195 results on '"Beatriz Schwantes Marimon"'
Search Results
152. Floristics of floodplain 'murundus' of the Pantanal of Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Micheli Cristina Moresco, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Eddie Lenza, Halina Soares Jancoski, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Amintas Nazareth Rossete, Henrique Augusto Mews, Daniel David Franczak, and Herson Souza Lima
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campo graminoso ,flooding ,Planície de Inundação do Araguaia ,Erythroxylum suberosum ,Planície de inundação ,inundação ,Plant Science ,grassland ,Araguaia Floodplain - Abstract
O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar e comparar a riqueza e a composição de espécies de angiospermas entre campos de murundus (CM) do Parque Estadual do Araguaia (PEA), em uma das maiores planícies de inundação do Brasil. O PEA localiza-se em Novo Santo Antônio, Mato Grosso, sendo delimitado a leste pelo Rio Araguaia e a oeste pelo Rio das Mortes. Foram realizadas coletas intensivas da flora em 11 hectares, e áreas adjacentes, de CM distribuídos ao longo do PEA. Estudos do meio físico foram realizados através de descrições in situ. Os solos são do tipo Plintossolo, hidromórficos minerais, profundos, imperfeitamente a mal drenados, com baixa permeabilidade. No total foram coletadas 318 espécies, 193 gêneros e 66 famílias. Nos CM os valores variaram de 51 a 135 espécies, 42 a 107 gêneros e 27 a 52 famílias. Erythroxylum suberosum foi considerada uma espécie típica de CM brasileiros, Curatella americana típica de CM de Mato Grosso e Byrsonima cydoniifolia típica do PEA. O padrão físico e de distribuição espacial dos murundus pode ser um reflexo do pulso de inundação sazonal, visto que a composição florística dos campos de murundus variou entre as áreas de influência dos rios que delimitam o parque. Este foi o maior levantamento florístico já realizado em CM, permitindo relevante ampliação do conhecimento e registro de espécies típicas do Bioma Cerrado e que ocorrem nessa fitofisionomia. This study aimed to compare angiosperm species richness and composition between floodplain 'murundus' (FM) of Araguaia State Park (ASP) in one of Brazil´s largest floodplains. ASP is located in Novo Santo Antônio, Mato Grosso state, and is bordered on the east by the Araguaia River, and on the west by Das Mortes River. Intensive floristic inventories were made on 11 hectares, and adjacent areas, of FM distributed over ASP. Environmental studies were performed by in situ descriptions. The soils are deep, mineral hydromorphic plinthosols, imperfectly to poorly drained, with low permeability. A total of 318 species, 193 genera and 66 families were collected, and FM values ranged from 51 to 135 species, 42 to 107 genera and 27 to 52 families. Erythroxylum suberosum is a typical species of Brazilian FM, Curatella americana typical of Mato Grosso FM and Byrsonima cydoniifolia typical of the ASP. The physical and spatial distribution pattern of the "murundus" (earthmounds) may reflect the seasonal flood pulse, since the floristic composition of the FM varied between the areas under the influence of the rivers that border the park. This was the largest floristic inventory ever undertaken in FM, with a significant increase in our knowledge and recording of typical species of the Cerrado Biome which occur in this phytophysiognomy.
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- 2012
153. Influence of edaphic variables on the floristic composition and structure of the tree-shrub vegetation in typical and rocky outcrop cerrado areas in Serra Negra, Goiás State, Brazil
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Leandro Maracahipes, Josenilton de Farias, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Mariângela Fernandes Abreu, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Letícia Gomes, Eddie Lenza, and José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto
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Arboreal locomotion ,rocky outcrops ,Ecology ,ved/biology ,Conservação ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Afloramento (Geologia) ,conservation ,Tibouchina papyrus ,Edaphic ,Plant Science ,Vegetation ,Generalist and specialist species ,Shrub ,savanna ,Floristics ,Geography ,Habitat ,Savanas ,Solos ,soils - Abstract
The present study analyzed the influence of edaphic variables on the floristic compositions and structures of the arboreal and shrub vegetation of typical cerrado (TC) and rocky outcrop cerrado (RC) communities in the Serra Negra mountain range in Piranhas Municipality, Goiás State, Brazil. Ten 20 × 50 m plots were established in each community, and all individuals with minimum diameters ≥ 5 cm measured at 30 cm above soil level were sampled. Composite soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm depths in each plot for physical and chemical analyses. The proportions of above-ground rock cover work also estimated in each RC plot. A total of 2,009 individuals (83 species, 69 genera, and 34 families) were recorded. Qualea parviflora was the only species consistently among the 10 most structurally important taxa in both communities, and was considered a generalist species. The observed and estimated species richnesses were greater in RC than in TC, although plant basal areas and heights did not differ between them. There were positive correlations between rock cover × plant density and rock cover × basal areas. TWINSPAN and PCA analysis separated the TC and RC plots, and three RC habitat specialist species (Wunderlichia mirabilis, Norantea guianensis, and Tibouchina papyrus) were identified. Soil variables were found to have greater effects on the species compositions of the TC and RC sites than the geographic distances between sampling plots. According to CCA analysis, the exclusive (or more abundant species) of each community were correlated with soil variables, and these variables therefore determined the selection of some species and influenced the differentiation of the vegetation structures of the communities studied.
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- 2012
154. Phylogenetic diversity of Amazonian tree communities
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Esteban Álvarez, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, William F. Laurance, Oliver L. Phillips, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Hans ter Steege, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Walter Palacios Cuenca, John Terborgh, David A. Neill, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Eric Arets, Hirma Ramírez Angulo, Susan G. Laurance, Wilson Roberto Spironello, Carlos A. Quesada, Ted R. Feldpausch, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, Adriana Prieto, Niro Higuchi, Miguel Alexiades, Christopher Baraloto, Simon L. Lewis, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Vincent A. Vos, Ana Andrade, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Carlos Cerón, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Gerardo Aymard, Anthony Di Fiore, Nigel C. A. Pitman, R. Toby Pennington, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Roel J. W. Brienen, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Jérôme Chave, Norma Salinas Revilla, Damien Bonal, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Kyle G. Dexter, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Marisol Toledo, William Farfan-Rios, Agustín Rudas, Miles R. Silman, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Garden [Edinburgh], Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Kent [Canterbury], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Programa Cienclas Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare, Herbario Universitario PORT, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program [Madre de Dios], University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), James Cook University (JCU), Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Chercheur indépendant, Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Duke University [Durham], Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Inst Boliviano Invest Forestal, Santa Cruz 10260, Bolivia, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), European Project: 282664,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,AMAZALERT(2011), Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Fitzpatrick, Matthew C., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, University of Leeds, Kyle G. Dexter, University of Edinburgh / Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, R. Toby Pennington, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Jérôme Chave, CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier, Simon L. Lewis, University of Leeds / University College London, Miguel N. Alexiades, University of Kent, Esteban Alvarez, Jardín Botânico de Medellín, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Projeto TEAM - INPA, Iêda L. Amaral, PROJETO TEAM - INPA, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado & Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Eric J. M. M. Arets, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Gerardo A. Aymard, UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Christopher Baraloto, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique / Florida International University, Damien Bonal, INRA-Université de Lorraine, Roel Brienen, University of Leeds, Carlos Cerón, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Anthony Di Fiore, University of Texas, William Farfan-Rios, Wake Forest University, Ted R. Feldpausch, University of Exeter, Niro Higuchi, INPA, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Susan G. Laurance, Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, William F. Laurance, Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Gabriela López-Gonzalez, University of Leeds, Beatriz S. Marimon, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, JardíN Botánico de Missouri, David Neill, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Universidad Técnica del Norte & Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Duke University / The Field Museum, Adriana Prieto, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carlos A. Quesada, INPA, Hirma Ramirez Angulo, Universidad de Los Andes, Agustín Rudas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ADEMIR ROBERTO RUSCHEL, CPATU, Norma Salinas Revilla, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco / University of Oxford, Rafael P. Salomão, MPEG, Ana Segalin de Andrade, INPA, Miles R. Silman, Wake Forest University, Wilson Spironello, PROJETO TEAM - INPA, Hans ter Steege, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Utrecht University, John Terborgh, Duke University, Marisol Toledo, Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal / Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Ima C. G. Vieira, MPEG, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Universidad de Los Andes, Vincent Vos, Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Oliver L. Phillips, University of Leeds., and Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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0106 biological sciences ,Lineage (evolution) ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,Liliopsida ,Árvore ,Monocots ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Filogenética ,Magnoliophyta ,Phylogenetic diversity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Plant Community ,Forest and Landscape Ecology ,species richness ,Clade ,Vegetatie ,Monocotyledon ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Vegetation ,Forest inventory ,Phylogenetic tree ,Amazon rainforest ,Ecology ,Magnoliids ,Amazonia ,15. Life on land ,Phylogenetics ,Taxon ,Dicotyledon ,Diversidade ,phylogenetic diversity ,Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology ,Species richness ,Amazon basin ,Eudicots - Abstract
Aim: To examine variation in the phylogenetic diversity (PD) of tree communities across geographical and environmental gradients in Amazonia. Location: Two hundred and eighty-three c. 1 ha forest inventory plots from across Amazonia. Methods: We evaluated PD as the total phylogenetic branch length across species in each plot (PDss), the mean pairwise phylogenetic distance between species (MPD), the mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) and their equivalents standardized for species richness (ses.PDss, ses.MPD, ses.MNTD). We compared PD of tree communities growing (1) on substrates of varying geological age; and (2) in environments with varying ecophysiological barriers to growth and survival. Results: PDss is strongly positively correlated with species richness (SR), whereas MNTD has a negative correlation. Communities on geologically young- and intermediate-aged substrates (western and central Amazonia respectively) have the highest SR, and therefore the highest PDss and the lowest MNTD. We find that the youngest and oldest substrates (the latter on the Brazilian and Guiana Shields) have the highest ses.PDss and ses.MNTD. MPD and ses.MPD are strongly correlated with how evenly taxa are distributed among the three principal angiosperm clades and are both highest in western Amazonia. Meanwhile, seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) and forests on white sands have low PD, as evaluated by any metric. Main conclusions: High ses.PDss and ses.MNTD reflect greater lineage diversity in communities. We suggest that high ses.PDss and ses.MNTD in western Amazonia results from its favourable, easy-to-colonize environment, whereas high values in the Brazilian and Guianan Shields may be due to accumulation of lineages over a longer period of time. White-sand forests and SDTF are dominated by close relatives from fewer lineages, perhaps reflecting ecophysiological barriers that are difficult to surmount evolutionarily. Because MPD and ses.MPD do not reflect lineage diversity per se, we suggest that PDss, ses.PDss and ses.MNTD may be the most useful diversity metrics for setting large-scale conservation priorities. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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- 2015
155. Annual variation in soil respiration and its component parts in two structurally contrasting woody savannas in Central Brazil
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Andre Butler, Patrick Meir, John Grace, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Gustavo Saiz, and Leandro Maracahipes
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Soil respiration ,Wet season ,Ecology ,Dry season ,Soil Science ,Environmental science ,Ecosystem ,Plant Science ,Vegetation ,Precipitation ,Plant litter ,Water content - Abstract
Background and aims: Due to the high spatial and temporal variation in soil CO₂ efflux, terrestrial carbon budgets rely on a detailed understanding of the drivers of soil respiration from a diverse range of ecosystems and climate zones. In this study we aim to evaluate the independent influence of vegetation structure and climate on soil CO₂ efflux within cerrado ecosystems. Methods: We examine the seasonal and diel variation of soil CO₂ efflux, including its autotrophic and heterotrophic components, within two adjacent and structurally contrasting woody savannas in central Brazil. Principle results: We found no significant difference in the annual soil CO₂ efflux between the two stands (p=0.53) despite a clear disparity in both LAI (p
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- 2011
156. Mudanças na estrutura de um cerradão em um período de seis anos, na transição Cerrado-Floresta Amazônica, Mato Grosso, Brasil
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Leandro Maracahipes, Daniel David Franczak, Henrique Augusto Mews, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, and Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
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structural changes ,Tachigali vulgaris ,Pioneer species ,Cerrados ,Xylopia aromatica ,Tachigali ,Community structure ,Mudança estrutural ,Forestry ,Plant Science ,Vegetation ,Horticulture ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,parcelas permanentes ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Basal area ,Hirtella glandulosa ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Tachi-branco ,Community dynamics ,lcsh:Botany ,permanent plots ,alterações estruturais ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Vegetation changes in transition zones are still poorly studied. Changes in the vegetation structure of a savanna forest (cerradão) were assessed in the Amazon-Cerrado transition (14º42'2.3"S; 52º21'2.6"W), eastern Mato Grosso, within a period of six years (2002, 2005 and 2008). In 2002, fifty plots of 10 × 10 m were set up, where all trees with DSH30 ≥ 5 cm were measured; in 2005 and 2008 the plots were re-inventoried. In 2008, 84 species from 70 genera and 37 families were sampled; absolute density was 1,998 individuals/ha and basal area was 25.95 m2.ha-1. On the one hand, the absolute density of live individuals decreased from 2005 to 2008 (2,066 individuals/ha); on the other hand, the basal area increased in 2008 compared to 2005 (23.56 m2.ha-1) and 2002 (1,884 individuals/ha and 21.38 m2.ha-1). The species with the highest importance value in the period were Hirtella glandulosa, Tachigali vulgaris and Xylopia aromatica. Except for these three species, all other species underwent hierarchic changes in the importance value, indicating that most species frequently alternate. Community structure exhibited changes throughout the period; hence, we suggest investigations on the role of T. vulgaris in these changes, since environmental conditions caused by gap opening from the fall of senile individuals of this pioneer species with a short life cycle may contribute to community dynamics. Resumo Mudanças na vegetação em zonas de transição são ainda pouco estudadas. Foram avaliadas as mudanças na estrutura da vegetação de um cerradão na transição Cerrado-Floresta Amazônica (14º42'2,3"S e 52º21'2,6"W), no leste de Mato Grosso, em um período de seis anos (2002, 2005 e 2008). Em 2002 foram estabelecidas 50 parcelas de 10 × 10 m, medidas todas as árvores com DAS30 ≥ 5 cm e em 2005 e 2008 as parcelas foram reinventariadas. Em 2008 foram amostradas 84 espécies, 70 gêneros e 37 famílias, a densidade absoluta foi de 1.998 indivíduos/ha e a área basal de 25,95 m2.ha-1. A densidade absoluta dos indivíduos vivos diminuiu em relação a 2005 (2.066 ind/ha); em contrapartida, a área basal aumentou em relação a 2005 (23,56 m2.ha-1) e 2002 (1.884 ind/ha e 21,38 m2.ha-1). As espécies com maior valor de importância nos períodos analisados foram Hirtella glandulosa, Tachigali vulgaris e Xylopia aromatica. Com exceção destas três espécies, todas as demais sofreram alterações hierárquicas no valor de importância, indicando que a maioria das espécies está se alternando frequentemente. Como a estrutura da comunidade apresentou mudanças entre os períodos estudados, sugerimos investigações sobre o papel de T. vulgaris nessas mudanças, uma vez que as condições ambientais ocasionadas pela abertura de clareiras em função da queda de indivíduos senis desta espécie pioneira e de ciclo de vida curto podem estar contribuindo na dinâmica da comunidade.
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- 2011
157. Resilience of savanna forest after clear-cutting in the cerrado-amazon transition zone
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Paulo S. Morandi, Letícia Gomes, Simone Matias Reis, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Edson Galindo Freire, Eddie Lenza, and Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
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Clearcutting ,degraded areas. natural regeneration. species richness. ecological succession ,Amazon rainforest ,Ecology ,QH301-705.5 ,Species diversity ,Agriculture ,Vegetation ,Ecological succession ,Biology ,Basal area ,Species richness ,Biology (General) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Restoration ecology - Abstract
The dynamics of the natural process of recuperation of the structure and diversity of native vegetation following anthropogenic disturbance has been the subject of a great deal of controversy in restoration ecology research. The present study evaluates the natural regeneration of savanna forest ( cerradao ) 32 and 36 years after the clear-cutting of the vegetation. We compared species diversity, and the structure and dynamics of the vegetation in two communities, one representing preserved cerradao (PC), and the other, the regenerating cerradao (RC), which was clear-cut in 1976. Surveys were conducted in 2008 and 2012, 32 and 36 years after clear-cutting, respectively. In 2008, we demarcated 81 permanent 10 m x 10 m plots, 50 in the RC and 31 in the PC, and measured all live plants with a diameter at soil level > 5 cm. In 2012, the plots were resampled, including the original plants and all the recruits. The species were classified as specialists in savanna (SA) or forest habitat (FO), or as generalists (SA/FO). The RC presented the highest species richness and diversity, density, annual increment, and mortality rates. However, no significant differences were found between communities in the distribution of specialist or generalist species, or between years (2008 and 2012) in basal area or recruitment rates. While the species composition of the two communities is highly similar, the RC was characterized by a higher frequency of SA species, and was more similar to nearby savanna communities (cerrado sensu stricto ). Trees in the RC were smaller and suffered higher rates of mortality than those in the PC, but also higher annual increments. While the RC demonstrated a high degree of resilience following clear-cutting, it was still found to be at an intermediate stage of succession, even after almost four decades, indicating that regeneration is a slow process.
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- 2015
158. Post-fire dynamics of the woody vegetation of a savanna forest (Cerradão) in the Cerrado-Amazon transition zone
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Mônica Forsthofer, Paulo S. Morandi, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Eddie Lenza, Fernando Elias, Letícia Gomes, Ted R. Feldpausch, and Simone Matias Reis
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Biomass (ecology) ,biology ,Ecology ,Conservação ,Tachigali ,Diameter at breast height ,conservation ,Species diversity ,Forestry ,Solo - uso ,Plant Science ,Vegetation ,biology.organism_classification ,mortality ,Incêndios ,wildfire ,Basal area ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,land-use change ,structural and floristic changes ,lcsh:Botany ,parasitic diseases ,Mortalidade ,Species richness ,Woody plant - Abstract
Fire can change the species composition, diversity, and structure of savanna vegetation, thus altering growth and mortality rates. Such changes in the woody vegetation of burned savanna forest were evaluated over four years in comparison to unburned savanna forest. All woody plants with a diameter at breast height > 10 cm were measured in 100 permanent plots. Six months later, 38 of these plots were burned. Three and a half years later, all surviving individuals were re-sampled. Species richness, diversity, and the number of individuals did not change in the burned plots, although they had significantly higher (p < 0.05) increases in basal area and mortality rates (5.1% year-1) than the unburned plots (3.0% year-1).Tachigali vulgarishad the greatest post-fire increase in basal area (53%). The results indicate that fire alters the dynamics and structure of the savanna forest, excluding the less fire-tolerant species and smaller individuals (? 15cm). Tachigali vulgaris is a key species for the recovery of savanna forest biomass due to its considerable post-fire gains in basal area, at least over the short term due to its short life cycle. It follows that frequent burning of savanna forest would result in a marked change in the species composition and structure of its woody vegetation.
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- 2015
159. Impact of biochar on nitrous oxide emissions from upland rice
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Fabiano André Petter, Leidimar Alves de Morais, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, and Larissa Borges de Lima
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Environmental Engineering ,Denitrification ,Nitrogen ,Randomized block design ,Nitrous Oxide ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Upland rice ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Soil ,Soil pH ,Biochar ,Biomass ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Water content ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Sowing ,Oryza ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Nitrous oxide ,Nitrification ,Carbon ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Charcoal ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science - Abstract
The objective of this research was to assess the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil amended with biochar in the culture of upland rice. The experiment was conducted in the field in a Cerrado Haplic Plinthosol under randomized block experimental design. The treatments consisted of fertilization with 100 kg N ha(-1) split into two applications, 60% at sowing and 40% at 45 days after crop emergence, combined with four doses of biochar (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha(-1)), with four replications. The application of N and the emission of N2O, moisture retention and soil temperature, respiration (C-CO2), microbial biomass carbon in the soil (C-SMB), total nitrogen (TN), pH and agronomic efficiency in N use (AENu) were evaluated five years after the application of biochar. There was a significant correlation of the application of biochar with moisture retention (r = 0.94**), N2O emission (r = 0.86**) and soil pH (r = 0.65*), and N2O emissions showed a positive correlation (p
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- 2015
160. Structural, physiognomic and above-ground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents - How different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations?
