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El género Cresera Schaus, 1894 consta de 12 especies, 8 de las cuales ocurren en Perú. Se proporciona una diagnosis de reconocimiento de las especies en base a los caracteres de coloración de las alas, dándose a conocer los patrones de distribuciones geográficas en el Perú.

. Los huertos familiares son agroecosistemas heterogéneos en estructura y manejo, en ellos se mantienen procesos de conservación in situ de la biodiversidad. La ora en los huertos es variada, su estudio contribuye a comprender las especies que coexisten y se conservan, además de entender la estructura, importancia, y funciones para las familias de las comunidades rurales. El estudio se enfocó al estrato arbóreo del agroecosistema huerto familiar (AHF) en San Nicolás, Malinalco, México, por tener especies clave en la estructura de los agroecosistemas y por su importancia social, cultural y económica. Se estudiaron 14 agroecosistemas, ubicados en la zona de transición ecológica del Estado de México. El estudio se llevó a cabo de marzo de 2011 a abril de 2012, por medio de entrevistas no estructuradas a los propietarios de los huertos. El objetivo fue realizar un análisis del estrato arbóreo sobre la diversidad, estructura, función y análisis biogeográco. Los agroecosistemas poseen una diversidad de 36 especies, 26 géneros y 18 familias de plantas. La especie más frecuente fue Persea americana Mill. var. Hass presente en el 100 % de los agroecosistemas. De las especies encontradas, 52.7 % presentan una distribución natural en México, y las otras son introducidas. El aprovechamiento del estrato arbóreo, es con nes de autoconsumo, principalmente como fruta. La diversidad orística de las especies arbóreas es alta, lo que permite ubicar a estos agroecosistemas como importantes sitios de conservación de germoplasma in situ

Introducción. Las especies de Moniliophthora spp. son endémicas de Sudamérica e infectan los cultivos de cacao de América. Objetivo. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la distribución potencial y el nicho fundamental de Moniliophthora roreri (Mr) y M. perniciosa (Mp) en América y África. Materiales y métodos. Los registros de ocurrencia fueron obtenidos de una revisión bibliográfica. Se utilizaron variables bioclimáticas como predictores en el modelo de nicho de máxima entropía (MaxEnt) y para su visualización en Niche Analyst 3.0. Resultados. Las zonas donde se registró mayor probabilidad de ocurrencia de Mr fueron Esmeraldas y Los Ríos, Ecuador, zonas costeras de Costa Rica, Santander y Antioquia de Colombia, y para Mp los Estados de Bahía y Acré de Brasil. Las variables que más influyeron en la distribución de Mr están asociadas a las precipitaciones. Las condiciones relacionadas con la temperatura fueron más importantes en el modelo de Mp. Se identificó el riesgo de invasión de Mr en las regiones de Acré y Pará, Brasil. La transferencia de los modelos evidenció el potencial de invasión de Mr y Mp en los cultivos de cacao en África. El nicho fundamental de los patógenos y el cacao presentó valores de similitud medios, mientras que, el nicho de las especies de hongos mostró una baja similitud. La baja similitud de los nichos de los patógenos y las diferencias en las variables bioclimáticas que afectan su distribución se podrían relacionar a un proceso de partición del nicho. Conclusión. Se identificaron las regiones geográficas con una mayor distribución potencial de los patógenos y las características bioclimáticas que favorecerían su probabilidad de presencia en los cultivos de cacao de América. Es necesario regular el transporte de material vegetal y equipo contaminado entre regiones para evitar la introducción de los patógenos en cultivos de cacao sanos.

ABSTRACT A study including morphological characters and mitogenomics of South American and Australian fishes previously assigned to Percichthyidae was conducted. Results generated from these different data sets reveal major disagreements concerning the content and interpretation of the so-called percichthyids. A phylogenetic analysis based on 54 morphological characters suggests the existence of two major clades: (1) Percichthyidae, including the South American Percichthys and the Australian taxa Macquaria australasica, Macquaria (= Plectroplites), and Maccullochella; (2) Perciliidae with the South American genus Percilia at the base plus more advanced Australian genera Nannoperca, Nannatherina, Bostockia, and Gadopsis. In contrast, molecular and mitogenomic evidence suggests only one clade (Percichthyidae), with the exclusion of species of Macquaria (= Percalates). Additionally, the results reveal the existence of various taxonomic problems, such as the current interpretation of only one species of Percichthys in Argentina, an interpretation that is not supported by the present study; the existence of cryptic species of Percilia as well as of Gadopsis, Nannoperca, and Macquaria that will increase the diversity of the genera; and the need for an extensive revision of species previously assigned to Percalates versus Macquaria. Disagreements point to the need to develop further research on the so-called percichthyids and perciliids.

