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Résumé : L’objectif de cette recherche est de montrer l’impact des transferts monétaires des migrants internationaux de la région de Zinder au Niger. Elle vise à identifier les transferts de fonds qui favorisent le développement socioéconomique des ménages d’origine des migrants. Dans la conduite de notre recherche, les données primaires et secondaires sont utilisées. Dans un premier temps, les résultats de cette recherche ont montré que les migrants transfèrent des fonds en grande majorité dont le but principal est de fournir des supplémentaires à leurs ménages pour répondre aux besoins de base et améliorer les conditions de vie de leurs familles. A cet effet, les transferts monétaires des migrants contribuent positivement au bien-être socioéconomique des ménages d’origine. Ils contribuent à la réduction de la pauvreté en leur permettant d’améliorer la sécurité alimentaire, l’accès aux soins de la santé, de l’éducation de leurs enfants et l’amélioration de leur cadre de vie. Les transferts monétaires des migrants offrent aussi aux ménages bénéficiaires un capital économique leur permettant d’exercer des petits commerces, et d’investir dans l’agriculture, l’élevage, le foncier etc.

With the growth of demand for electrical energy, electrical networks are nowadays subjected to very high loads, sometimes beyond their capacity. This leads to their malfunction and their inability to meet expectations. But given the importance of electricity in our lives, this disruption cannot be tolerated for long, which leads distribution operators to implement maintenance programs to ensure continuity of service. However, these measures, although extremely important, are time consuming, costly and sometimes do not provide complete satisfaction, resulting in the absence of electricity to consumers. The study of reliability of medium voltage distribution network in Niamey allowed us to analyze the performance indices of latter. Indeed, we based ourselves on the number of incidents (opening of HV outlets) and their duration while taking into account the origin of the associated disturbances. In the light of this analysis, the reliability of lines is close to 95% only for a period of one (1) hour (h) and is almost zero beyond 100 hours of operation. As for maintainability, it is only guaranteed within a period of 10 hours after the occurrence of incident on network. &nbsp

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited disease characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and usually affects boys. The authors reported at the neurology department of the national hospital in Niamey, the case of a family whose boys presented proximal motor deficits in all four limbs, and whose mothers were carriers of cardiomyopathy. The first generation consisted of seven boys and four girls, among which, three boys died of walking disability and breathing disorders, and two of unknown cause. Also, the three girls were carriers of cardiomyopathy and the other died of unknown cause. In the second generation, three boys had died (unknown cause), two were alive and aged 10 and 14 years with walking disability whose balance sheets were abnormal, including CPK (creatinine phosphokinase) and myoglobin. The genetic test showed an out-of-phase duplication of exons 8 to 18 in the latter. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a rare disease. It is important to think about it when there is a family history of limb-girdle deficit in boys, and to systematically search for cardiac disorders in mothers.

South Africa first entered my consciousness when I was a primary school student growing up in Jinja, Uganda. One day, at our school assembly, we had a visitor from Durban, South Africa. He had trav...

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third cause of cancer-related mortality globally. However, available treatments are expensive and are associated with adverse effects or poor treatment outcomes in advanced disease. Meanwhile, plants like Carica papaya have demonstrated various biological activities that further studies may lead to the identification of newer and safer treatment options for HCC. Aim: To evaluate the anticancer activity of an alkaloidal extract derived from Carica papaya seeds using rodent models of HCC. Experimental procedure: Carica Papaya fruits were collected and authenticated. The seeds were isolated and air-dried. Alkaloidal extract was prepared from a 70% ethanol soxhlet crude extract and referred to as Carica papaya alkaloidal extract (CPAE). HCC was induced in 68 out of 84 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 16 weeks. These rats were put into five groups of 10; Carica papaya alkaloidal extract [(CPAE) (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), Lenvatinib (4 mg/kg)], 1% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), and 2 untreated groups (control and model). A prophylaxis study was performed with 10 rats by co-administration of CPAE (200 mg/kg) and CCl4 six hours apart for 16 weeks. Rats were sacrificed after a twelve-week treatment program under anesthesia for histological, hematological, and biochemical analyses. Results and conclusion: CPAE (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly restored weight loss (48.44 and 51.75% respectively), reduced tumor multiplicity, and dose-dependently reversed liver histomorphological changes induced by CCl4 compared to the model group. The CPAE (100 and 200 mg/kg) further reduced bleeding time, improved prothrombin time and restored platelet count (p < 0.01) compared to the model. The CPAE (200 mg/kg) again significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced serum alpha-fetoprotein levels compared to the model group and prevented the establishment of HCC in rats when concerrently administered with CCl4 in 16 weeks prophylactic study.

