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Tribe Gastronyssini Fain, 1959 Fain 1959a: 4, 1964b: 47, 1972: 71; Fain et al. 1974: 173. Type genus: Gastronyssus Fain, 1955. Diagnosis. ADULTS. Gnathosoma in ventral position, setae subc present, setae elc.p. absent. Gnathosoma ventral, without projections, fused with propodonotal shield forming camerostome. Propodonotal shield with rounded perforate fields in median part. Idiosoma vermiform, 5–6 times longer than wide. Idiosomal dorsum and opisthosomal venter lacking striations. Anterior apices of apodemes I joined with lateral arms of camerostome; sternal apex and distal ends of anterior and posterior apodemes of coxal fields II fused together in median part of propodosoma forming closed coxal fields I–II; apodemes III fused to each other; apodemes IV free. Median transverse sclerite absent. Median sclerotization of idiosomal venter absent. Coxal fields I without membranous posterior projections. Folds posterior to coxal fields II absent. Coxal fields III–IV slightly sclerotized. Anus situated ventrally. Tarsi 4–7 times shorter than respective tibiae and lacking pretarsi. Trochanters III–IV without ventral folds. Ventral spurs present or absent on genua III–IV. Idiosomal setation (see Table 1): setae c3, h1, and f2 absent; 4a, 4b, g, and ps3 absent in female; se, 1a, 3a, h2 all filiform, h2 as short as other filiform setae; si, c2, 4a, 4b, g, h3, ps2, ps3 all alveoli. Leg setation (see Tables 2–3): setae la I–II, s I– IV, e III–IV, k TIV, and solenidia ω1I–II, ϕIV, and ω 3 I in males absent; Setae d I–IV, cG I–II, mG I–II, vF I–II all filiform, setae d I–IV short; f I–IV, e I–II, r I–IV, w I–IV, g TI–II, k TIII all spur-like. Solenidion ϕIII strongly reduced, represented by small tubercle. FEMALE. Bursa copulatrix opening terminal. Epigynum fused with distal ends of apodemes III. Median fold without sclerites. MALE. Pregenital apodeme fused with distal ends of apodemes III. Postgenital shield absent. Setae g situated on apex of aedeagal cone. Adanal shields absent. JUVENILE STAGES. Larva bearing same idiosomal and leg I–III setae as female. In protonymph setae d IV, w IV, and r IV added on legs IV. In tritonymph setae f IV added on legs IV. Genera included: type genus only., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1959 a) La famille Gastronyssidae Fain, 1956. Description de deux nouvelles especes chez des chauves-souris asiatiques (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 35, 1 - 22.","Fain, A. (1964 b) Chaetotaxie et classification des Gastronyssidae avec description d'un nouveau genre parasite nasicole d'un ecureuil sudafricain (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines, 70, 40 - 52.","Fain, A., Lukoschus, F. S. & Rack, G. (1974) Notes on parasitic mites from some small mammals in Liberia. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut, 71, 165 - 174.","Fain, A. (1955) Un acarien remarquable vivant dans l'estomac d'une chauve-souris: Gastronyssus bakeri n. g., n. sp. Annales de la Societe Belge de Medicine Tropicale, 35, 681 - 688."]}

2. Pseudoopsonyssus zumpti (Fain, 1959) comb. nov. (Fig. 40) Opsonyssus zumpti Fain 1959a: 10, figs. 9, 12, 1959d: 20, fig. 1, 1967: 30, figs. 18–19. Redescription. FEMALE (1 paratype). Body, including gnathosoma, 310 long, 135 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum 25 long, slightly curved. Propodonotal shield length 60, maximum width 55. Setae se 27 long. Idiosomal dorsum covered medially by scale-like pattern and laterally by fine irregular striation. Setal lengths: c3, 4b, g, and 4a about 4, ps3 7, h3 13. Setae h2 250 long. Sternum 35 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I weakly developed, widely rounded, 5 long, 8 wide. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II short, about 5 long, with free distal ends. Apodemes of coxal fields III fused to each other medially and with epigynum. Epigynum 4 long, 23 wide. Inseminatory canal about 30 long. Coxal apodemes IV bifurcated distally, their anterior branches fused with apodemes III, their posterior branches fused with sclerotized areas of oviporus by narrow sclerotized bands. Setae g situated off branches of apodemes IV. Paired sclerotized areas bearing setae h3 present. Setae vF I–II about 35 long. Trochanters III–IV ventrally with short, widely rounded protrusions. MALE (1 specimen from R. affinis): Body, including gnathosoma, 280 long, 140 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum 30 long, slightly curved, situated laterally. Propodonotal shield 45 long, maximum width 60. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield slightly concave. Setae se 18 long. Idiosoma covered dorsally with scale-like pattern. All setae, excluding ps2, present; setae f2 represent by alveoli. Setae c3, 4b, g, 4a, ps3 about 4 long, h3 8 long, all setae represented by short spines. Setae h2 185 long. Coxal fields I–III sclerotized. Sternum 45 long. Lateral projections of sternal branches absent. Posterior projections of coxal fields I widely rounded, about 4 long, 16 wide. Foramen between sternum and fusion of apodemes II absent. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II short, about 8 long, with free distal ends. Apodemes of coxal fields III fused to each other and with pregenital sclerite. Setae 4b situated off coxal apodemes IV. Aedeagus 40 long, smooth. Apodemes IV curved anteriorly and fused with apodemes II bordering coxal fields III. Adanal shields present, separated, bearing setae h3 and ps3. Setae vF I–II about 30 long. Trochanters III–IV ventrally with short, widely rounded protrusions. TRITONYMPH. Unknown. Type material examined. One female paratype (IRSNB) from Rhinolophus capensis Lichtenstein (Rhinolophidae), SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape Prov., Table Mountain, Wynberg cave, 33°58'S, 18°25'E, 15 September 1957, coll. F. Zumpt. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in the South African Institute for Medical Research, Johannesburg, South Africa. Non-type material examined. One female and 1 male (IRSNB) from Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield (Rhinolophidae), MYANMAR:?Taho, Karen Hillls, 1906, coll. unknown. Host range and distribution. This species is known from bats of the genus Rhinolophus, R. capensis (type host) from South Africa (Fain 1959d) and R. affinis from Myanmar (Fain 1959a). Zabludovskaya (2005) recorded this species from Ukraine from Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber), Myotis daubentoni (Kuhl), M. myotis (Borkhausen), and M. nattereri (Kuhl). Mites from R. ferrumequinum probably belong to Pseudoopsonyssus striatus (Fain, 1967) comb. nov. whereas records of this species from Myotis spp. are results of misidentification. Remarks. The intended original description of P. zumpti (Fain 1959d) was published after the taxonomic revision of the genus Opsonyssus in which this species was included (Fain 1959a). The latter paper contains a differential diagnosis and a figure of the holotype so should be considered as the original description of O. zumpti., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 84-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1959 a) La famille Gastronyssidae Fain, 1956. Description de deux nouvelles especes chez des chauves-souris asiatiques (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 35, 1 - 22.","Fain, A. (1959 d) Further notes on nasal mites from South Africa, with description of a new genus and five new species. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 22, 18 - 34.","Zabludovskaya, S. A. (2005) Mites from respiratory ways of small mammals in Ukraine. Vestnik zoologii, Suppl. 19, 145 - 150. [in Russian]"]}

12. Rodhainyssus saccopteryx Bochkov et OConnor sp. nov. (Fig. 29) Description. FEMALE (holotype). Body, including gnathosoma, 305 long, 115 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum distinctly developed, sword-like, 15 long, 5 wide. Propodonotal shield length 50, maximum width 45. Dorsal and ventral surface of hysterosoma striated with interrupted lines. Setae si present, c2 and f2 absent. Distance se���se 65. Punctate areas between setae h2 and h3 present. Sternum 30 long, its apex joining but not completely connected with apodemes II. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly developed, 11 long, 22 wide. Distal ends of apodemes II fused to each other and forming short posterior projection, 12 long. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II short, not fused with epigynum. Apodemes III consisting of 2 parts, their distal parts completely fused with epigynum. Setae 4b situated posterior to epigynum. Apodemes IV connected with sclerotized fields of oviporus by narrow and weakly sclerotized interrupted bands. Inseminatory canal 18 long, opening terminal. Legs III���IV subequal in length, about 115 long. Trochanters I���II without folds; trochanters III���IV with distinct transverse crests ventrally. Setal lengths: se 9, h2 135, 1a 7, 3a 13, vF I��� II about 25, cG I���II about 7, mG I���II about 22, d I���IV about 12. MALE (paratype). Body, including gnathosoma, 245 long, 115 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum sword-like, 13 long, 4 wide. Propodonotal shield 45 long, 45 wide. Dorsal and ventral surface of hysterosoma striated by interrupted lines. Setae si present, c2, ps2 and f2 absent. Distance se���se 60. Sternum 33 long, its apex jointing but not connected with apodemes II. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly widened, 10 long, 20 wide. Distal ends of apodemes II not connected with posterior apodemes of coxal fields II. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II not fused to each other or with pregenital apodeme. Apodemes III fused to each other. Pregenital apodeme arch-like, 3 long, 27 wide. Setae 4b situated on pregenital apodeme. Aedeagus 45 long. Legs III���IV subequal in length, about 105 long. Small arch-like opisthogastric plate bearing setae h3 and ps3 present. Trochanters I���II without ventral folds; trochanters III���IV with distinct transverse crests ventrally. Setal lengths: se 10, h2 110, 1a 8, 3a 12, vF I���II about 15, cG I���II about 5, mG I���II about 12, d I���II about 9, d III���IV about 6. Type material examined. Female holotype (BMOC 02-0918 - 089, 1) and male paratype (BMOC 02- 0918 - 089, 2) from Saccopteryx bilineata (Temminck) (Emballonuridae) (FMNH 177490), PERU: Madre de Dios, Manu, Maskoitania, 13.4 km NNW Atalaya, 12��46'18"S, 71��23'08"W, 480 m, 26 September 2001, coll. E. Suazo (ESG 063). Type deposition. Holotype and paratype are deposited in UMSM. Host range and distribution. This species is known from the type host Saccopteryx bilineata from Peru (our data). Remarks. This new species differs from all known representatives of the genus Rodhainyssus in both sexes by the long sword-like posterior projections of the gnathosoma. In all other species these projections are widely rounded apically or are short. The new species is close to R. balantiopteryx and R. emballonurae. In all three species, setae c2 are absent, the sternum is not connected with apodemes II, apodemes III are fused to each other, and the posterior apodemes of coxal fields II are not connected with apodemes II. It differs from R. balantiopteryx in both sexes by the presence of setae si and by the absence of setae f2; in females by the presence of the punctate area between setae h2 and h3; in males by the presence of the median opisthogastric plate (fused adanal shields), and by setae 4b situated posterior to the pregenital apodeme. In both sexes of R. balantiopteryx setae si are absent, and setae f2 are present; in females the area between setae h2 and h3 are smooth; in males the median opisthogastric plate is absent, and setae 4b are situated on the pregenital apodeme. Males of R. saccopteryx sp. nov. differ from R. emballonurae by the arch-like shape of the median opisthogastric plate, bearing setae h3 and ps3, the absence of the ventral folds on trochanters I and II, and by the posterior end of the aedeagus situated distinctly posterior to setae g. In males of R. emballonurae the median opisthogastric shield has irregular margins and bears only setae ps3, its shape is close to ovoid in outline, the ventral folds of trochanters I and II are present, and the posterior end of the aedeagus is situated at the level of setae g., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 62-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616

Genus Lemurnyssus Fain, 1957 Lemurnyssus Fain 1957a: 470, 1959e: 11, 1964c: 456. Type species: Lemurnyssus galagoensis Fain, 1957, by original designation. Diagnosis. ADULTS. Idiosoma about 3 times as long as wide. Opisthogastric shields paired, strongly reduced. Tarsi III–IV with well developed pretarsi. Idiosomal setation (see Table 1): se, 1a, 3a, h2 all filiform; c2, g both alveoli; 4a microsetae; ps 3 in males present, microsetae; other setae absent. Leg setation (see Tables 2 and 3): all setae present. Setae d I–IV, cG I–II, mG I–II, vF I–II all filiform, setae d I–IV subequal or longer to respective tarsi; all other setae short spines. Female. Bursa copulatrix strongly thickened. Posterogynal fold without sclerites. MALE. Aedeagus distinctly thickened. Species included: type species only. Host range and distribution. The single described species of this genus was recorded from the nasal passages of Galago moholi Smith (Primates: Galagidae) from tropical Africa (Fain 1957a) (see Table 6)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 131-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1957 a) Notes sur l'acariase des voies respiratoires chez l'homme et les animaux. Description de deux nouveaux acariens chez un lemurien et des rongeurs. Annales de la Societe Belge de Medicine Tropicale, 37, 469 - 482.","Fain, A. (1959 e) Deux nouveaux acariens nasicoles chez un singe platyrrhinien Saimiri sciurea (L.) (Lemurnyssidae: Sarcoptiformes). Bulletin de la Societe Royale de Zoologie d'Anvers, 12, 3 - 12.","Fain, A. (1964 c) Les Lemurnyssidae parasites nasicoles des Lorisidae africains et des Cebidae sud-americains. Description d'une espece nouvelle (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Annales de la Societe Belge de Medicine Tropicale, 44, 453 - 458."]}