- Author
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Keith J. Bloomfield, J. Gignoux, Jon Lloyd, Michael I. Bird, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Daniel Villarroel, Kalu Davies, Halidou Compaore, Michael P. Schwarz, Tomas F. Domingues, Heloisa Sinatora Miranda, J Kemp, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Andrew Ford, Gloria Djagbletey, J. A. Ratter, Ted R. Feldpausch, Gustavo Saiz, G. Ceca, Louis Zapfack, Daniel J. Metcalfe, F. Yoko Ishida, Eric Mougin, Fidele Hien, F. Gerard, Mireia Torello-Raventos, Michelle L. Johnson, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Karle Sykora, Gabriela Bielefeld Nardoto, Martin Gilpin, Pierre Hiernaux, Bonaventure Sonké, Carlos A. Quesada, Timothy J. Killeen, John Grace, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Oliver L. Phillips, Adama Diallo, Denise Sasaki, Elmar Veenendaal, Franziska Schrodt, Simon L. Lewis, Leandro Maracahipes, L. Arroyo, Marc K. Steininger, Eddie Lenza, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Chercheur indépendant, Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie [ENS Yaoudé], Université de Yaoundé I-École normale supérieure [ENS] - Yaoundé 1, School of Geography, Earth and Biosphere Institute, University of Leeds, Museo Noel Kempff Mercado, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation Int., Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Edinburgh, Earth and Biosphere Institute, School of Geography, The Royal Society, Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé]-École normale supérieure [ENS] - Yaoundé 1, University of Greenwich, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Canopy ,0106 biological sciences ,national-park ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,05 Environmental Sciences ,lcsh:Life ,alternative stable states ,01 natural sciences ,Aboveground Biomass ,Remote Sensing ,Savanna ,ddc:550 ,Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences ,Vegetation Type ,Geosciences, Multidisciplinary ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Biomass (ecology) ,Understory ,Ecology ,Leaf Area Index ,Grass ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,Geology ,Vegetation ,PE&RC ,Transition Zone ,southern africa ,Physical Sciences ,amazonian forest ,Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Forest transition ,Woody plant ,tropical forest ,[INFO.INFO-CC]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Complexity [cs.CC] ,04 Earth Sciences ,Environmental Sciences & Ecology ,Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation ,ECOFISIOLOGIA VEGETAL ,Poaceae ,functional types ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Ecology and Environment ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,Climate Effect ,Alternative stable state ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,brazilian cerrado ,Bosecologie en Bosbeheer ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,cerrado vegetation ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Earth-Surface Processes ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Woody Plant ,Tree canopy ,Herb ,Science & Technology ,tree height ,Australia ,South America ,06 Biological Sciences ,15. Life on land ,[INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation ,Floristics ,Forest Ecology and Forest Management ,lcsh:Geology ,Earth sciences ,lcsh:QH501-531 ,13. Climate action ,Forest Canopy ,Africa ,lcsh:Ecology ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Coexistence ,woody vegetation - Abstract
Through interpretations of remote-sensing data and/or theoretical propositions, the idea that forest and savanna represent "alternative stable states" is gaining increasing acceptance. Filling an observational gap, we present detailed stratified floristic and structural analyses for forest and savanna stands located mostly within zones of transition (where both vegetation types occur in close proximity) in Africa, South America and Australia. Woody plant leaf area index variation was related to tree canopy cover in a similar way for both savanna and forest with substantial overlap between the two vegetation types. As total woody plant canopy cover increased, so did the relative contribution of middle and lower strata of woody vegetation. Herbaceous layer cover declined as woody cover increased. This pattern of understorey grasses and herbs progressively replaced by shrubs as the canopy closes over was found for both savanna and forests and on all continents. Thus, once subordinate woody canopy layers are taken into account, a less marked transition in woody plant cover across the savanna–forest-species discontinuum is observed compared to that inferred when trees of a basal diameter > 0.1 m are considered in isolation. This is especially the case for shrub-dominated savannas and in taller savannas approaching canopy closure. An increased contribution of forest species to the total subordinate cover is also observed as savanna stand canopy closure occurs. Despite similarities in canopy-cover characteristics, woody vegetation in Africa and Australia attained greater heights and stored a greater amount of above-ground biomass than in South America. Up to three times as much above-ground biomass is stored in forests compared to savannas under equivalent climatic conditions. Savanna–forest transition zones were also found to typically occur at higher precipitation regimes for South America than for Africa. Nevertheless, consistent across all three continents coexistence was found to be confined to a well-defined edaphic–climate envelope with soil and climate the key determinants of the relative location of forest and savanna stands. Moreover, when considered in conjunction with the appropriate water availability metrics, it emerges that soil exchangeable cations exert considerable control on woody canopy-cover extent as measured in our pan-continental (forest + savanna) data set. Taken together these observations do not lend support to the notion of alternate stable states mediated through fire feedbacks as the prime force shaping the distribution of the two dominant vegetation types of the tropical lands.
- Published
- 2015
161. Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species
- Author
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Ted R. Feldpausch, Naara Ferreira da Silva, A C Gerardo Aymard, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Milton Tirado, Egleé L. Zent, Nállarett Dávila, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Therany Gonzales, Dário Dantas do Amaral, Francisco Dallmeier, Maria Natalia Umaña Medina, William Milliken, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Rafael L. Assis, Natalia Targhetta, César I.A. Vela, Miguel Alexiades, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Henrik Balslev, Ophelia Wang, Patricio von Hildebrand, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, José Ferreira Ramos, Alfonso Alonso, Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Bruce Hoffman, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Jean-Louis Guillaumet, Alberto Vincentini, Bruno Garcia Luize, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Corine Vriesendorp, José Luís Camargo, Cláudia Baider, Dairon Cárdenas López, Álvaro Javier Duque Montoya, Adriana Prieto, Natalino Silva, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, Christopher Baraloto, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Hans ter Steege, Deborah de Castro, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Carvalho, Ademir R. Ruschell, Tinde van Andel, Maria Pires Martins, Yadvinder Malhi, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Agustín Rudas, Marisol Toledo, Luiz de Souza Coelho, Mariana Victória Irume, Terry W. Henkel, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Peter M. Jørgensen, Ben-Hur Marimon, Juliana Stropp, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Daniel Sabatier, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, James A. Comiskey, Thaise Emilio, Roderick Zagt, Gabriel Damasco, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Lionel Hernández, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, William Farfan-Rios, Rodrigo Sierra, Florian Wittmann, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, William E. Magnusson, Miles R. Silman, Anthony Di Fiore, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Daniel Villarroel, Carolina Levis, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Italo Mesones, Priscila Souza, Carolina V. Castilho, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Katia Regina Casula, Jochen Schöngart, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, Juan Fernando Phillips, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carlos Cerón, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Flávia R. C. Costa, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Stanford Zent, Daniela Pauletto, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Ana Andrade, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Paul V. A. Fine, Timothy R. Baker, Carlos A. Peres, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Hernán Castellanos, M. P. Pansonato, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Marcelo F. Simon, Casimiro Mendoza, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, William F. Laurance, Jean-François Molino, Ángela Cano, Juliana Schietti, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Luzmila Arroyo, Doug Daly, Julien Engel, Natalia de Castro, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Cid Ferreira, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Oliver L. Phillips, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, Kenneth R. Young, Pascal Petronelli, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, Timothy J. Killeen, Susamar Pansini, Paul J. M. Maas, Charles E. Zartman, Vincent A. Vos, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Rogério Gribel, Roel J. W. Brienen, Juan Carlos Montero, Hugo Mogollón, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Duke University [Durham], Universidad de Las Américas [Ecuador] (UDLA), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Coordenac Bao de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Missouri Bot Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, James Cook University (JCU), School of Geography [Leeds], Department of Integrative Biology, Bot Grad Program, Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, University of Edinburgh, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, MRC 705, Box 37012, Washington, DC, VA 20013-7012, USA, Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas, Department of Integrative Biology [Berkeley] (IB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Humboldt State University (HSU), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Department of Botany, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Chercheur indépendant, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford [Oxford], Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt' (IMT AvH), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Geoinformática y Sistemas , Cia. Ltda (GeoIS), School of Geography, University of Oxford, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Instituto de Manejo Forestal, University of Kent [Canterbury], Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Alberta Mennega Stichting, ALCOA Suriname, Amazon Conservation Association, Banco de la Republica, CELOS Suriname, CAPES (PNPG), Conselho Nacional de Desenvovimento Cientifico e Tecnologico of Brazil (CNPq), PELD [558069/2009-6, 403792/2012-6], PRONEX-FAPEAM [1600/2006], Areas Umidas, MAUA, PPBio, PVE [004/2012], Universal [479599/2008-4, 3078072009-6], FAPEAM [DCR/2006], Hidroveg, FAPESP, PRONEX, Colciencias, CONICIT, Duke University, Ecopetrol, FEPIM [044/2003], The Field Museum, Conservation International/DC, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Guyana Forestry Commission, Investissement d'Avenir grant of the French ANR [ANR-10-LABX-0025], IVIC, Margaret Mee Amazon Trust, Miquel fonds, MCTI-Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi-Proc [407232/2013-3-PVE-MEC/MCTI/CAPES/CNPq], National Geographic Society [7754-04, 8047-06, 6679-99, 7435-03, 8481-08], NSF Dissertation Improvement, Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research WOTRO [WB85-335, W84-581], Primate Conservation Inc., Programme Ecosystemes Tropicaux (French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development), Shell Prospecting and Development Peru, Smithsonian Institution's Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program, Stichting het van Eeden-fonds, The Body Shop, The Ministry of the Environment of Ecuador, TROBIT, Tropenbos International, U.S. National Science Foundation [NSF-0743457, NSF0101775, NSF-0918591], USAID, Variety Woods Guyana, Wenner-Gren Foundation, WWF-Brazil, WWF-Guianas, Xlleme Contrat de Plan Etat Region-Guyane (French Government and European Union), European Union, UK Natural Environment Research Council, Gordon and BettyMoore Foundation, European Research Council Advanced Grant, Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, [NSF-0726797], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Oxford, Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI), ter Steege, Hans, Hans ter Steege, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Utrecht University, Nigel C. A. Pitman, The Field Museum / Duke University, Timothy J. Killeen, Agteca-Amazonica, William F. Laurance, James Cook University, Carlos A. Peres, University of East Anglia, Juan Ernesto Guevara, University of California / Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Rafael P. Salomão, MPEG, CAROLINA VOLKMER DE CASTILHO, CPAF-RR, Iêda Leão Amaral, INPA, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, INPA, Luiz de Souza Coelho, INPA, William E. Magnusson, INPA, Oliver L. Phillips, University of Leeds, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, INPA, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, IEPA, Mariana Victória Irume, INPA, Maria Pires Martins, INPA, Jean-François Molino, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Daniel Sabatier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Florian Wittmann, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Dairon Cárdenas López, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, IEPA, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Percy Núñez Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, UFRO, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, UFRO, John Terborgh, Duke University, Katia Regina Casula, UFRO, Juan Carlos Montero, INPA / Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Ted R. Feldpausch, University of Leeds / University of Exeter, Euridice N. Honorio Coronado, University of Leeds / Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Alvaro Javier Duque Montoya, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Charles Eugene Zartman, INPA, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Rodolfo Vasquez, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Rafael L. Assis, INPA, MARCELO BRILHANTE DE MEDEIROS, CENARGEN, MARCELO FRAGOMENI SIMON, CENARGEN, Ana Andrade, INPA, José Luís Camargo, INPA, Susan G. W. Laurance, James Cook University, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento, INPA, Beatriz S. Marimon, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Ben-Hur Marimon Jr., Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Flávia Costa, INPA, Natalia Targhetta, INPA, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, MPEG, Roel Brienen, University of Leeds, Hernán Castellanos, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, University of Amsterdam, Hugo F. Mogollón, Endangered Species Coalition, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, INPA, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, James A. Comiskey, National Park Service, Gabriel Damasco, University of California, Nállarett Dávila, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, University of Edinburgh / Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh, Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz, Universidad de los Andes, Alberto Vincentini, INPA, Thaise Emilio, INPA / Royal Botanic Gardens, Carolina Levis, INPA / University of Wageningen, Juliana Schietti, INPA, Priscila Souza, INPA, Alfonso Alonso, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Francisco Dallmeier, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Leandro Valle Ferreira, MPEG, David Neill, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Luzmila Arroyo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, INPA, Fernanda Coelho Souza, INPA, Dário Dantas do Amaral, MPEG, Rogerio Gribel, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Bruno Garcia Luize, INPA, Marcelo Petrati Pansonato, INPA, Eduardo Venticinque, UFRN, Paul Fine, University of California, Marisol Toledo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Chris Baraloto, INRA / Florida International University, Carlos Cerón, Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, Julien Engel, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS, Terry W. Henkel, Humboldt State University, Eliana M. Jimenez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, Paul Maas, Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Pascal Petronelli, INRA, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, INPA, Marcos Silveira, UFAC, Juliana Stropp, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission / Federal University of Alagoas, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation, Tim R. Baker, University of Leeds, Doug Daly, New York Botanical Garden, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Naara Ferreira da Silva, INPA, Alfredo Fuentes, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, Peter Møller Jørgensen, Missouri Botanical Garden, Jochen Schöngart, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Miles R. Silman, Wake Forest University, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, INPA, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Anthony Di Fiore, University of Texas at Austin, Juan Fernando Phillips, Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, Tinde R. van Andel, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Patricio von Hildebrand, Fundación Estación de Biología, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, INPA, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, INPA, Deborah de Castro, INPA, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Therany Gonzales, ACEER Foundation, Jean-Louis Guillaumet, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle de Paris, Bruce Hoffman, Amazon Conservation Team, Yadvinder Malhi, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, INPA, Adriana Prieto, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Agustín Rudas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ADEMIR ROBERTO RUSCHEL, CPATU, Natalino Silva, UFRA, César I. A. Vela, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Vincent A. Vos, Universidad Autónoma del Beni / Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, Eglée L. Zent, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Stanford Zent, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Angela Cano, Universidad de los Andes, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Alexandre A. Oliveira, USP, Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, José Ferreira Ramos, INPA, Rodrigo Sierra, GeoIS, Milton Tirado, GeoIS, Maria Natalia Umaña Medina, University of Maryland, Geertje van der Heijden, University ofWisconsin-Milwaukee, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Corine Vriesendorp, The Field Museum, Ophelia Wang, Northern Arizona University, Kenneth R. Young, University of Texas at Austin, Claudia Baider, USP / Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, The Mauritius Herbarium, Henrik Balslev, Aarhus University, Natalia de Castro, INPA, William Farfan-Rios, Wake Forest University, Cid Ferreira, INPA, Casimiro Mendoza, FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia / UniversidadMayor de San Simon, Italo Mesones, University of California, Armando Torres-Lezama, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Daniel Villarroel, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Roderick Zagt, Tropenbos International, Miguel N. Alexiades, University of Kent, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Wake Forest University, Lionel Hernandez, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, William Milliken, Royal Botanic Gardens, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Susamar Pansini, UFRO, Daniela Pauletto, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, UFRO, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana / University of Missouri, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jardín Botánico de Missouri., HANS TER STEEGE, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Utrecht University, NIGEL C. A. PITMAN, The Field Museum / Duke University, TIMOTHY J. KILLEEN, Agteca-Amazonica, WILLIAM F. LAURANCE, James Cook University, CARLOS A. PERES, University of East Anglia, JUAN ERNESTO GUEVARA, University of California / Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, RAFAEL P. SALOMÃO, MPEG, IÊDA LEÃO AMARAL, INPA, FRANCISCA DIONÍZIA DE ALMEIDA MATOS, INPA, LUIZ DE SOUZA COELHO, INPA, WILLIAM E. MAGNUSSON, INPA, OLIVER L. PHILLIPS, University of Leeds, DIOGENES DE ANDRADE LIMA FILHO, INPA, MARCELO DE JESUS VEIGA CARIM, IEPA, MARIANA VICTÓRIA IRUME, INPA, MARIA PIRES MARTINS, INPA, JEAN-FRANÇOIS MOLINO, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), DANIEL SABATIER, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), FLORIAN WITTMANN, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, DAIRON CÁRDENAS LÓPEZ, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, JOSÉ RENAN DA SILVA GUIMARÃES, IEPA, ABEL MONTEAGUDO MENDOZA, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, PERCY NÚÑEZ VARGAS, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, ANGELO GILBERTO MANZATTO, UFRO, NEIDIANE FARIAS COSTA REIS, UFRO, JOHN TERBORGH, Duke University, KATIA REGINA CASULA, UFRO, JUAN CARLOS MONTERO, INPA / Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, TED R. FELDPAUSCH, University of Leeds / University of Exeter, EURIDICE N. HONORIO CORONADO, University of Leeds / Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, ALVARO JAVIER DUQUE MONTOYA, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, CHARLES EUGENE ZARTMAN, INPA, BONIFACIO MOSTACEDO, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, RODOLFO VASQUEZ, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, RAFAEL L. ASSIS, INPA, ANA ANDRADE, INPA, JOSÉ LUÍS CAMARGO, INPA, SUSAN G. W. LAURANCE, James Cook University, HENRIQUE EDUARDO MENDONÇA NASCIMENTO, INPA, BEATRIZ S. MARIMON, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, BEN-HUR MARIMON JR., Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, FLÁVIA COSTA, INPA, NATALIA TARGHETTA, INPA, IMA CÉLIA GUIMARÃES VIEIRA, MPEG, ROEL BRIENEN, University of Leeds, HERNÁN CASTELLANOS, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, JOOST F. DUIVENVOORDEN, University of Amsterdam, HUGO F. MOGOLLÓN, Endangered Species Coalition, MARIA TERESA FERNANDEZ PIEDADE, INPA, GERARDO A. AYMARD C., Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, JAMES A. COMISKEY, National Park Service, GABRIEL DAMASCO, University of California, NÁLLARETT DÁVILA, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, ROOSEVELT GARCÍA-VILLACORTA, University of Edinburgh / Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh, PABLO ROBERTO STEVENSON DIAZ, Universidad de los Andes, ALBERTO VINCENTINI, INPA, THAISE EMILIO, INPA / Royal Botanic Gardens, CAROLINA LEVIS, INPA / University of Wageningen, JULIANA SCHIETTI, INPA, PRISCILA SOUZA, INPA, ALFONSO ALONSO, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, FRANCISCO DALLMEIER, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, LEANDRO VALLE FERREIRA, MPEG, DAVID NEILL, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, ALEJANDRO ARAUJO-MURAKAMI, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, LUZMILA ARROYO, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, FERNANDA ANTUNES CARVALHO, INPA, FERNANDA COELHO SOUZA, INPA, DÁRIO DANTAS DO AMARAL, MPEG, ROGERIO GRIBEL, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, BRUNO GARCIA LUIZE, INPA, MARCELO PETRATI PANSONATO, INPA, EDUARDO VENTICINQUE, UFRN, PAUL FINE, University of California, MARISOL TOLEDO, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, CHRIS BARALOTO, INRA / Florida International University, CARLOS CERÓN, Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, JULIEN ENGEL, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS, TERRY W. HENKEL, Humboldt State University, ELIANA M. JIMENEZ, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, PAUL MAAS, Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, MARIA CRISTINA PEÑUELA MORA, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, PASCAL PETRONELLI, INRA, JUAN DAVID CARDENAS REVILLA, INPA, MARCOS SILVEIRA, UFAC, JULIANA STROPP, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission / Federal University of Alagoas, RAQUEL THOMAS-CAESAR, Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation, TIM R. BAKER, University of Leeds, DOUG DALY, New York Botanical Garden, MARCOS RÍOS PAREDES, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, NAARA FERREIRA DA SILVA, INPA, ALFREDO FUENTES, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, PETER MØLLER JØRGENSEN, Missouri Botanical Garden, JOCHEN SCHÖNGART, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, MILES R. SILMAN, Wake Forest University, NICOLÁS CASTAÑO ARBOLEDA, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, BRUNO BARÇANTE LADVOCAT CINTRA, INPA, FERNANDO CORNEJO VALVERDE, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, ANTHONY DI FIORE, University of Texas at Austin, JUAN FERNANDO PHILLIPS, Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, TINDE R. VAN ANDEL, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PATRICIO VON HILDEBRAND, Fundación Estación de Biología, EDELCILIO MARQUES BARBOSA, INPA, LUIZ CARLOS DE MATOS BONATES, INPA, DEBORAH DE CASTRO, INPA, EMANUELLE DE SOUSA FARIAS, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, THERANY GONZALES, ACEER Foundation, JEAN-LOUIS GUILLAUMET, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle de Paris, BRUCE HOFFMAN, Amazon Conservation Team, YADVINDER MALHI, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, IRES PAULA DE ANDRADE MIRANDA, INPA, ADRIANA PRIETO, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AGUSTÍN RUDAS, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, NATALINO SILVA, UFRA, CÉSAR I. A. VELA, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, VINCENT A. VOS, Universidad Autónoma del Beni / Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, EGLÉE L. ZENT, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, STANFORD ZENT, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, ANGELA CANO, Universidad de los Andes, MARCELO TRINDADE NASCIMENTO, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, ALEXANDRE A. OLIVEIRA, USP, HIRMA RAMIREZ-ANGULO, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, JOSÉ FERREIRA RAMOS, INPA, RODRIGO SIERRA, GeoIS, MILTON TIRADO, GeoIS, MARIA NATALIA UMAÑA MEDINA, University of Maryland, GEERTJE VAN DER HEIJDEN, University ofWisconsin-Milwaukee, EMILIO VILANOVA TORRE, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, CORINE VRIESENDORP, The Field Museum, OPHELIA WANG, Northern Arizona University, KENNETH R. YOUNG, University of Texas at Austin, CLAUDIA BAIDER, USP / Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, The Mauritius Herbarium, HENRIK BALSLEV, Aarhus University, NATALIA DE CASTRO, INPA, WILLIAM FARFAN-RIOS, Wake Forest University, CID FERREIRA, INPA, CASIMIRO MENDOZA, FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia / UniversidadMayor de San Simon, ITALO MESONES, University of California, ARMANDO TORRES-LEZAMA, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, LIGIA ESTELA URREGO GIRALDO, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, DANIEL VILLARROEL, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, RODERICK ZAGT, Tropenbos International, MIGUEL N. ALEXIADES, University of Kent, KARINA GARCIA-CABRERA, Wake Forest University, LIONEL HERNANDEZ, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, ISAU HUAMANTUPA-CHUQUIMACO, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, WILLIAM MILLIKEN, Royal Botanic Gardens, WALTER PALACIOS CUENCA, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, SUSAMAR PANSINI, UFRO, DANIELA PAULETTO, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, FREDDY RAMIREZ AREVALO, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana, ADEILZA FELIPE SAMPAIO, UFRO, ELVIS H. VALDERRAMA SANDOVAL, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana / University of Missouri, and LUIS VALENZUELA GAMARRA, Jardín Botánico de Missouri.