A review of the Pachymerinae subfamily reported in the geographical area of the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and Canary Islands has been done. The result is the registration of four species of this atypical subfamily in this study area. Keys for their species differentiation are shown, as well as a detailed description of each of these species that make up this subfamily, three of them from the Caryedontini tribe, genus Caryedon Schoenherr, and a fourth from the Pachymerini tribe, genus Caryobruchus. Of the Caryedon species, we find one (C. gonagra) in the Canary Islands, established in Tamarindus indica, and two indicated in the Iberian Peninsula, of which one (C. acaciae) is established, living in the invading Acacia karoo, and the other (C. serratus) only corresponds to old interceptions in Arachys hypogea seeds, not established in this area. As for the only species of Caryobruchus (C. gleditsiae) only one specimen has been found, supposedly associated with the Sabal palmetto palm tree planted in the Palmetum park in Tenerife (Canary Islands). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ouvirOUver is the property of ouvirOUver and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Island species are difficult to conserve because they face the synergy of climate change, invasive species, deforestation, and increasing human population densities in areas where land mass is shrinking. The Caribbean island of Hispaniola presents particular challenges because of geopolitical complexities that span 2 countries and hinder coordinated management of species across the island. We employed species distribution modeling to evaluate the impacts of climatic change and anthropogenic activities on the distribution of an endemic mammal of conservation concern, the Hispaniolan solenodon (Solenodon paradoxus). We aggregated occurrence points for this poorly known species for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the present (1975–2016) based on museum collections, online biodiversity databases, and new field surveys. We quantified degree of overlap between periods and scenarios with Schoener's D. Through a conservation paleobiology lens, we found that over time humans played an increasing role in shaping the distribution of S. paradoxus, thus, providing a foundation for developing conservation strategies on appropriate spatiotemporal scales. Human population density was the single most important predictor of S. paradoxus occurrence. Densities >166 people/km2 corresponded to a near‐zero probability of occurrence. Models that accounted for climate but not anthropogenic variables falsely identified suitable habitat in Haiti, where on‐the‐ground surveys confirm habitat is unavailable. Climate‐only models also significantly overestimated the potential for habitat connectivity between isolated populations. Our work highlights that alternative fates for S. paradoxus in the Anthropocene exist across the political border between the Dominican Republic and Haiti due to the fundamentally different economic and political realities of each country. Relationships in the fossil record confirm that Hispaniola's sociopolitical boundary is not biologically significant but instead represents one imposed on the island's fauna in the past 500 years by colonial activity. Our approach reveals how a paleontological perspective can contribute to concrete management insights. Article impact statement: Museum collections and the fossil record can provide past baselines for disentangling the causes of present species declines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plant formations with presence of Taxus baccata located in the Sierra del Aramo are analyzed, in particular, the floristic composition of these communities, as well as their distribution and status. The research has been carried out through field work and phytosociological inventories. The relevance of this taxon in the vegetal landscape is revealed, as well as the singularity of some specimens and populations, while at the same time considering the necessary measures to reverse the negative dynamics of some communities in which it participates. On the other hand, the pedoanthracological analysis is tested from two pits made above the upper limit of the forest, in areas that are currently deforested. The results demonstrate the presence of yews in the Aramo since the Bronze Age and corroborate the archaeological findings about the human occupation of the mountains of the Asturian Massif. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogeography presents itself as one of the fields of study of Physical Geography, related to social, economic, ecological and cultural aspects. From this perspective, this essay drawn up a comparative study of nuances and synergies among forest peoples in two extremes of Brazil. Two traditional communities were sampled: the 'seringueiros' of the Seringal Porongaba in the state of Acre, and the people of Faxinal Sete Saltos de Baixo, at Campos Gerais, in the state of Paraná. Among the nuances, we highlight, for example, the geographical factor, the characteristics of the areas and the productive activities. Regarding synergies, we mention ecological, sociocultural and territorial management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A study including morphological characters and mitogenomics of South American and Australian fishes previously assigned to Percichthyidae was conducted. Results generated from these different data sets reveal major disagreements concerning the content and interpretation of the so-called percichthyids. A phylogenetic analysis based on 54 morphological characters suggests the existence of two major clades: (1) Percichthyidae, including the South American Percichthys and the Australian taxa Macquaria australasica, Macquaria (= Plectroplites), and Maccullochella; (2) Perciliidae with the South American genus Percilia at the base plus more advanced Australian genera Nannoperca, Nannatherina, Bostockia, and Gadopsis. In contrast, molecular and mitogenomic evidence suggests only one clade (Percichthyidae), with the exclusion of species of Macquaria (= Percalates). Additionally, the results reveal the existence of various taxonomic problems, such as the current interpretation of only one species of Percichthys in Argentina, an interpretation that is not supported by the present study; the existence of cryptic species of Percilia as well as of Gadopsis, Nannoperca, and Macquaria that will increase the diversity of the genera; and the need for an extensive revision of species previously assigned to Percalates versus Macquaria. Disagreements point to the need to develop further research on the so-called percichthyids and perciliids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The isolation caused by habitat fragmentation may promote morphological and behavioral divergences, even in Suboscine birds. Formicarius colma is a Miocene specie, which has today a disjunct distribution among atlantic and amazonic forest and four subspecies. To evaluate significant differences among their subspecies vocalizations we analyze 73 records with 16 bioacoustic parameters. To analyze acoustic similarity we performed a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), t tests and ANOVA. The F. colma vocalization is a trill, ranging from 2.4 to 3.5 kHz, with dominant frequency of 2.48 kHz and mean duration of 2,8 s. The grouping analysis not shows statistics differences among F. colma subspecies vocalizations, even among disjunct populations. Howsoever, we can observe a tendency of segregation among amazonic and atlantic populations. This acoustic similarity may be