, when eggs of T. putrescentiae were offered to the predators as prey. The immature stages were observed every 8h, to determine the corresponding durations. In the adult phase, the mites were observed every 24h, to determine the reproductive parameters. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r m) was 0.11 female/ female/day; resulting in a finite rate of increase of 1.11 (l). The net reproductive rate (R0) was 7.1 females/generation, with a mean generation time (T) 18.6 days. The results show that T. putrescentiae is a favorable food source for the development of I. zuluagai. UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias USP Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-05-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:26:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_ap_me_jabo.pdf: 367474 bytes, checksum: 6a94f715c2d4b5c0796d7e1ce3925f73 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A cultura do café (Coffea arabica L.) é de grande importância para a economia do Brasil, que é o maior produtor mundial de café, exportando 1,44 milhão de tonelada por ano. Dentre as pragas de importância na cultura está o ácaro Brevipalpus phoencicis, relatado em cafeeiros desde a década de 1950, sendo relacionado posteriormente com a doença mancha-anular, como vetor do vírus. Esta praga, devido à sua biologia e comportamento na planta, não é atingida facilmente pelas pulverizações, exigindo estudos e critérios na tecnologia de aplicação empregada. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a mortalidade de B. phoenicis em função da cobertura proporcionada pela calda aplicada em plantas de café, com dois tipos de ramais utilizados em pulverizadores de jato transportado e quatro volumes de aplicação. O experimento foi realizado em área de plantio comercial do café, no município de Altinópolis-SP, onde foram avaliados os efeitos do acaricida no controle do ácaro. Foi realizada uma aplicação com pulverizadores montados no terceiro ponto do trator, equipados com dois diferentes ramais de bicos, utilizando pontas de cerâmica da série JA. Os tratamentos utilizados foram a aplicação do acaricida abamectina, nos volumes de 250, 400, 550 e 700 L/ha, com dois ramais de bicos, totalizando 36 parcelas experimentais. Foram avaliadas a mortalidade do ácaro, a deposição e a cobertura da calda nas plantas de café. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com oito tratamentos mais uma testemunha e quatro repetições. A análise estatística foi feita no esquema fatorial 2x4+1 (2 ramais de bicos, 4 volumes de aplicação e uma testemunha). Verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa na análise estatística para o número de ácaros encontrados. Para os resultados de deposição, observa-se um aumento da deposição... The crop of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) has been economically important in Brazil which is the biggest world producer, exporting 1.43 million ton per year. Among the important pests in the culture is the mite Brevipalpus phoencicis, reported in coffee since 1950’s, which was associated to the ring-spot disease as a virus vector. Due to the behavior of the pest and plant configuration this mite is not reached by spraying on the plant that needs establishment of the criteria for the pesticide application. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mortality of B. phoenicis due obtained by coverage spray liquid applied on coffee plants, with two types of branches used in air assisted sprayers and of volumes from application. The experiment was carried out in area of commercial field of coffee, in Altinópolis-SP-Brazil, where the effect of the mitecide on the control of the mite had been evaluated. An application with two branches of mounted sprayers was carried out, using ceramics nozzles model JA. The treatments were the application of the mitecide abamectin, in the volumes of 250, 400, 550 and 700 L per hectare, with two branches of nozzles, totalizing 36 experimental plots. The mortality of the mite, the deposition and the coverage by spray liquid on the coffee plants had been evaluated. The experimental delineation was as randomized blocks, with eight treatments plus a check plot in four replications. The statistical analysis was in the factorial scheme 2x4+1 (2 branches of nozzles, 4 volumes of application and a check). It was no significant difference in the statistical analysis for the number of found mites. We verified an increase of deposition due the volume of application, and the top of the plants had more deposition of spray liquid. The average of efficiency for the branch duplicate was bigger (70%) than the conventional branch (50%). We concluded that the efficiency... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The evaluation of the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticillium lecanii, Aschersonia sp. and Paecilomyces sp. in Brevipalpus phoenicis in laboratory conditions has been the aim of this research work. This experiment consisted of 5 treatments and 5 replications, and each set contained the fruit of the common orange with 15 females of B. phoenicis. The fruits with mites were sprayed with an aqueous suspension in the concentration of 2.27x106 viable conidia/mL and adhesive dispenser, and the reference kits were sprayed with sterile water and adhesive dispenser. The fruits with mites were kept in temperature-controlled room (28º ± 1ºC, 75% ± 10 RH and 12-hour photophase). Mortality rate was evaluated daily during 11 days. Confirmation of mortality by fungi was undertaken by conidiogenesis observation in corpses transferred to the humid room. Since there was no conidiogenesis in corpses of mites which died during the experiment, results showed that there were no significant differences between the treatments with regard to mortality Neste trabalho, procurou-se avaliar a patogenicidade de Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticillium lecanii, Aschersonia sp. e Paecilomyces sp. sobre Brevipalpus phoenicis em condições de laboratório. O experimento constou de 5 tratamentos e 5 repetições, sendo que cada parcela constou de um fruto de laranja-pêra com 15 fêmeas de B. phoenicis. Os frutos com ácaros foram pulverizados com suspensão aquosa na concentração de 2,27x106 conídios viáveis/ml e espalhante adesivo, sendo as parcelas testemunhas pulverizadas com água estéril e espalhante adesivo. Os frutos com ácaros foram mantidos em câmara climatizada (28 ± 1ºC, 75 ± 10% de UR e fotofase de 12h) e a mortalidade avaliada diariamente, durante 11 dias. A confirmação da mortalidade por fungos foi realizada através da observação da conidiogênese nos cadáveres transferidos para câmara úmida. Os resultados demonstraram não existir diferenças significativas de mortalidade entre os tratamentos, não se constatando conidiogênese em cadáveres de ácaros mortos durante o experimento

Chlorotic spots have been observed in plants of Clerodendrum x speciosum growing in residential gardens and parks in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Thin sections of diseased tissues revealed characteristic cytopathic effects of the nuclear type of the Brevipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) mite-transmitted viruses (BTrV). Brevipalpus mites, identified as B. phoenicis, infesting symptomatic C. x speciosum plants transmitted the pathogen to healthy C. x speciosum and to C. thomsonae, Gomphrena globosa, Hibiscus cannabinus, H. coccineus, H. schizopetalus, Salvia leucantha, Spathiphyllum wallasi and Tetragonia expansa causing chlorotic spots on their leaves. Mechanical inoculation using leaf extracts from infected C. x speciosum resulted in chlorotic spots on inoculated C. x speciosum, Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, G. globosa, H. cannabinus, H. coccineus and T. expansa leaves. C. amaranticolor and C. quinoa kept at 28 - 30°C became systemically infected. The same cytopathic effects caused by the nuclear type of BTrV were seen in tissues from all infected test plants by electron microscopy. The virus was purified from systemically infected leaves of C. amaranticolor and C. quinoa. A polyclonal antiserum obtained from an immunized rabbit presented a strong reaction with the homologous antigen in ELISA tests. The results suggest that this chlorotic spot disease of C. x speciosum is caused by a new species of the nuclear type of BTrV, tentatively named Clerodendrum chlorotic spot virus (ClCSV). Manchas cloróticas e necróticas foram observadas em folhas de várias plantas de coração-sangrento (Clerodendrum x speciosum) cultivadas em parques e jardins em Piracicaba, SP, associadas à infestação pelo ácaro tenuipalpídeo Brevipalpus phoenicis. Exames preliminares de secções de tecido das manchas cloróticas ao microscópio eletrônico revelaram a ocorrência de efeitos citopáticos característicos dos induzidos pelos vírus do tipo nuclear, transmitido por ácaros Brevipalpus (VTB). Brevipalpus phoenicis coletados de C. x speciosum sintomático e transferidos para plantas sadias de C. x speciosum reproduziram as lesões. O ácaro também transmitiu o patógeno para C. thomsonae, Gomphrena globosa, Hibiscus cannabinus, H. coccineus, H. schizopetalus, Salvia leucantha, Spathiphyllum wallasi e Tetragonia expansa, as quais exibiram manchas cloróticas e/ou necróticas. O vírus também foi transmitido mecanicamente para Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, G. globosa, H. cannabinus, H. coccineus e T. expansa, além de C. x speciosum. Plantas de C. amaranticolor e C. quinoa mantidas a 28 - 30ºC desenvolveram infecção sistêmica. Em todos os tecidos sintomáticos das plantas-teste inoculadas, examinados ao microscópio eletrônico, foram encontrados efeitos citopáticos do tipo nuclear causado por VTB. O vírus foi purificado a partir de folhas com infecção sistêmica de C. amaranticolor e C. quinoa. Injeções de preparações purificadas em coelho geraram um anti-soro policlonal que reagiu especificamente com o antígeno homólogo em teste de ELISA. As evidências obtidas indicam que as manchas cloróticas do Clerodendrum estão associadas a um VTB do tipo nuclear, tentativamente denominado de vírus da mancha clorótica do Clerodendrum (Clerodendrum chlorotic spot virus- ClCSV).

