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We discuss an optimal control problem governed by a quasilinear parabolic PDE including mixed boundary conditions and Neumann boundary control, as well as distributed control. Second order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are derived. The latter leads to a quadratic growth condition without two-norm discrepancy. Furthermore, maximal parabolic regularity of the state equation in Bessel-potential spaces \begin{document} $H_D^{-\zeta,p}$ \end{document} with uniform bound on the norm of the solution operator is proved and used to derive stability results with respect to perturbations of the nonlinear differential operator.

Patients with removable partial denture need abutment tooth as retainer for the clasp. In some cases, this tooth requires endodontic treatment or even jacket crown so it can be used as a clasp retainer. For patient with removable partial denture, post core and crown fabrication in abutment teeth require adjustments to the crown to fit with denture clasp. First case, a 23-year-old male patient with fractured lower second premolar tooth because of previous metal restoration failure and had been treated with root canal treatment. The tooth was used as an abutment for removable partial denture that was still in good condition. The tooth was later treated with cast post and core with PFM (Porcelain fused to metal) crown. Second case, a 60-year-old female patient came to the clinic with a complaint of fracture in upper first premolar. This tooth was also used as abutment for maxillary framework partial denture. A template made of pattern resin was made to reproduce the dentures for both cases. Acrylic resin has good accuracy and stability to reproduce parts of the denture. The advantage of this technique is that patients can use their denture during fabrication of the crown.

Ferroresonance is a phenomenon that occurs in the transformer core, and is characterized by the presence of abnormal voltages. An electrical circuit that can cause ferroresonance has elements of resistance (R), capacitance (C), and non-linear inductance (L). In this research, the phenomenon of a surge in the value of the transformer current and voltage, which has changed drastically (jump phenomenon) after being triggered by an increase in the source voltage of about 1%, has been found out. The emergence of this jump phenomenon can trigger the emergence of ferroresonance. This will cause the transformer not to work normally in its linear region but in non-linear (saturation) regions. The test has been carried out on a 220 V 3-phase low-voltage transformer with H-core type and M-core type. Then the initiation factors such as source voltage variation and capacitance variation have been given to the system. Trends in the waveforms of voltage, current, voltage at source, transformer capacitor have been analyzed. The test results have showed that the given initiation factor can explain the correlation between the jump phenomenon characteristics and the presence of ferroresonance in the H-core and M-core transformers. When ferroresonance has appeared, the voltage value has been relatively high in the H-core type transformer. The largest value of voltage and current of the transformer occurs at 30 uF in S-phase with a transformer voltage value of 265.8 V and a current value of 5.7 A. Whereas, the ferroresonance mode in H-core and M-core is the fundamental ferroresonance mode.

This paper aims to discuss and summarise research that has been conducted to provide an understanding of the development of spatial patterns of houses, housing, and the city master plan in Indonesia through the space syntax approach. The development of the house and the city essentially follows a basic pattern. This study provides an overview and understanding of the method of development of patterns by a study of deviations and ratios from an earlier pattern. Various approaches are taken to find the development of these structured patterns, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Data is collected using city master plans that are digitalised and analysed using Depth Map software. This study is a comprehensive study that has been carried out that supports sustainable urban forms. The study was conducted on Javanese houses, HBEs settlements, kampongs and three colonial cities in Indonesia. It found an understanding of the development of patterns, deviations, and similarities with previous spatial patterns. The results of this study are expected to guide housing designers, housing developers, urban planners and urban development policymakers to achieve a sustainable urban form.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes serious complications to immune compromised hosts. Dendritic cells (iDCgB) expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-alpha and HCMV-gB were developed to promote de novo antiviral adaptive responses. Mice reconstituted with a human immune system (HIS) were immunized with iDCgB and challenged with HCMV, resulting into 93% protection. Immunization stimulated the expansion of functional effector memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cells recognizing gB. Machine learning analyses confirmed bone marrow T/CD4+, liver B/IgA+ and spleen B/IgG+ cells as predictive biomarkers of immunization (≈87% accuracy). CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses against gB were validated. Splenic gB-binding IgM-/IgG+ B cells were sorted and analyzed at a single cell level. iDCgB immunizations elicited human-like IgG responses with a broad usage of various IgG heavy chain V gene segments harboring variable levels of somatic hypermutation. From this search, two gB-binding human monoclonal IgGs were generated that neutralized HCMV infection in vitro. Passive immunization with these antibodies provided proof-of-concept evidence of protection against HCMV infection. This HIS/HCMV in vivo model system supported the validation of novel active and passive immune therapies for future clinical translation., Author summary Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen. As long as the immune system is functional, T and B cells can control HCMV. Yet, for patients who have debilitated immune functions, HCMV infections and reactivations cause major complications. Vaccines or antibodies to prevent or treat HCMV are not yet approved. Novel animal models for testing new immunization approaches are emerging and are important tools to identify biomedical products with a reasonable chance to work in patients. Here, we used a model based on mice transplanted with human immune cells and infected with a traceable HCMV. We tested a cell vaccine (iDCgB) carrying gB, a potent HCMV antigen. The model showed that iDCgB halted the HCMV infection in more than 90% of the mice. We found that antibodies were key players mediating protection. Using state-of-the-art methods, we were able to use the sequences of the human antibodies generated in the mice to construct and produce monoclonal antibodies in the laboratory. Proof-of-concept experiments indicated that administration of these monoclonal antibodies into mice protected them against HCMV infection. In summary, this humanized mouse model was useful to test a vaccine and to generate and test novel antibodies that can be further developed for human use.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008560.].