relate to the low vocal plasticity founded in Suboscine and environmental pressure over these populations are not been adequate to select distinct modulations on subspecies song. Therefore, even a great separation time there are no significant vocal differences among studied population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xylella fastidiosa is a potentially harmful organism for a large number of woody crops and tree species, being considered one of the most dangerous phytopathogenic bacteria worldwide. In this article, we used Ecological Niche Models (ENM) to predict the global potential distribution of X. fastidiosa, and at the regional level, Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) methods to predict the risk of exposure to this pathogen in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. At the global level, our models predicted a wide potential distribution of X. fastidiosa with a wide potential radius of expansion temperate climates (Group C, Köppen climate classification). At regional level, our results revealed the Iberian Peninsula is very exposed to the entry and spread of this invasive organism, whose presence is already widespread in the Balearic Islands. In the Anthropocene epoch, Geography plays a crucial role in a management of biological risks because of a successful management depends heavily on our ability to predict potential geographical ranges of invasive organisms and to identify main factors that promote their spread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based upon results from a doctoral research and expands the analyzing Protected Areas (AP) of the Island of Santa Catarina, in the city of Florianópolis. They have a diversity of landscapes, allowing for a vast array of habitats, but they also have the fragmentation rather than the connection among AP as a limitation, besides having issues related to management. The methodological procedures have been based on the mapping and characterization of the island's AP, with emphasis to the Conservation Units (CU). Maps of land coverage and use have been generated by using LANDSAT satellite images of the years 1986, 1995 e 2010. The analysis of the elements have identified the fragmentation of the habitats, where one can still find environmental corridors and possibilities of connection. As the final result of the research it has been possible to: diagnose the AP; understand that the urban area growth has been insulating the AP; and conclude that the AP have been discussed within territorial and urban planning of the city, but that there has not been integration between environmental management agencies at different levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nova Acta Científica Compostelana is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plantation records from the southeastern United States have long been an important source for historical, social, and cultural narratives. However, they also represent an underutilized source for meteorological, environmental, and agricultural data from the antebellum period. This study has two goals. Firstly, we advocate for a more systematic application of these records for quantitative analysis. Secondly, we present some early results from such a study using the records of Shirley Plantation in Virginia. We show how these records can be mined for data on weather and agricultural activity and how their broader usefulness is extended with the inclusion of appropriate meta-data. Observations of weather conditions and crop responses to seasonal changes lend themselves to quantitative analysis that can improve our understanding of the local weather and climate of that period. We present a case study comparing last spring freeze date in this region from the late 1820s to 2010s and suggest that last spring freeze now occurs approximately 23 days earlier compared to approximately 200 years ago. We also include summaries of the response of specific crops and cultivars since this knowledge may help the farmers' of today adapt to changing weather conditions. While individual plantation records may have idiosyncratic limitations, plantation records, along with other types of detailed historical records, can still provide rich detail for specific locations or events. Plantation records are not limited to the southeastern US and include diverse geographic locations in less developed areas which were often the same areas were enslaved labor was exploited under the plantation system. Por mucho tiempo, los registros de las plantaciones del sureste de los Estados Unidos han sido una fuente importante de narrativas históricas sociales y culturales. Sin embargo, también representan una fuente infrautilizada de datos meteorológicos, ambientales y agrícolas del período antebellum estadounidense. Este estudio tiene dos propósitos. Primero, abogamos por una aplicación más sistemática de estos registros para el análisis cuantitativo. En segundo lugar, presentamos algunos de los primeros resultados de un estudio de este tipo utilizando los registros de la plantación Shirley en Virginia. Mostramos cómo se pueden extraer estos registros para obtener datos sobre el clima y la actividad agrícola y su utilidad más amplia que se extiende con la inclusión de los metadatos apropiados. Las observaciones de las condiciones climáticas y las respuestas de los cultivos a los cambios estacionales se prestan al análisis cuantitativo que puede [End Page 348] mejorar nuestra comprensión del clima local y el clima de ese período. Presentamos un estudio de caso que compara la fecha de congelación de la primavera pasada en esta región desde finales de la década de 1820 hasta la de 2010 y sugerimos que la congelación de la primavera anterior se produce aproximadamente 23 días antes en comparación con hace aproximadamente 100 años. Mientras que los registros de plantación individuales pueden tener limitaciones idiosincrásicas, los registros de plantación, junto con otros tipos de registros históricos detallados, aún pueden proporcionar detalles útiles para lugares o eventos específicos. Los registros de plantaciones no se limitan al sureste de los EE.UU. e incluyen diversas ubicaciones geográficas en áreas menos desarrolladas que muchas veces eran las mismas áreas donde el trabajo esclavo se explotaba bajo el sistema de plantaciones. La contextualización de los datos históricos con el conocimiento actual se puede utilizar para examinar cómo la sociedad interactuó con la variabilidad climática interanual y los extremos climáticos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A biogeografia enquanto ciência permite compreender as espécies da fauna e da flora sobre áreas do espaço geográfico, além de possui uma importância para o aluno, pois através dela ele passa a compreender e se inserir como um ser constituinte do meio e que exerce influencia sobre o mesmo. Assim, em detrimento da crescente urbanização em Belém- Pa e a falta de conhecimento a cerca da importância que ela possui, o presente artigo busca relatar atividades biogeográficas aplicadas na sala de aula e em campo no Jardim Botânico Rodriguez Alves com o intuito de conscientizar os alunos a cerca da importância da preservação da fauna e flora da região amazônica e manutenção dos recursos naturais que ela possui. Para a realização das atividades foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos sobre a temática, ida a campo e recursos didáticos- pedagógicos para aproximar o aluno do seu cotidiano. As atividades foram aplicadas através do PIBID mediante o subprojeto de “Um olhar Biogeográfico dos Parques Ambientais da Grande Belém-PA” financiado pela CAPES e vinculado a Universidade da Amazônia.