Swinglea glutinosa (Blanco) Merr., a perennial plant in the family Rutaceae, is originally from southeast Asia but which is now grown worldwide. In Colombia, it is used as an ornamental and principally as a living fence around rural properties and farms in several regions of the country. Citrus leprosis virus cytoplasmic type (CiLV-C) was recently detected in orange groves of the Colombian Piedmont eastern plains, an area known as the Llanos Orientales (2). Because of the potential for country-wide infection of citrus, some measures are being taken to avoid CiLV-C spread to other regions of Colombia. Further surveys made from June to December 2005 to evaluate the extent of the spread of CiLV-C in the Llanos Orientales revealed some plants in S. glutinosa hedges surrounding citrus orchards exhibiting chlorotic spots and ringspots of varied size on the leaves, similar to those caused by CiLV-C on sweet oranges leaves. These plants were found near citrus orchards in the municipalities of Guamal and in some urban areas of Villavicencio City in the Meta Department. The possibility that these symptoms were caused by CiLV-C was investigated soon after sample collection by the same procedures as described previously for sweet orange (2). In the leaf lesions of S. glutinosa, typical bacilliform particles and dense cytoplasmic viroplasm were found with electron microscopy. Total RNA extracted from symptomatic leaves was subjected to reverse transcription-PCR (RT) using primers (Fwd. 5′GATACGGGACGCATAACA-3′/Rev. 5′-TTCTGGCTCAACATCTGG-3′) that specifically amplify a region within the CiLV-C putative methyltransferase gene and this yielded a single fragment of the expected 402 bp (3). Analysis of the consensus sequence derived from 20 RT-PCR products (GenBank Accession No. EU689106) showed 96% nucleotide and 92% amino acid sequence identity to the sequence of a Brazilian CiLV-C isolate (GenBank Accession Nos. DQ352194.1 and YP_654565.1), respectively. Recently, published work described mite transmission of CiLV-C to some nonrutaceous plants (1), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of a nonCitrus rutaceous plant naturally infected by CiLV-C. Mites found in citrus orchards and previously identified as Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (2), which are likely the most important vector of CiLV-C in citrus in Colombia, were observed feeding on healthy and symptomatic S. glutinosa, indicating that S. glutinosa is a host for B. phoenicis. Because the use of S. glutinosa as a living fence or hedge is a common practice in Colombia, CiLV-C-infected S. glutinosa plants may play a role in the epidemiology of leprosis in commercial citrus by serving as an inoculum source for this lethal virus. References: (1) M. Bastianel et al. Summa Phytopathol. 32:211, 2006. (2) G. A. León et al. Plant Dis. 90:682, 2006. (3) E. C. Locali et al. Plant Dis. 87:1317, 2003.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Scientific Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on 30 pest risk assessments made by France on organisms which are considered by France as harmful in four French overseas departments, i.e. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. In particular, the Panel was asked whether these organisms can be considered as harmful organisms for the endangered area of the above departments, in the meaning of the definition mentioned in Article 2.1.(e) of Directive 2000/29/EC and thus potentially eligible for addition to the list of harmful organisms in Directive 2000/29/EC.This document presents the opinion of the Panel on Plant Health on the full[1] pest risk assessment conducted by France on Brevipalpus californicus (Banks, 1904), Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) and Brevipalpus obovatus (Donnadieu, 1875)(Acari: Tenuipalpidae) with Guadeloupe and Martinique considered as endangered area.B. californicus, B. phoenicis and B. obovatus occur in tropical and subtropical climates. They also survive in greenhouse conditions beyond their natural range. These mites are polyphagous and their host range comprises over 900 plant species, including citrus. These three Brevipalpus species are considered to be the most economically important within the genus.B. californicus, B. phoenicis and B. obovatus cause chlorosis, blistering, bronzing or necrotic areas on leaves, fruits, stems, twigs and bud tissues of the infested host. However, mites of the genus Brevipalpus are of primary concern as virus vectors, particularly of citrus leprosis virus. Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV) causes one of the most serious virus diseases of citrus, associated with premature fruit drop, defoliation, and death of the twigs or branches. The damage caused by CiLV on citrus crops may lead to 100% yield loss.The Panel examined in detail the risk assessment provided, and considered the accuracy and quality of the information provided and methods applied for pest risk assessment purposes. The review was based on the principles of the International Standard on Phytosanitary Measures ISPM No. 11: Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests including analysis of environmental risks and living modified organisms (2004) by the International Plant Protection Convention (FAO, 2007b).Many statements in the French document are not referenced or supported by verifiable scientific data. Many referenced sources are quoted incorrectly which creates doubt about the accuracy of the information presented in the assessment. Transmission of CiLV by B. californicus, B. phoenicis and B. obovatus is highlighted as important, but information on the virus is not clearly presented nor taken fully into account in the analysis of entry pathways and assessment of the economic impact.The Panel agrees that the B. californicus, B. phoenicis and B. obovatus may enter, and can establish in the PRA area[2]. However, the Panel considers the ratings of “moderate” for the probability of entry and establishment in the PRA area to be higher, as additional ornamental and passenger pathways have not been investigated in the risk assessment and due to the cosmopolitan distribution of the species including areas of similar climate to the PRA area.The Panel agrees that the economic impact of the three Brevipalpus mites can be considered “moderate”, due to the importance of these species in transmission of CiLV and the presence of susceptible citrus species in the PRA area, particularly in Martinique where sweet orange represents a high proportion of the citrus produced. However, a high level of uncertainty is noted by the Panel with regard to whether these species are absent from the PRA area. Since the time the French assessment was undertaken, B. phoenicis has been reported from Guadeloupe. A survey is recommended to determine the extent to which Brevipalpus species may be present in the PRA area.On the basis that B. californicus, B. phoenicis and B. obovatus are not present in the PRA area, or are present but not widely distributed and under official control, the Panel concludes that the evaluation of pest risk management options are appropriate for Guadeloupe and Martinique and thus B. californicus, B. phoenicis and B. obovatus are potentially eligible for addition to the list of harmful organisms in Directive 2000/29/EC