1. Mortelmansia longus Fain, 1959 (Figs. 73–75) Mortelmansia longus Fain 1959e: 471, figs. 1–4, 9, 10, 1964c: 456. Redescription. FEMALE (holotype). Body, including gnathosoma, 525 long (530 in paratype), 100 wide (105). Body length/width ratio about 5:1. Idiosomal shields, excluding prescapular shield, covered by nonstriate pattern as depicted in Fig. 73A. Prescapular shield length about 45; postscapular shield length about 90; metapodosomal shields 50 long, distance between them 18–20; opisthonotal shield length about 210; opisthogastric shield length about 120. Alveoli of setae e1 and h1 present. Inseminatory canal about 30 long. Sternum 25 long (27). Apodemes II about 80 long. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II about 15. Legs III and IV subequal, about 125 long (excluding pretarsi). Setal lengths: se 55 (60), cp 30 (27), h2 90 (80), 1a 40 (38), 3a 27 (30), 4a microsetae, vF I 8 (7), vF II 35 (40), cG I 35 (38), cG II 5 (4), mG I–II about 35, gT I–II about 5, d I–IV about 50, solenidia ω 1 I 11 (12), ω 1 II 14 (13), ϕI–II about 10, ϕIII–IV 2–3. MALE (3 paratypes). Body, including gnathosoma, 555–560 long, 130–135 wide. Body length/width ratio about 4:1. Prescapular shield length 45. Alveoli of setae h1 present; alveoli e1 not discernible. Sternum 20–23 long. Apodemes II about 60 long. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II about 17. Aedeagus about 40 long. Legs III and IV subequal, about 120 long (excluding pretarsi). Setal lengths: se 35–38, cp 30– 33, h2 100–110, 1a 35–43, 3a 25–30, 4a alveoli, g microsetae, vF I 5–6, vF II 25–28, cG I 30–35, cG II 4–5, mG I–II about 25, gT I–II about 4, d I–II about 40, d III–IV about 20; solenidia ω 1 I 10, ω 1 II 13, ϕI–II about 25, ϕIII 2–3, ϕIV 17–19. Type material examined. Female holotype (IRSNB A. 1031), 1 female and 1 male paratypes (OSAL 2319 and 2318, respectively), 2 male paratypes (IRSNB) from Saimiri sciureus (L.) (Cebidae), originating in South America and died in the Antwerp Zoo (Belgium), 29 April 1959, coll. unknown. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in IRSNB. Non-type material examined. One tritonymph (IRSNB) [in poor condition] from Saimiri sciureus [nasal cavities], originating in South America and died in the Antwerp Zoo (Belgium), 22 March 1960, coll. unknown. Host range and distribution. This species is known only from the original record from Saimiri sciureus originating in South America (Fain 1959)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on page 135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1959 e) Deux nouveaux acariens nasicoles chez un singe platyrrhinien Saimiri sciurea (L.) (Lemurnyssidae: Sarcoptiformes). Bulletin de la Societe Royale de Zoologie d'Anvers, 12, 3 - 12."]}

Key to genera of the tribe Rodhainyssini Fain, 1956 1. Tarsi III–IV distinctly shorter than respective tibiae. Setae s III–IV absent............................................................... 2 – Tarsi III–IV subequal to respective tibiae. Setae s III–IV present......................................... Eidolonyssus Fain, 1967 2. Anus situated ventrally. Rudiments of pretarsi III–IV absent.................................................................................... 3 – Anus situated terminally. Rudiments of pretarsi III–IV present........................................ Mycteronyssus Fain, 1970 3. Setae subc. absent. Idiosoma elongated, ellipsoid in outline, with butterfly-like sclerotization ventro-medially between coxal fields II. Propodonotal shield fused with apodemes I. Setae d I–IV subequal or shorter than respective tarsi............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 – Setae subc. present. Idiosoma elongated, slightly rhomboid in outline, with straight or/and oblique sclerotized bands ventro-medially between coxal fields II. Propodonotal shield separated from apodemes I. Setae d I–IV distinctly longer than respective tarsi.................................................................................................. Rodhainyssus Fain, 1956 4. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield concave. Coxal fields III closed. Setae f2 present. Setae ps 2 in males absent. Setae ps3 and h3 spine-like......................................................... Pseudoopsonyssus Bochkov et OConnor gen. nov. – Posterior margin of propodonotal shield widely rounded or bearing median projection. Coxal fields III open. Setae f2 absent. Setae ps 2 in males present. Setae ps3 represented by alveoli or absent; setae h3 represented by alveoli or microspines............................................................................................................................. Opsonyssus Fain, 1959, Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1956) Une nouvelle famille d'acariens endoparasites des chauves-souris: Gastronyssidae fam. nov. (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Annales de la Societe Belge de Medicine Tropicale, 36, 87 - 98.","Fain, A. (1970) Un nouveau genre et une nouvelle espece dans la sous-famille Rodnhainyssidae (Sarcoptiformes: Gastronyssidae). Acarologia, 12, 160 - 163."]}

7. Opsonyssus macroglossus Bochkov et OConnor sp. nov. (Fig. 38) Description. FEMALE (holotype). Body, including gnathosoma, 290 long, 145 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum 45 long, slightly curved, situated laterally. Propodonotal shield length 50, maximum width 60. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield widely rounded. Setae se 7 long. Idiosoma dorsally finely and irregularly striated. Alveoli of setae ps3 present, alveoli of setae c3 situated at coxal apodemes III; setae 4b. Setae g and h3 represented by alveoli. Setae h2 45 long. Sternum about 40 long. Foramen between sternum and fusion of apodemes II absent. Lateral projections of sternal branches absent. Posterior projections of coxal fields I weakly developed, widely rounded. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II short, about 30 long, with free distal ends. Apodemes of coxal fields III fused to each other medially and with epigynum. Inseminatory canal 20 long. Distal ends of coxal apodemes IV fused with sclerotized areas of oviporus by narrow sclerotized bands. Setae g situated at these apodemes. Sclerotized areas between setae h2 and h3 absent. Trochanters III–IV each ventrally with distinctly developed, tongue-like protrusions. Setae vF I–II about 20 long. Setae kT III situated in basal part of tibiae. Setae r I–II about 10 long, r III–IV about 7 long. MALE and TRITONYMPH. Unknown. Type material examined. Female holotype (BMOC 83-1600 - 070) from Macroglossus minimus (UMMZ 159750) [nasal cavities], PHILIPPINES: Negros Oriental, Sibulan Municip., Lake Balinsasayao, 3km N, 14km W Dumaguete, 835m, 09°21'11"N, 123°10'45"E, 7 November 1982, coll. P.D. Heideman (PDH 1081). Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in UMMZ. Host range and distribution. This species is known only from the type host Macroglossus minimus from the Philippines. Etymology. The species name is derived from the generic name of the host and is a noun in apposition. Remarks. This species is closest to O. klompeni and differs by the following characters. In females of O. macroglossus sp. nov. the posterior lobes of coxal fields I are present and the ventral projections of the subcapitulum are situated laterally. In O. klompeni the posterior projections of coxal fields I are absent and the ventral projections of the subcapitulum are situated ventro-laterally., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616

3. Mortelmansia duboisi Fain, 1964 (Figs. 78, 79) Mortelmansia duboisi Fain 1964c: 453, fig. 1. Redescription. FEMALE (holotype). Body, including gnathosoma, 335 long (310 in paratype), 95 wide (93). Body length/width ratio 3.3–3.5:1. Idiosomal shields, excluding prescapular shield, covered by non-striate pattern as depicted in Fig. 78A. Prescapular shield length about 35; postscapular shield length about 70; metapodosomal shields length about 20, distance between metapodosomal shields 35–40; opisthonotal shield length about 80; opisthogastric shield length about 35. Alveoli of setae e1 and h1 absent. Inseminatory canal about 18 long. Sternum 22 long (20). Apodemes II about 30 long. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II about 8. Legs III and IV subequal, about 75 long (excluding pretarsi). Setal lengths: se 25 (27), cp 10 (11), h2 17 (18), 1a 22 (19), 3a 17 (18), 4a microsetae, vF I 8 (7), vF II 15 (13), cG I 30 (27), cG II 5 (4), mG I–II about 17, gT I–II about 5, d I–IV about 30, solenidia ω 1 I 8 (12), ω 1 II 10 (13), ϕI–II about 7, ϕIII–IV about 2. MALE. Unknown. Type material examined. Female holotype and female paratype (IRSNB) from Callithrix jacchus (L.) (Callitrichidae), originating in South America and died in the Antwerp Zoo (Belgium), 2 February 1963, mites coll. A. Fain. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in IRSNB. Host range and distribution. This species is known only from the type series collected from Callithrix jacchus originating from South America (Fain 1959)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 141-142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1964 c) Les Lemurnyssidae parasites nasicoles des Lorisidae africains et des Cebidae sud-americains. Description d'une espece nouvelle (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Annales de la Societe Belge de Medicine Tropicale, 44, 453 - 458."]}

8. Yunkeracarus hylomyscus Bochkov et OConnor sp. nov. (Fig. 63) Description. FEMALE (holotype). Body, including gnathosoma, 335 long (335–360 in 10 paratypes), 160 wide (160–165). Propodonotal shield with widely rounded and distinctly sclerotized posterior margin, length 48 (45–50), maximum width 65 (55–60). Setae si and se subequal in length, 30 (29–30) and 32 long (28–35), respectively. Distance se–se 60 (58–63), 4–6 times greater than si–si, 13 (10–13). Bursa copulatrix opening dorso-terminally or terminally. Sternum about 20 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly developed, length and width subequal, about 9 long, 10 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II about 25. Two–three pairs of distinct folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Distance 4a–4a [only one seta 4a present in holotype] (35–45), about 1.5 times greater than ps3–ps3, 25 (25–30). Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 present. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 120 and 135 long, respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I–II microspines, about 2 long. Setal lengths: 1a 9 (9–11), c3 13 (13–17), cp 27 (25–30), h2 110 (110–115), vF I–II about 25, mG I–II about 25, gT I–II about 3, solenidion ϕI–II about 10, ω 1 I– II about 9. MALE (2 paratypes). Body, including gnathosoma, 300–310 long, 140–145 wide. Propodonotum as in female. Propodonotal shield 48–50 long, 60-63 maximum wide. Setae si and se subequal in length, 25–27 and se 30–33 long, respectively. Distance se–se 50–55, about 5 times greater than si–si, 8–10. Sternum about 15 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly developed, about 9 long, 15 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II about 22. Two pairs of distinct folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Aedeagus about 43 long, its posterior end situated at level of setae g. Length and width of postgenital shield subequal, about 30. Distance g–g 25–29, about 2 times greater than ps3–ps3, 13–15. Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 present. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 120 and 130 long, respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I–II microspines, about 2 long. Setal lengths: 1a 10–12, c3 13–15, cp 25–, h2 105–110, vF I–II about 20, mG I–II about 22, gTI–II about 3, solenidia ϕI–II about 10, ω 1 I–II about 8. Type material examined. Female holotype, 14 female, 1 male, and 3 tritonymph paratypes (BMOC 95- 0917 - 131) ex Hylomyscus arcimontensis Carleton et Stanley (Muridae) (FMNH 155389), TANZANIA: Morogoro Region, Kilombero Dist., Udzungwa Mts., Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve, 4 km W, 5 km N Chita, 1460m, 08º28'30"S, 35º54'25"E, 14 August 1995, coll. P.M. Kihaule (WTS 1879); 5 female, 1 male, 2 tritonymph, and 2 larva paratypes (BMOC 95-0917 - 079) ex same host (FMNH 155388) and same locality, 8 August 1995, coll. P.M. Kihaule (WTS 1827). Type deposition. Holotype and the most part of paratypes are deposited in FMNH, other paratypes in OSAL, UMMZ and ZISP; non-type specimens in FMNH, UMMZ. Non-type material examined. Ten females, 2 males, 1 protonymph, and 1 tritonymph (BMOC 91-1350- 009) ex Praomys jacksoni (de Winton) (Muridae) (FMNH 145101), UGANDA: Western Prov., Kasese Dist., Rwenzori Mts, Mubuku River above Kyoha River, 1875m, 11 April 1991, coll. J.C. Kerbis (JCK 1768); 4 females and 1 male (BMOC 91-1350-002) ex same host (FMNH 145089) and same locality, 10 April 1991, coll. J.C. Kerbis (JCK 1745); 19 females, 1 male, 1 protonymph, and 1 tritonymph (BMOC 92-0605-099) ex same host (FMNH 168563), BURUNDI: Cibitoke Prov., Kibira National Park, Ndora Zone, Giserama Col., Gite, 1.1 km N, 0.8 km E Kirumura, 2100m, 19 August 1991, coll. J.C. Kerbis (JCK 2844). Host range and distribution. This species is known only from central and east African murines, Hylomyscus arcimontensis from Tanzania and Praomys jacksoni from Uganda and Burundi. Etymology. The species name is derived from the generic name of the host and is a noun in apposition. Remarks. Y. hylomyscus sp. nov. is closely related to Y. apodemi, in both species, setae si and se are subequal, setae cG I–II are microspines, about 2 long, the distance si–si is very short, 8–10 long, and the bursa copulatrix opens terminally. This new species differs from all other known species of the genus, including Y. apodemi, by the presence of the alveoli of setae h1 and h3. In all other species, the alveoli of these setae are absent., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 119-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616

Subfamily Yunkeracarinae Fain, 1964 Fain 1964b: 42, 1972: 71. Type genus: Yunkeracarus Fain, 1957. Diagnosis. ADULTS. Gnathosoma in terminal position, not fused with propodonotal shield. Ventral projections of subcapitular margin present. Setae subc absent, setae elc.p. present, cone-like. Idiosoma elongated, 2– 2.5 times longer than wide, ellipsoid in outline. Idiosomal dorsum and opisthosomal venter covered with scale-like striations. Anterior apices of apodemes I not fused with propodonotal shield. Apodemes II–IV with free distal ends. Median part of idiosomal venter with or without sclerotization. Median transverse sclerite absent. Coxal fields I with or without membranous posterior projections. Folds posterior to coxal fields II present or absent. Anal opening situated ventrally. Tarsi I–IV subequal to respective tibiae and bearing pretarsi with ambulacral discs. Trochanters III–IV with ventral folds. Idiosomal setation (see Table 1): ps 2 in males absent, setae h1 present only in Y. hylomyscus, h3 present in Y. hylomyscus and Sciuracarus. Leg setation (see Tables 2 and 3): solenidion ω 3 I absent, setae pR I–II absent only in Y. limnomys; setae e I–IV filiform or microsetae, situated antaxially. FEMALE. Bursa copulatrix opening dorsal or terminal. Posterogynal folds of oviporus distinctly developed, smooth. Median fold with sclerites. Opisthogastric shield absent. MALE. Postgenital shield present. Setae g situated below aedeagal cone. Adanal shields absent. Genera included: Sciuracarus, Yunkeracarus., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1964 b) Chaetotaxie et classification des Gastronyssidae avec description d'un nouveau genre parasite nasicole d'un ecureuil sudafricain (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines, 70, 40 - 52."]}