- Subjects
Conservation Status ,Land Use Policy ,Geography & travel ,Amazonian ,Threatened Species ,Conservation-dependent species ,Protected Areas ,[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy ,Conservation Planning ,Land Use ,IUCN Red List ,Deforestation ,Research Articles ,ddc:910 ,Multidisciplinary ,Near-threatened species ,Extinction Risks ,Ecology ,Conservação ,Amazonia ,Conservation ,Protected areas ,Indigenous areas ,Tree species ,SciAdv r-articles ,Gap analysis (conservation) ,Forestry ,Tropical Tree Species ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,PE&RC ,Geography ,Research Article ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,Life Science ,Bosecologie en Bosbeheer ,Indigenous People ,Tropics ,15. Life on land ,Forest Ecology and Forest Management ,Espécie ,13. Climate action ,Threatened species ,Conservation status ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Environmental Protection ,Desmatamento - Abstract
Analyses of forest loss and protected areas suggest that 36 to 57% of Amazonian tree flora may qualify as “globally threatened.”, Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict that most of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century.
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- 2015
162. Hyperdominance in Amazonian forest carbon cycling
- Author
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Elodie Allie, José Luís Camargo, Kalle Ruokolainen, Jérôme Chave, Ana Andrade, Luzmila Arroyo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Hans ter Steege, Nikée Groot, Juliana Schietti, Adriana Prieto, Carolina Levis, Miguel Alexiades, Roderick Zagt, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Abel Monteagudo M, René G. A. Boot, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Juan Carlos Licona, Julien Engel, Raquel Thomas, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Eric Arets, Marielos Peña-Claros, Jorcely Barroso, Rafael Herrera, Joey Talbot, Michelle O. Johnson, Ben-Hur Marimon Junior, Carlos Cerón, Timothy J. Killeen, Flávia R. C. Costa, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Priscila Souza, Peter van der Hout, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, William F. Laurance, Yadvinder Malhi, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Damien Bonal, Pascal Petronelli, Sophie Fauset, John Pipoly, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Aurélie Dourdain, Bruno Hérault, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Georgia Pickavance, Victor Chama Moscoso, Adriane Esquivel Muelbert, Zorayda Restrepo, Timothy R. Baker, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Alfredo Alarcón, Paulo S. Morandi, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Marc K. Steininger, Oliver L. Phillips, Clément Stahl, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Carlos A. Quesada, Christopher Baraloto, Robyn J. Burnham, Simon L. Lewis, Manuel Gloor, Marco Bruno Xavier Valadão, Ted R. Feldpausch, Agustín Rudas, Ophelia Wang, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Terry L. Erwin, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Anthony Di Fiore, Lourens Poorter, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Marisol Toledo, Juliana Stropp, Basil Stergios, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, James A. Comiskey, Julie Peacock, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, University of Leeds, Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), University of Exeter, University of Oxford [Oxford], Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Utrecht University [Utrecht], The Field Museum, Duke University [Durham], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), James Cook University (JCU), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Turku, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Herbario Universitario PORT, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), National Park Service, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Van Hall Larenstein University of Professional Education, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), World Wide Fund (WWF), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Smithsonian Institution, Tropenbos International (TBI), Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Broward Co Extension Education, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Conservation International, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Jardín Botánico de Medellín, University College of London [London] (UCL), 282664, AMAZALERT Raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land use change in the Amazon, 283093, ROBIN Role Of Biodiversity In climate change mitigatioN, European Union, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), PPBio network, CNPq/PELD network, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, ANR (CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-0025), ANR (TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-0041), CNPq, Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, European Project: 283080, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Florida International University (FIU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), World Wildlife Fund (WWF), University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, University of Florida [Gainesville], Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Oxford, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), and Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
- Subjects
arbre forestier ,Production du bois ,Amazonian ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,General Physics and Astronomy ,F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement ,Carbon Cycling ,Amazonegebied ,Climax species ,espèce dominante ,Biomasse ,Forest and Landscape Ecology ,Biomass ,Forêt tropicale humide ,tropical forests ,stockage du carbone ,Multidisciplinary ,Amazon rainforest ,Ecology ,trees ,PE&RC ,Wood ,Physiologie végétale ,Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,Tree ,rain-forest ,Écologie ,productivity ,F40 - Écologie végétale ,F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale ,forêt amazonienne ,experimental drought ,Rainforest ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Carbon cycle ,Carbon Cycle ,Amazonia ,Tropische bossen ,allometry ,Dominance (ecology) ,Ecosystem ,Bosecologie en Bosbeheer ,Forest ,Croissance ,Densité du peuplement ,Vegetatie ,Dominance ,Vegetation ,Forest Ecosystem ,biomass ,Composition botanique ,Analyse de données ,species composition ,Carbon Storage ,General Chemistry ,15. Life on land ,Koolstof ,mortality ,Longévité ,Forest Ecology and Forest Management ,economics spectrum ,Carbon ,abondance spécifique ,CICLO DO CARBONO ,ta1181 ,Species richness ,Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology ,Cycle du carbone ,Espacement - Abstract
While Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, the abundance of trees is skewed strongly towards relatively few ‘hyperdominant' species. In addition to their diversity, Amazonian trees are a key component of the global carbon cycle, assimilating and storing more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth. Here we ask, using a unique data set of 530 forest plots, if the functions of storing and producing woody carbon are concentrated in a small number of tree species, whether the most abundant species also dominate carbon cycling, and whether dominant species are characterized by specific functional traits. We find that dominance of forest function is even more concentrated in a few species than is dominance of tree abundance, with only ≈1% of Amazon tree species responsible for 50% of carbon storage and productivity. Although those species that contribute most to biomass and productivity are often abundant, species maximum size is also influential, while the identity and ranking of dominant species varies by function and by region., The Amazon rainforest is dominated by relatively few tree species, yet the degree to which this hyperdominance influences carbon cycling remains unknown. Here, the authors analyse 530 forest plots and show that ∼1% of species are responsible for 50% of the aboveground carbon storage and productivity.
- Published
- 2015
163. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink
- Author
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Fredy Ramírez, Carlos A. Quesada, L da Costa, Pablo Núñez, J Teran-Aguilar, René G. A. Boot, Jorcely Barroso, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Niro Higuchi, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Zorayda Restrepo, Euler Melo Nogueira, Carolina V. Castilho, Timothy R. Baker, Marielos Peña-Claros, David W. Galbraith, Christopher Baraloto, Roderick Zagt, Emilio Vilanova, Timothy J. Killeen, Lourens Poorter, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, E. A. de Oliveira, John Terborgh, Simon L. Lewis, Georgia Pickavance, A. Di Fiore, Damien Bonal, Bruno Hérault, Julie Peacock, Kuo-Jung Chao, Casimiro Mendoza, Vincent A. Vos, Alexander Parada, Juliana Stropp, P. van der Hout, Roel J. W. Brienen, V. Chama, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Marisol Toledo, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Ted R. Feldpausch, F. Cornejo Valverde, Olaf Bánki, Yadvinder Malhi, N. C. Pallqui Camacho, R. Vásquez Martínez, Emanuel Gloor, Helen C. Keeling, E S Grahame, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Adriana Prieto, Terry L. Erwin, Agustín Rudas, Joey Talbot, I. C. Guimarães Vieira, Natalino Silva, Ana Andrade, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Anand Roopsind, Oliver L. Phillips, W E Magnussen, William F. Laurance, Mônica Forsthofer, Sophie Fauset, E. Alvarez Dávila, Luzmila Arroyo, H. ter Steege, Nikée Groot, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Jon Lloyd, Jérôme Chave, Michael P. Schwarz, Mireia Torello-Raventos, Juan Carlos Licona, G. M. F. van der Heijden, Miguel Alexiades, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Patricia Alvarez-Loayza, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, G. Pardo-Molina, José Luís Camargo, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, E.N. Honorio Coronado, University of Leeds, Coll Life & Environm Sci, University of Exeter, Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Sch Marine & Trop Biol, James Cook University (JCU), Prolongac Bolognesi Mze, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, University of Oxford [Oxford], University College of London [London] (UCL), Sch Anthropol & Conservat, University of Kent [Canterbury], Serv Ecosistemicosy Cambio Climat, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Ctr Trop Conservat, Duke University [Durham], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Museo Hist Nat Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Programa Cienclas Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare, Herbario Universitario PORT, Biodiversiteit Ecosyst Dynam, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Dept Biol Sci, Int Ctr Trop Bot, Florida International University (FIU), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Tropenbos International (TBI), Embrapa Roraima, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Northeast Reg Inventory & Monitoring Program, National Park Service, Madre De Dios, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Dept Anthropol, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Smithsonian Institution, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci TESS, Sch Marine & Environm Sci, Cairns, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Manejo Forestal Tierras Trop Bolivia, Manejo Forestal de los Bosques Tropicales de Bolivia (FOMABO), Escuela Ciencias Forestales ESFOR, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Universidad Nacioal de Amazonia Peruana, Inst Invest Desarrollo Forestal INDEFOR, Fac Cienclas Forestales & Ambientales, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Inst Ciencias Nat, Univ Nacl Colombia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Commission of the European Communities, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Ecol & Biodivers Grp, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Australia], University of Wisconsin, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Univ Estadual, Missouri Botanical Garden, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), World Wide Fund (WWF), Universidad Mayor de San Simón [Cochabamba, Bolivie] (UMSS), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie], and University of Wisconsin-Madison
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0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,forêt tropicale ,Carbon sequestration ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Sink (geography) ,Trees ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Tropical climate ,Biomasse ,Dynamique des populations ,Biomass ,Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere ,Multidisciplinary ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Plant Stems ,Amazon rainforest ,Ecology ,Carbon sink ,food and beverages ,Wood ,séquestration du carbone ,protection de la forêt ,Carbon dioxide ,Écosystème forestier ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,Brazil ,Carbon Sequestration ,Rainforest ,P40 - Météorologie et climatologie ,Mortalité ,010603 evolutionary biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Changement climatique ,geography ,Tropical Climate ,Atmosphere ,15. Life on land ,Carbon Dioxide ,Longévité ,Carbon ,K10 - Production forestière ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,Cycle du carbone - Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades1, 2, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics3, particularly in the Amazon4. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity5. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale1, 2, and is contrary to expectations based on models.
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- 2015
164. OBSERVATIONS ON THE VEGETATION OF NORTHEASTERN MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL. IV. AN ANALYSIS OF THE CERRADO–AMAZONIAN FOREST ECOTONE
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T. G. Duarte, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, L. C. Chieregatto, E. De S. Lima, and J. A. Ratter
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biology ,Ecology ,Biome ,Vochysia ,Plant Science ,Ecological succession ,Vegetation ,Ecotone ,biology.organism_classification ,Geography ,Seral community ,Indicator species ,Threatened species ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
A study was made of the transition between the cerrado and Amazonian forest biomes on the Serra do Roncador in the northeast of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The transition was sampled by recording the species and circumference at breast height (cbh) of all woody species ≥ 15 cm cbh on five 20 × 10 m plots in each of the following four communities: ecotonal vegetation (Cerradão areas 1 and 2), and forest (Forest areas 1 and 2); while in the Cerrado sensu stricto a more rapid method had to be used because of time constraints. A total of 138 species was recorded and the results were analysed using Sørensen and Morisita Indices, TWINSPAN and DCA. In addition, comparisons were made with data from studies undertaken in 1968 in the same area by the Xavantina-Cachimbo Expedition. No species was common to all communities sampled but a seral succession of important species occurs along the transition. The Sørensen and Morisita Indices demonstrate this, with the Cerrado s.s. and Forest 2 at the two extremes showing no species in common (zero similarity) and Cerradão 1 and 2 giving the very high figures of Sørensen 0.64 and Morisita 0.84. The ecotonal cerradão is a very characteristic Dystrophic facies cerradão with Hirtella glandulosa, Emmotum nitens, Sclerolobium paniculatum and Vochysia haenkeana as its typical indicator species. The ecotone studied in the present work represents the comparatively abrupt transition from cerrado to the peripheral form of Amazonian forest (dry forest, mata seca) on flat terrain with a uniform very dystrophic soil. Other workers have suggested that this type of transition may be restricted to the headwaters of the Xingu basin, but one of the present authors has seen similar vegetation at localities in Maranhão, Rondônia, and on the Mato Grosso–Rondônia border. Comparison of the present vegetation with the survey made in 1968 shows that in this area the advancing face of the Amazonian forest has extended about 7 km southwards into the cerrado. However, in the majority of places this process has been obscured by forest clearing for agriculture. The study draws attention to the urgent need for the establishment of conservation areas in this extremely threatened and very little studied ecotone.
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- 2006
165. Chuva de sementes em uma floresta monodominante de Brosimum rubescens Taub. e em uma floresta mista adjacente no Vale do Araguaia, MT, Brasil
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Jeanine Maria Felfili and Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
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Biomass (ecology) ,Ecology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biome ,Forestry ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Competition (biology) ,Germination ,Seedling ,Dry season ,medicine ,Species richness ,media_common - Abstract
Manchas de Floresta monodominante de Brosimum rubescens ocorrem no ecótono entre o Cerrado e a Floresta Amazônica e encontram-se ameaçadas. Efetuou-se um estudo da chuva de sementes em duas porções de uma floresta monodominante de B. rubescens e uma floresta mista adjacente em Nova Xavantina, MT (14º50'47''S e 52º08'37''W). Partiu-se da premissa de que a floresta monodominante apresenta um padrão de chuva de sementes diferente da floresta mista, devido à maciça frutificação de B. rubescens. Em cada porção de floresta foram distribuídas aleatoriamente onze armadilhas (0,5×0,5 m), totalizando 33. Duas porções (22 armadilhas) estiveram na floresta monodominante e uma (11 armadilhas) na floresta mista e foram monitoradas entre agosto/2003 e julho/2004. As sementes foram separadas em duas categorias: dispersas pelo vento e dispersas por outro mecanismo, que não o vento, e as florestas foram comparadas em relação ao número de espécies, número de sementes e biomassa. Espécies com sementes pequenas apresentaram dispersão distribuída ao longo, enquanto sementes grandes, dispersão concentrada. A chuva de sementes foi influenciada pelo tipo de floresta e pelas estações do ano. Na floresta monodominante o pico da dispersão das sementes não dispersas pelo vento ocorreu no auge da estação seca e a maior parte da biomassa das sementes pertenceu a B. rubescens. A dispersão destas sementes no período seco pode conferir vantagens à espécie, diminuindo a competição inter-específica por agentes dispersores e/ou garantindo um recrutamento precoce. A produção de sementes grandes e em quantidade durante o período seco e a posterior formação de um extenso banco de plântulas podem ser algumas das estratégias (de ocupação de habitat) decisivas na monodominância desta espécie.
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- 2006
166. FLORISTICS AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF THE GALLERY FOREST OF THE BACABA STREAM, NOVA XAVANTINA, MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL
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Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, E. S. Lima, and Jeanine Maria Felfili
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biology ,Phytosociology ,Agroforestry ,Amazon rainforest ,Mauritia flexuosa ,Gallery forest ,Forestry ,Plant Science ,Arecaceae ,biology.organism_classification ,Floristics ,Diversity index ,Geography ,Liana ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The study was carried out on the gallery forest of the Bacaba stream situated in the Municipal Ecological Reserve ‘Mário Viana’ (14°43′S, 52°21′W) in Nova Xavantina, Eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Three sections of the gallery (upper, middle and lower) running downstream and differing in slope were surveyed by stratified sampling. Fortyseven nested 10m × 10m plots were analysed in each section, giving a total sampling area of 1.41ha overall. All trees or lianas ≥ 15cm girth at breast height were recorded and a total of 129 species belonging to 105 genera and 47 families were found. Diversity was high, with the Shannon index ranging from 3.84 nats/individual in the lower section to 4.08 in the middle section. The most important families (IVI) were Caesalpiniaceae (upper and middle sections) and Arecaceae (lower section), and the most important species were Diospyros obovata (upper section), Hymenaea courbaril var. stilbocarpa (middle section) and Mauritia flexuosa (lower section). Morisita and Sørensen indices of similarity were calculated. The floristic composition was complex and included species in common with a number of Brazilian forest types and with cerrado (savanna), as well as many widespread species, but stronger links with Amazonian forests could be detected. This is to be expected since the area lies in the ecotonal zone of the cerrado and Amazonian forest biomes and the Bacaba stream itself is a tributary of the Mortes–Araguaia–Amazon river system.
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- 2002
167. Ethnobotanical comparison Of 'Pau Brasil' (Brosimum Rubescens Taub.) forests in a Xavante Indian and a non-Xavante community in eastern Mato Grosso State, Brazil
- Author
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Jeanine Maria Felfili and Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
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Phytosociology ,biology ,Ecology ,Forest product ,Logging ,Biodiversity ,Wildlife ,Forestry ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,biology.organism_classification ,Brosimum ,Geography ,Multiple use ,Woody plant - Abstract
A monodominant forest of Brosimum rubescens Taub. located in an Indian Reservation was compared with a similar forest located on a farm owned by non-Xavante settlers, in terms of its phytosociology and the patterns of plant use. In both areas, 60 (10 X 10 m) nested-plots were established in a representative portion of the forest. All woody plants were identified, and their common and scientific names and uses were recorded. The ethnobotanical study was conducted by open-interviews initially and ranking at a later stage for a total of two years of study. The Xavante people use more species, 56% of the 57 species fit in five categories of direct use while the settlers have direct use for 50% of the 44 species found in the forest. The Xavante culture has strong links with the native biodiversity, valuing the multiple use of the species while the settlers use them mostly for timber. The species with higher IVI in the phytosociological study were also the most valued in both communities. Brosimum wood is used for the making of traditional clubs by the Xavante, the fruits are edible and attract wildlife for hunting. The non-Xavante people have been heavily logging these trees for fence posts used in the large farms of the region.