A survey of Brevipalpus-transmitted plant viruses (BTrV) was carried out in the cities of Manaus and Presidente Figueiredo, and in the oil exploratory base of Urucu, Amazonas State, Central Amazon Basin, Brazil. The main characteristics considered during the survey were the occurrence of localized symptoms (chlorotic or brown spots, ringspots, green spots in senescent leaves) similar to those previously described for BTrV and infestation by Brevipalpus mites. For the evaluation of the infection by putative BTrV, small fragments of the leaf lesions were fixed in loco and later processed for ultrastructural electron microscopy at Piracicaba, SP. Thirteen plant hosts of presumed BTrV were found. Three of them probably represent previously described BTrV infecting Hibiscus rosa sinensis, H. syriacus and Clerodendrum x speciosum. For the first time we report cases of infection by putative BTrV of nuclear type in chlorotic spot in Piper callosum (Piperaceae), chlorotic ringspot in Monstera deliciosa (Araceae), chlorotic spot in Ruellia chartacea (Acanthaceae), chlorotic spot in Bidens sp. (Asteraceae), green spot in Allamanda chatartica (Apocynaceae), chlorotic spot in Gardenia sp. (Rubiaceae), chlorotic ringspot and green spot in Mussaenda erythrophylla. (Rubiaceae) and of cytoplasmic type in Clerodendrum speciosissimum (Lamiaceaae) and ringspots in Arundina graminifolia (Orchidaceae). All these plants were infested by Brevipalpu. phoenicis. Foi feito um levantamento no estado do Amazonas, na região da capital Manaus, na base de exploração de petróleo de Urucu (700 km a sudoeste de Manaus) e em Presidente Figueiredo (100 km ao norte de Manaus) à procura de vírus transmitidos por ácaros Brevipalpus (VTrB) em diferentes espécies de plantas. Foram coletadas 33 espécies de plantas caracterizadas por lesões localizadas em folhas (manchas cloróticas, manchas anelares, manchas verdes em folhas senescentes) e pela presença de ácaros Brevipalpus (os quais foram coletados para identificação e avaliação de sua diversidade) em plantas cultivadas, ornamentais e silvestres. Fragmentos das lesões foram fixados no local e processados para microscopia eletrônica ultraestrutural e examinados em Piracicaba, SP. Foram constatados treze casos positivos de detecção de efeitos citopáticos do tipo citoplasmático ou nuclear de VTrB nas plantas coletadas em Manaus. Três deles parecem representar casos anteriormente descritos de VTrB em Hibiscus rosa sinensis, H. syriacus e Clerodendrum x speciosum. Presumíveis VTrB do tipo nuclear foram constatados em mancha clorótica em Piper callosum (Piperaceae), mancha clorótica anelar em Monstera deliciosa (Araceae), mancha clorótica em Ruellia chartacea (Acanthaceae), manchas cloróticas em Bidens sp. (Asteraceae), mancha verde em Allamanda chatartica (Apocynaceae), mancha clorótica em Gardenia sp. (Rubiaceae), mancha verde em Mussaenda erythrophylla (Rubiacea) e do tipo citoplasmático em mancha clorótica em Clerodendrum speciosissimum (Lamiaceae) e mancha anular em Arundina graminifolia (Orchidaceae). Todas estas plantas achavam-se naturalmente infestadas por Brevipalpus phoenicis.

Field evaluation of different acaricides for control of red crevice mite Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes on tea revealed that all the tested acaricides, namely, Cybolt, dicofol, Folimat, dimethoate and Ambush, were effective in controlling the mites. However, significant yield increase was obtained in Cybolt‐ and Ambush‐treated plots compared to the other acaricides.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-11-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_pct_me_jabo.pdf: 235374 bytes, checksum: 2fb5a76205cabca63ef82857221b072e (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Funep O controle do ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939), transmissor do vírus da leprose, deve ser realizado quando sua população atinge o nível de ação, obtido pelo monitoramento de sua população, por meio de amostragens. Objetivou-se determinar o tamanho da amostra aceitável para estimar a população do ácaro, para posterior tomada de decisão sobre o controle da praga. O experimento foi realizado na Cambuhy Agrícola Ltda., situada no Município de Matão, Estado de São Paulo, no ano agrícola 2004-2005, em quatro diferentes talhões de citros, em áreas de baixa, média e alta infestação do ácaro da leprose. A empresa monitora essa praga por meio da inspeção de 1% das plantas do talhão, sendo aleatoriamente amostrados 3 frutos ou ramos da parte interna da copa por planta. Os talhões amostrados foram compostos de plantas da variedade Valência, com idade variando entre 5 e 14 anos, no espaçamento 7 x 3,5 m. As amostragens foram realizadas no mesmo padrão adotado pela empresa. Foram fixadas avaliações de 1; 2; 3; 5; 10 e 100% das plantas de cada talhão. Observou-se que a porcentagem de erro na estimativa da média para a porcentagem de frutos com presença de ácaros, quando se amostrou 1% das plantas, variou de 63 a 67%, indicando a necessidade de se amostrar no mínimo 165 plantas, para que se obtenha um erro na estimativa da média de 25%, o que é aceitável. Tal erro pode induzir o produtor a subestimar ou superestimar o nível de infestação, aumentando os gastos com pulverizações desnecessárias ou obtendo controle ineficiente do ácaro. Control of the mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939), a transmitter of the citrus leprosis virus, should be performed when the mite population attains peak activity level, which is obtained by monitoring population samples. The objective was to determine an acceptable sample size that would estimate the mite population for a posterior decision regarding pest control. The experiment was conducted at Cambuhy Agrícola Ltda., a company located in the Matão Municipality, São Paulo State, during the agricultural year, 2004-2005. Four different quadrants of the citrus grove were selected with low, medium and high infestation of the leprosis virus. The company monitored the pest by inspecting 1% of the plants in each quadrant and randomly selecting three fruits or the internal branches of the crown per plant. The quadrants were composed of the Valencia variety, ages ranging from 5 years to 14 years and planted with a spacing of 7 x 3.5m. The company’s standard sampling pattern was adopted. Assessments were fixed for 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 100% of the plants in each quadrant. The results indicated that the percentage error for a mean estimate of infested fruit ranged between 63 and 67% when 1% of the plants were considered, demonstrating the need for a minimum of 165 plants to obtain a mean acceptable estimated error of 25%. This error may induce the producer to sub-estimate or overestimate infestation level, resulting in increased expenditure with unnecessary applications or ineffective pest control.