Genus Pseudoopsonyssus Bochkov et OConnor gen. nov. Opsonyssus Fain 1959a: 8, 1959d: 18, 1967: 30; Zabludovskaya 2005: 149 (in part). Type species: Opsonyssus phyllorhinae Fain, 1959, by original designation. Diagnosis. ADULTS. Setae subc absent. Pair of distinct apically pointed projections present ventro-laterally on subcapitulum. Idiosoma moderately elongated, about 2 times as long as wide, almost ellipsoid in outline. Propodonotal shield fused with apodemes I; its posterior margin concave. Idiosomal dorsum and opisthosomal venter covered by distinct striations. Sternum connected with apodemes II. Ventro-median part of idiosoma with butterfly-shape sclerotization between coxal fields II. Apodemes III fused with median transverse sclerite; apodemes IV distinctly developed, fused with apodemes III, coxal fields III closed. Coxal fields I bearing membranous posterior projections. Folds posterior to coxal fields II absent. Coxal fields III distinctly sclerotized. Anus situated ventrally. Tarsi shortened, about 3 times shorter than respective tibiae, without pretarsi. Trochanters III–IV each with distinct, widely rounded, ventral projection. Idiosomal setation (see Table 1): setae ps2 absent in males; setae se, 1a, 3a, h2 all filiform, h2 whip-like; si, c2, c3, 4a, 4b, g, h3, and ps3 all microspines or short spurs; f2 alveoli. Leg setation (see Tables 2 and 3): setae s I–IV, kT IV, solenidion ϕIV and solenidion ω 3 I in females absent; setae d I–IV, cG I–II, mG I–II, vF I–II all filiform, d I–IV short; gT I–II and kT III very short spines; f I–IV, r I–IV, w I–IV spur-like; solenidion ϕIII rudimentary, in shape of small tubercle. FEMALE. Bursa copulatrix opening dorsal or terminal. Epigynum variable in form and shape. Posterogynal folds of oviporus smooth. Median fold in some species associated with apodemes IV. MALE. Pregenital apodeme variable in form and shape. Setae g situated in base of aedeagal cone. Adanal shields present or absent. JUVENILE STAGES. Larva always bearing idiosomal setae se, 1a, c3, c2, and h2, and leg setae d I–III, e I–III, f I–III, r I–III, w I–III, gT I–II, kT III, cG I–II, mG I–II, vF I–II, solenidia ω 1 I–II, ϕI–III, and famulus ε. Subcapitulum with ventral projections. Apodemes I fused, Y-shaped. Ventral folds on trochanters III present. In protonymph setae d IV, w IV, and r IV added on legs. In tritonymph setae 4a and 4b added on idiosoma, and e IV, f IV on legs. Setae f2 absent, delayed to adult stage. Species included: P. phyllorhinae, P. striatus, P. zumpti. Host range and distribution. Species of the genus are recorded from microchiropteran bats of the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae in Europe, Asia, and Africa (Tables 6 and 7). These mites live in the nasal passages of their hosts. Etymology. The name of this new genus refers to the high similarity with the genus Opsonyssus. Remarks. This new genus differs from the genus Opsonyssus by the concave posterior margin of the propodonotal shield, closed coxal fields III, the presence of setae f2, the absence of setae ps 2 in males, and by the spine-like setae ps3 and h 3 in both sexes. In mites of the genus Opsonyssus, the posterior margin of the propodonotal shield is widely rounded or bears a median projection, coxal fields III are open, setae f2 are absent, setae ps2 are present in males, setae ps3 are represented by alveoli or are absent, and setae h3 are represented by alveoli or microspines., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 81-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1959 a) La famille Gastronyssidae Fain, 1956. Description de deux nouvelles especes chez des chauves-souris asiatiques (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 35, 1 - 22.","Fain, A. (1959 d) Further notes on nasal mites from South Africa, with description of a new genus and five new species. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 22, 18 - 34.","Zabludovskaya, S. A. (2005) Mites from respiratory ways of small mammals in Ukraine. Vestnik zoologii, Suppl. 19, 145 - 150. [in Russian]"]}

3. Yunkeracarus rattus Bochkov et OConnor sp. nov. Description. FEMALE (holotype). Body, including gnathosoma, 360 long (350–365 in 8 paratypes), 175 wide (170–175). Propodonotal shield with widely rounded posterior margin, length 54 (52–55), maximum width 60 (60–62). Setae si 35 (32–40), 1.3–1.5 shorter than se 52 long (50–52), respectively. Distance se–se 57 (55–58), about 5–6 times greater than si–si, 10 (10–13). Bursa copulatrix opening dorsal. Sternum about 22 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I very short and wide, about 9 long, 17 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II about 20. Two pairs of distinct folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Distance 4a–4a 32 (30–48), about 1.4–1.6 times greater than ps3–ps3, 22 (22–30). Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 125 and 130 long, respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I–II microspines, about 2 long. Setal lengths: 1a 15 (13–16), c3 20 (18–22), cp 40 (35– 44), h2 about 130, vF I 25 (23–26), vF II 35 (30–37), mG I–II about 40, gT I–II 2–3, solenidia ϕI–II about 11, ω 1 I–II about 9. MALE (3 paratypes). Body, including gnathosoma, 310–335 long, 135–150 wide. Propodonotum as in female. Propodonotal shield 52–55 long, 56–60maximum wide. Setae si, 27–28 long, 1.4 times shorter than se, 39–40 long. Distance se–se 45–52, about 5 times greater than si–si, 9–10. Sternum about 15 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I very short and wide, about 9 long, 15 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II about 18. Two pairs of distinct folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Aedeagus about 40 long, its posterior end situated at level of setae g. Length and width of postgenital shield subequal, about 32. Distance g–g 18–20, about 1.4 times greater than ps3–ps3, 13–17. Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 110 and 125 long (excluding pretarsus), respectively. Setae cG I–II microspines, about 2 long. Setal lengths: 1a about 13, c3 17–18, cp 28–30, h2 about 125, vF I 22, vF II 27, mG I–II about 27, gT I–II 2–3, solenidia ϕI–II about 10, ω 1 I–II about 7. Type material examined. Female holotype and 1 male paratype (BMOC 95-0203 - 026) ex Rattus rattus (L.) (Muridae) (FMNH 154275), MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana, Réserve Spécial d’Anjanaharibe-Sud, 9.2km WSW Befingotra, 1260m, 24º47'S, 47º12"E, 4 November 1994, coll. S.M. Goodman (SMG 6920); 6 female, 2 male, 1 tritonymph, and 1 larva paratypes (BMOC 89-1600 - 036) ex same host (USNM 578831), MADAGASCAR: Toliara, Fiv. de Tolagnaro, Ste. Luce Forest, 2–3 km NW Manafiafy, 20m, 24º47'S, 47º12"E, 8 October 1989, coll. G.K. Creighton (GKC 3073). Type deposition. Holotype and part of paratypes are deposited in FMNH, other paratypes in USNM and UMMZ. Host range and distribution. This species is known only from the type host (Rattus rattus) from Madagascar, where the host was introduced by human activity. We have flushed nasal passages of numerous specimens of R. rattus from the African mainland, and those of other Rattus species from Asia without recovering this species. Since we have not recovered Yunkeracarus mites from any native rodent species in Madagascar, it seems likely this species will ultimately be recovered from R. rattus in other parts of its range. Etymology. The species name is derived from the generic name of the host and is a noun in apposition. Remarks. This new species is very close to Y. apomys. In both of these species setae cG I are microspines, setae si are distinctly (1.5–2 times) shorter than se and situated close to each other, distance si–si is 5–6 times shorter than se–se, setae c3 is about two times shorter than cp; in females, the bursa copulatrix opens dorsally; in males the posterior end of the aedeagus is situated at the level of setae 4a. It differs from Y. apomys by the following characters. In females of Y. rattus, the length of the body, including the gnathosoma, is 350–365, setae 1a are 13–16 long, setae c3 are 18–22 long, setae cp are 2.3–2.7 times longer than c3, the posterior projections of coxal fields I are about 2.1 times wider than long; in males, the length of the body, including the gnathosoma, is 310–335. In females of Y. apomys, the length of the body, including the gnathosoma, is 370– 390, setae 1a are 9–13 long, setae c3 are 11–16 long, setae cp are 1.9–2.3 times longer than c3, the posterior projections of coxal fields I are about 1.4 times wider than long; in males, the length of the body, including the gnathosoma, is 360., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 107-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616

5. Yunkeracarus apodemi Fain, Lukoschus, Jadin et Ah, 1967 stat. nov. (Fig. 56) Yunkeracarus faini apodemi Fain et al. 1967: 79; Smith et al. 1985: 481; Zabludovskaya 1989: 64, 1990: 32. Redescription. FEMALE (holotype). Body, including gnathosoma, 310 long (315–330 in 10 specimens from A. wardi from Pakistan), 156 wide (155–170). Propodonotal shield with widely rounded posterior margin, length 50 (45–49), maximum width 60 (55–60). Setae si 37 long (28–35), slightly longer or subequal to se 30 long (25–27). Distance se–se 57 (50–55), 5–6 times greater than si–si, 9 (7–9). Bursa copulatrix opening terminal. Sternum about 15 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly developed, about 9 long, 13 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II 22 (22–27). 2–3 pairs of weakly developed folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Distance 4a–4a 20 (25–27), 1.3–1.5 times greater than ps3–ps3, 15 (17–18). Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 105 and 115 long, respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I–II microspines, about 3 long. Setal lengths: 1a 12 (12–13), c3 16 (13–17), cp 30 (27–30), h2 135 (130–140), vF I–II about 27, mG I–II about 28, gT I–II about 4, solenidia ϕI–II about 10, ω 1 I–II about 10. MALE (paratype). Body, including gnathosoma, 300 long (290–320 in 10 specimens from A. wardi from Pakistan), 160 wide (145–155). Propodonotum as in female. Propodonotal shield 60 (45–49) long, 60 (57–60) maximum wide. Setae si 26 long (27–29), subequal to se, 28 long (27–33), respectively. Distance se–se 55 (45–48), 5–6 times greater than si–si, 9 (8–9). Sternum about 13 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly developed, 9 long, 12 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II 25 (22–25). Two pairs of weakly developed folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Aedeagus 44 long, its posterior end situated slightly posterior to level of setae g. Length and width of postgenital shield subequal, about 25. Distance g–g 17 (17–18), 1.3 times greater than ps3–ps3, 13 (12–14). Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 105 and 117 long, respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I–II microspines, about 2 long. Setal lengths: 1a 11 (10–12), c3 13 (11–13), cp 27 (25–27), h2 115 (115– 130), vF I–II about 27, mG I–II about 28, gT I–II about 3, solenidia ϕI–II about 10, ω 1 I–II about 8. Type material examined. Female holotype (IRSNB I.G. 24.714 A. 1515) and 2 female paratypes ex Apodemus sylvaticus (L.) (Muridae), BELGIUM: Wallonia Reg., Namur Prov., 50°20'N, 04°50'E, 1 November 1964, coll. J. Jadin; 7 female and 4 male paratypes (IRSNB) ex same host, NETHERLANDS: Limburg Prov., Horst, 51°27'N, 06°04'E, 14 March 1967, coll. F. Lukoschus. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in IRSNB. Non-type material examined. Five females and 4 males (UMMZ, FMNH) (BMOC 90-1500-102) ex Apodemus wardi (Wroughton) (Muridae) (FMNH 140525), PAKISTAN: NW Frontier Prov., Malakand Div., Swat Dist., Yakh Tangai, 34°51'01"N, 72°36'53"E, 2076m, 23 April 1990, coll. S.M. Goodman (SMG 3868). Host range and distribution. This species is known from mice of the genus Apodemus, A. sylvaticus (type host) from Europe (Belgium and the Netherlands), Ukraine (Zabludovskaya 1990), A. agrarius (Pallas) from South Korea (Fain et al. 1967), and A. wardi from Pakistan. The records of solitary specimens from Mus musculus L. (Muridae) and Microtus socialis (Pallas) (Cricetidae) from Ukraine (Zabludovskaya 1990) need additional confirmation. Remarks. Y. apodemi was described as a subspecies Y. faini (Fain et al., 1967). It clearly deserves species status because it differs from Y. faini by several consistent characters. The most notable features of this species are the short distance between setae si–si, 7–11 and the bursa copulatrix opens terminally. In Y. faini the distance si–si is about 18, and the bursa copulatrix opens dorsally., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 110-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A., Lukoschus, F. S. & Ah, H. S. (1967) Note sur un acarien du genre Yunkeracarus Fain, 1957 (Gastronyssidae: Sarcoptiformes). Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia, 43, 79 - 83.","Smith, M., Whitaker, J. O., Jr. & Giessen, K. M. (1985) Yunkeracarus microti n. sp. (Acari: Gastronyssidae) from the nasal passage of the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus. The Journal of Parasitology, 71, 481 - 184.","Zabludovskaya, S. A. (1989) A new species of the genus Yunkeracarus from Ukraine (Acariformes, Gastronyssidae) - parasites of the nasal cavities of rodents. Vestnik zoologii, 2, 64 - 66. [in Russian]","Zabludovskaya, S. A. (1990) Mites of the genus Yunkeracarus (Acariformes, Gastronyssidae) - parasites of the nasal cavities of rodents. Vestnik zoologii, 4, 32 - 35. [in Russian]"]}