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- 2001
168. Caracterização fitofisionômica e levantamento florístico preliminar no Pantanal dos Rios Mortes-Araguaia, Cocalinho, Mato Grosso, Brasil
- Author
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Edson de Souza Lima and Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
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geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Ecology ,Vochysia ,Plant Science ,Woodland ,Vegetation ,biology.organism_classification ,Swamp ,Grassland ,Andira ,Liana ,Byrsonima - Abstract
This study was carried out in the Pantanal of the Mortes and Araguaia rivers, a flooded plain located in Cocalinho, northeastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. The objectives of this study were to conduct a preliminary survey of the flora and to characterize the vegetation types. Three representative sites were selected: one near Rio das Mortes (12° 37'S; 50° 55'W), one at the mouth of Araguaia and Mortes rivers (11° 54'S; 50° 48'W) and one in the middle portion of the Cristalino river (12° 52'S; 50° 49'W). Sampling was by the Rapid Survey method. Eight vegetation types were identified: Mata Inundavel (swamp forest), Caapao (also swamp forest), Babacual (Attalea speciosa forest), Cerradao, Cerrado stricto sensu (savanna types, closed canopy woodland and savanna grassland, respectively), Campo de Murunduns (grassland with scattered mounds bearing termites), Campo de Byrsonima orbignyana (grassland dominated by B. orbignyana) and Campo Cerrado de Vochysia rufa (grassland with scattered trees of V. rufa). A total of 248 species of trees, shrubs and lianas were recorded, distributed in 158 genera and 62 families. The vegetation types were heterogeneous; none of the species occurred at all sites, but Alibertia edulis (L. Rich.) A. Rich., Andira cuyabensis Benth., Maprounea guianensis (Aubl.) M. Arg., and others, were found at six sites. The families richest in species were Caesalpiniaceae, Annonaceae and Myrtaceae. The flora apparently was similar to that of the Pantanal of Paraguai river, however, further studies are needed to confirm. This Heterogeneous vegetation patterns in the study area indicate the need to protect the Pantanal of the Mortes and Araguaia rivers.
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- 2001
169. STUDIES IN MONODOMINANT FORESTS IN EASTERN MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL: I. A FOREST OF BROSIMUM RUBESCENS TAUB
- Author
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M. Haridasan, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, and Jeanine Maria Felfili
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Diversity index ,Tetragastris ,Monodominance ,biology ,Phytosociology ,Liana ,Forestry ,Plant Science ,Rainforest ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Basal area ,Peltogyne - Abstract
The occurrence of a monodominant tropical forest dominated by the tree species Brosimum rubescens Taub. (Moraceae) in the transition zone between the cerrado region and the Amazonian rain forests along the Araguaia valley in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil is reported. A 6000m2 (40×150m) area located in the central portion of a forest (14°50′47″S, 52°08′37″W) on the Eldorado Farm in Nova Xavantina was sampled to determine the structure, phytosociology and soil properties. A total of 44 tree species was found in the forest, with a Shannon diversity index (H′) of 2.37 and the Pielou evenness index (J′) of 0.63. These values were similar to those reported by other workers in an Amazonian monodominant forest dominated by Peltogyne gracilipes. Average tree density equal or greater than (≥) 5cm dbh was 1066ha−1 and basal area 37.46m2 ha−1. Dead standing individuals represented 7.03% of the total density and lianas 8.12%. The main families were Moraceae, Rubiaceae, Burseraceae, Hippocrateaceae and Leguminosae–Caesalpinioideae. The species with the highest importance value indices were B. rubescens (124.55), Amaioua intermedia var. brasiliana (32.97), Cheiloclinium cognatum (22.41), Tetragastris balsamifera (19.58) and Protium pilosissimum (16.64). Brosimum rubescens alone accounted for 85.5% of the individuals ≥30cm dbh, 80.35% of those ≥20cm dbh, 57.33% of those ≥10cm dbh, and 35.85% of those ≥5cm dbh. The forest was composed of upper, middle and lower storeys. Diameter distribution was unbalanced for the community and for the main species, suggesting that establishment has been episodic. The surface soil was acid, with high exchangeable Al levels and low fertility, as is the case for most cerrados and Amazonian forests. The availability of K was in the range of adequacy, as compared with most native soils. However, concentrations of available Mg in the soil was higher than that of available Ca, with Mg/Ca ratios above three, unlike most cerrados and Amazonian forests, but similar to the soils of many monodominant tropical forests reported in the literature. Soils were characterized by high concentrations of available Fe. Besides the high Mg/Ca ratios, a high proportion of K as compared with the bivalent cations Ca and Mg, and toxicities of Fe and Mn due to strong acidity could be factors influencing the occurrence of species in this forest.
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- 2001
170. Diversity, abundance and distribution of lianas of the Cerrado–Amazonian forest transition, Brazil
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Jon Lloyd, Oliver L. Phillips, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ted R. Feldpausch, Guarino Rinaldi Colli, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Eddie Lenza, Leandro Maracahipes, Claudinei Oliveira-Santos, Jon Lloyd, Oliver L. Phillips, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ted R. Feldpausch, Guarino Rinaldi Colli, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Eddie Lenza, Leandro Maracahipes, and Claudinei Oliveira-Santos
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- 2015
- Full Text
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171. Hyperdominance in the Amazonian Tree Flora
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César I.A. Vela, Nállarett Dávila, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Bruce Hoffman, Dairon Cárdenas López, A C Gerardo Aymard, Alfonso Alonso, Carolina Levis, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Milton Tirado, Miguel Alexiades, Adriana Prieto, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Jochen Schöngart, Juan Fernando Phillips, Egleé L. Zent, Natalino Silva, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Paul V. A. Fine, Stanford Zent, Jérôme Chave, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Carolina V. Castilho, William Milliken, Gonzalo Rivas, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Timothy R. Baker, Corine Vriesendorp, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Percy Núñez Vargas, Rodrigo Sierra, Hernán Castellanos, Rafael L. Assis, Daniel Sabatier, John Terborgh, Miles R. Silman, Juliana Schietti, Ophelia Wang, William E. Magnusson, Angela Cano Schutz, Cid Ferreira, Kenneth J. Feeley, Lionel Hernández, Ademir R. Ruschell, Juliana Stropp, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Oliver L. Phillips, Ben Hur Marimon, Thaise Emilio, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Álvaro Javier Duque Montoya, Francisco Dallmeier, Hugo Mogollón, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira, Christopher Baraloto, Maria Natalia Umaña Medina, Henrik Balslev, Peter M. Jørgensen, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Kyle G. Dexter, Julien Engel, Pascal Petronelli, Kenneth R. Young, Priscila Souza, Hans ter Steege, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Timothy J. Killeen, Therany Gonzales, Agustín Rudas, Flávia R. C. Costa, Patricio von Hildebrand, Yadvinder Malhi, Carlos Cerón, Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz, Terry W. Henkel, Ana Andrade, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Italo Mesones, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Abel Monteagudo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Daniela Pauletto, Charles E. Zartman, Jean-François Molino, William F. Laurance, Tinde van Andel, Luzmila Arroyo, Roderick Zagt, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Marisol Toledo, Ted R. Feldpausch, Cláudia Baider, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Paul J. M. Maas, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Anthony Di Fiore, Carlos A. Peres, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Doug Daly, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Florian Wittmann, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Vincent A. Vos, Rogério Gribel, Roel J. W. Brienen, Juan Carlos Montero, Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Duke University [Durham], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, School of Geography and the Environment [Oxford] (SoGE), University of Oxford [Oxford], Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Bolivia Sustainable Forest Management Project, Partenaires INRAE, University of Exeter, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), World Wide Fund for Nature, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, James Cook University (JCU), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Instituto Amazonico de Investigaciones Cientificas, Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Endangered Species Coalition, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), University of Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Universidad de Los Andes, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie], Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Occidentales, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Humboldt State University (HSU), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, University of Texas at Austin, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Fundacion Puerto Rastrojo, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research Foundation, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Geoinformática y Sistemas , Cia. Ltda (GeoIS), Staff publications, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, and VU University Amsterdam
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0106 biological sciences ,go extinct ,tropical forest ,rain-forest ,diversification ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Population ,distributions ,Biodiversity ,Rainforest ,Models, Biological ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,species abundance ,diversity ,03 medical and health sciences ,tree species ,Rivers ,Amazonia ,Dominance (ecology) ,rarity ,patterns ,hyperdominance ,education ,Amazon Basin ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,Agroforestry ,Amazon rainforest ,plants ,Plant community ,trees ,commonness ,South America ,15. Life on land ,ECOLOGIA ,Guiana Shield ,Geography ,Habitat ,Species richness ,richness - Abstract
Introduction Recent decades have seen a major international effort to inventory tree communities in the Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield (Amazonia), but the vast extent and record diversity of these forests have hampered an understanding of basinwide patterns. To overcome this obstacle, we compiled and standardized species-level data on more than half a million trees in 1170 plots sampling all major lowland forest types to explore patterns of commonness, rarity, and richness. Methods The ~6-million-km 2 Amazonian lowlands were divided into 1° cells, and mean tree density was estimated for each cell by using a loess regression model that included no environmental data but had its basis exclusively in the geographic location of tree plots. A similar model, allied with a bootstrapping exercise to quantify sampling error, was used to generate estimated Amazon-wide abundances of the 4962 valid species in the data set. We estimated the total number of tree species in the Amazon by fitting the mean rank-abundance data to Fisher’s log-series distribution. Results Our analyses suggest that lowland Amazonia harbors 3.9 × 10 11 trees and ~16,000 tree species. We found 227 “hyperdominant” species (1.4% of the total) to be so common that together they account for half of all trees in Amazonia, whereas the rarest 11,000 species account for just 0.12% of trees. Most hyperdominants are habitat specialists that have large geographic ranges but are only dominant in one or two regions of the basin, and a median of 41% of trees in individual plots belong to hyperdominants. A disproportionate number of hyperdominants are palms, Myristicaceae, and Lecythidaceae. Discussion The finding that Amazonia is dominated by just 227 tree species implies that most biogeochemical cycling in the world’s largest tropical forest is performed by a tiny sliver of its diversity. The causes underlying hyperdominance in these species remain unknown. Both competitive superiority and widespread pre-1492 cultivation by humans are compelling hypotheses that deserve testing. Although the data suggest that spatial models can effectively forecast tree community composition and structure of unstudied sites in Amazonia, incorporating environmental data may yield substantial improvements. An appreciation of how thoroughly common species dominate the basin has the potential to simplify research in Amazonian biogeochemistry, ecology, and vegetation mapping. Such advances are urgently needed in light of the >10,000 rare, poorly known, and potentially threatened tree species in the Amazon.
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- 2013
172. Biochar as substitute for organic matter in the composition of substrates for seedlings - doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v35i3.17542
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Guilherme Bossi Buck, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Stefany Lorrayny Lima, Suelen Tamiozzo, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, and Fabiano André Petter
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Sowing ,Biomass ,biology.organism_classification ,Manure ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Seedling ,visual_art ,Biochar ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Organic matter ,Composition (visual arts) ,Charcoal ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that pyrogenic carbon (biochar) has properties that enable it to replace fresh organic matter (cattle manure) in seedling substrates. These properties include specific electrophysiological interactions in soil-plant media, stability and longevity. The experiment was conducted in the nursery at the State University of Mato Grosso, located in the municipality of Nova Xavantina, between April and June 2011. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with ten treatments and four replicates, including a commercial substrate. Linear regression analysis showed a strong positive relationship between manure treatments and number of leaves, fresh and dry biomass, diameter, height and Dickson Quality Index at 30 and 40 days after sowing (DAS), with the exception of height at 30 DAS. There was no significant relationship for biochar dosage in any assessment for these parameters. The use of substrates with different dosages of cattle manure resulted in an increase of seedling quality compared to biochar and commercial substrates. The hypothesis that biochar can be substituted for fresh organic matter and is more stable in the substrate was not supported.
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- 2013
173. Influence of bamboo clumps in post-fire dynamics of the woody vegetation of a typical cerrado, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Henrique Augusto Mews, Eddie Lenza, and Divino Silvério
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Cerrados ,Bambu ,conservation ,Plantas lenhosas ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,ecologia do fogo ,savanna ,Incêndios ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,fire ecology ,woody species ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:Botany ,savana ,conservação ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,espécies lenhosas - Abstract
Neste estudo foram avaliadas as mudanças na composição florística e na estrutura da vegetação lenhosa logo após incêndio acidental ocorrido em sítios de cerrado típico sem (SB, controle) e com (CB) agrupamentos do bambu Actinocladum verticillatum em Nova Xavantina/MT. Foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com diâmetro de base (Db30) ≥ 3 cm antes e após o fogo em ambos os sítios. A amostragem foi realizada em 30 parcelas de 10 × 10 m, sendo 15 parcelas em cada sítio. A ocorrência de fogo ocasionou mudanças na composição florística e reduções na riqueza e diversidade de espécies lenhosas mais evidentes no sítio CB (perda de 61% das espécies) em relação ao SB (perda de 20% das espécies). Entretanto, o incêndio ocasionou perda relativa de indivíduos (67,4% e 73,5%) e de área basal (75,6% e 55,2%) semelhante entre os sítios SB e CB, respectivamente, com exceção dos indivíduos de pequeno porte, os quais foram mais acentuadamente reduzidos no sítio CB. Queimadas em áreas de cerrado com agrupamentos de A. verticillatum podem criar condições de retroalimentação positiva e resultar na redução da densidade de indivíduos e na exclusão local de espécies menos tolerantes ao fogo. The present study aimed to evaluate changes in floristic composition and structure of the woody vegetation after an accidental fire occurred in sites of typical "cerrado" without (SB, control) and with (CB) clumps of Actinocladum verticillatum bamboo in Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso state. In both sites we sampled all woody individuals with diameter at soil height (Db30= 30 cm aboveground) ≥ 3 cm, before and after the fire. Sampling was performed in 30 plots of 10 × 10 m, 15 at each site. The fire caused more evident changes in the floristic composition and reductions in the richness and diversity of woody species in the CB (loss of 61% of species) than in the SB site (loss of 20%). However, the fire caused similar relative loss of individuals (67.4% and 73.5%) and basal area (75.6% and 55.2%) in SB and CB sites, respectively, with exception of small individuals, which were more markedly reduced in CB site. Fires in cerrado areas occupied with clumps of A. verticillatum may create conditions of positive feedback and result in decrease of density and local exclusion of species less tolerant to fire.
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- 2013
174. Análise temporal das distribuições de diâmetros e alturas de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecídua na transição Cerrado-Floresta Amazônica, leste de Mato Grosso, Brasil
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Henrique Augusto Mews, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, and Leandro Maracahipes
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Alterações estruturais ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,comunidade lenhosa ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,florestas tropicais ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever as flutuacoes temporais nas distribuicoes de diâmetros e alturas de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidua (14o49'32" S e 52o06'20" W), na transicao Cerrado-Floresta Amazonica, Nova Xavantina-MT, entre os anos de 2003 e 2008. Foram estabelecidas 60 parcelas permanentes de 10 x 10 m onde foram medidos os diâmetros e as alturas de todos os individuos com diâmetro a altura do peito ≥ 5 cm. Os intervalos de classe para as distribuicoes de diâmetro e altura foram calculados e elaborados histogramas. As distribuicoes de diâmetro da comunidade e das principais especies nao diferiram no periodo, bem como a distribuicao de alturas da comunidade, caracterizando uma situacao de manutencao temporal das distribuicoes. Apesar da ausencia de alteracoes temporais, a comunidade estudada nao e estatica, pois entre 2003 e 2008 constatou-se reducao do numero de individuos (6%) e uma discrepância dos valores do quociente “q” entre as sucessivas classes diametricas. As distribuicoes diametricas das principais especies sugerem que Cheiloclinium cognatum , Tetragastris altissima e Brosimum rubescens manterao ou eventualmente aumentarao suas densidades populacionais, enquanto Amaioua guianensis e Chaetocarpus echinocarpus possivelmente terao suas populacoes reduzidas no futuro.
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- 2012
175. Chuva de sementes em uma floresta de galeria no Parque do Bacaba, em Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brasil
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Beatriz Schwantes Marimon and Maria do Carmo Correa Lagos
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Biomass (ecology) ,Geography ,Sazonalidade ,Gallery forest ,Species diversity ,lcsh:SD1-669.5 ,Forestry ,Diásporos e Conservação ,lcsh:Forestry - Abstract
O estudo foi realizado na floresta de galeria do Córrego Bacaba, no Parque Municipal do Bacaba (14º43'12,2S e 52º21'36,7"W), em Nova Xavantina, MT. A dispersão de sementes foi analisada e comparada entre três porções da floresta (alto, meio e baixo), distantes cerca de 200 m entre si, em um gradiente topográfico. Foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, 20 coletores circulares de 0,3 m² em cada porção de floresta, sendo as coletas de sementes realizadas quinzenalmente, entre junho de 2007 e maio de 2008. O material foi submetido à secagem em estufa até peso constante e as sementes, separadas em duas categorias, baseando-se na presença de estruturas de voo (V) e na ausência dessas estruturas (NV). O número de morfoespécies e de sementes e a biomassa foram comparados entre as porções de floresta e entre os períodos seco e chuvoso. Coletaram-se 20.965 sementes em 24 quinzenas, sendo 777 do tipo V e 20.188 do tipo NV. Na porção do alto ocorreram 52 morfoespécies de sementes, no meio 55 e no baixo 49. A diversidade de morfoespécies de sementes foi inferior à diversidade de espécies de plantas lenhosas na mesma área. Considerando o padrão sazonal de dispersão de sementes, tanto para as V (número, morfoespécies e biomassa) quanto para as NV (biomassa), recomenda-se um controle no fluxo de visitantes no Parque do Bacaba, especialmente nos meses de pico de dispersão de sementes, no final do período seco e início do chuvoso (setembro-dezembro). Medidas de excursionismo de mínimo impacto poderão trazer benefícios para o estabelecimento de sementes e plântulas e garantir a sustentabilidade da floresta.
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- 2012
176. Soil fertility and upland rice yield after biochar application in the Cerrado
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Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro, Beata Emoke Madari, Fabiano André Petter, Leandro Pereira Pacheco, de Carvalho, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, da M.A.S. Silva, FABIANO ANDRÉ PETTER, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PIAUÍ, BEATA EMOKE MADARI, CNPAF, MELLISSA ANANIAS SOLER DA SILVA, CNPAF, MARCO AURÉLIO CARBONE CARNEIRO, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS, MARCIA THAIS DE MELO CARVALHO, CNPAF, BEN HUR MARIMON JÚNIOR, UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE MATO GROSSO, and LEANDRO PEREIRA PACHECO, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS.