The objective of this work was to study the population dynamics of Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) and predaceous mites (Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae), as well as the interactions among these mite species, in a coffee plantation in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Tydeids were also evaluated because of the high frequency of these mites on coffee plants. Samples of leaves, branches and fruits were taken fortnightly, from April 2001 to June 2003, from plants randomly chosen in the coffee plantation. B. phoenicis mites were found on leaves in higher number during the drier periods of the year. Among the predaceous mites, Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma and Euseius concordis (Chant) were the most frequent species on the surface of leaves. During the evaluations, 72,534 domatia were cut and opened to remove the mites, from 6,360 leaves examined. Zetzellia malvinae Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira was the most frequent predator species found inside domatia. Significant correlations were observed between population dynamics of, among others, E. concordis and B. phoenicis, Z. malvinae and B. phoenicis, and Z. malvinae and E. concordis. Significant correlations were also verified between the number of domatia and the population densities of B. phoenicis, E. concordis, Lorryia sp. and Z. malvinae. Interactions between predator-prey and predator-predator on coffee plants are discussed. The influence of the meteorological factors temperature and precipitation on the most frequent mite species is also discussed.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:42:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-566X2007000400016.pdf: 439155 bytes, checksum: 4405acc8ae88fdbcafb8c4f2881ef098 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:42:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-566X2007000400016.pdf: 439155 bytes, checksum: 4405acc8ae88fdbcafb8c4f2881ef098 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:54:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2007000400016.pdf: 439155 bytes, checksum: 4405acc8ae88fdbcafb8c4f2881ef098 (MD5) S1519-566X2007000400016.pdf.txt: 29004 bytes, checksum: 472ee98db5b56780e7017963d5255449 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2007000400016.pdf: 439155 bytes, checksum: 4405acc8ae88fdbcafb8c4f2881ef098 (MD5) S1519-566X2007000400016.pdf.txt: 29004 bytes, checksum: 472ee98db5b56780e7017963d5255449 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2007000400016.pdf: 439155 bytes, checksum: 4405acc8ae88fdbcafb8c4f2881ef098 (MD5) S1519-566X2007000400016.pdf.txt: 29004 bytes, checksum: 472ee98db5b56780e7017963d5255449 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a biologia de Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira nas temperaturas de 15; 20; 25; 30 e 35°C, alimentada com Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) e pólen de Thypha sp. em condições de laboratório. Tabelas de vida de fertilidade foram calculadas para determinar os parâmetros biológicos. A temperatura ideal para o desenvolvimento de A. brasiliensis foi 29°C. Os valores de T (ciclo de vida - dias), R0 e r m, na temperatura de 30°C, foram de 13,95; 16,25 e 0,20, respectivamente. A potencialidade de predação de A. brasiliensis foi estudada para as densidades populacionais de 5; 10; 20; 40 e 60 adultos de B. phoenicis a 29°C, em arenas de 3 cm de diâmetro, sobre frutos de laranja-pêra. A densidade de 20 ácaros foi suficiente para que o predador consumisse seu número máximo de presas (7,6 ácaros por dia). Densidades acima de 40 ácaros da leprose proporcionaram 4,7 ovos por dia, em comparação aos 2,5 ovos por dia obtidos na densidade de 20 ácaros da leprose. The present work aimed to study the biology of Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira at the following temperatures, namely 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, fed with Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) and Typha pollen, in laboratory conditions. Life tables were calculated to evaluate the biological parameters. The optimal development of A. brasiliensis took place at 29°C. The values of T (time of generation - days), R0 and r m at 30°C were, 13.95, 16.25 and 0.20, respectively. The prey consumption of A. brasiliensis was studied at the densities of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 leprosis mite females per cage (3 cm in diameter) on citrus fruits at 29°C. The maximum prey, namely 7.6 B. phoenicis females per day, were consumed at a density of 20 leprosis mites. At densities of above 40 leprosis mites per cage, A. brasiliensis oviposits 4.7 eggs per day, in comparison to 2.5 eggs per day at 20 mites per cage. Instituto Biológico Lab. Entomologia Econômica UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal Depto. Fitossanidade UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal Depto. Fitossanidade

Acaricidas inibidores da respiração celular são importantes para o controle de Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) na cultura dos citros no Brasil. Foram conduzidos estudos para avaliar: (a) a variabilidade na suscetibilidade de populações de B. phoenicis coletadas em pomares de citros para cihexatim, azociclotim, propargite e enxofre; (b) relações de resistência cruzada entre propargite e os acaricidas azociclotim, cihexatim, dinocape, piridabem e enxofre; e (c) o custo adaptativo associado à resistência de B. phoenicis a propargite em condições de laboratório. O método de bioensaio adotado foi o contato residual. A suscetibilidade foi estimada com concentrações diagnósticas baseadas na CL95 de cada acaricida. A resistência cruzada foi avaliada pela caracterização da curva de concentração-mortalidade das linhagens suscetível (S) e resistente a propargite (Propargite-R). O custo adaptativo foi avaliado mediante comparação de parâmetros biológicos das linhagens S e Propargite-R em frutos de laranja a 25 ± 1ºC e fotofase de 14h. Diferenças significativas na sobrevivência de B. phoenicis foram verificadas aos acaricidas cihexatim (de 16,3% a 80,5%), azociclotim (de 3,0% a 15,0%), propargite (de 1,0% a 71,6%) e enxofre (de 9,0% a 82,6%). Baixa intensidade de resistência cruzada foi verificada entre propargite e os acaricidas azociclotim (1,8 vezes), cihexatim (4,6 vezes), dinocape (3,5 vezes) e piridabem (3,5 vezes). Por outro lado, a intensidade de resistência cruzada a enxofre (> 111 vezes) foi bastante alta. Não foi verificada presença de custo adaptativo associado à resistência de B. phoenicis a propargite. Portanto, o uso desses acaricidas também deve ser feito de maneira criteriosa no manejo da resistência de B. phoenicis a acaricidas. Acaricides that inhibit cellular respiration play an important role in the control of Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) in citrus groves in Brazil. Studies were conducted to evaluate: (a) the variability in the susceptibility among B. phoenicis populations collected from citrus groves to cyhexatin, azocyclotin, propargite and sulphur; (b) cross-resistance relationships between propargite and azocyclotin, cyhexatin, dinocap, pyridaben and sulphur; and (c) the fitness cost associated with propargite resistance in B. phoenicis under laboratory conditions. A residual-type contact bioassay was used to characterize the susceptibility. The susceptibility was estimated with diagnostic concentrations based LC95 of each acaricide. The cross-resistance was evaluated by characterizing the concentration-mortality responses of susceptible (S) and propargite-resistant (Propargite-R) strains. The fitness cost was evaluated by measuring the biological parameters of S and Propargite-R strains on citrus fruits at 25 ± 1ºC and fotophase of 14h. Significant differences in the susceptibility of B. phoenicis were detected at diagnostic concentration of cyhexatin (survivorship from 16.3% to 80.5%), azocyclotin (from 3.0% to 15.0%), propargite (from 1.0% a 71.6%) and sulphur (from 9.0% to 82.6%). A low intensity of cross-resistance was detected between propargite and the acaricides azocyclotin (1.8-fold), cyhexatin (4.6-fold), dinocap (3.5-fold) and pyridaben (3.5-fold). On the other hand, the intensity of cross-resistance to sulphur (> 111-fold) was very high. There was no fitness cost associated with B. phoenicis resistance to propargite, based on biological parameters evaluated. Therefore, the use of these acaricides should also be done very carefully in resistance management of B. phoenicis to acaricides.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:47:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452007000200037.pdf: 641974 bytes, checksum: 2773155454178493f83138e5fb19e89b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:47:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452007000200037.pdf: 641974 bytes, checksum: 2773155454178493f83138e5fb19e89b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:37:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452007000200037.pdf: 641974 bytes, checksum: 2773155454178493f83138e5fb19e89b (MD5) S0100-29452007000200037.pdf.txt: 16770 bytes, checksum: df00dc7fae86cad637df8b2b2245b2b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:16:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452007000200037.pdf: 641974 bytes, checksum: 2773155454178493f83138e5fb19e89b (MD5) S0100-29452007000200037.pdf.txt: 16770 bytes, checksum: df00dc7fae86cad637df8b2b2245b2b3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452007000200037.pdf: 641974 bytes, checksum: 2773155454178493f83138e5fb19e89b (MD5) S0100-29452007000200037.pdf.txt: 16770 bytes, checksum: df00dc7fae86cad637df8b2b2245b2b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-01 O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a forma de ação de duas preparações de extrato pirolenhoso aplicadas diretamente sobre Brevipalpus phoenicis, que é o ácaro vetor da leprose dos citros, um dos principais problemas da citricultura Paulista. Para o experimento, foram utilizados ácaros adultos mantidos numa criação-estoque no laboratório de Acarologia da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, em Jaboticabal-SP. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por duas diferentes preparações (destilado e decantado) de extrato pirolenhoso de eucalipto nas proporções EP:água de 1:600; 1:300 (normalmente recomendadas); 1:150; 1:75; 1:38; 1:19 e de água (testemunha), com 7 repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída de 10 ácaros mantidos sobre um fruto de laranja, em arena de 2,5 cm de diâmetro, delimitada com cola adesiva tipo Tanglefoot®. As aplicações foram efetuadas em Torre de Potter, pulverizando-se 2 mL por fruto das soluções correspondentes aos diferentes tratamentos. Os frutos foram mantidos em sala climatizada a 27±1ºC, e as avaliações foram realizadas 24 e 48 horas após a aplicação dos tratamentos, determinando-se o número de ácaros mortos (mortalidade) e retidos na barreira adesiva (repelência). Os dois tipos de extrato pirolenhoso testados não apresentaram repelência significativa sobre Brevipalpus phoenicis; ambos induziram mortalidade significativa somente para concentrações acima de 1:150, com efeito mais pronunciado para o destilado; há um aumento na mortalidade de 24 para 48 horas após a aplicação; a ação protetora preconizada pela aplicação de baixas doses (1:300 a 1:600) nas plantas não é devida à mortalidade e repelência pelo contato direto do extrato pirolenhoso sobre os ácaros. The aim of this work was to evaluate the acaricide and repellent effects of two different pyroligneous extract preparations (PE) applied directly on Brevipalpus phoenicis. This mite is the vector or citrus leprosies, which is one of the main problems of São Paulo State citrus culture. This experiment was carried out with mites derived of the colony-supply maintained in the laboratory of Acarology of the Unesp - São Paulo State University, at Jaboticabal. The experiment consisted of application of water (control) and two distinct way of preparations (distilled and decanted) of pyroligneous extract (PE) of eucalyptus in 6 volumetric ratios PE: water of 1:600, 1:300, 1:150, 1:75, 1:38 and 1:19, with 7 replications. Each plot with 10 mites maintained on an orange fruit, in enclosure of 2.5 cm diameter isolated by Tanglefoot® (The Tanglefoot Company: USA) adhesive barrier. After confection of the enclosures and mites transference, 2 mL of the solutions corresponding to the different treatments were applied per fruit, by using a Potter´s Tower. Then, the fruits were maintained in a room at 27±1ºC, and evaluations of the number of dead mites (mortality) and restrained in the adhesive barrier (repellence) were carried out 24 and 48 hours after treatment application. The distilled PE presented more mortality in comparison to decanted PE for concentrations higher than 1:150. None of two types of extract showed significant repellence effect on B. phoenicis. The protective action recognized for low doses (1:300 to 1:600, normally recommended), is not due to mortality or repellence by direct contact of these products with mites. Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Tecnologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Fitossanidade Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Tecnologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Fitossanidade