1. Yunkeracarus muris Fain, 1957 (Figs. 52, 53) Yunkeracarus muris Fain 1957b: 473, figs. 8–12; Hyland & Clark 1959: 365; Fain 1964b: 47, figs. 5–6; Fain et a l. 1967: 80; Smith et al. 1985: 481; Zabludovskaya 1989: 64, 1990: 35. Redescription. FEMALE (holotype from Arvicanthis niloticus). Body, including gnathosoma, 375 long (345–380 in 3 specimens from L. striatus), 180 wide (155–175). Propodonotal shield with widely rounded posterior margin, length 60 (48–53), maximum width 63 (65–68). Setae si 13 long (13–15), 2 times shorter than se 28 long (27–30). Distance se–se 59 (60–65), 3–4 times greater than si–si, 16 (13–17). Bursa copulatrix opening terminal or dorso-terminal in some specimens. Sternum about 20 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly developed, about 9 long, 11 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II about 35. Several weakly developed folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Distance 4a–4a 38 (35–40), subequal or 1.1–1.6 times greater than ps3–ps3, 33 (38–40). Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 135 and 145 long, respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I–II microspines, about 2 long. Setal lengths: 1a 13 (17–18), c3 14 (13–15), cp 26 (25–28), h2 130 (120–140), vF I–II about 25, mG I–II about 27, gT I–II about 4, solenidia ϕI–II about 10, ω 1 I–II about 9. MALE (paratype from Pelomys fallax). Body, including gnathosoma, 330 long (320 in specimen from L. striatus), 150 wide (145). Propodonotum as in female. Propodonotal shield 66 (48) long, 59 (57) maximum wide. Setae si 9 long (10), 3 times shorter than se, 26 long (29). Distance se– s e 60 (48), 5 times greater than si–si, 9 long (9). Sternum about 15 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly developed, about 9 long, 12 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II 22 (23). Two pairs of weakly developed folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Aedeagus about 48 long, its posterior end situated slightly posterior to level of setae g. Length and width of postgenital shield subequal, about 35. Distance g–g 25, 2 times greater than ps3–ps3, 13. Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 125 and 135 long (excluding pretarsus), respectively. Setae cG I–II microspines, about 2 long. Setal lengths: 1a 13 (12), c3 11 (13), cp 20 (21), h2 120 (115), vF I–II about 22, mG I–II about 25, gT I–II about 3, solenidia ϕI–II about 9, ω 1 I–II about 9. Type material examined. Female holotype (MRAC 97511). 2 female paratypes (IRSNB), and male paratype (allotype) (MRAC 97510), and 2 female paratypes ex Arvicanthis niloticus (Desmarest) (= A. abyssinicus rubescens) (Muridae), RWANDA: Butare [=Astrida], 02°35'S, 29°44'E, 14 December 1955, coll. A. Fain; 1 female paratype (MRAC 97512), 2 female paratypes (IRSNB), and 1 male paratype (IRSNB) ex Pelomys fallax (Peters) (Muridae), same locality, 11 December 1955, coll. A. Fain. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in MRAC. Non-type material examined. Three females, 1 male, 3 protonymphs (FMNH, UMMZ) (BMOC 01- 1015-017) ex Lemniscomys striatus (L.) (Muridae) (FMNH 171519), TANZANIA: Rukwa Region, Sumbawanga Dist., Mbizi Mts, Mbizi Forest Reserve, 0.5 km S, 3 km E Wipanga, 07º52'30"S, 31º40'00"E, 2300m, 22 July 2001, coll. W.T. Stanley (WTS 4741); 2 females, 1 male, and 1 larva (FMNH, UMMZ) (BMOC 03-0212-044) ex Rhabdomys pumilio (Sparrman) (Muridae) (FMNH 173905), TANZANIA: Kilimanjaro Region, Moshi Dist., Mt. Kilimanjaro, 10.5 km N, 3.5 km W Maua, 03º10'27"S, 37º26'13"E, 2900m, 2 August 2002, coll. W.T. Stanley (WTS 5288). Host range and distribution. This species is known from central and east African murines, Arvicanthis niloticus (type host) and Pelomys fallax from Rwanda (Fain 1957b), Lemniscomys striatus (new record) and Rhabdomys pumilio (new record) from Tanzania., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 103-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1957 b) Notes sur quelgues acarines parasites. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines, 55, 253 - 254.","Hyland, K. E. & Clark, D. T. (1959) The occurrence of the genus Yunkeracarus in North America (Acarina: Epidermoptidae). Acarologia, 1, 365 - 369.","Fain, A. (1964 b) Chaetotaxie et classification des Gastronyssidae avec description d'un nouveau genre parasite nasicole d'un ecureuil sudafricain (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines, 70, 40 - 52.","Smith, M., Whitaker, J. O., Jr. & Giessen, K. M. (1985) Yunkeracarus microti n. sp. (Acari: Gastronyssidae) from the nasal passage of the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus. The Journal of Parasitology, 71, 481 - 184.","Zabludovskaya, S. A. (1989) A new species of the genus Yunkeracarus from Ukraine (Acariformes, Gastronyssidae) - parasites of the nasal cavities of rodents. Vestnik zoologii, 2, 64 - 66. [in Russian]","Zabludovskaya, S. A. (1990) Mites of the genus Yunkeracarus (Acariformes, Gastronyssidae) - parasites of the nasal cavities of rodents. Vestnik zoologii, 4, 32 - 35. [in Russian]"]}

Genus Opsonyssus Fain, 1959 Fain 1959a: 8, 1959b: 160, 1959d: 18, 1964b: 41, 1967: 30, 1970: 160, 1972: 71. Type species: Rodhainyssus brutsaerti Fain, 1956, by original designation. Diagnosis. ADULTS. Setae subc absent. Pair of distinct apically pointed projections present ventrally or ventro-laterally on gnathosoma. Idiosoma moderately elongated, about 2 times as long as wide, almost ellipsoid in outline. Propodonotal shield fused with apodemes I, its posterior margin widely rounded or with median projection. Idiosomal dorsum and opisthosomal venter covered by distinct striations. Sternum connected with apodemes II. Foramen between sternal apex and distal ends of apodemes II present or these structures completely fused to each other. Ventro-median part of idiosoma with butterfly-shape sclerotization between coxal fields II. Apodemes III free or fused to each other; apodemes IV distinctly developed, not fused with apodemes III, coxal fields III open. Median transverse sclerite present or absent. In some species sternum bearing pair of lateral membranous projections. Coxal fields I bearing membranous posterior projections. Folds posterior to coxal fields II absent. Coxal fields III���IV slightly sclerotized. Anus situated ventrally. Tarsi shortened, about 3 times shorter than respective tibiae, without pretarsi. Trochanters III���IV each with distinct, widely rounded, ventral projection.Idiosomal setation (see Table 1): setae f2 absent; c3, ps3, and 4b present or absent; ps2 present in males of some species; se, 1a, 3a, h2 all filiform, h2 whip-like; si, c2, c3, h3, 4a, 4b, g, and ps3 all alveoli or microspines. Leg setation (see Tables 2 and 3): setae s I���IV, kT IV, solenidion ϕIV and solenidion �� 3 I in females absent; setae d I���IV, cG I���II, mG I���II, vF I���II all filiform, setae d I���IV short; gT I���II and kT III very short spines; f I���IV, r I���IV, w I���IV spur-like; solenidion ϕIII rudimentary, in shape of small tubercle. FEMALE. Bursa copulatrix opening dorsal or terminal. Epigynum variable in form and shape. Posterogynal folds of oviporus smooth. Median fold in some species associated with apodemes IV. MALE. Pregenital apodeme variable in form and shape. Setae g situated in base of aedeagal cone. Adanal shields present or absent. JUVENILE STAGES. In many species setae si, c2, 4a, g, or ps3 delayed to adult stage. Larva always bearing idiosomal setae se, 1a, and h2, and leg setae d I���III, e I���III, f I���III, r I���III, w I���III, gT I���II, kT III, cG I���II, mG I���II, vF I���II, solenidia �� 1 I���II, ϕI���III, and famulus ε. Subcapitulum with ventral projections. Apodemes I fused, Y-shaped. Ventral folds on trochanters III present. In protonymph setae d IV, w IV, and r IV added on legs. In tritonymph setae e IV and f IV added on legs. Species included: O. asiaticus, O. brutsaerti, O. eidoloni, O. klompeni, O. macroglossus, O. pseudoindicus, O. pteropodi. Host range and distribution. Species of the genus are recorded from the nasal passages and eye orbits of African and Asian bats of the family Pteropodidae (Tables 6 and 7)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 65-66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1959 a) La famille Gastronyssidae Fain, 1956. Description de deux nouvelles especes chez des chauves-souris asiatiques (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 35, 1 - 22.","Fain, A. (1959 b) Gastronyssidae recoltes sur les chauves-souris du Musee royal du Congo belge, a Tervuren. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines, 59, 158 - 160.","Fain, A. (1959 d) Further notes on nasal mites from South Africa, with description of a new genus and five new species. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 22, 18 - 34.","Fain, A. (1964 b) Chaetotaxie et classification des Gastronyssidae avec description d'un nouveau genre parasite nasicole d'un ecureuil sudafricain (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines, 70, 40 - 52.","Fain, A. (1956) Une nouvelle famille d'acariens endoparasites des chauves-souris: Gastronyssidae fam. nov. (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Annales de la Societe Belge de Medicine Tropicale, 36, 87 - 98."]}

5. Rodhainyssus surinamensis Fain et Lukoschus, 1972 (Fig. 23) Rodhainyssus surinamensis Fain & Lukoschus 1972: 85, figs. 63–66. Redescription. FEMALE (paratype). Body, including gnathosoma, 350 long, 140 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum tongue-like, 9 long, 9 wide. Propodonotal shield length 45, maximum width 55. Dorsal and ventral surface of hysterosoma finely and regularly striated. Setae si, c2 and f2 present. Distance se–se 63. Punctate areas between setae h2 and h3 present. Sternum 25 long, its posterior end not connected with apodemes II. Posterior projections of coxal fields I tongue-like, 14 long, 13 wide. Distal ends of apodemes II connected with posterior apodemes of coxal fields II by sclerotized band. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II distinctly developed, fused with epigynum. Apodemes III not fused with epigynum. Epigynum 3 long, 9 wide. Setae 4b situated posterior to epigynum. Apodemes IV connected with sclerotized fields of oviporus by narrow and weakly sclerotized interrupted bands. Inseminatory canal 18 long, opening terminal. Legs III–IV subequal in length, 115 and 125 long, respectively. Trochanters I–II without ventral folds; trochanters III–IV with distinct transverse “sinusoidal”–shaped crests ventrally. Setal lengths: se 9, h2 245, 1a 8, 3a 18, vF I–II about 55, cG I– II about 7–8, mG I–II about 30, d I–II about 30, d III–IV about 35. MALE (paratype). Body, including gnathosoma, 290 long, 110 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum tongue-like, 8 long, 7 wide. Propodonotal shield length 52, maximum width 55. Dorsal and ventral surface of hysterosoma finely and regularly striated. Setae si, c2, and f2 present, setae ps2 absent. Distance se–se 57. Punctate areas between setae h2 and h3 present. Sternum 27 long, its posterior end not connected with apodemes II. Posterior projections of coxal fields I tongue-like, 13 long, 11 wide. Distal ends of apodemes II distinctly developed, connected with posterior apodemes of coxal fields II by sclerotized band. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II distinctly developed, their distal ends closely situated to each other but not fused. Apodemes III and IV free. Pregenital apodeme 3 long, 27 wide, with posterior median projection. Setae 4b situated on pregenital apodeme. Aedeagus 45 long. Legs III–IV subequal in length, 105 and 120 long, respectively. Trochanters I–II without ventral folds; trochanters III–IV with distinct transverse crests ventrally. Setal lengths: se 10, h2 170, 1a 6, 3a 9, vF I–II about 60, cG I–II about 7, mG I–II about 45, d I–II about 30, d III–IV about 50. Type material examined. One female and 1 male paratypes (IRSNB) from Eptesicus “ melanopterus ” (Vespertilionidae) [see remarks], SURINAME: Commewijne, Welgedacht estate, 05°48'N, 54°59'W, 31 July 1971, coll. F.S. Lukoschus. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in RMNH. Host range and distribution. This species is known from the type host only, E. sp. (fuscus or brasiliensis) from Suriname (Fain & Lukoschus 1972). Remarks. The host species of R. surinamensis, Eptesicus “ melanopterus ” was listed by Fain and Lukoschus (1972) without an author. This species name, however, is not in current use. There are two homonymous epithets “ melanopterus ” both of which are currently considered as junior synonyms of other Eptesicus species, Eptesicus melanopterus Rehn = junior synonym of E. fuscus (Beauvois) and Eptesicus melanopterus Jentink = junior synonym of E. brasiliensis (Desmarest). Since both of these species occur in Suriname, it is impossible to know which Eptesicus species is the type host for R. surinamensis., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 53-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. & Lukoschus, F. S. (1972) Parasitic mites of Surinam. XXVII. Gastronyssidae, Rhinonyssidae and Ereynetidae from the nasal cavities of bats or birds. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 54, 84 - 94."]}

