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Life of Abraham Hagholm (1811-1890), collector of Swedish folkmusic and schol teacher. Music as an agent of physical strength, character and social stature.

I think you recognize the feeling when you sit on a sofa reading something pleasant in deep comfortable thoughts. It is a summer evening . Windows are open and the front door is ajar when there is a crash as the crosswinds blow the front door wide open and a gush of wind fills the room. Suddenly you are wide awake and your eyes are owl-like wide open. This is what comes to my mind when I try to describe the impact of new technology – such as open access and web 2.0 – in my life as a music and arts librarian. Sudden, so far unknown possibilities open and give me a feeling of anticipation and awe. I will try to convey some of the observations I have made since in this short paper and I will do it in a somewhat shorthand form, trying to transmit my feeling of being a wide open pair of eyes in a strange somewhat disorganized world.

This handbook was written primarily for the newly-selected battalion commander. It provides tips on how to transition into command and how to approach some of the more difficult problems. At the same time, however, a great deal of information in the book can be useful to commanders at any level.

Lodging, the permanent displacement of plant stems from the vertical, occurs on average once every four years in UK wheat crops, when it reduces the yield and bread making quality of grain. Lodging usually occurs in the summer and control is most commonly sought by applying growth retarding chemicals in the spring. This thesis develops a method of predicting which crops are prone to lodging so that spring lodging controls can be targeted most effectively. A model was developed in association with this study which calculates stem and root lodging risk from summer-time plant, weather and soil factors. The spread of the plant's root plate, the stem diameter and the number of shoots per plant were shown to have very strong influences on lodging. Structural rooting depth, stem failure yield stress, height at centre of gravity and the rate at which stems oscillate in wind (natural frequency) were also important, but less influential. Methods of predicting the most important lodging-associated plant characters from crop observations in spring were developed from the literature. These were then tested through experiments in 1995 and 1996 with factorial combinations of crops sown in late September and late October, at 500 seeds m-2 and 250 seeds m-2 and with large and small levels of residual soil nitrogen. Early sowing, dense seed rates and fertile soils all increased stem and root lodging, with sowing date having the greatest influence. Plants sown at high densities had small root plates and were poorly anchored; they also had fewer shoots causing a smaller leverage. Early sown plants had shoots with a high centre of gravity and slow natural frequency, causing a greater leverage. Plants sown early on fertile soils had narrow, weak stems. Final shoot number per plant was predicted with good precision (R2=094) from spring plant number m-2 and maximum shoot number m-2 using a model of tiller survival. Stem diameter was predicted with moderate precision (R2=057) from spring ca

Lodging, the permanent displacement of plant stems from the vertical, occurs on average once every four years in UK wheat crops, when it reduces the yield and bread making quality of grain. Lodging usually occurs in the summer and control is most commonly sought by applying growth retarding chemicals in the spring. This thesis develops a method of predicting which crops are prone to lodging so that spring lodging controls can be targeted most effectively. A model was developed in association with this study which calculates stem and root lodging risk from summer-time plant, weather and soil factors. The spread of the plant's root plate, the stem diameter and the number of shoots per plant were shown to have very strong influences on lodging. Structural rooting depth, stem failure yield stress, height at centre of gravity and the rate at which stems oscillate in wind (natural frequency) were also important, but less influential. Methods of predicting the most important lodging-associated plant characters from crop observations in spring were developed from the literature. These were then tested through experiments in 1995 and 1996 with factorial combinations of crops sown in late September and late October, at 500 seeds m-2 and 250 seeds m-2 and with large and small levels of residual soil nitrogen. Early sowing, dense seed rates and fertile soils all increased stem and root lodging, with sowing date having the greatest influence. Plants sown at high densities had small root plates and were poorly anchored; they also had fewer shoots causing a smaller leverage. Early sown plants had shoots with a high centre of gravity and slow natural frequency, causing a greater leverage. Plants sown early on fertile soils had narrow, weak stems. Final shoot number per plant was predicted with good precision (R2=094) from spring plant number m-2 and maximum shoot number m-2 using a model of tiller survival. Stem diameter was predicted with moderate precision (R2=057) from spring ca