The predaceous mite Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant) is the second most abundant phytoseiid on coffee plants (Coffea arabica L), after Euseius alatus DeLeon, in Lavras, MG, Brazil, associated to the vector of the coffee ring spot virus, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). Its life history was studied taking into account biological aspects, life table, predatory activity and functional and numerical responses in relation to the density of the prey. The adult female has longevity of 38 days when supplied with B. phoenicis. The intrinsic rate of population increase (r m) was 0.150 and the mean generation time (T) 25.3 days. The population doubles every 4.6 days. Thirty mites B. phoenicis /3-cm diameter coffee leaf arenas were separately offered to one specimen of each predator phase. Adult females were more efficient in killing all developmental phases of B. phoenicis, followed by the nymph stages. For the functional and numerical responses studies, from 0.14 to 42.3 immature specimens of the prey /cm² of arena were submitted to the predator, the preferred phase for predation. Predation and the oviposition of A. herbicolus increased with increasing prey density, with a positive and highly significant correlation. Regression analysis suggests a functional type II response, with a maximum daily predation near 35 B. phoenicis /cm² /one adult female. O ácaro predador Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant) é o segundo fitoseídeo mais abundante em cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.), após Euseius alatus DeLeon, na região de Lavras, MG, associado ao vetor do vírus da mancha-anular, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). Sua história de vida foi estudada levando em conta aspectos biológicos, tabela de vida, atividade predatória e respostas funcional e numérica em função da densidade de presa. Foi constatada longevidade de 38 dias para fêmeas adultas quando alimentadas com B. phoenicis. A estimativa da capacidade inata de crescimento da população (r m) foi 0,150 e a duração média de uma geração (T) 25,3 dias. A população dobrou a cada 4,6 dias. Trinta ácaros B. phoenicis /arena de folha de cafeeiro (3 cm de diâmetro) foram oferecidos separadamente para um espécime de cada fase do ácaro predador. Fêmeas adultas foram mais eficientes na predação de todas as fases do desenvolvimento do ácaro-presa, seguidas das fases ninfais. Para o estudo das respostas funcional e numérica, a presa foi oferecida nas densidades de 0,14 a 42,3 formas imaturas de B. phoenicis /cm² de arena, por serem preferidas para predação. A predação e oviposição de A. herbicolus aumentam com o aumento da densidade de presa, com uma correlação positiva e altamente significativa. A análise de regressão realizada sugere uma resposta funcional do tipo II, com uma predação máxima diária de aproximadamente 35 B. phoenicis /cm² /fêmea adulta.

In order to describe the dissemination of Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV) and Brevipalpus phoenicis, the Tenuipalpidae mite which transmits it, as well as to generate data for future development of better sampling and disease control procedures, analyses were conducted at three levels of spatial hierarchy. Over 100 distribution maps of mite-infested plants and plants with CiLV symptoms were constructed after evaluation of 174 sweet orange commercial grove blocks from four citrus regions of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Spatial correlation between maps of mite-infested plants and those with CiLV symptoms was very low and mostly not significant. Spatial dependency between adjacent plants was incipient as ordinary runs analysis showed that percentages of aggregated sequences within or across rows were very low for both mite-infested and diseased plants. Index of dispersion (D) values for all quadrat sizes suggested aggregation of plants with symptoms within quadrats, but much less aggregation for mite-infested plants. Values of log(A) and b were higher than 0 and 1, respectively, indicating a general and significant aggregation of infested/diseased plants inside quadrats. However, the degree of aggregation of plants with symptoms was higher than that of infested plants. Aggregation in each grove was positively correlated to the incidence of infested/diseased plants. Spatial autocorrelation also showed a higher strength of aggregation for plants with symptoms than for infested ones. This is the first time that spatial patterns of leprosis and B. phoenicis have been described.