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Fitomassa ,"biochar" ,macronutrients ,Oryza sativa ,Upland rice ,engineering.material ,system ,release ,tropics ,macronutrientes ,Soil pH ,Biochar ,Carbono ,biochar ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Cover crop ,plant biomass ,Macroelemento ,amendment ,acidez do solo ,Cerrado ,soil acidity ,plant growth ,Fertilidade do solo ,lcsh:S1-972 ,rice yield ,produtividade do arroz ,Agronomy ,Arroz ,fertilization ,Loam ,manure ,crescimento de planta ,engineering ,Centre for Crop Systems Analysis ,Environmental science ,Soil horizon ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Fertilizer ,cover crops ,Soil fertility ,fitomassa ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,charcoal - Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of biochar made from Eucalyptus on soil fertility, and on the yield and development of upland rice. The experiment was performed during two years in a randomized block design with four replicates, in a sandy loam Dystric Plinthosol. Four doses of NPK 05-25-15, annually distributed in stripes (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1), and four doses of biochar (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha-1), applied once in the first year - alone or with NPK - were evaluated. In the first year, biochar positively affected soil fertility [total organic carbon (TOC), Ca, P, Al, H+Al, and pH], at 0-10 cm soil depth, and it was the only factor with significant effect on yield. In the second year, the effect of biochar diminished or was overcome by the fertilizer. TOC moved down in the soil profile to the 0-20 cm depth, influencing K availability in this layer. In the second year, there was a significant interaction between biochar and the fertilizer on plant growth and biomass dry matter accumulation. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do "biochar" de Eucalyptus sobre a fertilidade do solo, e sobre a produtividade e o desenvolvimento do arroz de terras altas. O experimento foi conduzido durante dois anos, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em Plintossolo Háplico franco-arenoso. Foram avaliadas quatro doses do fertilizante mineral NPK 05-25-15 (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg ha-1), distribuídas anualmente em faixas, e quatro doses de "biochar" (0, 8, 16 e 32 Mg ha-1), aplicadas uma única vez, no primeiro ano, sozinho ou com o fertilizante. No primeiro ano, o "biochar" afetou positivamente a fertilidade do solo [carbono orgânico total (TOC), Ca, P, Al, H+Al e pH], à profundidade de 0-10 cm, e foi o único fator com efeito significativo sobre a produtividade. No segundo ano, o efeito do "biochar" diminuiu ou foi superado pelo do fertilizante. O TOC se movimentou no perfil do solo para a profundidade de 10-20 cm, e isto influenciou a disponibilidade de K naquela camada. No segundo ano, houve interação significativa entre "biochar" e fertilizante quanto ao crescimento das plantas e ao acúmulo de massa de matéria seca.
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- 2012
177. Comparações florísticas e estruturais entre duas comunidades lenhosas de cerrado típico e cerrado rupestre, Mato Grosso, Brasil
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Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Letícia Gomes, Leandro Maracahipes, Eddie Lenza, and Edmar Almeida de Oliveira
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Ecology ,Forestry ,Plant Science ,Vegetation ,Biology ,rocky substrate ,Floristics ,diversidade ,savanna ,Basal area ,diversity ,Diversity index ,substrato rochoso ,savana ,fogo ,Ordination ,Species richness ,Hectare ,fire ,Woody plant - Abstract
Comparou-se a riqueza, a composição florística e a estrutura da vegetação lenhosa entre um hectare de cerrado rupestre (CR) e um de cerrado típico (CT) no leste Mato-grossense. A riqueza registrada (CT = 79 e CR = 71) e estimada pelo método de bootstrap (CT = 86,7 ± 2,3 e CR = 75,8 ± 1,8) foi maior no CT, mas o índice de diversidade foi igual entre as duas fisionomias (3,58 no CT e 3,56 no CR; teste t de Hutcheson = t2;0,05 = 0,43, p > 0,05). Apesar da elevada similaridade florística (Sørensen = 0,75 e Morisita = 0,73), a análise de ordenação (DCA) separou as parcelas do CT e do CR, indicando a seleção de espécies nas duas fisionomias. Foram registradas altas porcentagens de indivíduos mortos no CT (28,1%) e no CR (17,3%), devido à ocorrência de uma queimada quatro meses antes da amostragem da vegetação. A área basal por parcela foi maior no CR, enquanto as densidades por parcela, as alturas e os diâmetros medianos dos indivíduos, não diferiram entre as duas fisionomias, sugerindo que o solo raso e o afloramento rochoso no CR não limitaram o estabelecimento e o desenvolvimento da flora lenhosa. In this work, the vegetation richness, floristic composition and the structure of woody plants of 1 hectare of rocky cerrado ("cerrado rupestre") (CR) and 1 hectare of typical cerrado (CT), in eastern Mato Grosso, were compared. The observed (CT = 79 and CR = 71) and the estimated richness (CT = 86.7 ± 2.3 and CR = 75.8 ± 1.8), using bootstrap analysis, were higher in the CT, but the diversity index was the same for both physiognomies (3.58 in CT and 3.56 in CR; Hutcheson t test = t2;0.05 = 0.43, p > 0.05). Despite high floristic similarity (Sørensen = 0.75 and Morisita = 0.73), the ordination analysis (DCA) separated the CT and CR plots, which indicated species selection in both physiognomies. A percentage of dead individuals in CT (28.1%) and CR (17.3%), due to fires four months before sampling took place, was also found. The CR basal area per plot was higher, and densities per plot, heights and mean diameters of individuals did not differ between both physiognomies, which suggests that the shallow soil and rocky outcrop of CR have not limited the establishment and development of the woody flora.
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- 2011
178. Structural dynamics of the woody community in a semideciduous forest in the Cerrado-Amazon Forest transition of Mato Grosso, Brazil
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José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Henrique Augusto Mews, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, and Divino Silvério
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recrutamento ,tropical forest ,Biomass (ecology) ,mortalidade ,Florestas tropicais - conservação ,Ecology ,Diameter at breast height ,Forestry ,Plant Science ,Biology ,mortality ,Floristics ,Ecossistema ,Basal area ,incremento ,Liana ,recruitment ,floresta tropical ,Natural ecosystem ,increment ,lianas ,Florestas tropicais - savanas - fitogeografia ,Woody plant - Abstract
O entendimento de processos ecologicos, especialmente das modificacoes estruturais e floristicas em ecossistemas naturais, e fundamental para embasar acoes visando a sua conservacao e/ou restauracao. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar mudancas ocorridas na estrutura da comunidade lenhosa na transicao Cerrado-Floresta Amazonica, no periodo de 2003 a 2008. Foram estabelecidas 60 parcelas permanentes de 10 x 10 m onde foram amostrados todos os individuos com diametro a altura do peito ≥ 5 cm. Em 2003 foram registrados 1.140 ind. ha-1 e area basal de 24,35 m2 ha-1, enquanto em 2008 foram 1.071 ind. ha-1 e area basal de 22,04 m2 ha-1. O recrutamento (2,76% ano-1) nao compensou a mortalidade (3,95% ano-1) e o ganho em area basal (0,54% ano-1) nao superou a perda (3,77% ano-1). Em funcao dessa diferenca, a meia vida (17,3 anos) foi menor que o tempo de duplicacao (29,9 anos), resultando em baixa estabilidade (12,6 anos) e reposicao (23,6 anos) em relacao a outras florestas estacionais. Os parametros de dinamica da comunidade e das principais especies sugerem que a floresta esta passando por mudancas caracterizadas principalmente pela retracao da densidade e biomassa dos individuos arboreos, que podem estar relacionadas ao aumento das lianas, a uma fase de inicio de reconstrucao do ciclo silvigenetico da floresta ou ainda a forte seca que ocorreu na regiao no ano de 2005. Understanding ecological processes, especially the structural and floristic changes in natural ecosystems, is essential before conserving and/or restoring these areas. The aim of this study was to assess the changes that occurred in the woody plant community from 2003 to 2008. Sixty permanent plots of 10 x 10 m were established, in which all individuals with diameter at breast height ≥ 5 cm were sampled. A total of 1,140 ind. ha-1 were recorded in 2003 (basal area 24.35 m2 ha-1) and 1,071 ind. ha-1 in 2008 (basal area of 22.04 m2 ha-1). The recruitment (2.76% year-1) did not compensate mortality (3.95% year-1) and the basal area gain (0.54% year-1) did not exceed the loss (3.77% year-1). Because of this unbalance, the half-life (17.3 years) was lower than the doubling time (29.9 years), resulting in low stability (12.6 yrs) and replacement (23.6 yrs) in relation to other seasonal forests. The parameters of community and species dynamics suggest that the forest is undergoing changes characterized mainly by the density and biomass reduction of trees, which may be related to an increase in lianas, an early rebuilding phase of the forest silvigenetic cycle or even the severe drought that occurred in the region in 2005.
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- 2011
179. Structure of the woody vegetation in two natural fragments of floodplain forests (impucas) in the Araguaia State Park, Mato Grosso State
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Leandro Maracahipes, Eddie Lenza, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Danielle Cristine de Figueiredo Barbosa, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, and Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
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Cerrado-Amazon Forest transition ,Ecology ,Biome ,Pantanal do Araguaia ,Diameter at breast height ,Forestry ,Amazonian forest ,Cerrado ,Vegetation ,Araguaia River Floodplain ,Basal area ,Diversity index ,Geography ,lcsh:SD1-669.5 ,Conservation status ,Transição Cerrado-Floresta Amazônica ,lcsh:Forestry ,Transect ,Fitossociologia ,Phytosociology - Abstract
As impucas são fragmentos florestais que sofrem inundação sazonal e se localizam em área de transição entre os biomas Cerrado e Floresta Amazônica. Este estudo objetivou avaliar e comparar a estrutura da vegetação de duas impucas com diferentes estados de conservação no Parque Estadual do Araguaia (PEA), em Mato Grosso, uma não degradada (ND) (12º19'11,2"S e 50º44'15,6"W) e outra degradada (DE) (12º09'04,2"S e 50º49'37"W). Foram demarcados cinco transectos subdivididos em 50 parcelas permanentes de 10x20m. Todos os indivíduos lenhosos com diâmetro à altura do peito > 5 cm foram amostrados. A impuca ND apresentou 28 famílias, 42 gêneros e 45 espécies, e a DE apresentou 22, 31 e 33, respectivamente. Na impuca ND, a densidade total foi de 2.177 ind.ha-1, a área basal de 35,23 m².ha-1, e a diversidade de espécies de Shannon-Wiener de 2,87 nats.ind-1, e na DE foi 1.501 ind.ha-1, 25,16 m².ha-1 e 2,64 nats.ind-1, respectivamente. As espécies que mais se destacaram foram Licania apetala, Calophyllum brasiliense, Ochthocosmus multiflorus, Mabea paniculata, Tachigali froesii e Xylopia sp. A impuca DE apresentou menores riqueza, diversidade de espécies, densidade e dominância relativas do que a impuca ND, provavelmente devido ao histórico de perturbações e à inundação anual. A similaridade florística (Sørensen) entre ambas foi alta. Contudo, ao compará-las com impucas de Tocantins e outras florestas brasileiras, a similaridade foi baixa, sugerindo que as impucas de Mato Grosso e Tocantins apresentam identidade florística própria. Este estudo contribui para o conhecimento dos ecótonos brasileiros, para a elaboração do plano de manejo do PEA e para iniciativas de recuperação de impucas degradadas. Impucas are seasonally inundated forest fragments located in the transition between the Cerrado and Amazonian Forest biomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate and to compare the vegetation structure of two impucas under different conservation status located at Araguaia State Park (AST), Mato Grosso State: non-altered vegetation structure (NA) (12º19'11.2"S and 50º44'15.6"W) and altered vegetation structure (AL) (12º09'04.2"S and 50º49'37"W). It was delimited five transects subdivided into 50 permanent plots of 10x20 m. All woody individuals with diameter at breast height > 5cm were sampled. The NA impuca presented 28 families, 42 genera and 45 species and AL impuca 22 families, 31 genera and 33 species. Total density, basal area and Shannon-Wiener's diversity index were 2,177 ind.ha-1, 35.23 m².ha-1 and 2.87 nats.ind-1 in NA impuca and 1,501 ind.ha-1, 25.16 m².ha-1 and 2.63 nats.ind-1in AL impuca, respectively. The most important species were Licania apetala, Calophyllum brasiliense, Ochthocosmus multiflorus, Mabea paniculata, Tachigali froesii and Xylopia sp. The AL impuca presented smaller floristic richness, species diversity, density and relative dominance in comparison with NA impuca, probably due the historic of disturbance and annual flooding. Floristic similarity (Sørensen) was high between ASP impucas. However, when they were compared with those of Tocantins and other Brazilian forests, the similarity was low, suggesting that impucas from Mato Grosso and Tocantins states presented their own floristic identity. This study contributes to the knowledge of the Brazilian ecotones, for elaboration of ASP management plan and for actions of recovery degraded impucas.
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- 2011
180. Structure and floristic composition of woody vegetation in cerrado rupestre in the Cerrado-Amazonian Forest transition zone, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Leandro Maracahipes, José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, and Eddie Lenza
- Subjects
leste mato-grossense ,Amazônia ,Erythroxylum suberosum ,Cerrados ,phytosociology ,Savanas ,savana ,fitossociologia ,Eastern Mato Grosso ,limites Cerrado-Amazônia ,savanna ,Cerrado-Amazon boundaries - Abstract
O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a composição florística e a estrutura da vegetação lenhosa (incluindo monocotiledôneas e lianas) em cerrado rupestre na zona de transição Cerrado-Floresta Amazônica, no Parque do Bacaba, em Nova Xavantina, MT (14º 41’ S e 52º 20’ W) e compará-las com outros estudos de cerrado sentido restrito. Foram demarcadas aleatoriamente 10 parcelas de 20 × 50 m, nas quais foram medidos os indivíduos vivos e mortos em pé com diâmetro mínimo a 30 cm do solo (DAS) ≥ 3 cm. O cerrado rupestre apresentou alta densidade (3.766 indivíduos vivos), riqueza florística (85 espécies, 67 gêneros e 34 famílias) e área basal (15,72 m2ha-1), e ainda elevado valor do índice de diversidade de espécies de Shannon-Wiener (H’ = 3,47) e equabilidade de Pielou (J = 0,78) em relação às áreas comparadas. As espécies com maior valor de importância foram Erythroxylum suberosum, Qualea parviflora, Anacardium occidentale, Kielmeyera rubriflora e Vatairea macrocarpa. A maior similaridade florística entre comunidades de cerrado típico e rupestre localizadas em áreas com menores altitudes do leste mato-grossense sugere que nessa região a proximidade geográfica e a altitude exercem influência sobre a composição de espécies, independentemente do substrato. A comunidade apresentou distribuição de alturas unimodal, predominando indivíduos de porte arbustivo com altura < 3 m e DAS < 5 cm. É sugerido aqui que estudos florísticos e fitossociológicos realizados em cerrado rupestre empreguem DAS mínimo de 3 cm e incluam espécies de monocotiledôneas e de lianas para representar de maneira mais realística a riqueza e composição de espécies e a estrutura da vegetação. A elevada riqueza e diversidade de espécies registrada no presente estudo podem estar relacionadas à posição pré-Amazônica deste cerrado rupestre, enfatizando a importância da manutenção do Parque do Bacaba no sentido de garantir a proteção de sua diversidade biológica. This study aimed to analyze the floristic composition and the structure of a savanna on rocky soil (“cerrado rupestre”) woody vegetation (including monocots and lianas) in the Cerrado-Amazon Forest transition zone located at Parque Municipal do Bacaba, Nova Xavantina, State of Mato Grosso (14º 41’ S and 52º 20’ W), and compare it with other cerrado stricto sensu studies. Ten 20 × 50 m plots were randomly established, within which all live and dead woody plants with at least 3 cm of trunk diameter at 30 cm above ground level (DSH30 ≥ 3 cm) were measured. The cerrado rupestre showed high density (3,766 live individuals), richness (85 species, 67 genera and 34 families) and basal area (15.72 m2ha-1), as well as high levels of Shannon-Wiener species diversity (H’ = 3.47) and evenness (J = 0.78) indices. The most important species were Erythroxylum suberosum, Qualea parviflora, Anacardium occidentale, Kielmeyera rubriflora and Vatairea macrocarpa. The greatest floristic similarity found between typical cerrado and “cerrado rupestre” communities from lower altitude areas of Northeastern Mato Grosso suggest that, in this region, altitude and geographical distance influence the species composition, regardless of the substrate. The community presented unimodality in the heights distribution and is mostly compounded by shrubby individuals with height < 3 m and DSH < 5 cm. We suggest that floristic and phytosociological studies conducted in “cerrado rupestre” should adopt DSH ≥ 3 cm and include monocot and liana species, so as to more realistically represent the vegetation richness, species composition and structure. The high species richness and diversity registered in this study might be related to this “cerrado rupestre” pre-Amazonian location, which emphasizes the importance of “Parque do Bacaba” maintenance as a guarantee of its biological diversity protection.
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- 2011
181. Dynamics of the woody community of a typical cerrado in Northeastearn Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Leandro Maracahipes, Henrique Augusto Mews, and Daniel David Franczak
- Subjects
recrutamento ,Biomass (ecology) ,mortalidade ,Annual increment ,Ecology ,Species diversity ,Alteração ambiental ,Forestry ,Mudança estrutural ,Vegetation ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Kielmeyera ,mudanças estruturais ,Euplassa inaequalis ,Basal area ,Savanas ,savana ,alterações temporais ,Mortalidade - plantas ,Woody plant - Abstract
O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar as mudanças na comunidade lenhosa em um período de quatro anos. Foram estabelecidas 50 parcelas permanentes de 10 × 10 m onde foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com diâmetro a 30 cm acima do solo (DAS 30 cm) > 5 cm em 2002 e em 2006. No inventário de janeiro de 2002, foram encontrados 945 indivíduos pertencentes a 77 espécies, 65 gêneros e 35 famílias ao passo que em janeiro de 2006 foram 1.106 indivíduos distribuídos em 80 espécies, 66 gêneros e 36 famílias. A diversidade de espécies e a estrutura diamétrica da comunidade não diferiram no período. As taxas de mortalidade (4,01% ano-1) e de perda de área basal (0,68% ano-1) foram compensadas pelas taxas de recrutamento (6,67% ano-1) e de ganho de área basal (2,26% ano-1), indicando a manutenção da comunidade como aparentemente estável. O incremento periódico anual (IPA) da comunidade foi de 0,31 cm ano-1, sendo superado pelo IPA de Euplassa inaequalis, Kielmeyera rubriflora e Byrsonima coccolobifolia (0,72, 0,49 e 0,47 cm ano-1, respectivamente), indicando o potencial de crescimento de tais espécies como importante para estratégias de recuperação de áreas degradadas. A ausência de fogo no período estudado pode ter sido o fator responsável pela dinâmica da vegetação do cerrado estudado, favorecendo o estabelecimento de algumas espécies lenhosas e proporcionando aumento em densidade e biomassa. The objective of the study was to investigate changes in the woody plant community in a four-year period. It was established 50 permanent plots of 10 × 10 m and all individuals with diameter above ground 30 cm (DAG 30 cm) > 5 cm were sampled in 2002 and 2006. In the inventory of January 2002, were found 945 individuals belonging to 77 species, 65 genera and 35 families and in January 2006, were 1,106 individuals, 80 species, 66 genera and 36 families. Community species diversity and diameter structure did not change within the period. Mortality rates (4.01% year-1) and basal area losses (0.68% year-1) were offset by recruitment (6.67% year-1) and gain (2.26% year-1), indicating community maintenance as stable apparently. The periodic annual increment (PAI) of the community was 0.31 cm year-1, being overcome by the PAI of Euplassa inaequalis, Kielmeyera rubriflora and Byrsonima coccolobifolia (0.72, 0.49 and 0.47 cm year-1, respectively), indicating the growth potential of such species as important for recovery strategies on degraded areas. The absence of fire during the study period may have been the main factor behind the dynamics of the vegetation of the studied cerrado, favoring the establishment of some woody species and providing increase in density and biomass.
