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The role of generalist predators has long been considered an important component of mortality for many agricultural pests but can be difficult to quantify. We present the use of digital imaging as ...

In 2013, cereal leaf beetle was reported for the first time in California. Most likely it moved south from Oregon into the state’s northern region. In response, the gregarious larval endoparasitoid...

Dorff, Nathan, Borkent, Art, Curler, Gregory, Madriz, R. Isaí (2022): A new species of hyporheic Corethrella Coquillett from North America (Diptera: Corethrellidae). Journal of Natural History 56 (13-16): 1007-1028, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2090868, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2090868

Corethrella (Corethrella) kipferi Dorff, Borkent and Curler, sp. nov. (Figures 4–9) Type material Holotype, female adult on microscope slide, labelled ‘ HOLOTYPE Corethrella kipferi Dorff, Borkent & Curler’, ‘ 16 km SE of Ozark, Missouri, 36° 52.697 ʹ N 93° 9.312 ʹ W, 280 m, 6-VI-2018, N. Dorff, frog call trap’ (USNM). Paratypes: 1 on microscope slide from type locality, GenBank® accession number OK624783 (USNM); 24, pinned, from type locality (6, CNCI; 8, SEMC; 10 USNM); 24, on microscope slides, from type locality (8, CNCI; 8, SEMC; 8 USNM); 5 fourth-instar larvae on microscope slides from type locality (2 CNCI; 3 USNM); 5 fourthinstar, 5 third-instar, 6 second-instar, 6 first-instar larvae, on microscope slides, locality labelled as for holotype but ‘36° 53.152 ʹ N 93° 9.271 ʹ W’’, from variable dates (4 fourthinstar, 4 third-instar, 4 second-instar, 2 first-instar, all on one slide, CNCI; 1 4 th, 1 3 rd, 2 2 nd, 4 1 st, USNM). Diagnosis Adult male: Unknown. Adult female: Only extant species of Corethrella in the New World with a circular head (in anterior view, Figure 5), with flagellomere 1 moderately elongate (Figure 5), sensilla coeloconica present only on flagellomeres 1, (6), 10–13 and with only a single sensillum coeloconicum on each of 10–13, wing with at least a few slightly expanded scales (Figure 6), with uniformly pigmented wing (Figure 6), scutum, katepisternum and legs (Figure 4). Also, the only extant species of Corethrella in the Nearctic with the following combination of characters: wing uniformly pigmented, palpal segment 3 swollen apically, and thorax nearly uniformly light brown. Pupa: unknown. Fourth-instar larva: only extant species of Corethrella in the Nearctic with an entirely pale body, prothoracic sensilla 7, 10 plumose, 8 bifurcate and mesothoracic sensilla 8 plumose, with four branches. Description Adult male: unknown. Adult female (n = 5). Head: Outline in anterior view somewhat circular (as in Figure 5), head capsule width (W) 0.38–0.40; height (H) 0.30–0.32 W/H = 1.26–1.25. Coronal suture extending to the ventral margin of the innermost ommatidia (as in Figure 5). One large seta on frons between ventromedial areas of ommatidia (as in Figure 5). Antenna medium brown (Figure 4); pedicel (Figure 5) without distinctive, more elongate, stout, dorsal or dorsolateral setae; flagellomeres as in Figure 4, sensilla coeloconica distribution: 1, (6), 10– 13, with single sensilla coeloconica on each of flagellomeres 10–13; flagellomere 13 with well-developed apical bifurcation. Mandible (Figure 5) with small, pointed teeth. Clypeus (Figure 5) nearly square in frontal view, with lateral margins slightly convex, ventral margin emarginate at median, with 7–8 setae. Palpus (Figure 5) brown; segment 3 swollen apically, length/width (L/W) = 3–3.5. Thorax (Figure 4): Nearly uniformly medium brown, small dark area on lateral margin of scutum near base of wing, pale sclerites around base of wing. Prescutal suture elongate, with area of pale cuticle at base. Posterior portion of dorsocentral row with two elongate setae situated somewhat lateral to one another. Anterior anepisternum divided diagonally by sinuous suture, dorsal portion about equal to ventral portion. Five posterior anepisternal setae. One anepimeral seta. Ventral portion of posterior anepisternum not differentiated from dorsal portion, anterior margin more darkly pigmented than the pale posterior margin. Wing (Figure 6): Length = 1.23–1.36 mm. Ratio of R 1 /wing length = 0.63–0.71. Apex of R 2 basal to apex of M 1. Plain, without pattern of pigmented veins and/or scales; veins (other than Costa and wing margin) with at least some slightly expanded scales. Halter paler than scutellum. Legs (as in Figure 4): Uniformly pigmented. With only slender setae, lacking scales (except for some in patch of whip-like setae on posterior portion of hind tibia). Mid leg with thick, subapical setae on each of at least tarsomeres 1–3. Claws of each leg equal to those of others; equal on each leg, simple (without inner teeth). Empodia slender. Abdomen: Uniformly medium brown. Pupa: Unknown. Fourth-instar larva (Figures 7–9): Colouration uniformly pale (Figure 7a–c). Head capsule L 0.52–0.60, W 0.50 –0.58, L/ W 0.92 –1.20 (n = 8); sclerites yellow to light tan, with membranous parts white; cuticle of thorax and abdomen white to transparent, with sclerites of segments 7–10 light tan. Head (Figure 8): Posterior margin of head capsule broadly arched anteriorly (Figure 7c), semi-circular in dorsal view (Figure 7a); frontoclypeal apotome approximately half the length of gena, with posterior margin clearly anterior to tentorial grooves and larval eye spots in dorsal view; labium with basal 1/3 of lateral margins slightly convex, apical 2/3 straight, converging gradually, without abrupt narrowing near apex, with apical margin (sans