Genus Mortelmansia Fain, 1959 Mortelmansia Fain 1959e: 470; 1964c: 453. Type species: Mortelmansia longus Fain, 1959, by original designation. Diagnosis. ADULTS. Idiosoma 3–4 times as long as wide. Tarsi III–IV with well developed pretarsi in females and with strongly reduced pretarsi in males. Idiosomal setation (see Table 1): setae ps3 absent in males; alveoli e1 and h1 present or absent; setae se, 1a, 3a, h2 all filiform; si, c2, 4a, g all alveoli or microsetae. Leg setation (see Tables 2 and 3): setae r III–IV and kT IV absent; setae d I–IV, cG I, mG I–II, vF I–II all filiform, setae d I–IV subequal or longer to respective tarsi; r I–II alveoli; all other setae short spines. Female. Bursa copulatrix narrow. Posterogynal fold with or without sclerites. Opisthogastric shield entire, distinctly developed. MALE. Aedeagus narrow. Species included: M. brevis, M. duboisi, M. longus. Host range and distribution. Three known species of this genus have been collected from the nasal passages of South American primates (Primates) of the families Cebidae and Callitrichidae (see Table 6)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 132-135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1959 e) Deux nouveaux acariens nasicoles chez un singe platyrrhinien Saimiri sciurea (L.) (Lemurnyssidae: Sarcoptiformes). Bulletin de la Societe Royale de Zoologie d'Anvers, 12, 3 - 12.","Fain, A. (1964 c) Les Lemurnyssidae parasites nasicoles des Lorisidae africains et des Cebidae sud-americains. Description d'une espece nouvelle (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Annales de la Societe Belge de Medicine Tropicale, 44, 453 - 458."]}

12. Yunkeracarus faini Hyland et Clark, 1959 (Figs. 68, 69) Yunkeracarus faini Hyland & Clark 1959: 365; Fain et al. 1967: 79; Smith et al. 1985: 481; Zabludovskaya 1989: 64, 1990: 35. Redescription. FEMALE (holotype). Body, including gnathosoma, 335 long (350) in one specimen), 200 wide (180). Propodonotal shield with widely rounded posterior margin, length 60 (62), maximum width 65 (65). Setae si 26 long (27), subequal to se 24 long (26). Distance se–se 65 (55), about 7 times greater than si– si, 9 (8). Bursa copulatrix opening dorsal. Sternum 22 long (19). Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly widened, 9 long (9) and 23 wide (26). Distance between distal ends of apodemes II about 30 (23). Two pair of weakly developed folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Distance 4a–4a 25 (30), 1.3–1.5 times greater than ps3–ps3, 16 (24). Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, 115 (105) and 130(120) long, respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I–II microspines, 2 long (in non-type specimen setae cG I filiform, 10 long). Setal lengths: 1a 13 (14), c3 15 (17), cp 27 (28), h2 120 (110), vF I 23 (18), vF II 27 (23), mG I 25 (23), mG II 28 (25), gTI–II 2–3, solenidia ϕI–II about 9, ω 1 I–II 9–10. MALE (1 specimen). Body, including gnathosoma, 315 long, 145 wide. Propodonotum as in female. Propodonotal shield 57 long, 60 maximum wide. Setae si 22 long, subequal to se, 20 long, respectively. Distance se–se 48, about 5 times greater than si–si, 9. Sternum 16 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly widened, 10 long, 23 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II 23. Two pairs of weakly developed folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Aedeagus very short 22 long, its posterior end far not reaching to level of setae 4a, distance between posterior end of aedeagus and level of setae g 13. Length and width of postgenital shield subequal, about 25. Distance g–g 18, 2 times greater than ps3–ps3, 9. Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 105 and 110 long, respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I–II microspines, about 2 long. Setal lengths: 1a 10, c3 12, cp 18, h2 85, vF I 20, vF II 22, mG I–II about 18, gT I–II about 2, solenidia ϕI–II 8, ω 1 I–II 10. Measurements of female specimens from Peromyscus mexicanus (3 specimens). Body, including gnathosoma, 310–330 long, 152–160 wide. Propodonotal shield with widely rounded posterior margin, length 40– 45, maximum width 50–55. Setae si 20–22 long, subequal to se 22–23 long. Distance se–se 50–57, 7 times greater than si–si, 7–8. Bursa copulatrix opening dorsal. Sternum about 18 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly widened, about 9 long, 22 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II about 25. Several weakly developed folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Distance 4a–4a 29–30, 1.7 times greater than ps3–ps3, 17–18. Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 105 and 120 long, respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I filiform, 8–9 long, cG II microspines, about 2 long. Setal lengths: 1a about 10, c3 17–18, cp 23–24, h2 about 95, vF I 20–23, vF II 27– 28, mG I 23–27, mG II 27–28, gT I–II about 3, solenidia ϕI–II 10–11, ω 1 I–II 7–8. Type material examined. Female holotype (USNM) ex Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque) (Cricetidae), USA: Michigan, Barry County, 5 miles NE of Kellogg Gull Lake Biological Station, 3 July 1958, coll. D. Clark. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in USNM. Non-type material examined. One male and 1 female (UMMZ) (MH 77-1016 A) ex Peromyscus leucopus, USA: New York, Schuler Co., Arnot Forest, 16 October 1977, coll. M. Huybensz; 4 females (UMMZ, FMNH) (BMOC 87-0903 - 013) ex Peromyscus mexicanus (Saussure) (= nudipes) (FMNH 128534), COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Prov, Monteverde, 1570m, 10º00'N, 84º50'W, 1 May 1986, coll. R.M. Timm (RMT 3724). Host range and distribution. This species is known from Peromyscus leucopus from USA (Michigan and New York) (Hyland & Clark 1959; our data) and Peromyscus mexicanus from Costa Rica (new host). Remarks. Y. faini has been described from three female and one?nymphal specimens (Hyland & Clark 1959). According to the original description and our observations, the female holotype and a single collected male of Y. faini from the type host bear microspines cG I. Fain et al. (1967), who examined the two remaining paratypes, reported filiform setae cG I in these specimens. We also observed filiform setae cG I in a single female from the type host (see material). Unfortunately we were not able to examine female paratypes of this species because their present depository is unknown and they are probably lost. Thus, it is still unclear whether the holotype is an aberrant specimen, the shape of setae cG I is sexually dimorphic, or in females of Y. faini the shape of this seta is variable. Specimens from Peromyscus mexicanus differ slightly from mites from the type host by smaller sizes (see descriptions) and the length ratio of cp/c3 setae (1.3:1 vs. 1.7–1.8: 1 in specimens from Peromyscus leucopus). Additional collections from these hosts are necessary to clarify the status of specimens from P. mexicanus., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 126-127, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Hyland, K. E. & Clark, D. T. (1959) The occurrence of the genus Yunkeracarus in North America (Acarina: Epidermoptidae). Acarologia, 1, 365 - 369.","Fain, A., Lukoschus, F. S. & Ah, H. S. (1967) Note sur un acarien du genre Yunkeracarus Fain, 1957 (Gastronyssidae: Sarcoptiformes). Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia, 43, 79 - 83.","Smith, M., Whitaker, J. O., Jr. & Giessen, K. M. (1985) Yunkeracarus microti n. sp. (Acari: Gastronyssidae) from the nasal passage of the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus. The Journal of Parasitology, 71, 481 - 184.","Zabludovskaya, S. A. (1989) A new species of the genus Yunkeracarus from Ukraine (Acariformes, Gastronyssidae) - parasites of the nasal cavities of rodents. Vestnik zoologii, 2, 64 - 66. [in Russian]","Zabludovskaya, S. A. (1990) Mites of the genus Yunkeracarus (Acariformes, Gastronyssidae) - parasites of the nasal cavities of rodents. Vestnik zoologii, 4, 32 - 35. [in Russian]"]}

9. Yunkeracarus microti Smith, Whitaker et Giesen, 1985 (Fig. 64) Yunkeracarus microti Smith et al. 1985: 481, figs. 1–7; Zabludovskaya 1989: 64, 1990: 35. Redescription. FEMALE (holotype). Body, including gnathosoma, 370 long (320–370 in 5 specimens from Microtus pennsylvanicus), 200 wide (170–210). Propodonotal shield with widely rounded posterior margin, length 65, maximum width 65. Setae si 28 long, subequal to se 26 long. Distance se–se 80 (70–85), 4.5 times greater than si–si, 17 (13–19). Bursa copulatrix opening dorsal. Sternum about 19 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly developed, about 10 long, 15 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II 30. Two pairs of weakly developed folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Distance 4a–4a 22, 1.4 times greater than ps3–ps3, 16. Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 120 and 130 long, respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I filiform, about 13 long, cG II microspines, about 2 long. Setal lengths: 1a 12–13, c3 17 (16–18), cp 18 (18–23), h2 155 (140–155), vF I 18– 20, vF II 25–30, mG I–II 22–25, gT I–II 3, solenidion ϕI–II about 7, ω 1 I–II about 10. MALE (paratype). Body, including gnathosoma, 345 long, 175 wide. Propodonotum as in female. Propodonotal shield 55 long, 65 maximum wide. Setae si 35 long, 1.4 times longer than se, 25 long. Distance se–se 65, more than 5 times greater than si–si, 12. Sternum 17 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly developed, 9 long, 13 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II 25. Two pairs of weakly developed folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Aedeagus 45 long, its posterior end situated at level of setae g. Length and width of postgenital shield subequal, about 23. Distance g–g 20, 4 times greater than ps3–ps3, 5. Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 120 and 130 long, respectively. Setae cG I filiform, about 9 long, cG II microspines, about 2 long. Setal lengths: 1a 11, c3 17, cp 18, h2 140, vF I 18, vF II 21, mG I–II 22–25, gT I–II about 2, solenidion ϕI–II about 6, ω 1 I–II about 10. Type material examined. Female holotype (USNM) and male paratype (allotype) (USNM) ex Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord) (Cricetidae), USA: Pennsylvania, Huntingdon Co., Juniata College Biological Field Station, 40°37'N, 78°7'W, 30 July 1982, coll. M. Smith. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in USNM. Non-type material examined. One female [in poor condition], 2 tritonymphs, 5 protonymphs, and 1 larva (UMMZ) (BMOC 77-0520 - 001) ex Microtus pennsylvanicus, USA: New York, Tompkins Co., Connecticut Hill, 42°23'N, 76°40'W, 20 May 1977, coll. B. M. OConnor; 1 female (UMMZ) (BMOC 74-0606 - 001 e) ex same host, USA: New York, Tompkins Co., Ithaca, Savage Farm Dr., 42°26'N, 76°29'W, 6 June 1974, B.M. OConnor; 5 females (UMMZ) (BMOC 77-0903 - 001) [in poor condition] ex same host, USA: New York, Tompkins Co., Ithaca, Judd Falls Rd., 3 September 1977, coll. B.M. OConnor; 1 female (IRSNB) ex same host, USA: Michigan, Ingham Co., E. Lansing, 42°44'N, 84°29'W; 1 May 1959, coll. M. Geiger; 2 females and 1 male (IRSNB) ex Microtus arvalis (Pallas), NETHERLANDS: Gederland Prov., Nijmegen, 51°50'N, 05°52'E, 22 January 1971, coll. F. Lukoschus. Host range and distribution. This species is known from voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus (type host) from USA (Pennsylvania, New York, Michigan) (Smith et al. 1985), and Microtus arvalis from the Netherlands (new record)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 120-122, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Smith, M., Whitaker, J. O., Jr. & Giessen, K. M. (1985) Yunkeracarus microti n. sp. (Acari: Gastronyssidae) from the nasal passage of the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus. The Journal of Parasitology, 71, 481 - 184.","Zabludovskaya, S. A. (1989) A new species of the genus Yunkeracarus from Ukraine (Acariformes, Gastronyssidae) - parasites of the nasal cavities of rodents. Vestnik zoologii, 2, 64 - 66. [in Russian]","Zabludovskaya, S. A. (1990) Mites of the genus Yunkeracarus (Acariformes, Gastronyssidae) - parasites of the nasal cavities of rodents. Vestnik zoologii, 4, 32 - 35. [in Russian]"]}

1. Mycteronyssus polli Fain, 1959 (Fig. 42) Mycteronyssus polli Fain 1959c: 285, fig. 1, 1964: 42, 1967: 34. Redescription. FEMALE (paratype). Body, including gnathosoma, 305 long, 165 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum 35 long. Propodonotal shield length 65, maximum width 68. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield widely rounded. Setae se 9 long. Distance se–se 95, subequal to si–si, 80. Bursa copulatrix opening terminal. Sternum about 50 long. Distance 4a–4a 28, 1.3 times greater than ps3–ps3, 22. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 120 and 135 long respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I–II microspines, about 3 long. Solenidia ϕIV and setae kT IV absent. Setal lengths: 1a 7, h2 48, vF I–II about 15, mG I–II about 8, gT I–II about 9, ϕI–II about 3. MALE. Unknown. Type material examined. One female paratype (IRSNB) from Hypsignathus monstrosus Allen (Pteropodidae), DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: near stream of Epulu, 01°15'N, 28°21'E, September 1956, coll. Poll. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in MRAC. Non-type material examined. One female (BMOC 86-0224-015) from Epomophorus wahlbergi (Sundevall) (Pteropodidae) (FMNH 81722), ANGOLA: Cuanza Norte, 30 km W Camabatela, Canzele, 08°19'S, 15°11'E, 1954, coll. G.H. Heinrich (GHH 8155). Host range and distribution. This species parasitizes megachiropterans in tropical Africa, Hypsignathus monstrosus (type host) from the Democratic Republic of Congo (Fain 1959c) and Epomophorus wahlbergi from Angola (our data)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 89-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1959 c) Mycteronyssus polli n. g., n. sp., nouvel acarien nasicole de l ' Hypsignathus monstrosus H. Allen, au Congo Belge. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines, 59, 284 - 286."]}