This thesis is concerned with the analysis of finite element discretizations for time-optimal control problems subject to linear parabolic partial differential equations and constraints for the state evaluated at the free end time. Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are provided for the regular case and the case of bang-bang controls. A priori discretization error estimates are proved for different control discretization strategies. Efficient algorithms for the numerical solution are discussed. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Analyse finiter Elemente Diskretisierungen zeitoptimaler Steuerungsprobleme mit linearer, parabolischer, partieller Differentialgleichung und Zustandsrestriktionen am freien Endzeitpunkt. Notwendige und hinreichende Optimalitätsbedingungen werden für den regulären und den bang-bang Fall untersucht. A priori Fehlerabschätzungen für verschiedene Diskretisierungen der Kontrolle werden bewiesen. Effiziente Algorithmen für die numerische Lösung werden diskutiert.

PV merujuk pada pembangkitan energi listrik yang tidak berpolusi namun percepatan penggunaannya tidak secepat yang diharapkan. Paper ini adalah hasil simulasi yang bertujuan untuk membandingkan sejumlah faktor, keuntungan dan kerugian dari 3 macam sumber energi listrik untuk gedung (rumah tinggal sebagai contoh) pada dua lokasi yang berbeda (lokasi tersedia grid PLN dan lokasi tidak tersedia). Pembangkit listrik surya (PV) yang pengadaannya masih relatif mahal, perlu diberi solusi dengan pinjaman perbankan dengan skema ritel atau KPR. Angsuran setiap bulannya dianggap sebagai pengeluaran biaya operasional. Simulasi menghasilkan angka-angka yang menunjukkan bahwa biaya yang dikeluarkan per bulan (angsuran) untuk pembangkit listrik surya (PV) masih lebih mahal (Rp1.274.679,-) dari tagihan bulanan listrik PLN (Rp. 904.368,-), namun masih jauh lebih murah daripada menggunakan genset (Rp. 16.524.000,-). Penggunaan genset juga menimbulkan polusi udara dan suara. Pembayaran angsuran berhenti setelah 15 tahun dan untuk selanjutnya secara teoritik tidak ada pengeluaran. Disamping itu pembangkit listrik surya tidak berpolusi sehingga lebih ramah lingkungan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/mj.v19i2.3222 PV merujuk pada pembangkitan energi listrik yang tidak berpolusi namun percepatan penggunaannya tidak secepat yang diharapkan. Paper ini adalah hasil simulasi yang bertujuan untuk membandingkan sejumlah faktor, keuntungan dan kerugian dari 3 macam sumber energi listrik untuk gedung (rumah tinggal sebagai contoh) pada dua lokasi yang berbeda (lokasi tersedia grid PLN dan lokasi tidak tersedia). Pembangkit listrik surya (PV) yang pengadaannya masih relatif mahal, perlu diberi solusi dengan pinjaman perbankan dengan skema ritel atau KPR. Angsuran setiap bulannya dianggap sebagai pengeluaran biaya operasional. Simulasi menghasilkan angka-angka yang menunjukkan bahwa biaya yang dikeluarkan per bulan (angsuran) untuk pembangkit listrik surya (PV) masih lebih mahal (Rp1.274.679,-) dari tagihan bulanan listrik PLN (Rp. 904.368,-), namun masih jauh lebih murah daripada menggunakan genset (Rp. 16.524.000,-). Penggunaan genset juga menimbulkan polusi udara dan suara. Pembayaran angsuran berhenti setelah 15 tahun dan untuk selanjutnya secara teoritik tidak ada pengeluaran. Disamping itu pembangkit listrik surya tidak berpolusi sehingga lebih ramah lingkungan. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE

The equivalence of time-optimal and distance-optimal control problems is shown for a class of parabolic control systems. Based on this equivalence, an approach for the efficient algorithmic solution of time-optimal control problems is investigated. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate that the approach works well in practice.

Space-time finite element discretizations of time-optimal control problems governed by linear parabolic PDEs and subject to pointwise control constraints are considered. Optimal a priori error estimates are obtained for the control variable based on a second order sufficient optimality condition.