postmentum) appearing bilobed, cleft at median due to V-shaped furrow; postmentum with 11 dentations (Figure 8); median tooth largest, flanked on each side by one tooth less than half its size, three larger teeth and one minute outer tooth; outermost teeth lightly pigmented, poorly visible in cleared specimens; all teeth with bases arranged in a row so that a straight horizontal line may be placed across them in ventral view (Figure 9). Thorax (Figures 7 and 9): Prothoracic sensilla 7 and 10 plumose, 8 bifurcate; mesothoracic sensilla 8 plumose (Figure 9), with four branches, 13 plumose, with five branches; metathorax with lateral lobes extending beyond those of abdominal segments 1–2 (Figure 9), setae 6, 7, 9, 12 plumose, 10 and 13 simple. Abdomen (Figures 7 and 9): Dorsum of segments 1–6 lacking sclerotised plates (Figure 7a). Lateral lobe of segments 1–2 elongate, with those of segment 2 slightly longer than those of segment 1, approximately 0.5× length of seta 6 of each segment; lateral lobes trifurcate at apex (Figure 9), with branches arranged in vertical row, each with elongate, simple seta inserted apically; dorsal and ventral branches of lateral lobe with minute, spiniform cuticular projections at base and elongate, prominent spiniform projections at apex, flanking base of setae alveoli; middle branch of lateral lobe with apex rounded, lacking spines. Segments 3–4 with lateral setae 6–7 plumose, each inserted on conical protuberance, setae and conical protuberances of segment 4 slightly longer than those of segment 3, both segments with lateral setae clearly shorter than corresponding simple lateral setae on segments 1 and 2. Segments 5–6 with lateral setae 5–6 plumose, decreasing in size from segment 5 to 6. Segments 6–7 with seta 13 plumose (Figure 9), prominent, increasing in size from segment 6 to 7. Segment 8 with lateral lobe trifurcate (Figure 9); ventral branch of lobe with spiniform projections at apex flanking alveolus of seta 5; seta 5 plumose, seta 4 simple. Respiratory siphon with setae 7 and 9 sharply hooked at apex, setae 7 sickle-shaped in lateral view. Third-instar larva: Head capsule L 0.32–0.38; W 0.38 –0.40, L/ W 0.84 –0.95 (n = 5). Second-instar larva: Head capsule L 0.24–0.30; W 0.24 –0.26, L/ W 1.08 –1.15 (n = 4). First-instar larva: Head capsule L 0.18–0.20; W 0.18, L/ W 1.00 –1.11 (n = 4). One female adult C. kipferi was barcoded using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and is available publicly on GenBank® (accession number: OK624783; www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ genbank/). Distribution Corethrella kipferi is known only from two closely situated localities in the Ozark Mountains in Christian County, Missouri, USA, at an altitude of 280 m (36.92556°N 93.22528°W). Bionomics A total of 156 adult specimens were collected from a single night of trapping on 6 June 2018 using the CDC trap. In addition, seven female individuals were collected in emergence traps that were deployed on dry gravel near the stream margins. On 13 June 2018, one came from an emergence trap on the gravel bar in Bull Creek, and three individuals were taken from three different emergence traps in Peckout Hollow. On 13 July 2018, one C. kipferi adult with an abdominal blood meal was collected in Peckout Hollow, and one adult was collected in a gravel bar emergence trap in Bull Creek. On 26 July 2018, one female was collected in the gravel bar of Bull Creek. The presence of a blood-fed female clearly indicates that she was entering the trap after having fed on a frog elsewhere. No adults were detected in the emergence traps deployed upstream and downstream of the gravel bar where there was perennial flow. Additionally, we ran four emergence traps in a bedrock riffle upstream of the gravel bar reach of Bull Creek and no adult C . kipferi were collected. This may indicate the necessity of interstitial habitat for larval C. kipferi. However, due to low numbers of individuals collected in emergence traps (n = 7) there was no significant difference (P = 0.13, df = 25) in adult capture between the gravel bar and Peckout Hollow ephemeral surface water habitats (mean = 0.538, Standard Error (SE) = 0.235, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.053–1.023) and the perennial Bull Creek habitats (mean = 0.00, SE = 0.235, 95% CI −0.485–0.485). Considering that adult males generally emerge, on average, earlier than adult females in most Culicomorpha, it seems likely that the presently unknown males of C . kipferi emerge earlier than the beginning of June and were missed in this study due to incomplete sampling. Sampling of larvae suggests further possibilities. Table 1 gives the dates of collection of the various instars of larvae. In other Culicomorpha, first instars are of short duration and soon morph to second instars; these too moult rapidly to third instars which are of longer duration. In the majority of Culicomorpha in temperate regions, it is the last instar that overwinters (Culicidae are an exception, with most overwintering as eggs). If males and females are mating earlier in the season, our tentative data suggests that females lay eggs in April or May (as evidenced by the single second instar recorded here) and are longer lived and still laying eggs late in the season in August (with more numerous first and second instars in August and September). If true, the females are likely multiparous and perhaps take blood meals between gonotrophic cycles, making them more likely candidates as vectors of Trypanosoma to anurans. Obviously, further research is required to understand the life cycle of this species