2. Gastronyssus philippinensis Bochkov et OConnor sp. nov. (Fig. 15) Description. FEMALE (holotype). Body 1850 long (1580–1870 in 10 paratypes), 350 wide (340–350). Propodonotal shield length 105 (95–105), maximum width 115 (105–115). Sternum 120 long (110–120). Apodemes II fused to each other only at distal ends. Inseminatory canal about 60 long. Tibiae I–II 80 long (70– 80); tibiae III–IV 60 long (55–60); all tibiae about 3 times longer than respective genua. Length/width (at base of segment) ratio of tibiae I–II about 1:3; tibiae III–IV 1:4. Setae r III–IV very small. Setal lengths: 1a 11–12, h2 15–16, vF I–II about 4, cG I–II about 5, mG I–II about 6, gT I–II about 5, ϕI–II about 5, r I–II about 25, w I–II about 9. MALE (1 paratype). Body 1110 long, 350 wide. Propodonotal shield length 100, maximum width 110. Sternum 125 long. Apodemes II fused to each other only by their distal ends. Aedeagus about 80 long. Vestiges of setae 4b present. Vestiges of setae ps3 situated on nipple-like protrusions. Tibiae I–II 65 long, about 2.5 times longer than respective genua; tibiae III 85 long, 2.5 times shorter than respective genua, tibiae IV about 100 long, 2 times shorter than respective genua, bearing dorso-apical tubercle. Length/width (at base of segment) ratio of tibiae I–II about 1:3; tibiae III–IV 1:5. Genu IV with ventro-apical spur. Setae r III–IV very small. Setal lengths: 1a 13, h2 12, vF I–II about 3, cG I–II about 4, mG I–II about 5, gT I–II about 4, ϕI–II about 4, r I–II about 23, w I–II about 6. Type material examined. Female holotype, 18 female, 1 male, 6 larvae, 3 protonymph, and 1 tritonymph paratypes (BMOC 83-1600-104) from Harpyionycteris whiteheadi Thomas (Pteropodidae) (UMMZ 158839) [stomach], PHILIPPINES: Negros Oriental, Mt. Guinsayawan, 09°45'N, 123°00'E, 11 June 1983, P. Heideman (PDH 2075). Type deposition. Holotype and most of paratypes in UMMZ, two female paratypes in NMP, one female paratype in IRSNB, 1 female paratype in OSAL, one female paratype in ZISP, 1 female, 1 larva paratypes in USNM. Non-type material examined. One larva (HK 88-0202-002) from Haplonycteris fischeri Lawrence (Pteropodidae) (UMMZ 159911) [intranasal], PHILIPPINES: Negros Oriental, Sibulan Municip., Lake Balinsasayao, 3km N, 14km W. Dumaguete, 850m., 09°21'N 123°11'E, 10 December 1982, P.D. Heideman (PDH 1224); 2 larvae (HK 87-0510-005) from Ptenochirus jagori (Peters) (Pteropodidae) (USNM 459201) [mouth], PHILIPPINES: Negros Oriental, 9km N, 4km W Dumaguete, 600m, 09°23'N 123°11'E, 10 May 1987, coll. E.A. Rickart (EAR 1567); 1 larva (HK 86-0425-001) from Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy) (Pteropodidae) (UMMZ 161504) [intranasal], PHILIPPINES: Negros Oriental, Dumaguete City, 09°18'N, 123°18'E, 5m., 23 August 1982, P.D. Heideman (PDH 750). Host range and distribution. This species is known for certain from the type host, Harpyionycteris whiteheadi, from the Philippines. Larvae collected from pteropodids Haplonycteris fischeri, Ptenochirus jagori and Rousettus amplexicaudatus are tentatively assigned to this species. Recovery of larvae in the mouth and nasal cavities of the hosts indicates that this is the dispersing stage. Etymology. The species name is derived from the country of origin and is a noun in apposition. Remarks. This new species differs from G. bakeri by the following characters. In both sexes of G. philippinensis sp. nov., apodemes II are fused to each other only by their distal ends, setae r III–IV are very short, microspines; in females the body length is 1580–1870 long, the length/width (at the base of the segment) ratio of tibiae I–II is about 1:3 and tibiae III–IV is 1:4, setae r I–II are about 25; in males the body length is 1110 long, the length/width (at the base of the segment) ratio of tibiae I–II is about 1:3 and tibiae III–IV is 1:5, tibiae IV are with the dorso-apical tubercle, genua IV are with the ventro-apical spur, setae r I–II are about 23 long. In both sexes of G. bakeri, apodemes II are fused to each other in their posterior third, setae r III–IV are claw-like, distinctly developed; in females the body length is 970–1230 long, the length/width (at the base of the segment) ratio of tibiae I–II is about 1:2 and tibiae III–IV is 1:3, setae r I–II are about 13; in males the body length is 730–745 long, the length/width (at the base of the segment) ratio of tibiae I–II is about 1:2 and tibiae III–IV is 1:3, tibiae IV are without the dorso-apical tubercle, genua IV are without the ventro-apical spur, setae r I–II are about 17.

1. Lemurnyssus galagoensis Fain, 1957 (Figs. 71, 72) Lemurnyssus galagoensis Fain 1957a: 471, figs. 1– 7, 1959e: 11, fig. 12, 1964c: 456. Redescription. FEMALE (4 paratypes). Body, including gnathosoma, 340–350 long, 115–120 wide. Most of idiosomal and leg surfaces covered by non-striate pattern as depicted in Fig. 71A. Sternum 33–35 long. Apodemes II 65–70 long. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II 17–20. Legs III and IV subequal, about 90 long (excluding pretarsi). Setal lengths: h2 25–30 1a 4–5, 3a 3–4, 4a 2–3, vF I–II 7–8, cG I–II 7–8, mG I–II 8– 9, gT I–II about 5, d I–II about 40, d III–IV 12–15, solenidia ω 1 I 11–12, ω 1 II 15–17, ϕI–II 8–9, ϕIII–IV 2–3. MALE (2 paratypes). Body, including gnathosoma, 250–260 long, 87–95 wide. Idiosomal surface weakly sclerotized. Setae ps3 microsetae. Aedeagus about 40 long. Sternum 19–20 long. Apodemes II 40–45 long. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II 17–19. Legs III and IV subequal, about 65 long (excluding pretarsi). Setal lengths: h2 12–14, 1a 4–5, 3a 3–4, 4a 2–3, vF I–II 5–6, cG I–II 4–5, mG I–II 5–7, gT I–II about 4, d I–II about 20, d III–IV 9–12, solenidia ω 1 I 8–9, ω 1 II 10–12, ϕI–II 6–7, ϕIII–IV 2–3. Type material examined. One female (OSAL 2317) and 1 male (IRSNB) paratypes from Galago moholi, RWANDA: Kigali, Bugesera, 02°08'44"S, 30°05'29"E, October 1954, coll. unknown; 2 female (OSAL 2314 and 2315), 1 female (IRSNB), 1 male (OSAL 2316), and 1 tritonymph (IRSNB) [in poor condition] paratypes from same host, RWANDA: Akanyaru river, 02°04'32"S, 30°01'04"E, December 1955, coll. unknown. Type deposition. The holotype was stated to be deposited in MRAC but could not be located in that institution. Host range and distribution. This species is known only from the type series collected from Galago moholi from Rwanda (Fain 1957a)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on page 132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1957 a) Notes sur l'acariase des voies respiratoires chez l'homme et les animaux. Description de deux nouveaux acariens chez un lemurien et des rongeurs. Annales de la Societe Belge de Medicine Tropicale, 37, 469 - 482."]}

Genus Phyllostomonyssus Fain, 1970 Fain 1970: 160; Fain & Lukoschus 1972: 89. Type species: Phyllostomonyssus conradyunkeri Fain, 1970, by original designation. Diagnosis. With characteristics of tribe. Species included: type species only. Host range and distribution. The single species so far known in this genus parasitizes the nasal passages of phyllostomid bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in South America (see Tables 6 and 7)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1970) Un nouveau genre et une nouvelle espece dans la sous-famille Rodnhainyssidae (Sarcoptiformes: Gastronyssidae). Acarologia, 12, 160 - 163.","Fain, A. & Lukoschus, F. S. (1972) Parasitic mites of Surinam. XXVII. Gastronyssidae, Rhinonyssidae and Ereynetidae from the nasal cavities of bats or birds. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 54, 84 - 94."]}

7. Yunkeracarus otomys Bochkov et OConnor sp. nov. (Fig. 62) Description. FEMALE (holotype). Body, including gnathosoma, 380 long (370–380 in 5 paratypes), 200 wide (175–200). Propodonotal shield with widely rounded posterior margin, length 57 (52–58), maximum width 65 (55–65). Propodonotal region covered by rectangular-like ornamentation. Setae si and se subequal in length, 18 (18–20) and 19 long (19–22), respectively. Distance se–se 70 (65–72), 5–6 times greater than si–si, 11 (8–12). Bursa copulatrix opening terminal. Sternum about 22 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly developed, about 9 long, 17 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II about 35. Two pairs of distinct folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Distance 4a–4a 40 (30–40), subequal or 1.1–1.5 times greater than ps3–ps3, 25 (22–30). Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 135 and 160 long, respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I–II microspines, about 2 long. Setal lengths: 1a 10 (10–12), c3 17 (13–17), cp 17 (13–18), h2 150 (140–160), vF I–II about 18, mG I–II about 27, gT I–II about 3, solenidia ϕI–II about 10, ω 1 I–II about 9. MALE (2 paratypes): Body, including gnathosoma, 350–355 long, 157–165 wide. Propodonotum as in female. Propodonotal shield 52–55 long, 53-55 maximum wide. Setae si and se subequal in length, 15–18 and 17–22 long, respectively. Distance se–se 57–60, about 4 times greater than si–si, 12–13. Sternum about 15 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I very short and wide, about 9 long, 15 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II about 22. Two pairs of distinct folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Aedeagus about 40 long, its posterior end situated at level of setae g. Length/width ratio of postgenital shield 1: 1.4, about 25 long, 35 wide. Distance g–g 22–23, about 2.5 times greater than ps3–ps3, 8–9. Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 125 and 135 long, respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I–II microspines, about 2 long. Setal lengths: 1a 12–13, c3 13–18, cp 15–23, h2 130–135, vF I–II about 17, mG I–II 30–35, gTI–II about 3, solenidia ϕI–II about 10, ω 1 I–II about 7. Type material examined. Female holotype, 2 female, 2 male, and 1 tritonymph paratypes (BMOC 91- 1350 - 114) ex Otomys typus Heuglin (Muridae) (FMNH 144339), UGANDA: Western Prov., Kasese Dist., Rwenzori Mts, Lake Bujuku, Bujuku Hut, 3950m, 6 May 1991, coll. J.C. Kerbis (JCK 2192); 3 female paratypes (BMOC 91-1350 - 115) ex O. typus (FMNH 144340), same locality, 6 May 1991, coll. J.C. Kerbis (JCK 2193). Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes are deposited in FMNH, other paratypes in UMMZ. Host range and distribution. This species is known only from the type host, Otomys typus, from Uganda. Etymology. The species name is derived from the generic name of the host and is a noun in apposition. Remarks. This new species is closely related to Y. apodemi. In both species, setae si and se are subequal, the distance si–si, is short, about five times shorter than se–se; setae cG I–II are microspines, about 2 long. It differs from Y. apodemi by the following characters. In both sexes of Y. otomys, the body length, including the gnathosoma, is 370–380 in females and 350–355 in males; in females, setae si and se are 18–20 and 19–22 long, respectively, setae c3 and cp are subequal in the length. In both sexes of Y. apodemi, the body length, including the gnathosoma, is 305–330 in females and 310–320 in males; in females, setae si and se are 26–35 and 26–30 long, respectively, setae cp are about 2 times longer than c3. The new species is also close to Y. lophuromys and differs from this species by the bursa copulatrix opening terminally, the short distance between setae si–si, 9–12 long, and by the subequal lengths of c3 and cp setae. In Y. lophuromys, the bursa copulatrix opens dorsally, the distance between setae si–si is relatively long, 20–25, and setae c3 are about 2 times shorter than cp., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 117-118, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616

11. Yunkeracarus alticola Zabludovskaya sp. nov. (Fig. 67) Description. FEMALE (holotype). Body, including gnathosoma, 285 long (335 in paratype), 160 wide (180). Propodonotal shield with widely rounded posterior margin, length 69 (50), maximum width 56 (52). Setae si 36 long (30), subequal to se 30 long (35). Distance se–se 69 (60), about 4.5–5 times greater than si–si, 15 (11). Bursa copulatrix opening dorsal. Sternum 16 long (18). Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly developed, about 10 long, 17 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II 18 (22). Two pairs of weakly developed folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Distance 4a–4a 29 (20), subequal or 1.9 times longer than ps3–ps3, 15 (18). Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 115 and 130 long, respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I filiform, 9–10 long, cG II microspines, about 3 long. Setal lengths: 1a 13 (10), c3 14 (14), cp 34 (28), h2 145 (130), vF I 21 (20), vF II 35 (30), mG I–II 27 (29), gTI–II about 4, solenidia ϕI–II 9 (8), ω 1 I–II 8 (10). MALE (paratype). Body, including gnathosoma, 280 long, 145 wide. Propodonotum as in female. Propodonotal shield 50 long, 53 maximum wide. Setae si 35 long, subequal to se, 30 long. Distance se–se 52, 5–6 times greater than si–si, 9. Sternum 15 long. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly developed, 9 long, 17 wide. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II 17. Two pairs ofweakly developed folds present ventrally on propodosoma posterior to coxal fields II. Posterior end of aedeagus situated at level of setae g. Length and width of postgenital shield subequal, about 22. Distance g–g 13, about 3 times greater than ps3– ps3, 4. Alveoli of setae h1 and h3 absent. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 110 and 125 long, respectively (excluding pretarsus). Setae cG I filiform, 9 long, cG II microspines, about 2 long. Setal lengths: 1a about 13, c3 13, cp 26, h2 125, vF I 18, vF II 19, mG I 22, mG II 25, gTI–II about 3, solenidia ϕI–II about 9, ω 1 I–II about 10. Type material examined. Female holotype (SIZ 52 /66.8), female (SIZ 50 /66.8) and male (SIZ 50 /66.8.1) paratypes ex Alticola argentatus (Severtzov) (Critetidae), KIRGHIZIA: Kuvaki pass, Kok-Tundy tract, 40°50'N, 73°37'E, 2200 m, date unknown, coll. A. Kharadov. Type deposition. Holotype and both paratypes are deposited in SIZ. Host range and distribution. This species is known only from the type host, Alticola argentatus, from Kirghizia. Etymology. The species name is derived from the generic name of the host and is a noun in apposition. Remarks. This new species is closely related to Y. ascanicus. In both sexes of these two species setae cG I are filiform, setae cp are more than 1.5 times longer than c3, the posterior projections of coxal fields I are about 1.9 times wider than long; in males the basal part of the aedeagus is situated at the level of setae 4a. It differs from Y. ascanicus by the following characters. In both sexes of Y. alticola setae cp are 2 times longer than c3. In both sexes of Y. ascanicus setae cp are 1.6–1.8 times longer than c3., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 124-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616

