Search

The first description of entire, uniform isotopic labeling of a eukaryotic cytochrome c, iso-1-cytochrome c from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, is presented. Heteronuclear NMR methods could be used to assign resonances, measure amide hydrogen exchange rates and calculate relaxation parameters, due to sufficient quantities of super15N-labeled protein.

Purpose: This study qualitatively examined the attitudes and perceived barriers to exercise of women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We also explored the level of exercise that might be considered helpful or harmful, and whether walking would be an acceptable type of exercise.Method: Eight women with RA were interviewed via telephone using a semi-structured approach. Transcripts were coded for themes using the General Inductive Approach. These themes were used to develop a theoretical model of the effect of barriers and facilitators to exercise for women with RA.Results: Two themes emerged (social connectionsandfear).Social connectionscould facilitate participation in exercise or prove to be a barrier.Fearhad three distinct sub-themes:fear of the unknown(including a safe level of exercise),fear of the knownandfear for safety. For most participants, walking 3–4 times a week was thought to be an acceptable programme for themselves or others with RA.Conclusion: Among those interviewed, walking was considered an acceptable form of exercise for people with RA. Many of the barriers to exercise identified by participants could be alleviated by detailed instructions on the type and duration of exercise recommended. These findings inform the development of walking interventions.Implications for RehabilitationPeople with RA and various other chronic illnesses have previously been found to request more specific guidance for incorporating physical activity into their treatment.There was a willingness to participate in physical activity among our participants with RA.Activities such as walking appear to be feasible for people with RA but fears and social support can be barriers.Rehabilitation professionals are ideally placed to help people with RA overcome fears and social support barriers: providing encouragement to participate with others is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background A range of interventions have been developed to treat stuttering in recent years. The effectiveness of these interventions has largely been assessed in studies focusing on the impact of specific types of therapy on patient outcomes. Relatively little is known about the factors that influence how the delivery and impact of different types of intervention may be experienced from the perspective of both people who deliver as well as those who receive interventions. Aims To synthesize the available evidence in relation to factors that might enhance or mitigate against successful outcomes following interventions for stuttering by identifying and synthesizing relevant qualitative research that explored the experiences of people delivering and receiving interventions that aim to improve fluency. Methods & Procedures We carried out a systematic review including research that had used in-depth interviews and focus groups and conducted a substantive qualitative analysis of the data collected. Included study populations were either adults or children affected by a diagnosed stutter and/or providers of therapy for stuttering. An iterative approach was used to search for published qualitative evidence in relevant databases from 1990 to 2014. Retrieved citations were sifted for relevance and the data from articles that met the inclusion criteria were extracted. Each included paper was assessed for quality and a thematic analysis and synthesis of findings was carried out. Main Contribution Synthesized qualitative evidence highlights the changing experiences for people who stutter both historically and, for individuals, over the life course. Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of interventions for stuttering are encountered at the individual, intervention, interpersonal and social levels. Interventions may be particularly pertinent at certain transition points in the life course. Attention to emotional as well as practical aspects of stuttering is valued by people receiving therapy. The client-therapist relationship and support from others are also key factors in achieving successful outcomes. Conclusions & Implications A synthesis of qualitative findings from published papers has added to the effectiveness data reported in an accompanying paper in understanding how stuttering impacts on people across the life course. Evidence suggests that a client-centred and individually tailored approach enhances the likelihood of successful intervention outcomes through attention to emotional, situational and practical needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents two art lessons that use picture books to encourage students to write more description, better word choice, and more variety. Topics discussed include artist Heather Galler as the inspiration for the students' artwork, the picture book "In November" written by Cynthia Ryland and illustrated by Jill Kastner, and the students' exploration of the artwork of artist Claire West.

A study was conducted to analyze hydrogen-deuterium exchange rates of backbone amide hydrogens in oxidized and reduced (U-15N)iso-1-cytochrome c from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was utilized to carry out the study. Results indicated that isotopic labeling of variant forms of cytochrome c can be utilized to address concerns about the structure and folding of the protein.