- Published
- 2011
182. Dinâmica da comunidade lenhosa de uma floresta de galeria na transição Cerrado-Floresta Amazônica no Leste de Mato Grosso, em um período de sete anos (1999 a 2006)
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Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Aline Miguel, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, and Leandro Maracahipes
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recrutamento ,forest dynamics ,mortalidade ,recruitment ,floresta ripária ,riparian forest ,dinâmica florestal ,increment ,mortality ,incremento - Abstract
O estudo foi realizado na floresta de galeria do Córrego Bacaba (14º 43' 12,2" S e 52º 21' 36,7" W), na transição Cerrado-Floresta Amazônica em Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso. O objetivo foi avaliar e comparar a dinâmica da comunidade lenhosa de três porções da floresta localizadas em um gradiente topográfico (alto, meio e baixo) em um período de sete anos. O inventário consistiu de 141 parcelas permanentes de 10 × 10 m distribuídas nas três porções da floresta, onde foram medidos os indivíduos com CAP > 15 cm, em 1999 e 2006. Foram calculados os parâmetros de dinâmica e o incremento periódico anual (IPA), com base no número de indivíduos e na área basal. Nas três porções de floresta a mortalidade foi superior ao recrutamento. A porção do baixo foi a mais dinâmica, pois apresentou a maior taxa de mortalidade (6,84%) e o maior recrutamento (4,73%). A elevada dinâmica da floresta deve-se, provavelmente, ao estágio de sucessão intermediário no qual ela se encontra e às diferentes condições do ambiente conforme a topografia. Os valores do IPA de algumas espécies comuns às três porções de floresta permitiram confirmar que ocorrem diferenças no incremento de uma porção para outra, indicando que algumas espécies apresentam restrições e outras são beneficiadas para crescer em determinados ambientes. Por outro lado, algumas espécies apresentaram valores de IPA similares nas três porções da floresta, confirmando plasticidade às diferentes condições ambientais. As espécies estudadas apresentaram taxas distintas de recrutamento, mortalidade e incremento relacionadas aos grupos ecológicos e à localização topográfica. Sugere-se que o gradiente topográfico e a inundação sazonal contribuem para posicionar esta comunidade entre as florestas tropicais mais dinâmicas. The study was carried out on the gallery forest of the Bacaba stream (14º 43' 12.2" S and 52º 21' 36.7" W), in the transition between Cerrado and Amazon Forest in Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The objective was to evaluate and compare the dynamics of the woody community at three sections of the forest (upper, middle and lower) in a topographic gradient over a seven year period. The inventory consisted of 141 permanent plots (10 × 10 m) distributed in the three sections where all individuals > 15 cm girth at breast height were recorded in 1999 and 2006. Based in density and basal area, the Periodic Annual Increment (PAI) and dynamics parameters were calculated. In all forest sections the mortality was higher than recruitment. The lower section was the most dynamic, because presented the higher mortality (6.84%) and recruitment (4.73%) rates. The community was dynamic, probably due to its current intermediary successional stage and the different environmental conditions depending on the topography. The PAI values of the species in common with all sections confirm differences in increment, indicating that some have restrictions and others benefit to grow in certain environments. On the other hand, some species had similar PAI values in the three forest sections, confirming a plasticity to adapt to different environmental conditions. The species presented different recruitment, mortality and increment rates, related to the ecological groups and topographic position. We suggest that the topographic gradient and seasonal flooding contribute to include this community among the most dynamic tropical forests.
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- 2011
183. Height-diameter allometry of tropical forest trees
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Reuben Nilus, Simon L. Lewis, P.B. De Camargo, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Abdul Rahman Kassim, Kamariah Abu Salim, Niro Higuchi, Michael W. Palace, Michael I. Bird, Edward T. A. Mitchard, Jon Lloyd, Jérôme Chave, Eric Arets, Annette Hladik, Lindsay F. Banin, M.T. Raventos, M.B. França, Timothy R. Baker, Carlos A. Quesada, Hannsjörg Wöll, Hermann Taedoumg, D.A. King, Gustavo Saiz, Ted R. Feldpausch, J.E. Kemp, Michael Keller, Gloria Djagbletey, Sylvester Tan, Euler Melo Nogueira, Kelvin S.-H. Peh, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Oliver L. Phillips, Jon C. Lovett, Daniel J. Metcalfe, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Franziska Schrodt, Bonaventure Sonké, Tomas F. Domingues, Michael Drescher, Eduardo S. Brondizio, Jan Reitsma, Bruce Walker Nelson, Nicholas J. Berry, Yoshiko Iida, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, M. O. Hunter, Emilio F. Moran, Lee J. T. White, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Andrew R. Marshall, Sandra Patiño, Eddie Lenza, Philip M. Fearnside, University of St Andrews. School of Geography and Geosciences, and University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
- Subjects
Vegetation Structure ,lcsh:Life ,CE - Forest Ecosystems ,Basal area ,Hydraulic architecture ,Geographical Region ,Dry season ,montane forest ,Guyana Shield ,Wageningen Environmental Research ,spatial-patterns ,Leaf gas-exchange ,Altitudinal transect ,Environmental-change ,Biomass (ecology) ,Spatial-patterns ,GE ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,Aboveground biomass ,Vegetation ,altitudinal transect ,Montane forest ,Amazon rain-forest ,leaf gas-exchange ,hydraulic architecture ,aboveground biomass ,GE Environmental Sciences ,Asia ,Tree allometry ,Elfin cloud forest ,Pantropical ,environmental-change ,amazon rain-forest ,Database ,Diameter ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,Akaike Information Criterion ,Tropical Forest ,Neotropical forest ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Amazon Basin ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Hydrology ,Allometry ,neotropical forest ,Australia ,Tropics ,elfin cloud forest ,METIS-281451 ,lcsh:Geology ,lcsh:QH501-531 ,Air Temperature ,Africa ,lcsh:Ecology ,Physical geography - Abstract
Research was supported by NERC through the Tropical Biomes in Transition (TROBIT) Consortium; AMAZONICA; AfriTRON and the RAINFOR network with additional support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. LB was supported by a NERC PhD Studentship and Henrietta Hutton Grant (RGS-IBG); SLL was supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship; some African data was collected under a NERC New Investigator Award (AfriTRON); Additional support was provided by EScFund grant of the Malaysian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI); Tropenbos International and the European Commission (project B7-6201/98-13/FOR); Large-scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) (ND-11, CD-37, CD-41, and TG-07) under the leadership of the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT); PELD-CNPq and PROCAD-CAPES; and, the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Tropical tree height-diameter (H:D) relationships may vary by forest type and region making large-scale estimates of above-ground biomass subject to bias if they ignore these differences in stem allometry. We have therefore developed a new global tropical forest database consisting of 39 955 concurrent H and D measurements encompassing 283 sites in 22 tropical countries. Utilising this database, our objectives were: 1. to determine if H:D relationships differ by geographic region and forest type (wet to dry forests, including zones of tension where forest and savanna overlap). 2. to ascertain if the H:D relationship is modulated by climate and/or forest structural characteristics (e.g. stand-level basal area, A). 3. to develop H:D allometric equations and evaluate biases to reduce error in future local-to-global estimates of tropical forest biomass. Annual precipitation coefficient of variation (P-V), dry season length (S-D), and mean annual air temperature (T-A) emerged as key drivers of variation in H:D relationships at the pantropical and region scales. Vegetation structure also played a role with trees in forests of a high A being, on average, taller at any given D. After the effects of environment and forest structure are taken into account, two main regional groups can be identified. Forests in Asia, Africa and the Guyana Shield all have, on average, similar H:D relationships, but with trees in the forests of much of the Amazon Basin and tropical Australia typically being shorter at any given D than their counterparts elsewhere. The region-environment-structure model with the lowest Akaike's information criterion and lowest deviation estimated stand-level H across all plots to within a median -2.7 to 0.9% of the true value. Some of the plot-to-plot variability in H:D relationships not accounted for by this model could be attributed to variations in soil physical conditions. Other things being equal, trees tend to be more slender in the absence of soil physical constraints, especially at smaller D. Pantropical and continental-level models provided less robust estimates of H, especially when the roles of climate and stand structure in modulating H:D allometry were not simultaneously taken into account. Publisher PDF
- Published
- 2011
184. Impactos do agrupamento do bambu Actinocladum verticillatum (Nees) McClure ex Soderstr. (POACEAE) sobre a vegetação lenhosa de duas fitofisionomias de Cerrado na transição Cerrado-Floresta Amazônica
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Divino Silvério, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Henrique Augusto Mews, and Eddie Lenza
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Actinocladum ,Bamboo ,bamboo ,biology ,estruturação da comunidade ,Bambu ,competição ,conservation ,Species diversity ,Forestry ,Vegetation ,biology.organism_classification ,Floristics ,Basal area ,woody species ,Botany ,Species richness ,conservação ,community structure ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,competition ,espécies lenhosas ,Woody plant - Abstract
Este estudo analisou os efeitos do agrupamento de uma espécie de bambu nativa do Cerrado (Actinocladum verticillatum) sobre a composição florística, diversidade e estrutura da vegetação lenhosa de um cerradão e de um cerrado típico adjacentes no Parque Municipal do Bacaba, Nova Xavantina-MT. Foram instaladas 60 parcelas de 10x10 m, sendo 30 no cerradão e 30 no cerrado típico. Em cada fitofisionomia, foram instaladas 15 parcelas em um sítio sem bambu (SB) e 15 em um sítio com cobertura estimada de folhagem de bambu superior a 90% (CB). Foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos com diâmetro a 30 centímetros do solo (DAS) ≥ 3 cm. Foi avaliada a riqueza, a diversidade de espécies, a similaridade florística, a distribuição de diâmetros e alturas e o índice de valor de importância das espécies (VI). De forma geral, os sítios CB das duas fitofisionomias apresentaram menores valores quanto ao número de indivíduos, espécies, gêneros, famílias, densidades e áreas basais em relação aos sítios SB, com redução mais acentuada nestes parâmetros no cerrado típico em relação ao cerradão. Os resultados sugerem que a ocupação do espaço e a redução da incidência luminosa causada pelas touceiras do bambu dificultam a germinação das sementes e o estabelecimento das plântulas de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas, selecionando as espécies mais tolerantes ao sombreamento modificando a composição florística e a estrutura da vegetação. This study evaluated the effects of a Cerrado native bamboo species (Actinocladum verticillatum) clumps on the floristic composition, diversity and structure of the woody vegetation in two adjacent areas of “cerradão” and typical “cerrado” in the Bacaba Municipal Park, Nova Xavantina, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sixty plots of 10 x 10 m were established, 30 in each forest physiognomy. In each physiognomy, 15 plots were placed in a bamboo-free site (SB) and 15 in a site with an estimated bamboo leaf cover of over 90% (CB). All individuals (shrubs and trees) with a diameter at soil height (DSH = 30 cm aboveground) ≥ 3 cm were sampled. Species richness and diversity, floristic similarity, diameter and height distribution, and the species importance value index (IVI) were evaluated. In general, CB sites of both physiognomies had lower values of number of individuals, species, genera, families, density and basal area compared to SB sites, with marked decrease in these parameters in the cerrado in relation to cerradão. Results suggest that the space occupation and reduction of light incidence caused by bamboo clumping affect seed germination and seedling establishment of Cerrado shrubs and trees, selecting more shade-tolerant species and changing the floristic composition and vegetation structure.
- Published
- 2010
185. Diversity, abundance and distribution of lianas of the Cerrado–Amazonian forest transition, Brazil
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Jon Lloyd, Oliver L. Phillips, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ted R. Feldpausch, Guarino Rinaldi Colli, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Eddie Lenza, Leandro Maracahipes, Claudinei Oliveira-Santos, Jon Lloyd, Oliver L. Phillips, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ted R. Feldpausch, Guarino Rinaldi Colli, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Eddie Lenza, Leandro Maracahipes, and Claudinei Oliveira-Santos
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
186. Desenvolvimento inicial e partição de biomassa de Brosimum rubescens Taub. (Moraceae) sob diferentes níveis de sombreamento
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Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Christopher William Fagg, Jeanine Maria Felfili, Augusto C. Franco, and Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
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Canopy ,photosynthesis ,AMAX ,análise de crescimento ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Photosynthesis ,Moraceae ,biology.organism_classification ,fotossíntese ,luz ,monodominant forest ,Horticulture ,floresta monodominante ,Mato Grosso ,Monodominance ,Dry weight ,Botany ,growth analysis ,Dry matter ,Shading ,light - Abstract
Florestas monodominantes de Brosimum rubescens Taub. (Moraceae) ocorrem na zona de transição Cerrado/Amazônia e encontram-se ameaçadas pela extração da madeira. Dentre as possíveis causas de monodominância destaca-se a disponibilidade de luz, de modo que o objetivo deste trabalho foi testar os efeitos no crescimento e na assimilação de CO2 de diferentes níveis de sombreamento em condições naturais e em viveiro. Em viveiro, os tratamentos foram 0, 30, 50, 70 e 90% de sombreamento e na floresta foram avaliadas plantas jovens crescendo sob o dossel e em clareira. A taxa de assimilação de CO2 em resposta a variações na intensidade luminosa foi medida em plantas jovens sob três condições de sombreamento. As plantas que cresceram sob o dossel fechado apresentaram taxas de crescimento relativo menores do que aquelas que cresceram na clareira. Aos 21 meses, o maior valor de massa seca total (9,46 g) foi encontrado sob 50% de sombreamento, representando um acúmulo de biomassa 144% superior ao tratamento sob 90%. Em todos os tratamentos e amostragens, a partição foi massa seca da raiz > folhas > caule. A menor taxa fotossintética máxima (Amáx= 3,46 µmol m-2 s¹) foi observada para 90% de sombreamento e a maior (Amáx= 7,89 µmol m-2 s-1) foi registrada sob 30% de sombreamento. Clareiras provavelmente desempenham um papel importante na manutenção da monodominância, uma vez que B. rubescens apresentou plasticidade para diferentes condições de luminosidade e maior crescimento nos níveis intermediários de sombreamento. Monodominant forests of Brosimum rubescens Taub. (Moraceae) occur at the Cerrado/Amazonia boundary and are threatened by logging. Light is considered an important determinant for monodominance in forests, so the aim of this study was to analyze initial growth at shading levels of 0, 30, 50, 70 and 90% in the nursery, in a forest gap, and also at a closed canopy site. Photosynthesis was measured in seedlings at three shading levels. Seedlings under a closed canopy showed lower relative growth rates in comparison to seedlings growing in a nearby gap. At 21 months of age, the highest total dry mass of 9.46 g was measured at 50% shading. This represents a biomass accumulation of 144% over that found at 90% shading. For all treatments in every assessment the partitioning was dry matter of roots > leaves > stems. The lowest maximum photosynthesis rate (Amax= 3.46 µmol m-2 s-1) was recorded at 90% shading and the highest (Amax= 7.89 µmol m-2 s-1) was recorded at 30% shading. Gaps seem to play an important role in maintaining monodominance since B. rubescens showed some plasticity regarding light conditions and grew better at intermediate shading levels.
- Published
- 2008
187. Diversidade, estrutura e distribuição espacial de palmeiras em um cerrado sensu stricto no Brasil Central - DF
- Author
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Aldicir Scariot, Jeanine Maria Felfili, Edson de Souza Lima, and Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
- Subjects
biology ,Cerrados ,Diversidade biológica ,Brasil ,Biome ,Syagrus flexuosa ,Palmeira ,biology.organism_classification ,Spatial distribution ,estrutura ,diversidade ,Basal area ,diversity ,cerrado ,palmeiras ,Botany ,Butia ,Biological dispersal ,structure ,Allagoptera leucocalyx ,Sensu stricto ,Brazil ,palms - Abstract
A diversidade, estrutura e distribuição espacial de palmeiras em um cerrado sensu stricto foi estudada. Os dados foram coletados em 21 parcelas de 20 × 50 m distribuídas aleatoriamente em 152 ha (400 × 3800 m). Os diâmetros foram adquiridos a 0,10 m acima do nível do solo. Registraram-se o estágio reprodutivo e a altura dos indivíduos. Foram identificadas seis espécies de palmeiras, totalizando 1671 indivíduos em 2,1 ha. A densidade total das espécies foi de 795,7 palmeiras.ha-1, destacando-se Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc. (41,2%), S. petraea (Mart.) Becc. (21,7%) e S. comosa (Mart.) Mart. (11,2%). As mais freqüentes foram S. flexuosa e Allagoptera leucocalyx (Drude) O. Kuntze. A área basal total foi de 0,51 m2.ha-1. S. flexuosa teve o maior VI. A distribuição de alturas e diâmetros foi quase unimodal para todas as espécies. O coeficiente de correlação entre diâmetro e altura foi baixo (r = 0,0002 a 0,1247). Syagrus comosa apresentou a maior altura (380 cm). Butia archeri destacou-se em diâmetro (6,8-21 cm). Todas as espécies apresentaram-se férteis, destacando-se B. archeri (100%). Todas as espécies tiveram padrão de dispersão agregado. Uma classificação por TWINSPAN (autovalor 0,501), separou dois grupos: B. archeri, S. comosa e S. petraea, como preferenciais para um grupo de parcelas, e A. campestris, A. leucocalyx e S. flexuosa, como menos agregada. Conclui-se que o cerrado apresenta uma rica e abundante flora de palmeiras com diferenças morfológicas e estruturais que precisam ser melhor conhecidas para se determinarem padrões da diversidade e estrutura de palmeiras para o bioma. The diversity, structure and spatial distribution of palms in a cerrado sensu stricto was studied. Data were collected in 21 plots of 20 × 50 m distributed randomly over a 152 ha area (400 × 3800 m). The diameters were taken at 0.10 m above the level of the soil. The reproductive stage and height per individual were recorded. Six species of palms was identified and a total 1671 individuals in 2.1 ha. The total density of the species was 796 palms.ha-1, in particular Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc. (41.2%), S. petraea (Mart.) Becc. (21.7%) and S. comosa (Mart.) Mart. (11.2%). The most frequent were S. flexuosa and Allagoptera leucocalyx (Drude) O. Kuntze. The total basal area was 0.51 m2.ha-1. S. flexuosa showed the greatest VI. The height and diameter distributions were almost unimodal, with all species. The coefficient of correlation between diameter and height was low (r = 0.0002 to 0.1247). Syagrus comosa produced the largest height value (380 cm). Butia archeri stood out in diameter (6.8-21 cm). All species were fertile, particularly B. archeri (100%). The pattern of dispersal of all species was aggregated. A classification by TWINSPAN (eigenvalue 0.501) separated B. archeri, S. comosa, and S. petraea as preferential for a group of plots and A. campestris, A. leucocalyx, and S. flexuosa as indifferent. It was concluded that the cerrado contains a rich and abundant flora of palms with morphological and structural differences that requires further research to determine patterns of diversity and structure of palms for the biome.
- Published
- 2003
188. Composição florística e fitossociologia do cerrado sentido restrito no Município de Água Boa – MT
- Author
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Paulo Ernane Nogueira, Welington Braz Carvalho Delitti, Jeanine Maria Felfili, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, and Manoel Cláudio da Silva Júnior
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biology ,Phytosociology ,Ecology ,Diversidade biológica ,Brasil ,Biodiversidade ,Myrtaceae ,Forestry ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Malpighiaceae ,Floristics ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Basal area ,Diversity index ,Amazônia ,Vochysiaceae ,lcsh:Botany ,Byrsonima - Abstract
3/4(Composição florística e fitossociologia do cerrado sentido restrito no município de Água Boa 3/4 MT). O estudo foi conduzido no município de Água Boa, no Vale do Araguaia, área de ecótono entre o Cerrado e Amazônia, que apresenta um complexo vegetacional com o predomínio do cerrado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a composição florística e a fitossociologia do cerrado sentido restrito na região. Foram alocadas dez parcelas de 20x50m (1000m²). Entraram na amostragem todos os indivíduos lenhosos com diâmetro no nível do solo igual ou superior a 5cm. Além da amostragem com identificação in loco das espécies, foram efetuadas incursões de coleta em áreas próximas, para ampliar o levantamento da composição florística. Foram encontradas 34 famílias botânicas, contendo 60 gêneros e 80 espécies. A família Leguminosae apresentou o maior número de espécies (10), seguida por Myrtaceae (7), Vochysiaceae (6) e Malpighiaceae (5). Outras 19 famílias foram representadas por uma única espécie. As espécies com maior Índice de Valor de Importância foram Curatella americana L., Qualea parviflora Mart., Callisthene fasciculata Mart., Mezilaurus crassiramea (Meiss) Taub. e Byrsonima crassa Nied. Treze espécies estiveram representadas por um único indivíduo. A densidade foi de 995 indivíduos/ha e a área basal de 7,5 m2 /ha. O índice de Shannon encontrado (H') foi de 3,69, evidenciando a alta diversidade da área. 3/4 (Floristic composition and phytosociology of a cerrado sensu stricto in Água Boa 3/4 MT). The study was carried out in Água Boa municipality district MT, in the Araguaia Valley, in a transitional zone between Cerrado and Amazonian. There is a mosaic of vegetation types with the predominance of savannas physiognomies. The aim of this work was to study the floristic composition and the phytosociology of the Cerrado sensu stricto in Água Boa. Ten random plots of 20x50m (1000m²) were sampled. The minimum diameter for measurement of the woody plants was 5 cm at the ground level. Besides the sampling with identification in loco of the species, collection incursions were made in the plots and in nearly areas, to enlarge the study of the floristic composition. Thirty-four botanical families distributed in 60 genera and 80 species were found. The family Leguminosae presented the largest number of species (10), followed by Myrtaceae (7), Vochysiaceae (6) and Malpighiaceae (5). Other 19 families were represented by only one species. The species with higher Index of Importance Value were Curatella americana, Qualea parviflora Mart., Callisthene fasciculata Mart., Mezilaurus crassiramea (Meiss) Taub. and Byrsonima crassa Nied. Thirteen species were represented by only one individual. The density was of 995 plants/ha and the basal area was of 7,5 m2 /ha. The Shannon index (H') was 3,69 evidencing the high diversity of the area.