more fully. All C. kipferi larvae were collected with hyporheic wells. The streambed consisted of mostly gravel and cobble (median grain particle size = 32 mm; 90% CI 16–64) in both habitats. The flow in Bull Creek is perennial while the flow in Peckout Hollow is intermittent, but both channels flood following high-intensity rainfall events. One effect of the floods is the maintenance of a thick layer of well-mixed gravel (up to 8 m deep in some spaces) that increases interstitial space and delivery of dissolved oxygen and nutrients to the hyporheic zone. No significant difference (P = 0.65, df = 24) in larval presence was detected between the gravel bar and Peckout Hollow ephemeral surface water habitats (mean = 2.21, SE = 1.02, 95% CI 0.121–4.31) and the perennial Bull Creek habitats (mean = 1.54, SE = 1.05, 95% CI −0.634–3.71). The serrate mandibles of the female adults and their attraction to Dryophytes versicolor calls suggest that they feed on anuran blood in nature. The collection of one female with a blood meal confirms that they feed.There are 11 frog and toad species including D. versicolor known to occur near the type locality, suggesting further possible hosts (Johnson 2000). We attempted to rear fourth-instar larvae collected in October 2018 but were unable to get them to feed on the Caenorhabditis elegans Maupas that were offered. It is possible, given that the specimens were collected prior to spring warm-up, that they were in diapause, when feeding was minimised. One fourth-instar larva collected from Peckout Hollow on 10 May 2018 had four head capsules in its foregut, with at least one of these belonging to a chironomid (probably Orthocladinae), indicating in part the diet of this hyporheic larva. Corethrella kipferi likely uses the hyporheic habitat throughout development as all instar larvae were collected only from the hyporheic zone. The larvae were also detected throughout the year in the hyporheic zone, although collected specimens were all from ephemeral surface water habitats from October through March (Figure 10). It is not entirely clear what types of advantages living in the hyporheic zone offers, but hypotheses include escape from predation or competition or disturbance avoidance (hyporheic refuge hypothesis; Dole-Olivier 2011). Remarks Our assessment of the larval chaetotaxy in Corethrella kipferi focused primarily on thoracic and ventral abdominal setae. Descriptions of shape and assignment of numbers to setae are based largely on comparison with fig. 26C in Belkin and McDonald (1955). A comprehensive survey and reassessment of the chaetotaxy in larval Corethrella overall is badly needed but is not within the scope of the present paper. Variation in measurements of larval head capsules can occur due to several factors; however, taking consistent measurements of this structure in specimens of C. kipferi was particularly difficult due to the variation in how the mouthparts were fixed in preserved specimens. The head capsule width measured less in specimens with the buccal cavity fixed wide open than in those with the mouthparts completely retracted. This measurement can also be significantly influenced by clearing and mounting the specimen,as the lateral portions of the genae become very pliable in cleared specimens, resulting in distortion of the head capsule when placed in Canada balsam. For these reasons, it is important to measure as many ethanol-preserved specimens as possible to account for variation and it is inadvisable to rely only on measurements of slide-mounted specimens. Regardless, our measurements of head capsule length gave discrete differences between the four larval instars. Etymology The specific epithet, kipferi, is proposed in honour of Bob Kipfer of Springfield, Missouri, one of the landowners who allowed the first author access to their property to study invertebrates living beneath the streambed. Bob and Barb Kipfer are enthusiastic volunteers with the Master Naturalists Program of Missouri. The Kipfers also volunteer at the Wolf School, which is operated in partnership with the Springfield Public School System, Wonders of Wildlife and Bass Pro Shops and exposes youths to a variety of experientialbased programmes aimed at promoting conservation. Without the Kipfers’ permission and flexibility regarding some strange floating and even stranger frog-calling traps, we would not have been able to describe this species and its natural history with as much detail as we have. Bob and Barb Kipfer have since deeded their property to Missouri State University to be managed as a remote undergraduate and graduate research site, which will facilitate fresh insights and new discoveries in the future., Published as part of Dorff, Nathan, Borkent, Art, Curler, Gregory & Madriz, R. Isaí, 2022, A new species of hyporheic Corethrella Coquillett from North America (Diptera: Corethrellidae), pp. 1007-1028 in Journal of Natural History 56 (13 - 16) on pages 1012-1022, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2090868, http://zenodo.org/record/7012060, {"references":["Johnson TR. 2000. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Missouri. Second ed. Berkeley: Missouri Department of Conservation; p. 1 - 400.","Dole-Olivier MJ. 2011. The hyporheic refuge hypothesis reconsidered: a review of hydrological aspects. Mar. Freshwater Res. 62: 1281 - 1302. doi: 10.1071 / MF 11084.","Belkin JN, McDonald WA. 1955. A population of Corethrella laneana from Death Valley, with descriptions of all stages and discussion of the Corethrellini (Diptera, Culicidae). Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 54: 82 - 96."]}