O artigo possui o objetivo de apresentar uma proposta metodológica para realizar inventários geobotânicas, desenvolvido com a finalidade de suprir algumas lacunas observadas em propostas metodológicas de inventários fitossociológicos. O Método de Inventários para Espécies Fanerófitas e Caméfitas (MIFC) é uma modificação da metodologia de Gentry (1982) que, associada a aspectos da ecodinâmica, possibilita o desenvolvimento de uma análise mais dinâmica e menos descritiva das formações vegetais. Nesse sentido, é possível analisar a biodiversidade local e caracterizar unidades fisionômico-estruturais-fenológicas, considerando fatores mesológicos das formações superficiais e condições bioclimáticas. A pesquisa foi realizada no inselberg Serra de Caturité localizado na Microrregião do Cariri Oriental no semiárido Paraibano. Os resultados aqui apresentados possibilitou classificar três biótipos de vegetação de caatinga com condição bioclimática tropófila semiárida, quatro meses de paralisação vegetativa, onze meses de déficit hídrico e apenas um mês de recarga de água no solo, variando em cada biótipo os aspectos relacionados à estrutura, altura, densidade, cobertura e diversidade de espécies nas vertentes baixa, media, e média-alta do inselberg.

Alexander Von Humboldt propôs uma estratificação da vegetação por critérios de altitude e latitude na América do Sul. Esses critérios foram adotados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE – para classificação da vegetação brasileira. Apresenta-se, no presente estudo, um mapa com essa estratificação para o território brasileiro. Discutem-se, ainda, as implicações desse mapa para a identificação dos campos de altitude e sua proteção pela Lei Federal nº 11.428, de 2006 – Lei da Mata Atlântica. Para tanto, os ambientes montanos e altomontanos do Brasil são analisados em relação às suas unidades de relevo e a seu papel como refúgios ecológicos.