En el Decreto 120/2004 de 16 de Julio del Consell de la Generalitat, se establece el Plan de Vigilancia Fitosanitaria Citrícola de la Comunidad Valenciana, creándose una red de vigilancia fitosanitaria en almacenes y dependencias de comercialización y una red de vigilancia en campo. En la primera red, los técnicos de la Consellería de Agricultura realizan inspecciones en almacenes y dependencias de comercialización de cítricos importados, para detectar posibles plagas o enfermedades exóticas. En la segunda red, la superficie citrícola de la Comunidad se halla dividida en cien áreas de control, visitadas quincenalmente por técnicos a razón de 50 por semana; en cada área se siguen cuatro puntos (uno fijo y tres variables) y mediante predeterminados sistemas de muestreo y trampeo se realiza seguimiento de plagas presentes y posible aparición de introducciones indeseadas. Se estableció un manual de identificación y manuales de procedimiento para seguimiento y modo de actuar en caso de localización de especies foráneas. Como parte del material de identificación se editó el audiovisual “Plagas exóticas de cítricos”. Este vídeo se proyectó en el 10º Symposium Nacional de Sanidad Vegetal de Sevilla. Sobre su contenido va a versar este ártículo.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:47:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452007000300047.pdf: 388452 bytes, checksum: 7e3d12a458b189b2438cbc72a65b0aaa (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:47:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452007000300047.pdf: 388452 bytes, checksum: 7e3d12a458b189b2438cbc72a65b0aaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:37:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452007000300047.pdf: 388452 bytes, checksum: 7e3d12a458b189b2438cbc72a65b0aaa (MD5) S0100-29452007000300047.pdf.txt: 19163 bytes, checksum: c66d7c838c75ad83865a9142344cb58d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:13:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452007000300047.pdf: 388452 bytes, checksum: 7e3d12a458b189b2438cbc72a65b0aaa (MD5) S0100-29452007000300047.pdf.txt: 19163 bytes, checksum: c66d7c838c75ad83865a9142344cb58d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:13:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452007000300047.pdf: 388452 bytes, checksum: 7e3d12a458b189b2438cbc72a65b0aaa (MD5) S0100-29452007000300047.pdf.txt: 19163 bytes, checksum: c66d7c838c75ad83865a9142344cb58d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 O controle do ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939), transmissor do vírus da leprose, deve ser realizado quando sua população atinge o nível de ação, obtido pelo monitoramento de sua população, por meio de amostragens. Objetivou-se determinar o tamanho da amostra aceitável para estimar a população do ácaro, para posterior tomada de decisão. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Cambuhy, Matão - SP, no ano agrícola 2003-2004. Escolheu-se ao acaso um talhão da variedade Valência, com oito anos de idade, plantada no espaçamento 7x3,5m, com 2.480 plantas. Nesse talhão, foram inspecionados 1; 2; 3; 5; 10 e 100% das plantas, o que corresponde a 25; 50; 74; 124; 248 e 2.480 plantas, respectivamente, em caminhamento no sentido das linhas de plantio. Foram amostrados 3 frutos ou, na ausência destes, eram analisados ramos. de acordo com os resultados obtidos, observa-se que a porcentagem de erro na estimativa da média para a porcentagem de frutos com presença de ácaros, quando se amostra apenas 1% das plantas (25 plantas), é de 50%, ou seja, para uma infestação de 10%, a variação da porcentagem de frutos infestados estaria entre 5 e 15%, levando o produtor a subestimar ou a superestimar o nível de infestação, aumentando os gastos com pulverizações desnecessárias ou um controle ineficiente do ácaro. Para que o erro na amostragem fique dentro da situação aceitável, de 20 a 30% (em média 25%) de erro, deveriam ser amostradas 105 plantas. Na porcentagem de frutos com mais de 10 ácaros, verifica-se que, para a situação aceitável (20 a 30%), devem ser inspecionadas 540 plantas. The control of the flat mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939), vector of the citrus leprous virus, must be done when its population reach the threshold level, estimated by the monitoring the mite population density. The objective of this study was to determine the acceptable sample size for estimating the flat mite population, for later decision. The experiment was realized at the Cambuhy Farm, Matão - SP. It was casually select an orchard of Valência variety, eight years of age, planted in a spacing of 7 x 3.5m, with 2.480 plants. This orchard was inspected 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 100% of plants, respectively 25, 50, 74, 124, 248 and 2480 plants, by walking in the direction of the planting lines. It was inspected 3 fruits or branch per plant. According to the results, it was observed that the error percentage for estimating the mean percentage of fruits with flat mite, in actual situation of inspection of flat mite leprous in citrus, when it was inspected only 1% of plants (25 plants) the error is 50%, however, for an infestation of 10% the variation of infested fruits percentage was between 5 and 15%, leading the farmers to under or super estimate the mite population density, increasing the costs with unnecessary pulverization or an inefficient control of the flat mite. To the error in the sample remains in an acceptable situation (20 to 30% of error), 105 plants must be inspected. In fruits percentage with more than 10 flat mites, it was verified that for the acceptable situation (20 to 30%), 540 plants must be inspected. UNESP FCAV UNESP FCAV

Solano-violeta (Solanum violaefolium) é uma planta ornamental rasteira usada para cobrir solos de áreas sombreadas. Um vírus que induz manchas anelares nas folhas desta planta, tentativamente designado Solanum violaefolium ringspot virus - SvRSV, transmitido pelo ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) foi encontrado em Piracicaba, SP. Trata-se de um vírus baciliforme que se assemelha a outros vírus do tipo citoplasmático transmitidos por Brevipalpus sp. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar propriedades biológicas e estabelecer uma caracterização molecular parcial do SvRSV. O vírus pode ser transmitido mecanicamente a várias outras espécies botânicas, causando lesões localizadas. Entre as espécies avaliadas, Datura stramonium mostrou-se a melhor hospedeira experimental. Observou-se também a manifestação de sintomas nestas plantas após infestação das mesmas por B. obovatus previamente alimentado em lesões de SvRSV, confirmando esta outra espécie de ácaro como vetor do vírus. Suas propriedades físicas in vitro foram: temperatura de inativação 40-45 ºC; ponto final de diluição 10-3-10-4; longevidade in vitro 12 dias. Em secções ultrafinas, as partículas do SvRSV mostraram-se levemente mais delgadas e mais longas que as de outros vírus do mesmo grupo. A partir do dsRNA do SvRSV foi construída uma biblioteca de cDNA e foram identificadas duas possíveis regiões codificadoras das proteínas de movimento e replicase viral. Baseado nestas regiões foram desenhados "primers" para amplificação do RNA do SvRSV por RT-PCR. Sondas baseadas nas seqüências obtidas hibridizaram com ss- e dsRNA de D. stramonium infectadas pelo vírus. Ensaios preliminares de RT-PCR e hibridização não resultaram em reação com o vírus da leprose dos citros, tipo citoplasmático (CiLV-C).