A study was conducted to analyze a protocol for complete isotopic labeling of iso-1-cytochrome c determined from the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. the Bruker Avance DRX 500 spectrometer was utilized to carry out nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Results indicated that lower order parameters in the oxidized state were scattered throughout the protein. Findings also showed that the positions o buried waters were dependent on the oxidation state.

The article discusses a study that explained the carer and health professional experiences of end-of-life care of motor neurone diseased patients. The study was performed on patients with motor neurone disease, who used using non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Evidence showed that NIV accelerates quality and quantity of life in patients with motor neurone disease. Further, it concludes that NIV is beneficial for the carer and health professionals regarding usage towards the end of life.

This study aimed to examine the experiences of patients with motor neuron disease and their carers following the recommendation to use non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Qualitative interviews were carried out with 20 patients and 17 carers within one month of NIV being initiated. The study identified a range of potential barriers to usage including: adverse impressions of the technology; sleep disturbance; the sensation of pressure and pulsing; dry mouth; and mask design issues. Patients/carers perceived benefits related to: increased energy; improved sleeping; enhanced carer well-being; improved breathing and increased speech clarity. A key factor described by patients and carers was the need to persevere to overcome the challenges associated with early NIV use. The study highlights the importance of patient perceptions of gains as a factor in their NIV usage decisions. While recognizing that older individuals with limb-onset disease were over-represented in the sample, key recommendations from the study are: availability of easily accessible in-person support for patients; for clinicians to pre-empt potential obstacles by discussing options such as humidification or alternative mask interfaces; the importance of discussing potential benefits in detail with patients; and optimization of secretion management prior to NIV trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty is positively associated with poor health; thus, some healthcare commissioners in the UK have pioneered the introduction of advice services in health service locations. Previous systematic reviews have found little direct evidence for a causal relationship between the provision of advice and physical health and limited evidence for mental health improvement. This paper reports a study using a broader range of types of research evidence to construct a conceptual (logic) model of the wider evidence underpinning potential (rather than only proven) causal pathways between the provision of advice services and improvements in health. Data and discussion from 87 documents were used to construct a model describing interventions, primary outcomes, secondary and tertiary outcomes following advice interventions. The model portrays complex causal pathways between the intervention and various health outcomes; it also indicates the level of evidence for each pathway. It can be used to inform the development of research designed to evaluate the pathways between interventions and health outcomes, which will determine the impact on health outcomes and may explain inconsistencies in previous research findings. It may also be useful to commissioners and practitioners in making decisions regarding development and commissioning of advice services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic review and narrative synthesis to determine the effectiveness of contraception service interventions for young people delivered in health care premises was undertaken. We searched 12 key health and medical databases, reference lists of included papers and systematic reviews and cited reference searches on included articles. All retrieved literature was screened at title and abstract levels, and relevant articles were taken through to full paper appraisal. Data relating to study design, outcomes and quality were extracted by one reviewer and independently checked by a second reviewer. We included interventions that consisted of contraceptive service provision for young people, and also interventions to encourage young people to use existing contraceptive services. The searches identified 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The papers focused on: new adolescent services, outreach to existing services, advanced provision of emergency contraception, condom/contraceptive provision and advice and repeat pregnancy prevention. The literature in general is not well developed in terms of good quality effectiveness studies and key outcome measures. However, it is possible to make recommendations in terms of outreach versus targeted young people’s services in health care settings, advanced provision of emergency contraception and long-acting reversible contraception to prevent repeat adolescent pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Over the past decade qualitative evidence synthesis (QES), a range of methods for synthesising qualitative research evidence, has become a valued form of evidence for guideline producers who wish to understand more about patient preference and acceptability of treatments. The surge in interest in living systematic reviews and the appearance of living guidelines as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic potentially weaken the value and usability of QES. There are currently no published methods for producing living QES, and if QES are to remain of worth to guideline producers then methods for the rapid, frequent updating of them will need to be developed. We discuss some of the similarities and differences between qualitative and quantitative evidence syntheses and highlight areas where development is needed if reviewers are to progress with living approaches to QES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]