We register for the first time in Mexico the naturalized species Acanthosyrisglabrata (family Cervantesiaceae), a hemiparasitic tree only known from northwestern South America. We provide information about its habitat and present an illustration of the species. We propose a hypothesis of maritime commerce between Ecuador and Mexico to account for the presence of the taxon in western Mexico, in an area 3500 km away from its original known distribution.

El análisis de los movimientos que realizan las aves a lo largo de todo el ciclo anual es importante para comprender muchos aspectos de su ecología y estrategia vital. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el patrón de movimientos del mirlo acuático Cinclus cinclus L., 1758 en España, mediante el análisis de recapturas de aves anilladas. Para ello se han considerado los datos almacenados tanto en la oficina de anillamiento de la Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi como del Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medioambiente, para el periodo 1961-2014. Las recapturas de mirlos acuáticos anillados en España y recapturados en otras zonas, anillados en otras zonas y recapturados en España o anillados y recapturados en España reflejan, fundamentalmente, desplazamientos cortos. El 89,8% de las recapturas son halladas a menos10 km del punto donde el ave fue anillada. En el otro extremo, sólo una de las recapturas tuvo un origen superior a 100 km (un ejemplar anillado en Bélgica). Por otro lado, un modelo lineal generalizado mostró que la distancia de recuperación de los jóvenes fue mayor que en los adultos. Desde el punto de vista geográfico, las recapturas se concentran, fundamentalmente, en cinco zonas: Montes Vascos y Pirineos Occidentales, Pirineo Central, Sistema Ibérico (principalmente en Teruel y Valencia), Sistema Central (principalmente en Madrid) y Sierra Nevada.

Se destaca la importancia de la biogeografía en el conocimiento básico de las ciencias biológicas y algunas posibilidades de utilización de los datos de distribuciones de organismos para implementar prácticas interesantes en educación media superior y superior. Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación permiten acceder a registros reales y confiables para realizar estos estudios que posibilitan desarrollar el proceso de investigación documental desde cómo se seleccionan los datos hasta el descubrimiento de los patrones de distribución de la vida en la Tierra. Por último, se discuten un par de ejemplos de aplicación docente, adecuados a los niveles de conocimiento y análisis en el ámbito de la educación media superior y superior.

Species distribution modeling is presented as an analytical tool for biogeography and the study of climate change impact on biodiversity. Key modeling concepts and applications are reviewed; the maximum entropy principle is described as well as its implementation in the Maxent software. Lastly, two demonstrative examples of species modeling are presented using two plant species: Pycnophyllum spathulatum (Caryophyllaceae) and Prosopis pallida (Fabaceae). Bothe species were modeled using current climate data and under a future climatic change scenario based on RCP8.5 to examine the potential impact of global warming on the species’ distribution.

O presente estudo possui um enfoque biogeográfico de reconhecimento, e análise da avifauna urbana, nativa e exótica de áreas distintas dentro da cidade de Maringá – PR. São de objetivo de este estudo verificar-se o levantamento da diversidade de espécies avícolas encontradas no meio urbano estudado, a identificação das aves, bem como seus distintos hábitats e nichos ecológicos. Por fim se estabelecerá uma possível relação das aves com as áreas estudadas, até a adaptação das mesmas a diferentes realidades e paisagens, para poder então delimitar as relações biogeográficas das diversas espécies com o meio.