Objectives To investigate the cross-sectional and prospective associations between behavior and cognitive problems and malnutrition in long-term care facilities (LTCF). Design Cross-sectional and prospective routine care cohort study. Setting 6874 Residents in Dutch LTCFs (period 2005–2020). Participants Data were obtained from the InterRAI-LTCF instrument. Cross-sectional analyses on prevalence of malnutrition at admission included 3722 residents. Prospective analyses studied incident malnutrition during stay (total follow-up time 7104 years) and included data of 1826 residents with first measurement on admission (‘newly-admitted’) and n=3152 with first measurement on average ∼1 year after admission (‘existing’). Measurements InterRAI scales for communication problems (CS), aggressive behavior (ABS), social engagement (RISE), depressive symptoms (DRS), cognitive performance (CPS) and the total number of behavior and cognitive problems were investigated as independent variables and malnutrition (ESPEN 2015 definition) as dependent variable in regression analyses. Results were stratified for gender and group ‘newly-admitted’ vs. ‘existing’. Results On admission, 9.5% of residents was malnourished. In men, low social engagement was associated with prevalence of malnutrition. In women, all behavior and cognitive problems except depression were associated with malnutrition in the unadjusted analyses, but this attenuated in the full model taking all problems into account. The incidence of malnutrition during stay amounted to 8.9%. No significant associations of behavior and cognitive problems with malnutrition incidence were seen in ‘newly-admitted’ male residents while in ‘existing’ male residents all determinants were significantly associated. In ‘newly-admitted’ female residents CS, ABS and CPS, and in ‘existing’ female residents CS, RISE, ABS and CPS were significantly associated with incident malnutrition. All associations slightly attenuated after adjustment. Malnutrition incidence increased with increasing number of combined behavior and cognitive problems. Conclusion Residents with behavior and cognitive problems are at an increased risk of being malnourished at admission, or becoming malnourished during stay in a LTCF, especially residents with multiple behavior and cognitive problems.

