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‚Bodenlos’ lässt sich eine Sozialphilosophie nennen, die von einer Koexistenz von Sinnentwürfen ausgeht, wie sie Jean-Luc Nancy formuliert hat. Die aus dieser Gleichursprünglichkeit resultierenden Konflikte müssen durch Entscheidungen gelöst werden. Die Theorie des Politischen, wie sie in der französischen Gegenwartsphilosophie diskutiert wird, schließt an dieses Modell des Sozialen an. Doch deren dezisionistische Zuspitzung lässt sich nur dann mildern, wenn die darin implizierte Verkennung der Alterität aufgegeben und die Konflikte als Widerstreite singulärer Ansprüche interpretiert werden

Two groups of 3-substituted indole 1, 6–9 as well as 4-substituted quinoline derivatives 2–5 and harman (10) were isolated from various species and genera of myxobacteria. They were identified by their spectroscopic data. Some of the metabolites show moderate antifungal activity. Their biosynthetic origin in myxobacteria was demonstrated for 1, 2, and 3 by incorporation of L-[1'-14C]tryptophan.

Two novel highly cytotoxic metabolites, spirangien A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum (strain So ce90). The structures were elucidated by detailed NMR spectroscopic analysis. The previously unknown molecular framework common to spirangien A and B includes a highly functionalized spiroketal core structure, a side chain bearing a pentaene chromophore and a terminal carboxyl group, and a total of thirteen stereocenters. The absolute configuration at C-3 was determined by degradation and subsequent fragment analysis by GC. The relative stereochemistry of the spiroketal structure was proposed on the basis of vicinal proton couplings and ROESY data for hydroperoxide derivative 4, obtained by ozonolysis of spirangien A, and for 1,3-diene 5, obtained by cross-metathesis with ethylene. X-ray crystal structure analysis of 5 confirmed its structure and unambiguously provided the complete relative stereochemistry of all twelve stereocenters. The 1,3-diene derivative 5 still shows strong cytotoxic activity. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)

Aims The ATZ11 antibody has been well established for the identification of α1-anti-trypsin (AAT) molecule type PiZ (Z-AAT) in blood samples and liver tissue. In this study, we systematically analyzed the antibody for additional binding sites in human tissue. Methods and results Ultrastructural ATZ11 binding was investigated immunoelectron microscopically in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in platelets of a healthy individual. Human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells were transiently transfected with Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and analyzed immunocytochemically using confocal microscopy and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis followed by western blotting (WB). Platelets and serum samples of VWF-competent and VWF-deficient patients were investigated using native PAGE and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis followed by WB. The specificity of the ATZ11 reaction was tested immunohistochemically by extensive antibody-mediated blocking of AAT- and VWF-antigens. ATZ11-positive epitopes could be detected in Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) of HUVECs and α-granules of platelets. ATZ11 stains pseudo-WBP containing recombinant wild-type VWF (rVWF-WT) in HEK293 cells. In SDS-PAGE electrophoresis followed by WB, anti-VWF and ATZ11 both identified rVWF-WT. However, neither rVWF-WT-multimers, human VWF-multimers, nor serum proteins of VWF-deficient patients were detected using ATZ11 by WB, whereas anti-VWF antibody (anti-VWF) detected rVWF-WT-multimers as well as human VWF-multimers. In human tissue specimens, AAT-antigen blockade using anti-AAT antibody abolished ATZ11 staining of Z-AAT in a heterozygous AAT-deficient patient, whereas VWF-antigen blockade using anti-VWF abolished ATZ11 staining of endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. Conclusions ATZ11 reacts with cellular bound and denatured rVWF-WT and human VWF as shown using immunocytochemistry and subsequent confocal imaging, immunoelectron microscopy, SDS-PAGE and WB, and immunohistology. These immunoreactions are independent of the binding of Z-AAT-molecules and non-Z-AAT complexes.

We describe the design and performance of waveguide mixers at 1.4 THz and 1.9 THz based on NbTiN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometers (HEBs) fabricated on a 2-mum thick Si3N4 membrane. The membrane is bonded to a silicon frame in the mixer block using a flip chip process. Simulated RF coupling is compared with experimental results, showing good agreement. Receiver noise temperature measurements show uncorrected values of 1600 K at 1.4 THz and 2100 K at 1.9 THz, both at 1.5GHz intermediate frequency. Device cooling on the membrane seems not to be problematic. The mixers are used in receivers for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) [German REceiver At THz frequencies (GREAT)] and the Atacama path finder experiment (APEX) [CO, N+, deuterium observations receiver (CONDOR)]

Background Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) expressing the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FceRI) play a key role in atopic dermatitis (AD). AD skin is highly colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (S.a.), which are sensed by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). We hypothesized that TLR2 may impact on the expression of FceRI on LC. Objectives To study a putative impact of TLR2 signaling on FceRI, we analyzed FceRI and known transcription factors of the receptor after ligand binding to TLR2. Methods We generated LC from CD34+ progenitors in vitro (CD34LC) expressing FceRI and TLR2 as well as its partners TLR1 and TLR6. The expression of FceRI and known transcription factors of the receptor was analyzed on the protein and RNA level by flow cytometry, Western blotting, and real-time PCR. Results For CD34LC from 123 donors, we observed a high heterogeneity in FceRI surface expression correlating with mRNA level of its α-chain. Stimulation of TLR1/2 or TLR2/6 dramatically down-regulated FceRI on protein and mRNA level of both α- and γ-chain. Further analysis of putative transcription factors for FCER1A revealed the lack of GATA1 in CD34LC, weak expression of ELF1 and YY1, and high expression of PU.1. While ELF1 and YY1 appeared to be little affected by TLR2 engagement, PU.1 was significantly down-regulated. Conclusions Taken together, our findings show that in human, LC ligation of TLR2 by S.a.-derived products down-regulates FceRI and its transcription factor PU.1, thus suggesting that FceRI is controlled by PU.1 in these cells.