The flat mite Brevipalpus phoenicis is one of the main pests of citrus and coffee trees. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the spirodiclofen, cyhexatin, abamectin and sulphur on B. phoenicis, from citrus and cofee trees, in laboratory conditions. The experiments were carried out at the Laboratory of Acarology of the Department of "Fitossanidade" of the FCAV - UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP. Mites from two rearing colonies developing on orange fruits, were transferred one by one to microscope slides with dorsal part fixed on double face adhesive ribbon, divided in five replicates with six mites in each. Spraying was done in Potter tower (0.5 mL was of for slide) in treatments ing mitecides spirodiclofen 0.05 mL/100 mL water, spirodiclofen 0.03 mL/100 mL water, abamectin 0.04 mL/100 mL water, sulphur 0.5 g/100 mL water, cyhexatin 0.06 mL/100 mL water and one check without application. Mortality of mites was evaluate 2, 12 and 24 hours after spraying, considering dead the mites without apparent reaction. Experimental delineation was randomized plots with six treatments and five replications. For calculation of the efficiency percentage it was used formula of Abbott. The variance analysis was carried out by test F and compared by Tukey test (p

Brevipalpus phoenicis sensu stricto (Geijskes) is redescribed and the species diagnosis established. Two former synonyms of B. phoenicis sensu lato, B. yothersi Baker and B. papayensis Baker, are resurrected and redescribed and their species diagnoses established. Brevipalpus hondurani Evans is also redescribed and diagnosed. Four new species, previously misidentified as B. phoenicis sensu lato or B. obovatus Donnadieu, are described--B. azores sp. nov., B. feresi sp. nov., B. ferraguti sp. nov., and B. tucuman sp. nov. Four new junior synonyms of B. yothersi are listed--Brevipalpus amicus Chaudhri and B. recula Chaudhri (new synonymies), and B. mcbridei Baker and B. deleoni Pritchard and Baker (misidentifications). A key is provided to separate these species. New morphological characters significant for species separation are presented and discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pattaro_fc_dr_jabo.pdf: 791254 bytes, checksum: 5d6d545c192b8209c0b376a5b46f69cd (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Num pomar de laranja Pêra enxertada sobre tangerina Cleópatra, com 12 anos de idade e alto índice de sintomas de leprose, foram realizadas, a partir de outubro de 2003, podas severas e leves, e arranque seguido de replantio, para eliminar e reduzir fontes de inóculo da doença, e aplicações de acaricidas para controlar o ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis, resultando em interações de táticas que pudessem ser aplicadas tanto em pomares de citros convencional quanto em orgânicos. Realizaram-se avaliações periódicas para o monitoramento de B. phoenicis e ácaros predadores, quantificação da produção, incidência e severidade da leprose, bem como a viabilidade econômica das estratégias de controle da doença. Após três anos de manejo da leprose, a recuperação da produtividade das plantas foi diferenciada conforme o tipo de poda e replantio, tendo sido as melhores com as podas leves associadas ao acaricida spirodiclofen. As podas mais severas e o replantio tiveram acentuada redução da produtividade, não recuperando até então sua capacidade produtiva. O controle de B. phoenicis por meio da calda sulfocálcica exigiu, independentemente do tipo de poda empregado, maior número de aplicações do que spirodiclofen, tornando-o mais oneroso. A twelve-years-old orchard of orange Pêra variety grafted on tangerine Cleopatra variety with high level of leprosis symptoms recieved, starting in october/2003, heavy and soft prune out, and uproot and than replant of the same quality of trees, to remove and reduce source of disease, and received aplications of acaricides to control Brevipalpus phoenicis too, resulting in an interaction of tactics that can be used in conventional and organic citrus groves. Were made periodical evaluations to monitor the B. phoenicis and predators mite populations, and more quantify the production, incidence and severity of leprosis, and the economic viability of the control strategy of the disease. After three years of the leprosis management, the productive recuperations of the plants was differentiated as the kind of prune out and replant. The better results were obtained by the interactions of soft prune out and the spirodiclofen acaricide. The heavy prune out and the replant reduced a lot of the productivity, haven t recovering the expected produtivity. The B. phoenicis control with the use of lime sulfur needed a greater number of spray than when used the spirodiclofen, this independently of the kind of pruning used, been it more expensive. Keywords: Brevipalpus phoenicis, organic citrus, economic viability.

Cardinium have been found as endosymbionts of Brevipalpus phoenicis, the mite vector of the Citrus leprosis virus. With the long-term objective being to understand the mechanisms of plant-virus-vector interactions, we evaluated the different storage conditions and periods, as well as the number of mites needed for PCR-amplification of such endosymbionts, making it possible to collect mites in different geographical regions without prolonged storage compromising subsequent analyses.

A mancha anular do cafeeiro, causada pelo Coffee ringspot virus (CoRSV) que é transmitido pelo ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), tem sido observada em altas incidências em várias regiões cafeeiras do Estado de Minas Gerais. O CoRSV causa manchas cloróticas arrendondadas ou irregulares nas folhas, caules e frutos. Foi feita uma avaliação do efeito da infecção de frutos do cafeeiro pelo CoRSV na qualidade da bebida por meio de teste bioquímico e de degustação, e também na eventual perda de peso nos grãos. Testes revelaram que grãos provenientes de frutos de café infectados pelo CoRSV apresentavam menor teor de açúcares redutores e maior condutividade elétrica. Houve também depreciação na qualidade de bebida gerada pelos frutos infectados por meio do teste de degustação (teste de xícara). O peso médio dos grãos provenientes de frutos manchados foi cerca de 5% menor do que dos grãos de frutos sem sintomas.

Orientador: Angelo Pires do Prado Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia Resumo: Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as diferenças no desenvolvimento e taxas de crescimento populacional de Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) (ácaro da mancha-anular do cafeeiro) em folhas de quatro cultivares de cafeeiro ('Icatu Vermelho¿, 'Apoatã, 'Obatt e'Mundo Novov), mantidas em c mara climatizada a 252 º 1 C, UR 70 0 10% e fotofase de 14 horas. As folhas foram separadas por cultivar e divididas em aproximadamente 10 arenas, medindo aproximadamente 1,5 cm x 1 cm de erea, delimitadas por barreiras de algodoo omido. F meas de B. phoenicis foram colocadas sobre a superfrcie das folhas (arenas), por um pereodo de 24 horas para obteneno dos ovos. ApAs este pereodo, as f meas foram retiradas, deixando-se apenas um ovo por arena. As arenas foram examinadas diariamente, avaliando-se os seguintes parametros: sobrevivincia dos scaros; viabilidade dos ovos; durarao de cada estsdio de desenvolvimento, n mero m dio e total de ovos por f mea; pereodos de prp-oviposisio, oviposisio, p s-oviposisio e longevidade dos scaros. O Ocaro plano B. phoenicis apresentou difereneas significativas nos tempos de desenvolvimento, pereodo de prp-oviposisio, taxa de oviposisio e longevidade, para os diferentes cultivares de cafa estudados. Os menores pereodos de desenvolvimento (ovo a adulto) (28,6 dias), prp-oviposisio (2,4 dias) e tempo para completar uma gerarao (T = 35,2 dias) foram observados para a cultivar 'Mundo Novov. O maior n mero de ovos por f mea f rtil (4,7); maiores taxas l quida de reproduduo (Ro = 1,92) e intrtnseca de incremento natural (rm = 0,016) foram registrados para a cultivar 'Apoata. As cultivares mais favorvveis para a multiplicaico de B. phoenicis foram, nesta ordem: 'Apoato, 'Mundo NovoN e 'ObatO, baseando-se nas taxas finitas de incremento. 'Icatu Vermelhoe mostrou-se ser a cultivar menos favoravel v multiplicalio de B. phoenicis Abstract: This work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the differences in development and population growth rates for Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) (coffee ringspot mite) on leaves of four cultivars of coffee ('Icatu Vermelho¿, 'Apoatã, 'Obatt and 'Mundo Novov), kept in climatic chambers at 252 º 1 C, relative humidity of 70 0 10% and photophase of 14 hours. The leaves were separated according to the cultivar and divided into approximately 10 arenas, with an area of about 1,5 cm x 1 cm, delimited by wet cotton barrier. Females of B. phoenicis were placed on the leaf surfaces (arenas), for a period of 24 hours for obtaining the eggs. After this period, the females were removed, leaving only one egg of B. phoencis on each arena. The arenas were examined daily, evaluating the following parameters: survival of mites; egg viability; duration of each developmental stage; average and total number of eggs per female; duration of the preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods; and adult longevity. The flat mite, B. phoenicis, presented significant differences in the duration of developmental periods, preoviposition periods, oviposition rates and adult longevities, for the different studied coffee cultivars. The shortest developmental periods (eggadult) (28.56 days), preoviposition periods (2.45 days), and generation times (T = 35.19 days) were observed for the cultivar 'Mundo Novov. The highest number of eggs laid per fertile females (4.66); the highest net reproductive rates (Ro = 1.92) and intrinsic rates of natural increase (rm = 0.016) were registered for 'Apoata. The most favorable cultivars for the multiplication of B. phoenicis were, in this sequence: 'Apoato, 'Mundo NovoN and 'ObatO, based on the finite rates of increase. 'Icatu Vermelhoe was shown to be the less favorable cultivar for the multiplication of B. phoenicis Mestrado Entomologia Mestre em Parasitologia