Genus Pneumocoptes Baker, 1951 Baker 1951: 584; Doby 1963: 963; Doby et al. 1964: 202; Loos-Frank & Abel 1983: 539; Kouchakij & Loos-Frank 1984: 673. Type species: Cytoleichus penrosei Weidman, 1917, by original designation. Diagnosis. With characteristics of family. Species included: P. jellisoni, P. penrosei, P. tiollaisi, P. banksi (?). Host range and distribution. Species of this genus parasitize the lungs of rodents in Europe and North America (see Table 6)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on page 144, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Baker, E. (1951) Pneumocoptes, a new genus of lung-inhabiting mite from rodents (Acarina: Epidermoptidae). The Journal of Parasitology, 37, 583 - 586.","Doby, J. - M. (1963) Pneumocoptes tiollaisi, n. sp. (acarien parasite du poumon de Clethrionomys glareolus), premiere espece europeenne du genre Pneumocoptes. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences, Parasitologie, 257, 963 - 965.","Doby, J. - M., Chevrel, M. - L., Rault, B. & Louvet, M. (1964) Acariase pulmonaire du campagnol roussatre par un acarien du genre Pneumocoptes. Annales de Parasitologie (Paris), 39, 201 - 209.","Loos-Frank, B. & Abel, M. (1983) Lung mites (Pneumocoptes sp.) in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) in Southwest Germany. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, Parasitology Research, 69, 539 - 546.","Kouchakij, G. A. & Loos-Frank, B. (1984) The validity and morphology of lung mites of the genus Pneumocoptes (Acari: Astigmata). Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, Parasitology Research, 70, 673 - 683.","Weidman, F. D. (1917) Cytoleichus penrosei, a new arachnoid parasite found in the diseased lungs of a prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus. The Journal of Parasitology, 3, 82 - 89."]}

3. Rodhainyssus longipilis Fain, 1959 (Figs. 18–20) Rodhainyssus yunkeri longipilis Fain 1959a: 6. Rodhainyssus longipilis, Fain 1967: 28; Fain & Lukoschus 1972: 84, figs. 61–62. Redescription. FEMALE (2 paratypes). Body, including gnathosoma, 380–390 long, 117–120 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum tongue-like, about 9 long, 9 wide. Propodonotal shield length 50–55, maximum width 55–57. Dorsal and ventral surface of hysterosoma poorly striated. Setae si and c2 present, setae c2 situated dorsally. Setae f2 absent. Distance se–se 57–59. Punctate areas between setae h2 and h3 present. Sternum about 27 long, its apex not connected with apodemes II. Posterior projections of coxal fields I tongue like, about 14 long, 15 wide. Distal ends of apodemes II connected with posterior apodemes of coxal fields II by sclerotized band. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II distinctly developed, fused with epigynum. Apodemes III not fused with epigynum. Epigynum about 9 long, 8 wide. Setae 4b situated posterior to epigynum. Apodemes IV connected with sclerotized fields of oviporus by narrow and weakly sclerotized interrupted bands. Inseminatory canal about 20 long, opening terminal. Legs III–IV subequal in length, about 135 long. Trochanters I–II without ventral folds; trochanters III–IV with distinct, bracket-like ventral folds. Setal lengths: se 17–18, h2 210–220, 1a 9–10, 3a 19–20, vF I–II 95–100, cG I–II 10–12, mG I–II 80–85, d I–II about 70, d III– IV about 80. MALE (2 specimens from M. molossus). Body, including gnathosoma, 356 long, 130 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum tongue-like, about 12 long, 7 wide. Propodonotal shield length 52, maximum width 55. Dorsal and ventral surface of hysterosoma poorly striated. Setae si, c2, and ps2 present, setae c2 situated dorsally, setae f2 absent. Distance se–se 68. Punctate areas between setae h2 and h3 present. Sternum about 27 long, not connected with apodemes II. Posterior projections of coxal fields I tongue-like, about 12 long, 7 wide. Distal ends of apodemes II distinctly developed, connected with posterior apodemes of coxal fields II by sclerotized band. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II weakly sclerotized, fused to each other. Apodemes III and IV free. Pregenital apodeme about 7 long, 32 wide, with narrow posterior median projection. Setae 4b situated on pregenital apodeme. Aedeagus about 37 long. Legs III–IV subequal in length, about 125 and 140 long, respectively. Trochanters I–II without ventral folds; trochanters III–IV with distinct, bracket-like, ventral folds. Setal lengths: se 8–9, h2 130–140, 1a 9–10, 3a 11–12, vF I–II about 90, cG I–II about 13, mG I–II about 80, d I–II about 80, d III–IV about 90. Type material examined. Two female paratypes (IRSNB) from Molossops planirostris (Peters) (Molossidae), SURINAME: other data unknown. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in IRSNB. Non-type material examined. Five females, 3 males, and 1 tritonymph (IRSNB) from Molossus molossus (Pallas) (Molossidae), SURINAME: Commewijne, Meerzorg, 05°49'N, 55°09'W, 26 August 1971, coll. F.S. Lukoschus. Host range and distribution. This species parasitizes molossid bats from Suriname Molossops planirostris (type host) and Molossus molossus (Fain 1959a; Fain & Lukoschus 1972)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1959 a) La famille Gastronyssidae Fain, 1956. Description de deux nouvelles especes chez des chauves-souris asiatiques (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 35, 1 - 22.","Fain, A. & Lukoschus, F. S. (1972) Parasitic mites of Surinam. XXVII. Gastronyssidae, Rhinonyssidae and Ereynetidae from the nasal cavities of bats or birds. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 54, 84 - 94."]}

Family Pneumocoptidae Baker, Camin, Cunliffe, Woolley et Yunker, 1958 Baker et al. 1958: 164. Type genus: Pneumocoptes Baker, 1951. Diagnosis. ADULTS. Sexual dimorphism weakly expressed. Males only slightly smaller than females. Gnathosoma in terminal position, separated from propodonotal shield and apodemes I. Palps with 2 segments bearing setae dp and v, and solenidion ω; setae da and eupathidia absent. Subcapitulum without ventral projections or setae subc.; setae elc.p. present, filiform, as long as palps. Chelicerae chelate; fixed digit with 3 teeth; movable digit with 2 teeth; other cheliceral structures absent. Idiosoma oval in outline. Remnants of sejugal furrow indistinct. Supracoxal glands and setae scx absent. Propodonotal and hysteronotal shields present, distinctly developed. Propodonotal shield with short longitudinal apodeme between bases of setae si. Small postanal sclerite present terminally. Opisthosoma weakly developed and legs IV inserted very close to posterior body margin. Apodemes I fused, Y-shaped. Apodemes II fused to each other or their distal ends closely situated. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II fused to each other and often with apodemes II in median part of idiosoma. Apodemes III fused to each other; coxal fields III closed. Apodemes IV angled. Median sclerite absent. Coxal fields sclerotized. Genital papillae absent. Anal opening situated ventrally, close to posterior margin of opisthosoma. Legs normally developed, with 5 free podomeres. Trochanters and femora III–IV joining at right angles. Tibiae and tarsi subequal in length. Tibiae I–II each with small dorsal spur “guarding” solenidion ϕ. All tarsi bearing pretarsus. Sclerites of pretarsi indiscernible (reduced).Idiosomal setation (see Table 1): si alveoli, se distinct, filiform; c2, cp, and c3 all alveoli; 1a and 3a short filiform; 4a, 4b, and g all alveoli; alveoli ps3 present only in males. Leg setation (see Tables 2 and 3): setae ba I–II microsetae, d I–IV filiform, f I–IV membranous with pointed apices, e I–II microsetae, e III–IV alveoli, s I–III spur-like; r I–IV and w I–IV thickened; gT I–II, kT III, cG I–II, mG I–II, vF I–II all short spurs; solenidia ω 1 I–II, and ϕI–III present; solenidion ϕIV present or absent. FEMALE. Bursa copulatrix opening dorsal. Coxal fields distinctly sclerotized. Oviporus situated at level of legs III. Epigynum reduced, completely fused with distal ends of apodemes II. Posterogynal fold of oviporus distinctly developed, smooth. Median fold without sclerites. Distinct opisthogastric shield present posterior to oviporus. MALE. Coxal fields weakly sclerotized. Aedeagus situated ventrally at level of legs III. Post-dorsal apodeme of aedeagus distinctly developed. Pregenital apodeme rudimentary, fused with distal ends of apodemes III. Postgenital shield present. Opisthosomal lobes, adanal suckers and adanal shields absent. Setae d IV and e IV not modified into suckers. JUVENILE STAGES. Females ovoviviparous. Setae si, se, c2, cp, c3, 1a, and 3a present in larva; legs as in females, but apodemes III and IV separated. Protonymph unknown. In tritonymph setae 4a, 4b, g, d IV, e IV, f IV, r IV, and w IV present. Apodemes III and IV separated. Genera included: type genus only., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on page 143, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Baker, E. W., Camin, J. N., Cunliffe, F., Woolley, T. A. & Yunker, C. E. (1958) Guide to the families of mites. Institute of Acarology. University of Maryland, College Park., Maryland, 242 pp.","Baker, E. (1951) Pneumocoptes, a new genus of lung-inhabiting mite from rodents (Acarina: Epidermoptidae). The Journal of Parasitology, 37, 583 - 586."]}

11. Rodhainyssus balantiopteryx Fain, 1967 (Fig. 28) Rodhainyssus balantiopteryx Fain 1967: 24, figs. 15–16. Redescription. FEMALE (1 paratype). Body, including gnathosoma, 290 long, 105 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum tongue-like, 7 long, 16 wide. Propodonotal shield length 44, maximum width 45. Dorsal and ventral surface of hysterosoma finely and regularly striated. Setae si and c2 absent, f2 present. Distance se–se 65. Punctate areas between setae h2 and h3 absent. Sternum 23 long, its apex separated from apodemes II. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly widened, 10 long, 26 wide. Distal ends of apodemes II separated from posterior apodemes of coxal fields II. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II short, not fused with epigynum. Apodemes III completely fused with epigynum. Setae 4b situated posterior to epigynum. Apodemes IV connected with sclerotized fields of oviporus by narrow and weakly sclerotized interrupted band. Inseminatory canal 20 long, opening terminal. Legs III–IV subequal in length, about 110 long. Trochanters I– II without ventral folds; trochanters III–IV with distinct transverse crests ventrally. Setal lengths: se 13, h2 190, 1a 7, 3a 9, vF I–II about 23, cG I–II about 6, mG I–II about 13, d I–II about 20, d III–IV about 15. MALE (paratype). Body, including gnathosoma, 250 long, 115 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum tongue-like, 7 long, 16 wide. Propodonotal shield length 40, maximum width 43. Dorsal and ventral surface of hysterosoma finely and regularly striated. Setae si, c2 and ps2 absent, and f2 present. Distance se–se 63. Punctate areas between setae h2 and h3 absent. Sternum 24 long, its apex separated from apodemes II. Posterior projections of coxal fields I distinctly widened, 9 long, 22 wide. Distal ends of apodemes II not connected with posterior apodemes of coxal fields II. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II short, not fused to each other or with pregenital apodeme. Apodemes III fused to each other. Pregenital apodeme 8 long, 9 wide. Setae 4b flanking pregenital apodeme. Aedeagus 45 long, crimped. Legs III–IV subequal in length, about 95 long. Trochanters I–II without ventral folds; trochanters III–IV with distinct transverse crests ventrally. Setal lengths: se 11, h2 80, 1a 6, 3a 11, vF I–II about 19, cG I–II about 7, mG I–II about 13, d I–II about 12, d III–IV about 10. Type material examined. One female, 1 male, and 1 tritonymph paratypes (IRSNB) from Balantiopteryx plicara Peters (Emballonuridae) (USNM), MEXICO: Morelos, Cuernavaca, 18°55'N, 99°15'W, 25 October 1895. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in USNM. Host range and distribution. This species is known only from the type host, Balantiopteryx plicara from Mexico (Fain 1967)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616