auakua Huerta and Spinelli, 2021: 556. Mexico (Hidalgo).

pallidipes Nie and Yu in Nie et al. 2021: 330. China (Hebei) [on ship from Malaysia]., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Nie, C. - H., Qian, Y. - K., Nie, W. - Z., Yu, Y. - X. & He, J. (2021) A new species of genus Leptoconops (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected on an entry ship at Qinhuangdao port. Chinese Frontier Health Quarantine, 44 (5), 330 - 331. [in Chinese, English summary]"]}

Subgenus ISOHELEA Kieffer singularis (Santos Abreu, 1918): 317 (Ceratolophus). Canary Islands (Spain). obscurus (Santos Abreu, 1918): 323 (Ceratolophus, as variety of rufigastris Santos Abreu). Canary Islands (Spain). rufigastris (Santos Abreu, 1918): 321 (Ceratolophus). Canary Islands (Spain). surma Dominiak, Szadziewski and Salmela, 2020: 236. Finland., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Santos Abreu, E. (1918) Ensayo de una Monograf a de los Tendipedidos de las Islas Canarias. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona 14 (2), 159 - 326, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8537","Dominiak, P., Szadziewski, R. & Salmela, J. (2020) Descriptions of Brachypogon surma sp. n. from Finland and B. singularis (Santos Abreu, 1918) from the Canary Islands (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 67, 235 - 245."]}

Subgenus FORCIPOMYIA Meigen neomaculosa Borkent, Dominiak and Díaz, in this work. New name for Forcipomyia maculosa Yu, Wang and Yu. maculosa Yu, Wang and Yu, in Yu et al. 2015c: 499 (preoccupied by Forcipomyia maculosa Ingram and Macfie, 1931a). China (Yunnan). pyrenaica Szadziewski, Dominiak and Withers, 2020: 113. France. rasnitsyni Szadziewski, Sontag and Pankowski, 2021: 441. Ethiopia. Miocene. szadziewskii Navai, 2021: 241. Afghanistan., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Yu, J., Wang, F. - P., Shi, Q. - M., Chen, M. - M., Yu, Y. - X., Zhang, F. - Q. & Fan, Q. - S. (2015 c) A new species and a new record of midges from Anning, Yunnan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 26, 498 - 499. [in Chinese, English summary]","Ingram, A. & Macfie, J. W. S. (1931 a) Ceratopogonidae. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, Part II, Fasc. 4, 155 - 232.","Szadziewski, R., Dominiak, P. & Withers, P. (2020) Two new species of biting midges from France and Algeria (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annales Zoologici, 70 (1), 113 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2020.70.1.006","Szadziewski, R., Sontag, E. & Pankowski, M. V. (2021) A new biting midge of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 from Miocene Ethiopian amber (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Palaeoentomology, 4 (5), 441 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 4.5.9","Navai, S. (2021) Biting midges of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Afghanistan, with description of a new species. Polish Journal of Entomology, 90, 236 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.5604 / 01.3001.0015.6647"]}