In seinem Anerkennungsbuch ›Parcours de la reconnaissance‹ führt Ricoeur mehrere Stränge seiner Reflexionen über das praktische Selbst zusammen. Erkenntnis, Selbstverhältnis, Gedächtnis sowie intersubjektive, wechselseitige Bestätigung stellt er als Facetten eines umfassenden, gleichwohl nicht integrierenden Anerkennungsbegriffs dar. Innovativ zeigt sich Ricoeurs Vorgehen vor allem durch die Aufnahme des Gabetheorems in die Struktur intersubjektiver Anerkennungsverhältnisse, weil so die harmonisierenden Symmetrieeffekte gängiger Anerkennungstheorien vermieden werden können. Allerdings lässt sich, anders als bei Ricoeur, das Potential dieser Anregung nur ausschöpfen – so der Vorschlag –, wenn man Gabe- und Alteritätstheorie zusammenführt.

An antifungal activity against Mucor hiemalis was detected in the culture broth of Sorangium cellulosum (Myxococcales) strain So ce90. The activity was excreted into the supernatant during the log and early stationary phase. When the adsorber resin XAD-16 was added to the culture, the active metabolites were quantitatively bound to the resin. The epothilons showed a high cytotoxicity for animal cells and mimic the biological effects of taxol (BOLLAG et al., Cancer Res. 55: 2325 approximately 2333, 1995).

Objective— Endothelial microparticles (EMP) are released from activated or apoptotic cells, but their effect on target cells and the exact way of incorporation are largely unknown. We sought to determine the uptake mechanism and the biological effect of EMP on endothelial and endothelial-regenerating cells. Methods and Results— EMP were generated from starved endothelial cells and isolated by ultracentrifugation. Caspase 3 activity assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay showed that EMP protect target endothelial cells against apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Proteomic analysis was performed to identify molecules contained in EMP, which might be involved in EMP uptake. Expression of annexin I in EMP was found and confirmed by Western blot, whereas the corresponding receptor phosphatidylserine receptor was present on endothelial target cells. Silencing either annexin I on EMP or phosphatidylserine receptor on target cells using small interfering RNA showed that the uptake of EMP by human coronary artery endothelial cells is annexin I/phosphatidylserine receptor dependent. Annexin I–downregulated EMP abrogated the EMP-mediated protection against apoptosis of endothelial target cells. p38 activation was found to mediate camptothecin-induced apoptosis. Finally, human coronary artery endothelial cells pretreated with EMP inhibited camptothecin-induced p38 activation. Conclusion— EMP are incorporated by endothelial cells in an annexin I/phosphatidylserine receptor–dependent manner and protect target cells against apoptosis. Inhibition of p38 activity is involved in EMP-mediated protection against apoptosis.

Einleitung: Die Epworth-Schläfrigkeits-Skala (ESS) wird zur Beurteilung der Tagesschläfrigkeit über einen längeren Zeitraum routinemäßig bei Patienten mit schlafbezogenen Atemstörungen (SBAS) eingesetzt. Es liegen keine Daten über den Einfluss der aktuellen Vigilanz[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 83. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie

Introduction: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is used to assess daytime sleepiness over a period of time routinely in patients with sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD). There is no data available on the impact of the current vigilance at the particular time completing the ESS. Differing ESS-scores[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 83rd Annual Meeting of the German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery

An antifungal activity was detected in the culture broth of Sorangium cellulosum (Myxococcales), strain So ce26. The activity was excreted into the supernatant during the log and early stationary phase. The active substance was quantitatively bound to XAD absorber resin added to the medium at the beginning of the fermentation. The new secondary metabolite was called soraphen and is of special interest to plant disease control for its inhibitory activity against numerous phytopathogenic fungi.

Die philosophische Entdeckung der Anderen stellt die Geburtsstunde der modernen Sozialphilosophie dar. Wie wir gesellschaftliches Miteinander verstehen, hängt davon ab, wie wir die Anderen sehen. Ob wir Anderen als Spiegelbilder unserer selbst, als Vertreter einer allgemein menschlichen Vernunft oder als unzugängliche Gegenüber begegnen, entscheidet darüber, ob wir das Soziale wesentlich als konflikthaft oder versöhnt begreifen. Dieser Band führt anhand der wechselvollen philosophischen Problemgeschichte der Anderen in die Sozialphilosophie ein. Er gibt einen historischen wie systematischen Überblick über die wichtigsten Theorien und Positionen dieser aktuellen Teildisziplin und zeigt, dass eine Philosophie, die von der Erfahrung des Anderen als Anderem Rechenschaft abzulegen versucht, in eine Ethik der Alterität mündet.