- Published
- 2002
189. Avaliação temporal das características funcionais de espécies arbóreas em fitofisionomias da transição Cerrado-Amazônia, Mato Grosso, Brasil
- Author
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Marco Antonio Camillo de Carvalho, Giovana Zilli, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Fernando Landa Sobral, and Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
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Seca ,Arboreal locomotion ,Environmental change ,Ecology ,Gallery forest ,Fogo ,Vegetation ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,Floristics ,Geography ,Comunidade ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Abundance (ecology) ,medicine ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,Species richness ,lcsh:Science ,Diversidade funcional ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
This study investigated the possibility of temporal variation in functional characteristics of arboreal species in three Cerrado vegetation physiognomies. We analyzed 195 species in total, including 88 in typical cerrado, 89 in cerradao and 105 in gallery forest, with 87 species common in at least two physiognomies. The study was based on lists provided by floristic and phytosociological surveys conducted over 12 years. We observed temporal variation in functional diversity values for typical cerrado and cerradao, while the gallery forest remained constant. The arboreal communities in all three physiognomies showed temporal variation in species richness and abundance, which is likely attributed to drought and fire events that occurred during the study. The lack of temporal change in functional diversity, species richness, and abundance in the gallery forest suggests higher functional stability during periods of environmental change. The causes of the functional changes observed in the typical cerrado and cerradao remain uncertain, but may be related to greater seasonality of soil water availability compared to the gallery forest, where trees have increased access to soil water throughout the year.
- Published
- 2014
190. Studies in monodominant forests in Eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil: II. A forest in the Areoes Xavante Indian Reserve
- Author
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M. Haridasan, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, and Jeanine Maria Felfili
- Subjects
Nutrient ,Geography ,Phytosociology ,Agroforestry ,Amazonian forest ,Plant Science ,Brosimum rubescens ,Soil fertility ,Plant nutrition ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Floristics - Abstract
The floristic composition, structure, soil fertility and leaf nutrient concentrations were analysed in a monodominant forest of Brosimum rubescens Taub. located in the Areões Xavante Indigenous Reserve (14°34′S, 51°58′W). The area lies in the ecotone between Amazonian forest and cerrado in the municipality of Água Boa, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Sixty nested plots (10 × 10m each) were located in a representative portion of the forest, giving a total sampling area of 0.6ha (40 × 150m). A total of 609 trees ≥ 5cm dbh belonging to 57 species, 46 genera and 32 families were present. The most important family was Moraceae, with B. rubescens as the dominant species with a relative dominance of 59%. The diameter distribution of B. rubescens was unbalanced, indicating an episodic recruitment that could lead to future changes in the forest structure. The high basal area per hectare of B. rubescens indicates the possibility of sustainable logging for commercial exploitation. Analysis of composite soil samples collected from the surface layer (0–10cm) of each of the 60 plots did not indicate any significant gradients in fertility within the area sampled. Mean soil pH was 4.6 and the availability of essential nutrients was very low (0.22cmol(+) kg−1 K, 0.048cmol(+) kg−1 Ca, 0.167cmol(+) kg−1 Mg, and 1.5mg kg−1 P). The higher availability of Mg in the soils in comparison with Ca was a feature observed in other monodominant forests in the Amazon region, as well as in other parts of the world. Analysis of foliar samples showed that the dominant species, B. rubescens, maintained higher foliar concentrations of K, Ca and Mg than other species in the forest. This probably indicates a competitive advantage for this species. Also, the higher concentrations of Mg in the soil did not affect its uptake of Ca or K.
191. Biased-corrected richness estimates for the Amazonian tree flora
- Author
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Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Corine Vriesendorp, Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo, Ana Andrade, Agustín Rudas, Susamar Pansini, Yrma Andreina Carrero Márquez, Toby Pennington, Juliana Schietti, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Ted R. Feldpausch, Daniel Villarroel, Bonifacio Mostacedo, George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales, Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Dário Dantas do Amaral, Marcelino Carneiro Guedes, Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Timothy R. Baker, Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues, María Natalia Umaña, Adriano Costa Quaresma, Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Lorena M. Rincón, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, Carlos Cerón, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Jean-François Molino, Paul V. A. Fine, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Roderick Zagt, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Anthony Di Fiore, Cid Ferreira, Aline Lopes, José Julio de Toledo, Therany Gonzales, Milton Tirado, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, Luzmila Arroyo, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Pascal Petronelli, Maria Aparecida Lopes, Patricio von Hildebrand, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Vincent A. Vos, Carolina V. Castilho, Émile Fonty, Lionel Hernández, Olaf Bánki, Rainiellene de Sá Carpanedo, Flávia R. C. Costa, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Daniel Sabatier, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, Daniela Pauletto, Karina Melgaço, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Juan Carlos Licona, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Sasha Cárdenas, Bente B. Klitgaard, William F. Laurance, Boris Villa, William E. Magnusson, Jose L. Pena, Marcelo F. Simon, Luisa Fernanda Casas, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Francisco Dallmeier, William Farfan-Rios, Hugo Mogollón, Adriana Prieto, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, Layon Oreste Demarchi, Maria Pires Martins, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, Edwin Pos, Rogério Gribel, Georgia Pickavance, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, Diego Correa, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Paul J. M. Maas, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, André Braga Junqueira, Ángela Cano, Pablo R. Stevenson, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Jon Lloyd, Cláudia Baider, Emilio Vilanova Torre, José Leonardo Lima Magalhães, Hernán Castellanos, Jérôme Chave, Nállarett Dávila, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Yuri Oliveira Feitosa, Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, Roel J. W. Brienen, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Miguel Alexiades, Juan Carlos Montero, Rodrigo Sierra, José Luís Camargo, Maíra da Rocha, Alberto Vicentini, Katia Regina Casula, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, José Lozada, Fernanda Carvalho, Percy Núñez Vargas, Tinde van Andel, John Terborgh, Charles E. Zartman, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa, Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui, Joice Ferreira, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Egleé L. Zent, Julien Engel, Kenneth J. Feeley, Casimiro Mendoza, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, Raquel Thomas, William Milliken, Daniel Praia Portela de Aguiar, Susan G. Laurance, Hans ter Steege, Juliana Stropp, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, David W. Galbraith, Kenneth R. Young, Marcos Silveira, Bernardo M. Flores, Florian Wittmann, Paulo Inácio Prado, Rafael L. Assis, Kyle G. Dexter, Mariana Victória Irume, Terry W. Henkel, Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, Timothy J. Killeen, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Freddie Draper, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Italo Mesones, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Henrik Balslev, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Alvaro Duque, Christopher Baraloto, Yadvinder Malhi, Michelle Kalamandeen, Vitor Hugo Freitas Gomes, Miles R. Silman, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, E. M. Jimenez, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, Rodolfo Vasquez, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Bruce Hoffman, Renato A. F. de Lima, Doug Daly, Dairon Cárdenas López, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Helder Lima de Queiroz, Gabriel Damasco, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza, Luiz de Souza Coelho, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Erika Berenguer, Milena Holmgren, Carlos A. Peres, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Renato R. Hilário, Janaina da Costa de Noronha, Jos Barlow, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa, Natalino Silva, Oliver L. Phillips, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, César I.A. Vela, Alfonso Alonso, J. Sebastián Tello, Ophelia Wang, José Ferreira Ramos, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jochen Schöngart, Juan Fernando Phillips, Stanford Zent, Bruno Garcia Luize, Aurora Levesley, Bianca Weiss Albuquerque, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Institute of Environmental Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Biodiversity, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Coordenac Bao de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Department of Biochemistry [Mainz], Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Genetic resources and biotechnology, Chercheur indépendant, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) (CNC), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC)-Neuroscience Research Domain, Sch Geog, University of Nottingham, Herbario Universitario PORT, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Laboratoire Interfaces Sensorielles (LIS), Département Intelligence Ambiante et Systèmes Interactifs (DIASI), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Integrative Biology, Department of Integrative Biology [Berkeley] (IB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, University of Edinburgh, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program [Madre de Dios], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, MRC 705, Box 37012, Washington, DC, VA 20013-7012, USA, Coordenacao Biodiversidade, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Embrapa Amapa, CREPAL - Centre de recherches sur les pays lusophones - EA 3421 (CREPAL), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Department of Botany, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Humboldt State University (HSU), New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Faculté de Pharmacie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Fundacion Puerto Rastrojo, Partenaires INRAE, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (EQUATEUR), Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research Foundation, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Hans ter Steege, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Paulo I. Prado, USP, Renato A. F. de Lima, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / USP, Edwin Pos, Utrecht University, Luiz de Souza Coelho, INPA, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, INPA, Rafael P. Salomão, UFRA / MPEG, Iêda Leão Amaral, INPA, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, INPA, CAROLINA VOLKMER DE CASTILHO, CPAF-RR, Oliver L. Phillips, University of Leeds, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Universidad de las Américas / The Field Museum, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, IEPA, Dairon Cárdenas López, Instituto SINCHI, William E. Magnusson, INPA, Florian Wittmann, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology / Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Maria Pires Martins, INPA, Daniel Sabatier, AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Mariana Victória Irume, INPA, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, IEPA, Jean-François Molino, AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Olaf S. Bánki, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, INPA, Nigel C. A. Pitman, The Field Museum, José Ferreira Ramos, INPA, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, UFRN, Bruno Garcia Luize, UNESP, Percy Núñez Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, University of Stirling, Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo, INPE, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, UFRO, John Terborgh, University of Florida / James Cook University, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, UFRO, Katia Regina Casula, UFRO, Euridice N. Honorio Coronado, IIAP / University of Leeds, Juan Carlos Montero, INPA / Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Alvaro Duque, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Flávia R. C. Costa, INPA, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Instituto SINCHI, Jochen Schöngart, INPA, Charles Eugene Zartman, INPA, Timothy J. Killeen, Agteca-Amazonica, Beatriz S. Marimon, UNEMAT, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, UNEMAT, Rodolfo Vasquez, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Layon O. Demarchi, INPA, Ted R. Feldpausch, University of Exeter, Julien Engel, Florida International University, Pascal Petronelli, Cirad UMR Ecofog, AgrosParisTech,CNRS,INRA,Univ Guyane, Chris Baraloto, Florida International University, Rafael L. Assis, University of Oslo, MARCELO FRAGOMENI SIMON, Cenargen, MARCELO BRILHANTE DE MEDEIROS, Cenargen, Adriano Quaresma, INPA, Susan G. W. Laurance, James Cook University, Lorena M. Rincó, INPA, Ana Andrade, INPA, Thaiane R. Sousa, INPA, José Luís Camargo, INPA, Juliana Schietti, INPA, William F. Laurance, James Cook University, Helder Lima de Queiroz, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento, INPA, Maria Aparecida Lopes, UFPA, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, FIOCRUZ, José Leonardo Lima Magalhães, UFPA / CPATU, Roel Brienen, University of Leeds, Gerardo A. Aymard C., UNELLEZ-Guanare, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, INPA, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, INPA, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, USP, Pablo R. Stevenson, Universidad de los Andes, Yuri Oliveira Feitosa, INPA, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, University of Amsterdam, Hugo F. Mogollón, Endangered Species Coalition, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Leandro Valle Ferreira, MPEG, José Rafael Lozada, Universidad de los Andes, James A. Comiskey, National Park Service / Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, José Julio de Toledo, UNIFAP, Gabriel Damasco, University of California, Nállarett Dávila, UNICAMP, Aline Lopes, UNB / INPA, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Cornell University / Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, Freddie Draper, Carnegie Institution for Science / Florida International University, Alberto Vicentini, INPA, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Jon Lloyd, Imperial College London, Vitor H. F. Gomes, CESUPA / UFPA, David Neill, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Alfonso Alonso, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Francisco Dallmeier, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, University of Leeds / INPA, Rogerio Gribel, INPA, Luzmila Arroyo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, UFMG / INPA, Daniel Praia Portela de Aguiar, INPA, Dário Dantas do Amaral, MPEG, Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, USP / INPA, Kenneth J. Feeley, University of Miami / Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Erika Berenguer, University of Oxford / Lancaster University, Paul V. A. Fine, University of California, MARCELINO CARNEIRO GUEDES, CPAF-AP, Jos Barlow, Lancaster University, JOICE NUNES FERREIRA, CPATU, Boris Villa, Direccíon de Evaluación Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Eliana M. Jimenez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Juan Carlos Montero, INPA, Carlos Cerón, Universidad Central, Ecuador, Raquel Thomas, Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development, Paul Maas, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Marcos Silveira, UFAC, Terry W. Henkel, Humboldt State University, Juliana Stropp, UFAL, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Kyle G. Dexter, University of Edinburgh / Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Doug Daly, New York Botanical Garden, Tim R. Baker, University of Leeds, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, William Milliken, Royal Botanic Gardens, Toby Pennington, University of Exeter / Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, J. Sebastián Tello, Missouri Botanical Garden, José Luis Marcelo Pena, Universidad Nacional de Jaén, Carlos A. Peres, University of East Anglia, Bente Klitgaard, Royal Botanic Gardens, Alfredo Fuentes, Missouri Botanical Garden / Universitario UMSA, Miles R. Silman, Wake Forest University, Anthony Di Fiore, University of Texas at Austin, Patricio von Hildebrand, Fundación Estación de Biología, Jerome Chave, CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier, Tinde R. van Andel, Wageningen University / Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Renato Richard Hilário, UNIFAP, Juan Fernando Phillips, Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Universidad San Francisco de Quito / University of Florida, Janaína Costa Noronha, UFMT, Adriana Prieto, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Therany Gonzales, ACEER Foundation, Rainiellene de Sá Carpanedo, UFMT, George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, IIAP, Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues, UFMT, Egleé L. Zent, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, ADEMIR ROBERTO RUSCHEL, CPATU, Vincent Antoine Vos, Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Émile Fonty, Direction régionale de la Guyane, ONF / AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, André Braga Junqueira, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Bruce Hoffman, Amazon Conservation Team, Stanford Zent, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, INPA, Yadvinder Malhi, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, INPA, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, INPA, Natalino Silva, UFRA, Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa, UFMT, César I. A. Vela, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Agustín Rudas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bianca Weiss Albuquerque, INPA, Maria Natalia Umaña, University of Michigan, Yrma Andreina Carrero Márquez, Universidad de los Andes, Geertje van der Heijden, University of Nottingham, University Park, Kenneth R. Young, University of Texas at Austin, Milton Tirado, GeoIS, Diego F. Correa, University of Queensland / Universidad de los Andes, Rodrigo Sierra, GeoIS, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa, COLABORADORA CPAF-AP, Maria Rocha, INPA, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Universidad de los Andes / University of Washington, Ophelia Wang, Northern Arizona University, Alexandre A. Oliveira, USP, Michelle Kalamandeen, University of Leeds / Laurentian University, Corine Vriesendorp, The Field Museum, Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Universidad de los Andes, Milena Holmgren, Wageningen University & Research, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, David Galbraith, University of Leeds, Bernardo Monteiro Flores, UNICAMP, Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller, UFAM, Angela Cano, Cambridge University Botanic Garden / Universidad de los Andes, Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui, Medio Ambiente, PLUSPRETOL, Italo Mesones, University of California, Cláudia Baider, USP / The Mauritius Herbarium, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Casimiro Mendoza, Universidad Mayor de San Simon / FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Roderick Zagt, Tropenbos International, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cid Ferreira, INPA, Daniel Villarroel, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, William Farfan-Rios, Missouri Botanical Garden / Washington University in Saint Louis, WILLIAM FARFAN-RIOS, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Luisa Fernanda Casas, Universidad de los Andes, Sasha Cárdenas, Universidad de los Andes, Henrik Balslev, Aarhus University, Armando Torres-Lezama, Universidad de los Andes, Miguel N. Alexiades, University of Kent, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Wake Forest University, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, University of Missouri / Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Lionel Hernandez, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, UFRO, Susamar Pansini, UFRO, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, UNEMAT, Daniela Pauletto, UFOPA, Aurora Levesley, University of Leeds, Karina Melgaço, University of Leeds, Georgia Pickavance, University of Leeds., University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, Ter Steege, Hans [0000-0002-8738-2659], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, ter Steege, Hans [0000-0002-8738-2659], Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Utrecht University, Petrópolis, s/n, C.P. 399, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Woodhouse Lane, Universidad de las Américas, The Field Museum, Km 10, Calle 20 No 5-44, Josefstr.1, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1, Université de Montpellier, Oxapampa, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Nro 733, University of Stirling, Jardim da Granja, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, University of Florida, James Cook University, Unir, Av. A. Quiñones km 2,5, Casilla 6204, Calle 64 x Cra 65, Agteca-Amazonica, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, University of Exeter, OE 243, AgrosParisTech,CNRS,INRA,Univ Guyane, Postboks 1172, Puerto Ordaz, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Adrianópolis, 4365 – Manguinhos, UNELLEZ-Guanare, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Sciencepark 904, Endangered Species Coalition, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Via Chorros de Milla, National Park Service, Suite 3123, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km2, University of California, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), University of Brasilia, Cornell University, Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCBC), Carnegie Institution for Science, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, South Kensington Campus, Centro Universitário do Pará, Km. 2 1/2 vía a Tena (Paso Lateral), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), University of Miami, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, University of Oxford, Av. Javier Praod Oeste 693, Km 7 via Muyuna, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Amazonia, Ap. Postal 17.01.2177, Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development, Universidade Federal do Acre, Humboldt State University, Tabuleiro do Martins, Jr. Independencia 405, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Bronx, Kew, Carretera Jaén San Ignacio Km 23, University of East Anglia, Richmond, Casilla 10077 Correo Central, Wake Forest University, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Cra 10 No. 24-76 Oficina 1201, UMR 5174 EDB, Wageningen University, Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Setor Industrial, Apartado 7945, Jirón Cusco N° 370, Ado 20632, Av. Ejercito, ONF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Doekhieweg Oost #24, Dyson Perrins Building, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Jirón San Martín 451, University of Michigan, CLA building, 3° Piso, The University of Queensland, Conjunto Forestal, University of Washington, Northern Arizona University, Laurentian University, building number 100, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Av General Rodrigo Octavio 6200, 1 Brookside, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS), Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Lawickse Allee 11 PO Box 232, Washington University in Saint Louis, Aarhus C, Canterbury, University of Missouri, Pevas 5ta cdra, Universidad Técnica del Norte, and Rua Vera Paz