1. Phyllostomonyssus conradyunkeri Fain, 1970 (Figs. 49–51) Phyllostomonyssus conradyunkeri Fain 1970: 160, figs. 1–3; Fain & Lukoschus 1972: 89. Redescription. FEMALE (paratype from Artibeus lituratus). Body, including gnathosoma, 250 long, 135 wide. Propodonotal shield length 42, maximum width 40. Distances si–si and se–se 40 and 60, respectively. Sternum 17 long. Distance between distal ends of apodemes II 22. Posterior projections of coxal fields II triangular in outline, 9 long, 8 wide. Inseminatory canal 20 long, opening dorsal. Distances 4a–4a and ps3–ps3 subequal, about 20. Legs III–IV subequal in length, about 90 long. Setal lengths: si 13, se 11, h2 60, 1a 11, vF I–II about 22, cG I–II about 2, mG I–II about 12, gT I–II about 2, solenidia ϕI–II about 2, ω 1 I–II about 3. MALE (paratype from Artibeus jamaicensis). Body, including gnathosoma, 220 long, 120 wide. Propodonotal shield length 40, maximum width 45. Distances si–si and se–se 35 and 57, respectively. Sternum 17 long. Distance between apodemes II 16. Posterior projections of coxal fields II triangular in outline, 8 long, 6 wide. Aedeagus 22 long; length and width of genital shield subequal, about 18. Distance 4a–4a 20, 1.5 times greater than ps3–ps3, 13. Legs III–IV subequal in length, 75 and 85 long, respectively. Setal lengths: si 13, se 12, 1a 9, h2 55, vF I–II about 18, cG I–II about 2, cG I–II about 11, gT I–II about 2, solenidia ϕI–II about 2, ω 1 I–II about 3. Type material examined. One female and 1 tritonymph paratypes (IRSNB) from Artibeus lituratus (Olfers) (Phyllostomidae), VENEZUELA: Zulia, Perija Distr., near Machiques, 10°03'52"N, 72°32'42"W, date unknown, coll. C.E. Yunker; 1 male and 1 female paratypes (IRSNB) from Artibeus jamaicensis Leach, same locality, date unknown, coll. C.E. Yunker. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in USNM. Non-type material examined. One female and 1 male (IRSNB) [incorrectly labeled as paratypes; collected after original description published] from Platyrrhinus helleri (Peters) (Phyllostomidae), SURINAME: Commewijne, Tamanredjo, 05°46'N, 55°00'W, 30 September 1971, coll. F.S. Lukoschus; 2 females (UMMZ) (BMOC 86-0408-046) from Artibeus lituratus (UMMZ 160863), PERU: Cuzco, Kiteni, 12°20'S, 72°50'W, 28 May 1984, coll. P. Myers (PM 5140). Host range and distribution. This species parasitizes phyllostomid bats in South America, Artibeus lituratus (type host) and Artibeus jamaicensis from Venezuela, Surinam, and Peru (Fain 1970; Fain & Lukoschus 1972; our data), Platyrrhinchus helleri and Uroderma bilobatum Peters from Surinam (Fain & Lukoschus 1972)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 98-99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1970) Un nouveau genre et une nouvelle espece dans la sous-famille Rodnhainyssidae (Sarcoptiformes: Gastronyssidae). Acarologia, 12, 160 - 163.","Fain, A. & Lukoschus, F. S. (1972) Parasitic mites of Surinam. XXVII. Gastronyssidae, Rhinonyssidae and Ereynetidae from the nasal cavities of bats or birds. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 54, 84 - 94."]}

8. Rodhainyssus nyctophili Fain, 1967 (Fig. 25G–L) Rodhainyssus yunkeri, Fain 1959a: 4 (in part, misidentification). Rodhainyssus nyctophili Fain 1967: 20, fig. 11. Redescription. FEMALE (paratype). Body, including gnathosoma, 340 long, 145 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum tongue-like, 6 long, 7 wide. Propodonotal shield length 45, maximum width 50. Dorsal and ventral surface of hysterosoma finely and regularly striated. Setae si and c2 present, f2 absent. Distance se–se 55. Punctate areas between setae h2 and h3 present. Sternum 30 long, its apex connected with apodemes II by transverse band. Posterior projections of coxal fields I tongue-like, 14 long, 10 wide. Distal ends of apodemes II connected with posterior apodemes of coxal fields II by sclerotized band. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II distinctly developed, fused with epigynum. Apodemes III not fused with epigynum. Epigynum 3 long, 22 wide. Setae 4b situated on epigynum. Apodemes IV not connected with sclerotized fields of oviporus. Inseminatory canal 13 long, opening dorsal. Legs III–IV subequal in length, about 135 long. Trochanters I–II without ventral folds; trochanters III–IV with distinct “sinusoidal” crests ventrally. Setal lengths: se 8, h2 240, 1a 8, 3a 12, vF I–II about 60, cG I–II about 7, mG I–II about 40, d I–II about 25, d III–IV about 30. MALE. Unknown. Type material examined. One female paratype (IRSNB) from Nyctophilus sp. (Vespertilionidae) (69.5.13.4.5 – BMNH), AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Cape York, 10°43'E, 142°28'S, other data unknown. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in IRSNB. Host range and distribution. This species is known from Nyctophilus timoriensis (Geoffroy) (type host) from Papua New Guinea and Nyctophilus sp. from Australia (Queensland) (Fain 1967)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1959 a) La famille Gastronyssidae Fain, 1956. Description de deux nouvelles especes chez des chauves-souris asiatiques (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 35, 1 - 22."]}

1. Pneumocoptes penrosei (Weidman, 1917) (Figs. 80–82) Cytoleichus penrosei Weidman 1917: 88, figs. 1–17. Pneumocoptes penrosei, Baker 1951: 584, figs. 1–5; Doby 1963: 963; Doby et al. 1964: 203; Loos-Frank & Abel 1983: 539; Kouchakij & Loos-Frank 1984: 673, figs. 12–13b. Redescription. FEMALE (10 specimens). Body, including gnathosoma, 205–235 long, 145–160 wide. Body sclerotization with lacy pattern (Fig. 80A). Setae se 30–35, distance se–se 35–45. Sternum 25–30 long, its apex situated distinctly posterior to setae 1a, distance between level of seta 1a bases and sternal apex about 10. Inseminatory canal 16–18 long. Alveoli g and 4a distinct. Posterior margin of posterogynal shield indistinct. Legs III and IV subequal in length, 80–85 long (excluding pretarsus). Tarsal apices weakly pointed. Solenidia ϕIV absent. Setae w and r with moderately pointed apex. Setal lengths: d I–IV 53–62, mG I–II about 4, vF I–II 7–9; solenidia ωI 8–9, ωII 9–11, ϕI–III 4–5. MALE (10 specimens). Body, including gnathosoma, 175–215 long, 110–135 wide. Body sclerotization having lacy pattern (Fig. 82A). Setae se 30–35 long, distance se–se 30–35. Sternum about 22 long, its apex situated level with or slightly posterior to seta 1a bases. Aedeagus about 50 long. Postgenital shield about 13 long. Legs III and IV subequal in length, 85–90 long (excluding pretarsus). Tarsal apices weakly pointed. Solenidion ϕIV absent. Setae w and r with moderately pointed apex. Setal lengths: d I–IV 35–40, mG I–II about 3, vF I–II about 9; solenidia ωI 4–5, ωII 5–6, ϕI–III 3–4. Type material examined. Two female paratypes (USNM) from Cynomys ludovicianus (Ord) (Sciuridae), USA: from the Philadelphia Zoological Gardens, 28 March 1917, coll. F.D. Weidman. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in USNM. Non-type material examined. One female (USNM) from Cynomys sp., USA: Nebraska, Hitchcock Co., 1–11 August 1950, coll. unknown; 1 female (USNM) from Cynomys sp. USA: Texas, Dallam Co., October 1950, coll. unknown; 1 female (USNM) from Cynomys sp. USA: Texas, Parmer Co., September 1950, coll. unknown; 23 females, 16 males, 4 tritonymphs, 2 larvae (USNM, UMMZ), from Cynomys sp., USA: no other data. Host range and distribution. This species was described from Cynomys ludovicianus from the Philadelphia Zoological Gardens, USA (Weidman 1917). Later on this species was recollected from Cynomys sp. from the native range in Nebraska and Texas, USA (Baker 1951)., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on pages 144-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Weidman, F. D. (1917) Cytoleichus penrosei, a new arachnoid parasite found in the diseased lungs of a prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus. The Journal of Parasitology, 3, 82 - 89.","Baker, E. (1951) Pneumocoptes, a new genus of lung-inhabiting mite from rodents (Acarina: Epidermoptidae). The Journal of Parasitology, 37, 583 - 586.","Doby, J. - M. (1963) Pneumocoptes tiollaisi, n. sp. (acarien parasite du poumon de Clethrionomys glareolus), premiere espece europeenne du genre Pneumocoptes. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences, Parasitologie, 257, 963 - 965.","Doby, J. - M., Chevrel, M. - L., Rault, B. & Louvet, M. (1964) Acariase pulmonaire du campagnol roussatre par un acarien du genre Pneumocoptes. Annales de Parasitologie (Paris), 39, 201 - 209.","Loos-Frank, B. & Abel, M. (1983) Lung mites (Pneumocoptes sp.) in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) in Southwest Germany. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, Parasitology Research, 69, 539 - 546.","Kouchakij, G. A. & Loos-Frank, B. (1984) The validity and morphology of lung mites of the genus Pneumocoptes (Acari: Astigmata). Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, Parasitology Research, 70, 673 - 683."]}

4. Pneumocoptes banksi (Wellman et Wherry, 1910) Cytoleichus banksi Wellman & Wherry 1910: 417. Pneumocoptes banksi, Lee & Dutson 1971: 57. Type material examined. None. Type deposition. Unknown, presumably lost. Host range and distribution. This species was described from the lungs of Spermophilus beecheyi (Richardson) (Sciuridae) from California, USA. Remarks. This species was described and illustrated in a rudimentary manner that does not allow for specific recognition. The original type material is presumed lost. Baker (1951) mentioned this species but retained it in the family Cytoditidae. Lee and Dutson (1971) reported this species from the lungs of 8 from 79 individuals of S. beecheyi examined at two localities in northern California. They transferred the species to the genus Pneumocoptes and described the pathological reaction to the mites in the alveoli of the lungs. Unfortunately, no additional morphological description was provided nor were voucher specimens deposited. Until new specimens can be collected and studied in detail, this species must remain incertae sedis., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on page 149, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Wellman, F. C. & Wherry, W. M. (1910) Some new internal parasites of the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi). Parasitology, 3, 417 - 422.","Lee, D. & Dutson, V. J. (1971) Lung acariasis in Northern California ground squirrels. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 7, 57 - 58.","Baker, E. (1951) Pneumocoptes, a new genus of lung-inhabiting mite from rodents (Acarina: Epidermoptidae). The Journal of Parasitology, 37, 583 - 586."]}

5. Opsonyssus asiaticus Fain, 1959 (Fig. 34) Opsonyssus asiaticus Fain 1959a: 10, figs. 7–8, 13, 1967: 30. Redescription. FEMALE (4 paratypes). Body, including gnathosoma, 355–380 long, 145–175 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum 50–60 long, slightly curved, situated ventro-laterally. Propodonotal shield length 55–60, maximum width 70–75. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield widely rounded. Setae se 7–8 long. Idiosoma dorsally finely and irregularly striated. Alveoli of setae c3 present, situated at coxal apodemes III; setae 4b and ps3 absent. Setae g and h3 represented by alveoli. Setae h2 65–68 long. Sternum about 45 long. Lateral projections of sternal branches absent. Foramen between sternum and fusion of apodemes II absent. Posterior projections of coxal fields I narrow, tongue-like, about 22 long, 16 wide. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II short, about 13 long, with free distal ends. Apodemes of coxal fields III fused to each other medially and with epigynum. Epigynum about 14 long, 12 wide. Inseminatory canal about 22 long. Distal ends of coxal apodemes IV fused with sclerotized areas of oviporus by narrow sclerotized bands. Setae g situated at these apodemes. Sclerotized areas between setae h2 and h3 absent. Setae vF I–II about 25 long. Trochanters III–IV ventrally with distinctly developed, tongue-like protrusions. Setae kT III situated in basal part of tibiae. MALE (1 paratype). Body, including gnathosoma, 300 long, 145 wide. Ventral projections of subcapitulum 45 long, slightly curved, situated laterally. Propodonotum as in female. Propodonotal shield length 55–60, maximum width 70–75. Setae se 8 long. Idiosoma dorsally finely and irregularly striated. Alveoli of setae c3, 4b, ps2 and microspines ps3 present. Alveoli c3 and 4b situated at coxal apodemes III–IV, respectively. Setae g and h3 represented by microspines. Setae h2 58–65 long. Sternum 47 long. Lateral projections of sternal branches absent. Posterior projections of coxal fields I tongue-like, distinctly developed, 17 long, 17 wide. Foramen between sternum and fusion of apodemes II absent. Posterior apodemes of coxal fields II short, 14 long, with free distal ends. Apodemes of coxal fields III fused to each other. Pregenital sclerite completely fused with apodemes of coxae IV. Apodemes IV bearing setae 4b. Aedeagus, excluding the most anterior part, crimped, folded in a complicated fashion (Fig. 34F). Adanal shields fused to each other and almost completely reduced, devoid of setae, situated immediately anterior to level of setae ps3. Setae vF I–II about 20 long. Trochanters III–IV ventrally with distinctly developed, tongue-like protrusions. Setae kT III situated in basal part of tibiae. TRITONYMPH. Setae si, c2, g, and 4a absent, delayed to adult. Type material examined. Four female, 1 male, and 1 tritonymph paratypes (IRSNB) from Pteropus giganteus (Brünnich) (Pteropodidae) [nasal cavities], unknown locality in Asia [mites were removed from alcohol preserved bats housed in IRSNB; these bats died in the Antwerp Zoo, Belgium]. Type deposition. Holotype is deposited in IRSNB. Non-type material examined. Four females and 1 male (IRSNB) from Pteropus giganteus [nasal cavities], unknown locality in Asia [mites were removed from bats that died in the Antwerp Zoo]; 1 female, 2 male, 2 tritonymphs and 1 protonymph (UMMZ) (BMOC 83-1600 - 042) from Pteropus pumilus Miller (UMMZ 158905) [nasal cavities], PHILIPPINES: Negros Oriental, Lake Balinsasayao, 09°21'11"N, 123°10'45"E, 4 October 1982, coll. P.D. Heideman (PDH 924). Host range and distribution. This species is known from Pteropus giganteus (type host) and Pteropus melanopogon Peters. These host specimens died in the Antwerp Zoo, and their original collection localities are unknown (Fain 1959a). Pteropus pumilio from the Philippines is a new host for this species., Published as part of Bochkov, Andre V., Zabludovskaya, Svetlana & Oconnor, Barry M., 2008, Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae, pp. 1-152 in Zootaxa 1951 (1) on page 75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5240616, {"references":["Fain, A. (1959 a) La famille Gastronyssidae Fain, 1956. Description de deux nouvelles especes chez des chauves-souris asiatiques (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 35, 1 - 22."]}

Bochkov, Andre V., Oconnor, Barry M. (2005): The life-cycle of Hemigalichus chrotogale sp. nov. (Acari: Listrophoridae), with comparative observations on listrophorid morphology. Journal of Natural History 39 (44): 3811-3832, DOI: 10.1080/00222930500439559, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930500439559