Brevipalpus phoenicis (Giejskes) Tenuipalpus phoenicis Geijskes, 1939: 230. Brevipalpus phoenicis, Sayed, 1946: 99. Specimens examined: females from "clementines", Citrus sp. (Rutaceae), Vieux Habitants, Guadeloupe, 10 May 2004. This is the first report of this species in the French Antilles., Published as part of Flechtmann, Carlos H. W. & Etienne, Jean, 2005, On plant mites from Guadeloupe, with descriptions of four new species of Eriophyidae, pp. 55-68 in Zootaxa 1046 on page 56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169894, {"references":["Geijskes, D. L. (1939) Beitraege zur Kenntnis der europaeischen Spinnmilben (Acari, Tetranychidae) mit besondere Beruecksichtigung der niederlaendischen Arten. Mededeelingen van de Landbouwhoogeschool te Wageningen, 42 (4), 1 - 68.","Sayed, M. T. (1946) Description of Tenuipalpus granati nov. spec. and Brevipalpus pyri nov. spec. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad I er, Entomologi e, 30, 99 - 104."]}

Seven species of plant mites are reported from Guadeloupe: two spider mites, Oligonychus biharensis (Hirst) and Tetranychus mexicanus (McGregor), Tetranychidae; one false spider mite, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), Tenuipalpidae; two eriophyid mites, Colomerus bucidae (Nalepa) and Ectomerus triquetrus Flechtmann & Etienne, Eriophyidae; two phytoseiid mites, Amblyseius largoensis (Muma) and Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, Phytoseiidae; and, four new species of eriophyid mites, namely Acalitus cracens n. sp. from Turnera subulata Smith (Turneraceae), Aceria doliolum n. sp. from Haematoxylon campechianum L. (Caesalpiniaceae), Eriophyes gallitor n. sp. from Sideroxylon obovatum (Lam.) (Sapotaceae) and Vasates caritus n. sp. from Haematoxylon campechianum L. (Caesalpiniaceae).

The objective of this study was to evaluate the oviposition rate and the survivorship of some of the most common predators on plants of the natural vegetation of southeastern Brazil, when confined with different food sources. Forty-four laboratory tests were carried out, each corresponding to a different combination of predator species and food source. The predators tested were: Phytoseiidae--Amblyseius acalyphus, Euseius citrifolius, Iphiseiodes zuluagai, Metaseiulus (Metaseiulus) camelliae, Typhlodromips cananeiensis; Stigmaeidae--Agistemus floridanus, Zetzellia malvinae; Tydeidae--Pronematus sp. For most predators, the highest oviposition rate and survivorship were obtained when the prey was one of the tenuipalpid mites, Brevipalpus phoenicis or Tenuipalpus heveae. With the exception of A. floridanus, the predators had low oviposition rate and survivorship on Calacarus heveae relative to their respective rate on other food sources. Predators had also generally low oviposition rate and survivorship when feeding on Tetranychus urticae, Oligonychus gossypii or Frankliniella sp.

Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is recognized as the vector of citrus leprosis virus that is a significant problem in several South American countries. Citrus leprosis has been reported from Florida in the past but no longer occurs on citrus in North America. The disease was recently reported in Central America, suggesting that B. phoenicis constitutes a potential threat to the citrus industries of North America and the Caribbean. Besides B. phoenicis, B. obovatus Donnadieu, and B. californicus (Banks) have been incriminated as vectors of citrus leprosis virus and each species has hundreds of host plants. In this study, Brevipalpus mite specimens were collected from different plants, especially citrus, in the States of Florida (USA) and Sao Paulo (Brazil), and reared on citrus fruit under standard laboratory conditions. Mites were taken from these colonies for DNA extraction and for morphological species identification. One hundred and two Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were scored along with amplification and sequencing of a mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene fragment (374 bp). Variability among the colonies was detected with consistent congruence between both molecular data sets. The mites from the Florida and Brazilian colonies were morphologically identified as belonging to B. phoenicis, and comprise a monophyletic group. These colonies could be further diagnosed and subdivided geographically by mitochondrial DNA analysis.

The flat-mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is considered important in citrus (Citrus spp.) and coffee plants (Coffea spp.) in Brazil, and is known as the leprosis and coffee ring spot mite, as being a vector of the Citrus Leprosis Rhabdovirus - CitLV and Coffee Ring Spot Virus - CoRSV. The objective of this work is to find out about the reproductive success of B. phoenicis on citric fruits and coffee leaves by fertility life table parameters and its biology. The experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions at 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% of relative humidity and 14 h of photophase. The lengths of embryonic and post-embryonic periods were different due to the host where the mite was reared. B. phoenicis showed better development and higher survival and fecundity in citric fruits than coffee leaves. The intrinsic rate of the population increase (r m) was 0.128 and 0.090 - females/female/day on citric fruits and coffee leaves, respectively. The citric fruits were more appropriate for the development of B. phoenicis than coffee leaves. O ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) é considerado importante em citros (Citrus spp.) e cafeeiro (Coffea spp.) no Brasil, sendo conhecido como ácaro da leprose e da mancha-anular, por ser vetor dos vírus causadores da leprose em citros,Citrus Leprosis Rhabdovirus - CitLV, e da mancha-anular em cafeeiro,Coffee Ring Spot Virus - CoRSV. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o sucesso reprodutivo de B. phoenicis, em frutos cítricos e em folhas de cafeeiro, por meio de parâmetros calculados a partir da tabela de vida,de fertilidade e da biologia. Os experimentos foram realizados em laboratório a 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% de umidade relativa e 14 h de fotofase. Os períodos embrionário e pós-embrionário apresentaram diferenças em função do hospedeiro em que o ácaro foi criado.B. phoenicis teve melhor desenvolvimento, maior sobrevivência e maior fertilidade específica em frutos cítricos do que em folhas de cafeeiro. A taxa intrínseca de crescimento populacional (rm) foi de 0,128 e 0,090 fêmeas/fêmea/dia em frutos cítricos e em folhas de cafeeiro, respectivamente. Os frutos cítricos mostraram-se mais adequados ao desenvolvimento de B. phoenicis do que as folhas de cafeeiro.