Lodging, the permanent displacement of plant stems from the vertical, occurs on average once every four years in UK wheat crops, when it reduces the yield and bread making quality of grain. Lodging usually occurs in the summer and control is most commonly sought by applying growth retarding chemicals in the spring. This thesis develops a method of predicting which crops are prone to lodging so that spring lodging controls can be targeted most effectively. A model was developed in association with this study which calculates stem and root lodging risk from summer-time plant, weather and soil factors. The spread of the plant's root plate, the stem diameter and the number of shoots per plant were shown to have very strong influences on lodging. Structural rooting depth, stem failure yield stress, height at centre of gravity and the rate at which stems oscillate in wind (natural frequency) were also important, but less influential. Methods of predicting the most important lodging-associated plant characters from crop observations in spring were developed from the literature. These were then tested through experiments in 1995 and 1996 with factorial combinations of crops sown in late September and late October, at 500 seeds m-2 and 250 seeds m-2 and with large and small levels of residual soil nitrogen. Early sowing, dense seed rates and fertile soils all increased stem and root lodging, with sowing date having the greatest influence. Plants sown at high densities had small root plates and were poorly anchored; they also had fewer shoots causing a smaller leverage. Early sown plants had shoots with a high centre of gravity and slow natural frequency, causing a greater leverage. Plants sown early on fertile soils had narrow, weak stems. Final shoot number per plant was predicted with good precision (R2=094) from spring plant number m-2 and maximum shoot number m-2 using a model of tiller survival. Stem diameter was predicted with moderate precision (R2=057) from spring ca

Lodging, the permanent displacement of plant stems from the vertical, occurs on average once every four years in UK wheat crops, when it reduces the yield and bread making quality of grain. Lodging usually occurs in the summer and control is most commonly sought by applying growth retarding chemicals in the spring. This thesis develops a method of predicting which crops are prone to lodging so that spring lodging controls can be targeted most effectively. A model was developed in association with this study which calculates stem and root lodging risk from summer-time plant, weather and soil factors. The spread of the plant's root plate, the stem diameter and the number of shoots per plant were shown to have very strong influences on lodging. Structural rooting depth, stem failure yield stress, height at centre of gravity and the rate at which stems oscillate in wind (natural frequency) were also important, but less influential. Methods of predicting the most important lodging-associated plant characters from crop observations in spring were developed from the literature. These were then tested through experiments in 1995 and 1996 with factorial combinations of crops sown in late September and late October, at 500 seeds m-2 and 250 seeds m-2 and with large and small levels of residual soil nitrogen. Early sowing, dense seed rates and fertile soils all increased stem and root lodging, with sowing date having the greatest influence. Plants sown at high densities had small root plates and were poorly anchored; they also had fewer shoots causing a smaller leverage. Early sown plants had shoots with a high centre of gravity and slow natural frequency, causing a greater leverage. Plants sown early on fertile soils had narrow, weak stems. Final shoot number per plant was predicted with good precision (R2=094) from spring plant number m-2 and maximum shoot number m-2 using a model of tiller survival. Stem diameter was predicted with moderate precision (R2=057) from spring ca

Lodging, the permanent displacement of plant stems from the vertical, occurs on average once every four years in UK wheat crops, when it reduces the yield and bread making quality of grain. Lodging usually occurs in the summer and control is most commonly sought by applying growth retarding chemicals in the spring. This thesis develops a method of predicting which crops are prone to lodging so that spring lodging controls can be targeted most effectively. A model was developed in association with this study which calculates stem and root lodging risk from summer-time plant, weather and soil factors. The spread of the plant's root plate, the stem diameter and the number of shoots per plant were shown to have very strong influences on lodging. Structural rooting depth, stem failure yield stress, height at centre of gravity and the rate at which stems oscillate in wind (natural frequency) were also important, but less influential. Methods of predicting the most important lodging-associated plant characters from crop observations in spring were developed from the literature. These were then tested through experiments in 1995 and 1996 with factorial combinations of crops sown in late September and late October, at 500 seeds m-2 and 250 seeds m-2 and with large and small levels of residual soil nitrogen. Early sowing, dense seed rates and fertile soils all increased stem and root lodging, with sowing date having the greatest influence. Plants sown at high densities had small root plates and were poorly anchored; they also had fewer shoots causing a smaller leverage. Early sown plants had shoots with a high centre of gravity and slow natural frequency, causing a greater leverage. Plants sown early on fertile soils had narrow, weak stems. Final shoot number per plant was predicted with good precision (R2=094) from spring plant number m-2 and maximum shoot number m-2 using a model of tiller survival. Stem diameter was predicted with moderate precision (R2=057) from spring ca