Two recent randomized controlled efficacy trials showed that harm-reduction treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD)-or patient-driven treatment that does not require abstinence and instead supports decreased alcohol-related harm and improved quality of life (QoL)-is efficacious for adults experiencing homelessness and AUD. The present study provides qualitative and quantitative analysis of one component of harm-reduction treatment, participants' harm-reduction goal-setting, within these two trials. Aims of this secondary, dual-trial study (Trial 1 N = 208, Trial 2 N = 86) were to describe participant-generated harm-reduction goals and determine whether aspects of harm-reduction goal-setting predict treatment outcomes. Across both trials, qualitative findings indicated improving QoL, meeting basic needs, improving physical and mental health, and changing drinking behavior were participants' top four goals. Only 2%-6% of goals centered on attaining alcohol abstinence. Regarding quantitative findings, Trial 1 showed statistically significant increases in goals generation over the course of treatment, while proportion of achieved goals stayed constant. In Trial 2, number of goals generated remained constant, while proportion of goals achieved increased. Trial 2 findings showed greater goal generation over time was associated with better physical health-related QoL, and drinking-related goals predicted improved alcohol outcomes. Overall, this secondary, dual-trial study suggests patient-driven goal-setting in harm-reduction treatment is feasible: Participants generated diverse, personalized, and clinically relevant goals. This study built on positive efficacy trial findings, indicating participants' generation of goals was associated with improved treatment outcomes. More research is needed to further understand more nuanced relationships between harm-reduction goal-setting and treatment outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Introduction: Increase in the prevalence of type-2 diabetes in Sub-Sahara Africa has created the need for robust treatment and management programs. However, an effective diabetes management program requires a high annual budget that most countries in this region cannot afford. That said, various plants and plant products in this region have either been confirmed and/or ethnopharmacologically used for the management of type-2 diabetes. Aim: To investigate the antidiabetic and insulin secretory effects of an alkaloidal extract derived from Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides in normoglycemic and experimental diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Alkaloidal extract was prepared from leaves of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (ZZAE). Nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetes was modeled in male Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 130 to 150 g. The experimental diabetic rats were grouped into six treatment groups [Model, 20% Tween20, chlorpropamide, and ZZAE (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg)], and one control group. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), and body weight were measured weekly. Rats were sacrificed 2 days after treatment under chloroform anesthesia to collect blood samples and to isolate major organs for biochemical, and histological analyses respectively. Islets of Langerhans were isolated from normoglycemic rats and co-cultured with ZZAE and chlorpropamide (10 μg/mL) to assess the insulin secretory effect of ZZAE. Results: ZZAE improved glucose kinetics curve in normoglycemic (p < 0.001) and experimental diabetic rats (p < 0.05) compared to the model. ZZAE (100 and 150 mg/kg) restored islets population, and improved kidney, and liver, histoarchitecture. ZZAE (150 mg/kg) improved post-treatment serum insulin levels compared to the model group (p < 0.001) and the Chlorpropamide group (p < 0.05). ZZAE also restored glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscles of experimental diabetic rats and stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic islets of Langerhans isolated from normoglycemic rats. Conclusion: These results showed that ZZAE has active alkaloids that can be explored for diabetes management.

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third cause of cancer-related mortality globally. However, available treatments are expensive and are associated with adverse effects or poor treatment outcomes in advanced disease. Meanwhile, plants like Carica papaya have demonstrated various biological activities that further studies may lead to the identification of newer and safer treatment options for HCC. Aim To evaluate the anticancer activity of an alkaloidal extract derived from Carica papaya seeds using rodent models of HCC. Experimental procedure Carica Papaya fruits were collected and authenticated. The seeds were isolated and air-dried. Alkaloidal extract was prepared from a 70% ethanol soxhlet crude extract and referred to as Carica papaya alkaloidal extract (CPAE). HCC was induced in 68 out of 84 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 16 weeks. These rats were put into five groups of 10; Carica papaya alkaloidal extract [(CPAE) (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), Lenvatinib (4 mg/kg)], 1% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), and 2 untreated groups (control and model). A prophylaxis study was performed with 10 rats by co-administration of CPAE (200 mg/kg) and CCl4 six hours apart for 16 weeks. Rats were sacrificed after a twelve-week treatment program under anesthesia for histological, hematological, and biochemical analyses. Results and conclusion CPAE (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly restored weight loss (48.44 and 51.75% respectively), reduced tumor multiplicity, and dose-dependently reversed liver histomorphological changes induced by CCl4 compared to the model group. The CPAE (100 and 200 mg/kg) further reduced bleeding time, improved prothrombin time and restored platelet count (p < 0.01) compared to the model. The CPAE (200 mg/kg) again significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced serum alpha-fetoprotein levels compared to the model group and prevented the establishment of HCC in rats when concerrently administered with CCl4 in 16 weeks prophylactic study., Hepatocellular carcinoma; Alpha-fetoprotein; Alkaloidal extract; Prothrombin time; Prophylaxis