La recuperación actual de la noción de paisaje para aprehender las relaciones de naturaleza, sociedad y cultura en sus dimensiones espacio-temporales, es decir, como totalidades concretas, aconseja volver sobre las presentaciones más fecundas de la cuestión, empezando por la versión quizá más lograda de todas ellas, la de Alexander von Humboldt. Nuestra intención en esta ocasión es hacer una lectura del Ensayo de la Geografía de las Plantas y del Cuadro Físico que la acompaña en clave de paisaje. El Ensayo es, en efecto, uno de los textos menos trabajados del autor. Creemos poder demostrar que la aportación de Humboldt sobre el paisaje y los paisajes estaba ya en buena medida contenida en el primer texto de la Geografía de las Plantas. Lo que a su vez nos permite explorar la fundamental relación del paisaje con el primer desarrollo de la biogeografía

Kinosternon chimalhuaca (Jalisco Mud Turtle) is a kinosternid turtle endemic to Mexico. The previously recorded maximun carapace length (CL) is 160 mm in males and 130 mm in females. It has a small distribution range along the Pacific coast of Jalisco and Colima, Mexico, from the rio Tuito in Jalisco to the rio Cihuatlán in northwestern Colima. This new record in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, extends its distribution at least 32 km north from the northernmost known locality. A new maximun size (CL) for the species of 172.00 mm (one male) is recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vários estudos descreveram alterações na riqueza e abundancia de grupos de insetos ao longo dos gradientes altitudinais, contudo há poucas informações para as vespas sociais (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). O presente trabalho avaliou a influência da altitude sobre a diversidade desses insetos em fragmentos de florestas estacionais semideciduais em clima tropical de altitude. O estudo foi conduzido em três cotas altimétricas distintas na região sul do estado de Minas Gerais, entre 997 e 2080 m. Foram realizados 24 dias de amostragem durante dez meses por meio de coleta ativa. Foram registradas 34 espécies distribuídas em 11 gêneros, a Cota 01 registrou 27, a Cota 02 registrou 19 espécies e a Cota 03 foram registradas 11 espécies. O gênero mais frequente na área de estudo foi Polybia. O trabalho mostra que em áreas de clima tropical de altitude acima de 1800 m a diversidade diminui consideravelmente, e aumenta o número de espécies que nidificam por enxameamento e constroem ninhos com invólucro protetor.

A descoberta de uma população de Pinus sylvestris L. na serra do Gerês, nos finais do séc. XIX, abriu desde logo um debate sobre o carácter autóctone desta espécie em Portugal. Neste artigo apresentam-se dados paleoambientais sobre a presença da espécie na Peninsula Ibérica e em Portugal, desde o último ciclo glaciar. Exploram-se documentos que, a partir do séc. XVIII, referem P. sylvestris na vegetação do país e, particularmente, na serra do Gerês. Discutem-se as hipóteses levantadas sobre a espontaneidade do núcleo geresiano e sobre as tentativas de introdução da espécie em várias áreas do país, antes do seu uso em maior escala na florestação das serras no séc. XX. Por último, admite-se o carácter relicto e autóctone de P. sylvestris na serra do Gerês e salienta-se a importância da conservação deste património biogenético.

The entire set of samples of the Nassariidae integrated in the malacological collection of the Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona has been reviewed. For all the samples, the number of individuals has been counted, each shell has been revised individually, and the taxonomic determination has been corrected in those cases in which it seemed justified, updating the nomenclature. For those samples containing a mixture of different species, new samples have been created so that each sample contained a single species. Regardless of the annotated in the original labels, one biogeographical region has been assigned to each sample. Finally, the Nassariidae collection has been valuated as a whole regarding the number of samples, the number of species and its geographical distribution.

Revisión de los Nassariidae (Gastropoda, Neogastropoda) de la colección malacológica del Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona Se ha revisado el conjunto de muestras de Nassariidae integradas en la colección malacológica del Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona. Se han analizado individualmente los ejemplares de cada muestra, se han contado y se ha corregido la determinación taxonómica en aquellos casos en los que ha parecido justificado, actualizándose la nomenclatura. En aquellas muestras que contenían una mezcla de especies distintas, se han creado nuevas muestras, de manera que cada una de ellas contenga un único taxón. Con independencia de la anotación existente en las etiquetas originales, a cada muestra se le ha asignado una región biogeográfica. Finalmente, se ha valorado el conjunto de la colección de Nassariidae con relación al número de muestras, al número de especies y a la distribución geográfica de las mismas.