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management ,Geography & travel ,Amazonian ,lcsh:Medicine ,Forests ,[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy ,01 natural sciences ,Trees ,Floresta Tropical ,Forest plot ,lcsh:Science ,ddc:910 ,SDG 15 - Life on Land ,averaging ,Multidisciplinary ,Amazon rainforest ,Estimator ,Biodiversity ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,Classification ,Biosystematiek ,Geography ,Flora ,Population Abundance ,631/158/853 ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Theoretical ecology ,Tree species ,Brazil ,Adult ,Ecologia Florestal ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,Amazonia ,Rivers ,Amazonian forest ,G1 ,Life Science ,Forest ,Community ecology ,Espécie ,Relative abundance distribution ,lcsh:R ,G Geography (General) ,DAS ,Árvore ,Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer ,631/158/2451 ,030104 developmental biology ,Biosystematics ,lcsh:Q ,Physical geography ,Species richness ,EPS ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:28:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, but the estimated species richness is very much debated. Here, we apply an ensemble of parametric estimators and a novel technique that includes conspecific spatial aggregation to an extended database of forest plots with up-to-date taxonomy. We show that the species abundance distribution of Amazonia is best approximated by a logseries with aggregated individuals, where aggregation increases with rarity. By averaging several methods to estimate total richness, we confirm that over 15,000 tree species are expected to occur in Amazonia. We also show that using ten times the number of plots would result in an increase to just ~50% of those 15,000 estimated species. To get a more complete sample of all tree species, rigorous field campaigns may be needed but the number of trees in Amazonia will remain an estimate for years to come. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517 Systems Ecology Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087 Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP Rua do Matão Trav. 14 no. 321 Cidade Universitária Ecology & Biodiversity Group Utrecht University, Padualaan 8 Coordenação de Biodiversidade Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Av. André Araújo 2936 Petrópolis Programa Professor Visitante Nacional Sênior na Amazônia - CAPES Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia Av. Perimetral s/n Coordenação de Botânica Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Av. Magalhães Barata 376 C.P. 399 EMBRAPA – Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima BR 174 km 8 – Distrito Industrial School of Geography University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad Medio Ambiente y Salud-BIOMAS Universidad de las Américas Campus Queri Keller Science Action Center The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá - IEPA Rodovia JK Km 10 Campus do IEPA da Fazendinha Herbario Amazónico Colombiano Instituto SINCHI Calle 20 No 5-44 Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Av. André Araújo 2936 Petrópolis Dep. of Wetland Ecology Institute of Geography and Geoecology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT Josefstr.1 Biogeochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Hahn-Meitner Weg 1 AMAP IRD Cirad CNRS INRA Université de Montpellier Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Av. André Araújo 2936 Petrópolis Science and Education The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Jardín Botánico de Missouri Oxapampa Centro de Biociências Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000 Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP – Instituto de Biociências – IB Av. 24 A 1515 Bela Vista Herbario Vargas Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Avenida de la Cultura Nro 733 Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Divisao de Sensoriamento Remoto – DSR Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – INPE Av. dos Astronautas 1758 Jardim da Granja Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte Universidade Federal de Rondônia Campus Porto Velho Km 9,5 bairro Rural Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Rondônia Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre Unir Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Av. A. Quiñones km 2,5 Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal Av. 6 de agosto #28 Km. 14 Doble via La Guardia Casilla 6204 Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Calle 64 x Cra 65 Agteca-Amazonica Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University 11200 SW 8th Street OE 243 Cirad UMR Ecofog AgrosParisTech,CNRS,INRA,Univ Guyane Campus agronomique Natural History Museum University of Oslo Postboks 1172 Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana Calle Chile urbaniz Chilemex Puerto Ordaz Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Parque Estação Biológica Av. W5 Norte Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Av. André Araújo 2936 Petrópolis Diretoria Técnico-Científica Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga 2584 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Pará Av. Augusto Corrêa 01 Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA) Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane Fiocruz Rua Terezina 476 Adrianópolis Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ Pav. Arthur Neiva – Térreo Av. Brasil 4365 – Manguinhos Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Pará Av. Augusto Corrêa 01 Embrapa Amazônia Oriental Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/n° Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar Herbario Universitario (PORT) UNELLEZ-Guanare Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Botanica Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP Rua do Matão 277 Cidade Universitária Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 # 18a- 10 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Botânica) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Av. André Araújo 2936 Petrópolis Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Sciencepark 904 Endangered Species Coalition, 8530 Geren Rd. Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489 Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal Universidad de los Andes Via Chorros de Milla Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane Center for Conservation and Sustainability Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW Suite 3123 Universidade Federal do Amapá Ciências Ambientais Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km2 Department of Integrative Biology University of California Biologia Vegetal Universidade Estadual de Campinas Caixa Postal 6109 Department of Ecology University of Brasilia Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University, Corson Hall, 215 Tower Road Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCBC) Department of Global Ecology Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama St. Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Silwood Park South Kensington Campus Escola de Negócios Tecnologia e Inovação Centro Universitário do Pará Universidade Federal do Pará Rua Augusto Corrêa 01 Ecosistemas Biodiversidad y Conservación de Especies Universidad Estatal Amazónica Km. 2 1/2 vía a Tena (Paso Lateral) Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Genética Ecologia e Evolução Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 Pampulha Department of Biology University of Miami Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Embrapa Amapá Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km 5 Direccíon de Evaluación Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre Av. Javier Praod Oeste 693 Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM Km 7 via Muyuna Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Fauna y Flora Silvestre Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Imani Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Amazonia Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes Universidad Central Ap. Postal 17.01.2177 Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development Museu Universitário/Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza/Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal Universidade Federal do Acre Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street Institute of Biological and Health Sciences Federal University of Alagoas Av. Lourival Melo Mota s/n Tabuleiro do Martins Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL Jr. Independencia 405 School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh, 201 Crew Building, King’s Buildings Tropical Diversity Section Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Blvd Bronx Natural Capital and Plant Health Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299 Universidad Nacional de Jaén Carretera Jaén San Ignacio Km 23 School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Department for Identification & Naming Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Richmond Herbario Nacional de Bolivia Universitario UMSA Casilla 10077 Correo Central Biology Department and Center for Energy Environment and Sustainability Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd Department of Anthropology University of Texas at Austin SAC 5.150 2201 Speedway Stop C3200 Fundación Estación de Biología Cra 10 No. 24-76 Oficina 1201 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier UMR 5174 EDB Biosystematics group Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1 Fundación Puerto Rastrojo Cra 10 No. 24-76 Oficina 1201 Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales-COCIBA & Galapagos Institute for the Arts and Sciences-GAIAS Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall ICNHS Federal University of Mato Grosso Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200 Setor Industrial Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Apartado 7945 ACEER Foundation Jirón Cusco N° 370 PROTERRA Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Av. A. Quiñones km 2,5 Laboratory of Human Ecology Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC Ado 20632 Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián Campus Universitario Final Av. Ejercito Direction régionale de la Guyane ONF Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Amazon Conservation Team Doekhieweg Oost #24 Environmental Change Institute Oxford University Centre for the Environment Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road Instituto de Ciência Agrárias Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501 Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Forestal Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Jirón San Martín 451 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan University of Nottingham Geography and the Environment University of Texas at Austin 305 E. 23rd Street CLA building GeoIS El Día 369 y El Telégrafo 3° Piso School of Agriculture and Food Sciences - ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions CEED The University of Queensland Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR) Universidad de los Andes Conjunto Forestal School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Environmental Science and Policy Northern Arizona University Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road Resource Ecology Group Wageningen University & Research Droevendaalsesteeg 3a Lumen building number 100 Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Av. Alberto Lamego 2000 University of Campinas Plant Biology Department Rua Monteiro Lobato 255 Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz Barão Geraldo Campinas Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas – ICB1 Av General Rodrigo Octavio 6200 Cambridge University Botanic Garden 1 Brookside Medio Ambiente PLUSPRETOL The Mauritius Herbarium Agricultural Services Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR) Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS) FOMABO Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia Tropenbos International Lawickse Allee 11 PO Box 232 Living Earth Collaborative Washington University in Saint Louis Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Building 1540 Ny Munkegade Aarhus C School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent Marlowe Building Canterbury Department of Biology University of Missouri Facultad de Biologia Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana Pevas 5ta cdra Herbario Nacional del Ecuador Universidad Técnica del Norte Instituto de Biodiversidade e Floresta Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Rua Vera Paz Campus Tapajós Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP – Instituto de Biociências – IB Av. 24 A 1515 Bela Vista
192. Tibouchina papyrus (Pohl) Toledo, 1952 (Melastomataceae): distribution extension to the northern part of Brazilian Cerrado
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Leandro Maracahipes, Eddie Lenza, Tassiana Reis Rodrigues dos Santos, José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Marcus Vinicius Cianciaruso, and Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
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Geography ,Ecology ,biology ,business.industry ,QH301-705.5 ,Melastomataceae ,Distribution (economics) ,Tibouchina papyrus ,Biology (General) ,biology.organism_classification ,business ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
New records of Tibouchina papyrus for Mato Grosso State extend its distribution in the northern part of the Brazilian Savanna, contributing to the conservation of this species and the areas in which it occur.
193. Tree height integrated into pantropical forest biomass estimates
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Iêda Leão do Amaral, Sylvester Tan, Marcos Silveira, R. Vásquez, A. Monteagudo Mendoza, Yadvinder Malhi, Jon C. Lovett, Gloria Djagbletey, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Jan Reitsma, Yoshiko Iida, Natalino Silva, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, Edward T. A. Mitchard, Casimiro Mendoza, Maria Aparecida Freitas, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Philip M. Fearnside, E. M. Jimenez, Hermann Taedoumg, Bonaventure Sonké, Simon L. Lewis, Samuel Almeida, Esteban Álvarez, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Fredy Ramírez, Olaf Bánki, Nicholas J. Berry, M. C. Peñuela, Agustín Rudas, Ana Andrade, William F. Laurance, Bruce Walker Nelson, Lee J. T. White, Tomas F. Domingues, Gustavo Saiz, Emilio Vilanova, Andrew R. Marshall, A. A. R. de Oliveira, Adriana Prieto, John Terborgh, A. Araujo Murakami, Timothy R. Baker, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Lindsay F. Banin, Daniel J. Metcalfe, Carlos A. Quesada, Alexander Parada, Nallarett Davila Cardozo, Mabiane Batista França, Abdul Rahman Kassim, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, A. Peña Cruz, G. Lopez-Gonzalez, Luzmila Arroyo, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, K. Abu Salim, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Oliver L. Phillips, H. ter Steege, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Miguel Alexiades, Ted R. Feldpausch, Juliana Stropp, Terry L. Erwin, Simon Willcock, Manuel Gloor, Reuben Nilus, Hannsjorg Woell, Eddie Lenza, Mireia Torello-Raventos, G. M. F. van der Heijden, Niro Higuchi, Euler Melo Nogueira, Timothy J. Killeen, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, A. Di Fiore, Jon Lloyd, Jérôme Chave, Michael P. Schwarz, and Kelvin S.-H. Peh
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,WOOD DENSITY ,Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,lcsh:Life ,AMAZONIAN FORESTS ,01 natural sciences ,Aboveground Biomass ,land-use change ,amazonian forests ,allometric equations ,Guyana Shield ,secondary forests ,Forest and Landscape Ecology ,Silvicultura ,Deforestation ,SECONDARY FORESTS ,Hectare ,Biomass (ecology) ,Ecology ,Ecological Modeling ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,LAND-USE CHANGE ,wood density ,tropical rain-forest ,carbon stocks ,Estimation Method ,NEOTROPICAL FOREST ,Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,Error Analysis ,CARBON STOCKS ,Uncertainty Analysis ,Tree ,Carbon Sequestration ,TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST ,Tree allometry ,Pantropical ,ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS ,010603 evolutionary biology ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION ,ABOVEGROUND LIVE BIOMASS ,Tropical Forest ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Vegetatie ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Sin determinar ,Allometry ,aboveground live biomass ,Forest Ecosystem ,Vegetation ,Height ,neotropical forest ,Brasil ,Tropics ,Primary production ,net primary production ,Forestry ,15. Life on land ,lcsh:Geology ,lcsh:QH501-531 ,Medio Ambiente ,Brazilian Shield ,13. Climate action ,Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology ,lcsh:Ecology - Abstract
Aboveground tropical tree biomass and carbon storage estimates commonly ignore tree height (H). We estimate the effect of incorporating H on tropics-wide forest biomass estimates in 327 plots across four continents using 42 656 H and diameter measurements and harvested trees from 20 sites to answer the following questions: 1. What is the best H-model form and geographic unit to include in biomass models to minimise site-level uncertainty in estimates of destructive biomass? 2. To what extent does including H estimates derived in (1) reduce uncertainty in biomass estimates across all 327 plots? 3. What effect does accounting for H have on plot- and continental-scale forest biomass estimates? The mean relative error in biomass estimates of destructively harvested trees when including H (mean 0.06), was half that when excluding H (mean 0.13). Power- and Weibull-H models provided the greatest reduction in uncertainty, with regional Weibull-H models preferred because they reduce uncertainty in smaller-diameter classes (≤40 cm D) that store about one-third of biomass per hectare in most forests. Propagating the relationships from destructively harvested tree biomass to each of the 327 plots from across the tropics shows that including H reduces errors from 41.8 Mg ha−1 (range 6.6 to 112.4) to 8.0 Mg ha−1 (−2.5 to 23.0). For all plots, aboveground live biomass was −52.2 Mg ha−1 (−82.0 to −20.3 bootstrapped 95% CI), or 13%, lower when including H estimates, with the greatest relative reductions in estimated biomass in forests of the Brazilian Shield, east Africa, and Australia, and relatively little change in the Guiana Shield, central Africa and southeast Asia. Appreciably different stand structure was observed among regions across the tropical continents, with some storing significantly more biomass in small diameter stems, which affects selection of the best height models to reduce uncertainty and biomass reductions due to H. After accounting for variation in H, total biomass per hectare is greatest in Australia, the Guiana Shield, Asia, central and east Africa, and lowest in east-central Amazonia, W. Africa, W. Amazonia, and the Brazilian Shield (descending order). Thus, if tropical forests span 1668 million km2 and store 285 Pg C (estimate including H), then applying our regional relationships implies that carbon storage is overestimated by 35 Pg C (31–39 bootstrapped 95% CI) if H is ignored, assuming that the sampled plots are an unbiased statistical representation of all tropical forest in terms of biomass and height factors. Our results show that tree H is an important allometric factor that needs to be included in future forest biomass estimates to reduce error in estimates of tropical carbon stocks and emissions due to deforestation.
194. Forest vegetation responses to different burning frequencies and intensities in southeastern Amazon Basin
- Author
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Roberta Thays dos Santos Cury, José Marcelo Domingues Torezan ., Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Efraim Rodrigues, and Halley Caixeta de Oliveira
- Abstract
O desmatamento, a fragmentação florestal e as mudanças no clima têm chamado a atenção pelos seus efeitos na intensificação das secas e nos regimes de incêndios nas florestas tropicais, alterando a diversidade nos fragmentos remanescentes. Este estudo traz informações sobre algumas das respostas da vegetação a diferentes frequências e intensidades de incêndios no sudeste da Bacia Amazônica. No capítulo 1, analisamos o efeito da variação de combustível (serapilheira) na mortalidade de indivíduos lenhosos, nos danos, na área queimada e na regeneração pós-fogo. Observamos que o aumento de 50% no combustível elevou a mortalidade espécies de lenhosas em 14% (indivíduos entre 1-5 cm de DAP), os danos em 21% (indivíduos ≥ 5 cm DAP) e a área queimada em 33%. No capítulo 2, investigamos os efeitos de incêndios anuais (repetidos seis vezes; tratamento B6) e trienais (repetidos três vezes; tratamento B3) na diversidade de espécies regenerantes em comparação com o controle, não queimado (B0). A riqueza de espécies florestais da Amazônia, florestais coocorrentes no Bioma de Cerrado, espécies de hábito arbóreo-arbustivo e lianas foi reduzida na mesma proporção em ambos os tratamentos. Pyrostegia venusta foi a liana mais abundante em ambos os tratamentos, com ~42% dos indivíduos. Myrcia multiflora e Mabea fistulifera foram as arbóreas mais abundantes em B3. Todas as espécies arbóreas tardias na sucessão foram excluídas de B6. O número de espécies foi menor em B6 devido à redução do rebrotamento. Em contrapartida, o potencial de invasão da gramínea Aristida longifolia foi aumentado em B6. No capítulo 3, discutimos como os incêndios anuais e trienais alteram as fontes de sementes, plântulas e rebrotas; como estes são afetados pela borda florestal, e se as plântulas e as rebrotas persistem nos primeiros anos após os incêndios. Houve redução na chuva de sementes (-36%) e no banco de sementes (-56%) em B3 em comparação com B6. As sementes também foram reduzidas nas bordas. As plântulas foram afetadas em ambos os tratamentos (2,4% de recrutamento no controle, contra 0,6% em B3 e 0,7 em B6) e ao longo da borda. As rebrotas aumentaram no primeiro ano pós-fogo, principalmente em B3 (+5,5 rebrotas), mas declinaram nos anos subsequentes. Concluímos que deve haver maior investimento público no combate aos incêndios na floresta de transição Amazônia-Cerrado, a qual não está adaptada a incêndios recorrentes e intensos, uma vez que as principais vias de regeneração são negativamente afetadas. Deforestation, forest fragmentation and climate change have drawn attention to their effects on the drought intensification and changing fire regimes in tropical forests, reducing the diversity of remaining forest fragments. The current study assesses the vegetation responses to different burn frequencies and intensities in southeastern Amazon Basin. In chapter 1, we analyzed the effects of variation in fine fuel load (litter) on woody plant damages and mortality, burned area and post-fire regeneration. We showed that an addition of 50% more fine fuel increased in 14% the woody plant mortality (individuals within 1-5 cm DBH range), and increased in 21% the number of damaged boles (individuals ≥ 5 cm in DBH), after an increase in 33% in burned area. In chapter 2, we investigated the effects of annual burns (burned six times; B6 treatment) and triennial burns (burned three times; B6 treatment) on regeneration species diversity, comparing with a control (not burned, B0). Tree, shrub and liana species both exclusive from Amazon forests and forest-Cerrado co-occurring species were reduced at the same proportion in both treatments. Pyrostegia venusta was the liana species more abundant in both burned treatments (~42% of all individuals). Myrcia multiflora and Mabea fistulifera, both early succession tree species, were the most abundant species in B3. All late-succession tree species were excluded of B6. This treatment also showed a reduced number of woody species resprouts and an increase in abundance of Aristida longifolia, a dominant invasive grass. In chapter 3, we discussed how B3 and B6 treatments alter the seed sources (seed rain and seed bank), recruits (seedling and saplings) and resprouts and how the forest edge influence each treatment; and also whether the recruits and resprouts were persisting after fires. Our findings showed a reduced number of seeds in the litterfall traps (-36%) and in the soil seed bank (-56%) in B3 compared with B6. Seeds were also reduced at the forest edge. Recruits were altered in both burned treatments (2.4% of seeds recruited in control site versus 0.6% in B3 and 0.7 in B6) and along the forest edge. We found that B3 was linked with a 5.5-fold increase in resprouts, however, they declined across the three years post-fire. We concluded that public investments are needed to inhibit wildfires in Amazonia-Cerrado transition forest, which are not adapted to recurrent and intense fires, since the main regeneration pathways were negatively affected.
- Published
- 2016
195. Carvão pirogênico como condicionante substrato de mudas de Tachigali vulgaris L.G. Silva & H.C. Lima
- Author
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SOUCHIE, F. F., MARIMON JUNIOR, B. H., PETTER, F. A., MADARI, B. E., MARIMON, B. S., LENZA, E., FABIANE FURLANETO SOUCHIE, UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, BEN HUR MARIMON JUNIOR, UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, FABIANO ANDRÉ PETTER, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PIAUÍ, BEATA EMOKE MADARI, CNPAF, BEATRIZ SCHWANTES MARIMON, UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, and EDDIE LENZA, UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO.
- Subjects
Tachigali vulgaris ,Cerrado ,biochar ,Código florestal ,Porcentagem de emergência ,Altura ,Massa seca ,Carvão - Abstract
Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a eficiência de carvão vegetal pirogênico como condicionante de substrato para o desenvolvimento de mudas florestais de alto vigor, testando-se o carvoeiro (Tachigali vulgaris) como espécie representativa do Bioma Cerrado. Foram tomados como modelo de produtividade os solos de elevada capacidade de troca catiônica com Horizonte A antrópico da Amazônia (Terras Pretas de Índio), ricos em carbono pirogênico derivado de carvão vegetal. O experimento foi realizado no viveiro da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, no município de Nova Xavantina-MT. Foram utilizadas quatro concentrações de carvão de eucalipto (Eucalyptus sp.) com 5; 12,5; 25 e 50% do volume total do substrato base e 0% como testemunha. Foi avaliada a porcentagem de emergência no início do experimento. Durante oito meses, a cada 30 dias, foi contado o número de folhas e medida a altura total das mudas. No oitavo mês foi medido o diâmetro do coleto e determinada à massa seca da raiz e da parte aérea. Os tratamentos e a testemunha apresentaram emergência superior a 80%, não havendo influência do carvão. Entretanto, o carvão vegetal incrementou significativamente a altura das mudas, o número de folhas, o diâmetro do coleto e a massa seca radicular e da parte aérea, o que ficou evidenciado pela forte correlação positiva com as concentrações de carvão. Portanto, o carvão vegetal pirogênico é uma alternativa viável como condicionante de origem biológica do substrato para a produção de mudas potencialmente mais resistentes, requerimento importante para plantios em campo sob condições mais severas, como na recuperação de áreas degradadas no Bioma Cerrado.
- Published
- 2011
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