Genus DASYHELEA Kieffer aliciae Grogan, Díaz, Spinelli and Ronderos, 2019: 308. Netherlands (Curaçao). aprojecta Brahma, Chatterjee and Hazra, 2020: 69. India. bulbosa Brahma, Chatterjee and Hazra, 2020: 69. India. curacaoensis Grogan, Díaz, Spinelli and Ronderos, 2019: 317. Netherlands (Curaçao). cyrstostyla Grogan, Díaz, Spinelli and Ronderos, 2019: 314. Netherlands (Curaçao). jinshajangensis Chen, Qian and Yu, in Han et al. 2020: 463. China (Sichuan). latiala Grogan, Díaz, Spinelli and Ronderos, 2019: 311. Netherlands (Curaçao). multiforamina Brahma, Chatterjee and Hazra, 2020: 56. India. patiae Szadziewski and Gwizdalska-Kentzer, 2020: 595. United Arab Emirates. recurva Grogan, Díaz, Spinelli and Ronderos, 2019: 310. Netherlands (Curaçao). rhopaloparamera Grogan, Díaz, Spinelli and Ronderos, 2019: 319. Netherlands (Curaçao)., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Grogan, W. L., Diaz, F, Spinelli, G. R. & Ronderos, M. M. (2019) The biting midges of the Caribbean island Curacao (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). I. Species in the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer. Zootaxa, 4700 (3), 301 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4700.3.1","Chatterjee, S., Brahma, S. & Hazra, N. (2020) Two new species of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Gangetic Plains of West Bengal, India with a key to the Indian species. Oriental Insects, 55, 1 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2020.1775718","Han, S. - K., Bian, S. - Y., Wang, S. - L, Chen, J. - P. Liu, Y., Wang, P. - Z., Deng, Y., Qian, W. - P. & Yu, Y. - X. (2020) A new species and a new record of midges in Sichuan province, China (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Chinese Journal of Vector Biology & Control, 31 (4), 462 - 464. [in Chinese, English summary] https: // doi. org / 10.11853 / j. issn. 1003.8280.2020.04.017","Szadziewski, R. & Gwizdalska-Kentzer, M. (2020) New records of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the United Arab Emirates, with a description of a new species. Zootaxa, 4894 (4), 594 - 597. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4894.4.6"]}

Genus PARYPHOCONUS Enderlein inesae Díaz, Spinelli and Ronderos, 2021: 85. Brazil (Amazonas). Summary In this article we record 70 extant and 7 fossil species and 2 new fossil genera described since Borkent & Dominiak (2020). In addition to the summary provided in that publication, the family now includes 6276 extant and 303 fossil species and 23 fossil genera. The number of species names that are nomina dubia is now 181., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Spinelli, G. R., Ronderos, M. M. & Diaz, F. (2021) Two new species and new records of Neotropical Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4915 (3), 401 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4915.3.8","Borkent, A. & Dominiak, P. (2020) Catalog of the biting midges of the world (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4787 (1), 1 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4787.1.1"]}

Genus ATRICHOPOGON Kieffer janseni Pessoa and Farias, in Farias et al. 2021: 227. Brazil (Amazonas). riopardensis Farias, Pessoa and Paulino-Rosa, in Farias et al. 2021: 280. Brazil (Amazonas). ruijinensis Liu, Yu and Chen, 2021a: 463. China (Jiangxi). sergioluzi Farias, Santos and Pessoa, in Farias et al. 2021: 284. Brazil (Amazonas)., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Farias, E. S., Silva dos Santos, S., Paulino-Rosa Dos Santos, J. & Costa Pessoa, F. A. (2021) Description of three new species of biting midge of the genus Atrichopogon Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Brazilian Amazon. Zootaxa, 4952 (2), 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4952.2.4","Liu, Y. - Q., Yu, Y. - X. & Chen, H. - Y. (2021 a) A collection directory and one new species of the genus Atrichopogon (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Jiangxi province, China. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 32, 461 - 463 + 474. [in Chinese, English summary]"]}

Genus MEUNIEROHELEA Szadziewski anglesensis Peñalver, Arillo Aranda, Szadziewski and Stilwell, 2021: 2. Australia (Victoria). Eocene. fundalai Szadziewski, Sontag and Bojarski, 2020: 286. Dominican Republic. Miocene., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Penalver, E., Arillo Aranda, A., Szadziewski, R. & Stilwell, J. D. (2021) Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the middle Eocene Anglesea amber (Australia) originated in a subpolar greenhouse earth. Historical Biology, 34 (3), 425 - 435. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2021.1924700","Szadziewski, R., Sontag, E. & Bojarski, B. (2020) First record of the relict Australian genus Meunierohelea Miocene Dominican Amber (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annales Zoologici, 70 (2), 285 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2020.70.2.008"]}

parvus Yu and Wang, 2021: 262. China (Hainan)., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Yu, Y. - X. & Wang, C. - C. (2021) Description of two new species of the genus Forcipomyia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides & Equipment, 27, 261 - 262. [in Chinese, English summary]"]}

Genus DOWNESHELEA Wirth and Grogan alia Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 12. Costa Rica. avizi Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 15. Brazil (Pará). bahiana Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 17. Brazil (Bahia). bifida Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 21. Colombia. capra Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 23. Costa Rica. curta Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 41. Costa Rica. divergentis Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 46. Brazil (Amazonas). gladius Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 51. Costa Rica. jurgeni Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 55. Costa Rica. kuna Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 59. Colombia. magna Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 61. Costa Rica. pulla Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 67. Belize. quechua Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 70. Bolivia. rodriguezi Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 71. Bolivia. spatha Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 75. Costa Rica. tripunctata Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 80. Costa Rica. venus Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 81. Brazil (Amazonas). wirthiana Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 84. Bolivia., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Santarem, M. C. A., Borkent, A. & Felippe-Bauer, M. L. (2020) Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Downeshelea Wirth and Grogan predaceous midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Insects, 11 (9), 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 11010009"]}