Pendahuluan: Pasien tidak bergigi lengkap yang sudah terlalu lama, umumnya mengalami perubahan anatomi dalam rongga mulut seiring bertambahnya usia, termasuk perubahan pada relasi maksilomandibula, sehingga keadaan ini akan menambah tingkat kesulitan dalam perawatan. American College of Prosthodontic telah mengembangkan suatu sistem klasifikasi untuk membantu dalam menyusun rencana perawatan gigi tiruan lengkap yang terdiri dari beberapa kriteria diagnostik utama salah satunya adalah relasi maksilomandibula. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi klasifikasi relasi maksilomandibula pada rahang tidak bergigi lengkap pada pasien di Klinik Prostodonsia RSGM FKG Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad). Metode: Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik survei. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian didapat dari 20 artikulator yang sudah dipasang model kerja rahang tidak bergigi lengkap atas dan bawah. Relasi maksilomandibula didapat dari pemeriksaan artikulator gigi tiruan lengkap secara langsung yang sedang dikerjakan oleh ko-ass atau residen. Hasil: Klasifikasi relasi maksilomandibula kelas I ditemukan sebanyak 12 responden (60%), kelas II sebanyak 2 responden (10%), dan kelas III sebanyak 6 responden (30%). Simpulan: Klasifikasi relasi maksilomandibula kelas I sebanyak 12 responden (60%) merupakan relasi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada pasien rahang tidak bergigi lengkap di RSGM FKG Unpad. Kata kunci: Rahang tidak bergigi lengkap, klasifikasi relasi maksilomandibula ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients with long period edentulous jaw, generally experience anatomic changes in the oral cavity as we get older, including changes in the maxillomandibular relation, so this condition will increase the level of difficulty in treatment. The American College of Prosthodontic has developed a classification system to assist in developing a complete denture treatment plan consisting of several main diagnostic criteria, one of which is maxillomandibular relations. The aim of the study was to identify the classification of maxillomandibular relations in edentulous patients at the RSGM FKG Prosthodontics Clinic, Padjadjaran University (Unpad). Methods: This type of research is a descriptive study with survey techniques. Sampling using purposive sampling technique. The research sample was obtained from 20 articulators that had been installed with a complete upper and lower toothless jaw working model. Maxillomandibular relation was obtained from direct complete denture articulator examination that was being done by co-ass or resident. Result: Classification of class I maxillomandibular relations was found as many as 12 respondents (60%), class II as many as 2 respondents (10%), and class III as many as 6 respondents (30%). Conclusion: Classification of class I maxillomandibular relationships as many as 12 respondents (60%) is the most common relation in incomplete toothless jaw patients at FKG Unpad RSGM. Keywords: Edentulous jaw, maxillomandibular relation classification

Adaptive immunity critically contributes to control acute infection with enteropathogenic Yersinia pseudotuberculosis; however, the role of CD4+ T cell subsets in establishing infection and allowing pathogen persistence remains elusive. Here, we assessed the modulatory capacity of Y. pseudotuberculosis on CD4+ T cell differentiation. Using in vivo assays, we report that infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis resulted in enhanced priming of IL-17-producing T cells (Th17 cells), whereas induction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) was severely disrupted in gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs), in line with altered frequencies of tolerogenic and proinflammatory dendritic cell (DC) subsets within mLNs. Additionally, by using a DC-free in vitro system, we could demonstrate that Y. pseudotuberculosis can directly modulate T cell receptor (TCR) downstream signaling within naïve CD4+ T cells and Tregs via injection of effector molecules through the type III secretion system, thereby affecting their functional properties. Importantly, modulation of naïve CD4+ T cells by Y. pseudotuberculosis resulted in an enhanced Th17 differentiation and decreased induction of Foxp3+ Tregs in vitro. These findings shed light to the adjustment of the Th17-Treg axis in response to acute Y. pseudotuberculosis infection and highlight the direct modulation of CD4+ T cell subsets by altering their TCR downstream signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00018-017-2516-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The concept of sustainable development is often studied and implemented by cities in the world today. Cities in Indonesia also implement sustainability to realize a sustainable city, in this case in particular colonial cities in Indonesia. Then a study is needed to determine the pattern of colonial cities in Indonesia. In this study the urban pattern was investigated using the Syntax Space approach. The object of research is cities in Indonesia that have been planned by the Dutch colonial. This study was using the Depth Calculation (DC) method to get the similarity ratio. The master plan used in this study is two cities in the Netherlands (Amsterdam and Delft) and three cities in Indonesia (Bandung, Semarang, and Malang). The old city maps calculated its depth and then analysed, the software used was DepthMapX. The results showed that there were similarities between DC in the colonial city master plan of Indonesia planned by Herman Thomas Karsten and the two cities in the Netherlands. The resulting ratio is expected to show how much the difference between the colonial city pattern in Indonesia (CCPI) and cities in the Netherlands. This research is expected to contribute to a better understanding of urban planning in Indonesia in accordance with the Sustainable Urban Form.

Sufficient conditions for strong stability of a class of linear time-optimal control problems with general convex terminal set are derived. Strong stability in turn guarantees qualified optimality conditions. The theory is based on a characterization of weak invariance of the target set under the controlled equation. An appropriate strengthening of the resulting Hamiltonian condition ensures strong stability and yieldsa prioribounds on the size of multipliers, independent of,e.g., the initial point or the running cost. In particular, the results are applied to the control of the heat equation into anL2-ball around a desired state.