Search

Objective: To ascertain the growth and endocrinal disturbances associated with Pediatric Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH).Methods: Retrospective analysis of hospital records of subjects with LCH, aged 1 mo to 18 y was performed. The diagnosis of LCH was made as per Histiocyte Society criteria. Subjects were classified as group A: multifocal bone disease; B: soft tissue involvement without organ dysfunction; and C: organ dysfunction and treated as per DAL-HX-83 protocol of the Histiocyte Society LCH treatment guidelines. Paired t-test was used to compare the baseline and follow-up data.Results: Total 62 records (group A- 18, B-32 and C-12) were identified with median follow-up of 5.3 ± 3.3 y. Growth failure [measured as weight/ height Standard deviation score (SDS) ≤-2] was the commonest disorder seen in 27 (44 %) subjects. Central Diabetes Insipidus (DI) was seen in 12 (19 %) subjects. Subjects with group C of LCH had poorer weight and height at baseline and follow-up than subjects with group A or B. Height SDS were lower in subjects with concomitant DI than those without DI at baseline (-2.35 ± 1.9 and -1.69 ± 1.4; P 0.18). Subjects with DI did not show significant catch-up in their height (P 0.12) unlike those without DI who showed a catch-up in height (P 0.03) on follow-up.Conclusions: Growth monitoring and screening for DI should be essential part of follow-up in all subjects with LCH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the morphological, anatomical and palynological characteristics of Hippeastrum cultivars. Hippeastrum is a bulbous ornamental plant belonging to family Amaryllidaceae and is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. The species is also classified into five categories. In the study, the colour of the flowers of different cultivars of Hippeastrum were compared with the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart in daylight.

The article describes Narcissus, a bulbous species included to the Amaryllidaceae plant genus. The name of the plant was derived from a Greek word that means numbness or stupor and was named after the legendary Greek youth Narcissus. It also features several varieties of the plant genus, including Jonquils, Daffodils, and Paper Whites. The cultivation and intercultural practices for the species are explained, such as soil and site selection, planting bulbs, and post-flowering care.

Twenty-three patients randomized to the trastuzumab group did not receive planned therapy, while only 4 patients did not receive therapy in the T-DM1 group. Randomized phase II trial of the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab combined with docetaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer administered as first-line treatment: The M77001 study group. A total of 1486 patients with HER 2positive early breast cancer, who had residual invasive disease postneoadjuvant therapy, were included in the study. [Extracted from the article]

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 20%–25% of breast cancer cases. Around 10%–15% of patients with breast cancer present with upfront metastasis. Lymph node, bone, and liver are common sites of metastasis in hormone-positive breast cancer while brain, lungs, and liver in TNBC. Although visceral metastasis is common in TNBC, metastasis to stomach is unusual. Morphological similarity of primary gastric carcinoma and lobular invasive breast carcinoma often leads to misdiagnosis. Meticulous review of histopathology and immunohistochemistry is essential for diagnosis. We present a case of carcinoma breast with unusual gastric nodular metastasis detected on18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting men globally, with a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). With the recent therapeutic advancements and improvements in survival, there is a need to understand the determinants of HRQOL in metastatic prostate cancer patients to optimize treatment strategies for quality of life as the number of survivors increases. The aim of this study was to identify clinical variables that affect HRQOL and its domains in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study in patients diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer at a tertiary cancer center in India. Baseline clinical features, treatment details, and completed Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Prostate (FACT-P), composed of FACT-general (FACT-G) and prostate cancer-specific concerns subscale (PCS) and FACT-P Trial Outcome Index (FACT-P TOI) questionnaires, were collected. The mean total, as well as individual domain scores, were calculated. Additionally, these were stratified by the current treatment being received by patients. Linear regression was used to identify independent factors affecting HRQOL in these patients. Results: Of the 106 enrolled patients, 84 completed the FACT-P questionnaire and were included in the analysis. The median age was 66 years, and at the time of assessment, 3 patients (3.6%) were receiving androgen deprivation therapy only, 53 patients (63.1%) were on ADT + androgen receptor-targeted agents (ARTAs), and 18 patients (21.4%) patients received ADT + chemotherapy. The mean (±standard deviation) of the FACT-P TOI score was 70.33 (±15.16); the PCS subscale was the most affected, followed by functional well-being. Patients on chemotherapy scored significantly higher on PCS, but the composite scores were not significantly different. Univariable regression identified obesity (body mass index > 25 kg/m2) and duration of first-line treatment as significant predictors of better HRQOL; however, obesity was the only independent predictor in multivariable analysis (β = 8.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 15.0; p = 0.022). Obesity also independently predicted a better FACT-P and its physical well-being domain score and PCS. Conclusion: Prostate cancer patients experience impaired QoL, especially in the prostate cancer-specific and functional well-being domains. Lower BMI is an independent predictor of poor QoL, and this requires efforts to assess the impact of strategies to manage the nutritional status of patients with metastatic disease on QoL outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer (BC) has emerged as the most common malignancy among females. The genomic profile of BC is diverse in nature and complex due to heterogeneity among various geographically different ethnic groups. The primary objective of this study was to carry out a comprehensive mutational analysis of Indian BC cases by performing whole exome sequencing. The cohort included patients with a median age of 48 years. TTN, TP53, MUC16, SYNE1, and OBSCN were the frequently altered genes found in our cohort. The PIK3CA and KLC3 genes are driver genes implicated in various cellular functions and cargo transportation through microtubules, respectively. Except for CCDC168 and PIK3CA, several gene pairings were found to be significantly linked with co-occurrence. Irrespective of their hormonal receptor status, RTK/RAS was observed with frequently altered signaling pathways. Further analysis of the mutational signature revealed that SBS13, SBS6, and SBS29 were mainly observed in our cohort. This study supplements the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers and provides new therapeutic options for the improved management of BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on adjuvant chemotherapy has been the standard of care for patients with early breast cancer (EBC) based on the studies of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project. Topics include the most EBC patients has especially those who being hormone-positive and lymph node-negative, the histological features may not be enough to make decisions regarding adjuvant therapy, and the recurrence score in 2004 in their landmark paper called Oncotype DX based on genes.