Refugia-based conservation offers long-term effectiveness and minimize uncertainty on strategies for climate change adaptation. We used distribution modelling to identify climate change refugia for 617 terrestrial mammals and to quantify the role of protected areas (PAs) in providing refugia across South America. To do so, we compared species potential distribution across different scenarios of climate change, highlighting those regions likely to retain suitable climatic conditions by year 2090, and explored the proportion of refugia inside PAs. Moist tropical forests in high-elevation areas with complex topography concentrated the highest local diversity of species refugia, although regionally important refugia centers occurred elsewhere. Andean-Amazon forests contained climate change refugia for more than half of the continental species' pool and for up to 87 species locally (17 × 17 km 2 grid cell). The highlands of the southern Atlantic Forest also included megadiverse refugia for up to 76 species per cell. Almost half of the species that may find refugia in the Atlantic Forest will do so in a single region-the Serra do Mar and Serra do Espinhaço. Most of the refugia we identified, however, were not in PAs, which may contain <6% of the total area of climate change refugia, leaving 129-237 species with no refugia inside the territorial limits of PAs of any kind. Our results reveal a dismal scenario for the level of refugia protection in some of the most biodiverse regions of the world. Nonetheless, because refugia tend to be in high-elevation, topographically complex, and remote areas, with lower anthropogenic pressure, formally protecting them may require a comparatively modest investment., (© 2023 Society for Conservation Biology.)

La teoría de grafos aporta herramientas metodológicas que permiten describir diferentes tipos de interacciones, y asimismo, describir sus propiedades emergentes, como la conformación de módulos. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar y visualizar módulos para un grafo construido a partir de la fauna mariposas neotropicales y sus localidades geográficas empleando dos métodos de optimización. Se obtuvo entre siete a ocho módulos según el método empleado, siguiendo en parte las grandes regiones biogeográficas propuestas. El grafo obtenido exhibió un patrón donde las comunidades presentan reducción de la riqueza y aumento de su aislamiento hacia la periferia ya sea para el grafo en general o dentro de algunos módulos similar a un patrón de centro-periferia. Se discute el papel potencial de la dispersión y la utilidad de los grafos para explicar el balance entre riqueza local y regional y especiación a nivel de comunidades.

Tropical mountains contain unique biological diversity, and are subject to many consequences of global climate change, exasperated by concurrent socioeconomic shifts. Glaciers are in a negative mass balance, exposing substrates to primary succession and altering downslope wetlands and streams. A review of recent trends and future predictions suggests a likely reduction in areas of open habitat for species of high mountains due to greater woody plant cover, accompanied by land use shifts by farmers and pastoralists along the environmental gradients of tropical mountains. Research is needed on the biodiversity and ecosystem consequences of successional change, including the direct effects of retreating glaciers and the indirect consequences of combined social and ecological drivers in lower elevations. Areas in the high mountains that are protected for nature conservation or managed collectively by local communities represent opportunities for integrated research and development approaches that may provide ecological spaces for future species range shifts.

Despite increasing attention to geologically recent extinctions in the ocean, little information is available on natural distributions of extinct species before contact with humans. In the North Pacific, a large cormorant, Phalacrocorax perspicillatus (Spectacled/Pallas's Cormorant), was driven to extinction in the 19th century, probably due to overexploitation by humans. So far, no clear evidence has existed for the past presence of the cormorant species outside Bering Island, Commander Islands. We report fossil remains of P. perspicillatus from the upper Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stage 5e, ~120,000 yr ago) of Shiriya, northeast Japan. The occurrence is the first definitive record of the species outside Bering Island, and the first pre-Holocene record for the species, expanding the known geographic and temporal ranges of the species by ~2,400 km and ~120,000 yr, respectively. It indicates that the species had undergone a drastic range contraction or shift since the Pleistocene, probably before the first contact with humans. Available evidence indicates a drop of oceanic productivity near Shiriya in the Last Glacial Maximum (~17,000 yr ago), which might have affected the local population of the cormorant species and possibly led to the species' local disappearance from this area. In any case, the population of P. perspicillatus on Bering Island at its first scientific discovery should be considered a relict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogeography was born together with the modern Geography. From the beginning, mapping species distribution and the ecological meaning of the niche became one of the frontiers through which the Physical Geography has advanced. However, in some countries the ecological approach was lost in the biogeographic research carried out by geographers. In this paper, we propose a general workflow integrating Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) within the framework of Biogeography, conceived as the geographical science that studies biodiversity patterns. In this sense, we applied the proposed workflow in order to predict the potential distribution of cork oak in Andalusia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]