Genus MONOHELEA Kieffer morinjiensis Kanasugi, 2019: 75. Japan. ozeana Kanasugi, 2019: 78. Japan. mediterranea Szadziewski, Dominiak and Withers, 2020: 118. Algeria., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Kanasugi, T. (2019) Discovery of predaceous midge of the genus Monohelea Kieffer, 1917 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Japan, with descriptions two new species. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 25 (1), 75 - 79.","Szadziewski, R., Dominiak, P. & Withers, P. (2020) Two new species of biting midges from France and Algeria (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annales Zoologici, 70 (1), 113 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2020.70.1.006"]}

carbonelli Spinelli, in Spinelli et al. 2021: 402. Uruguay., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Spinelli, G. R., Ronderos, M. M. & Diaz, F. (2021) Two new species and new records of Neotropical Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4915 (3), 401 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4915.3.8"]}

riouxi Callot and Kremer, 1961a: 679. France., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Callot, J. & Kremer, M. (1961 a) Culicoides riouxi et Culicoides pseudoheliophilus, especes nouvelles du groupe des Culicoides a ailes sans taches (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 36, 677 - 688. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1961364677"]}

nexuosa Pielowska-Ceranowska, in Pielowska-Ceranowska et al. 2021: 3. Lebanon. Lower Cretaceous., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Pielowska-Ceranowska, A., Azar, D. & Szwedo, J. (2021) New fossil biting midge from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Cretaceous Research, 129, 105004, 1 - 9. [2022] https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2021.105004"]}

grumula Yu and Wang, 2021: 261. China (Hainan)., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Yu, Y. - X. & Wang, C. - C. (2021) Description of two new species of the genus Forcipomyia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides & Equipment, 27, 261 - 262. [in Chinese, English summary]"]}

Genus BURMAHELEA Szadziewski and Sontag Burmahelea Szadziewski and Sontag, in Szadziewski et al.2019b: 659. Type species: Burmahelea neli Szadziewski and Sontag, by original designation. neli Szadziewski and Sontag, in Szadziewski et al. 2019b: 659. Myanmar. Lower Cretaceous., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Szadziewski, R., Sontag, E., Krzeminski, W. & Szwedo, J. (2019 b) Two new genera of insectivorous biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Palaeoentomology, 002 (6), 657 - 664. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 2.6.17"]}

Thienemanniella Kieffer, 1911 [for details see Ashe (1983)] Changania Tseng, 1965: 147, syn. nov. Type species (by monotypy): Changania choui Tseng, 1965. Thienemanniella choui (Tseng, 1965), comb. nov., nomen dubium. Changania choui Tseng, 1965: 147, fig. 46. Type material: Holotype female, on slide labelled ‘Cec. 028’, ex coll. I. Chou. – Although Tseng’s (1965) text on the species does not include a term such as holotype, he did mention seeing one specimen only. His very detailed instructions on methods to study such midges (op. cit.: 137-139) may suggest that he had made the holotype slide himself, but he did not state so explicitly. Type locality: CHINA, Shaanxi Province, Chang’an County (now Chang’an District, Xi’an City)., Published as part of Spies, Martin, Borkent, Art, Cranston, Peter S., Lin, Xiao-Long & Tang, Hong-Qu, 2022, A Home At Last! Changania Choui Tseng, 1965 Belongs To Thienemanniella Kieffer, 1911 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), pp. 4-11 in CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 35 on page 8, DOI: 10.5324/cjcr.v0i35.4596, http://zenodo.org/record/7998049, {"references":["Ashe, P. 1983. A catalogue of chironomid genera and subgenera of the world including synonyms (Diptera: Chironomidae). - Entomologica scandinavica Supplement 17: 1 - 68.","Tseng, S. [U 省] 1965. 小ER浆ffl [Wheat sap-sucking insects]. Agricultural Press [Beijing], [2] + 2 + 188 + [2] p. [published in February 1965; in Chinese]"]}