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The article inform the Australian Association of Gerontology (AAG) launched a report "a fair future for older women who experience sexual abuse – what needs to be done". Topic include the World Health Organisation (WHO) defines elder abuse as "a single, or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person".

The bastides of Languedoc form a significant sector of medieval urban history, yet their descriptions are often clouded by conflicting opinions and anachronistic views. This article aims to clarify some of the confusion about the word “bastide” through an etymological study and examination of charters in which the word was first used to designate new towns. The economic and political contexts preceding the bastide foundations are equally important. The bastides did not appear in southwestern France as an ex novo phenomenon ; rather, they followed on the heels of experiments in residential development and in a monetary economy that had been ongoing for two centuries by the counts of Toulouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored sexual satisfaction in older heterosexual Australians using data from a national sample of 1,583 men and women aged 60+ who hoped or planned to have sex in the future. Data collection took place in 2015; participants were recruited using a variety of online and offline advertisements. Less than half the sample (46%) reported they were very or extremely satisfied with their sexual lives. Those who had sex more often and were more interested in sex were more likely to be satisfied, while those who wanted sex more often in the future were less likely to be satisfied, as were men who had experienced sexual difficulties. Sexual satisfaction was also associated with life satisfaction in men and positive mental health in women. Factors associated with satisfaction in this study will help guide strategies to support older people in realizing the sexual lives they desire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of adolescent mental health disorders is on the rise. Epidemiological studies suggest that poor nutrition is a significant contributor to this public health crisis, specifically through exposure to high level of dietary sugar, including fructose, during critical periods of development. Previous studies have shown that elevated fructose exposure during adolescence disrupts mental health. Despite these data, it is currently unknown how fructose exposure, specifically during infancy, may impact adolescent mental health. We developed a rat experimental protocol to investigate the effects of fructose exposure during infancy on behavioral, cognitive and metabolic endpoints in adolescence. We found that exposing rats to high fructose from birth to weaning resulted in higher circulating glucose, insulin and leptin levels in adolescence. High fructose during infancy also increased bodyweight, disrupted metabolic homeostasis in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) as indicated by decreased activity of the cellular energy sensor AMPK, and impaired attention and impulsivity in a male-specific manner. This impaired attention observed in adolescent male rats following neonatal fructose exposure was partially rescued by viral-mediated, in vivo expression of a constitutively active form of AMPK in principal neurons of the BLA. Our results suggest that exposure to high level of fructose during infancy may impact adolescent mental health in a male-specific manner and that manipulation of AMPK activity may mitigate this impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The focus on translational research in clinical trials has the potential to generate clinically relevant genetic data that could have importance to patients. This raises challenging questions about communicating relevant genetic research results to individual patients. Methods: An exploratory pharmacogenetic analysis was conducted in the international ovarian cancer phase III trial, AGO-OVAR 16, which found that patients with clinically important germ-line BRCA1/2 mutations had improved progression-free survival prognosis. Mechanisms to communicate BRCA results were evaluated, because these findings may be beneficial to patients and their families. Results: Communicating individual BRCA results was not anticipated during clinical trial design. Consequently, options were not available for patients to indicate their preference for receiving their individual results when they signed pharmacogenetic informed consent. Differences in local requirements, clinical practice, and opinion regarding the ethical aspects of how to convey genetic results to patients are all potential barriers to returning individual BRCA results to patients. Communicating the aggregate BRCA result from this study provided clinical investigators with a mechanism to disseminate the overall study finding to patients while taking individual circumstances, local guidelines and clinical practice into account. Conclusion: This study illustrates the importance of increasing the clarity and scope of informed consent and the need for patient engagement to ensure clinical trial participants can indicate their preference regarding receipt of potentially important individual pharmacogenetic results. Trial registration: This study was registered in the NCT Clinical Trial Registry under NCT00866697 on March 19, 2009, following approval from participating ethics committees (Additional file 1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Men in the gay liberation generation are approaching or entering older age. Being at the forefront of gay rights movements since the 1970s and 1980s, this generation has experienced dramatic changes in gay life. The present study aimed to provide a greater understanding of this generation by examining some of the ways these men perceive their changing lives. Participants included 439 Australian gay-identified men aged 50 years and older who completed an online survey of their health and wellbeing. These men gave unrestricted open-ended responses to a question on how life had changed for them as a gay man since being aged in their twenties. Responses were analysed qualitatively using a thematic analysis approach to identify main themes. Participants expressed many positive changes to their lives, including greater public- and self-acceptance of their sexuality, greater confidence and self-esteem, and more freedom for same-sex relationships. However, some men expressed a loss of gay community compared to their younger years and a perception that the younger generation under-appreciated the struggles they had endured. Age- and HIV-related stigma from within the gay community, as well as a loss of sexual attractiveness, also emerged as concerns for some participants. These findings may assist researchers, health professionals and aged care services to further understand the needs and experiences of this older generation of gay men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents data from a small study exploring the impacts of homophobia on the lives of older lesbian and gay Australians. Eleven in-depth interviews were conducted with older lesbians (6) and gay men (5) ranging in age from 65 to 79 years. The study found that participants’ sense of self was shaped by the dominant medical, legal and religious institutions of their youth that defined them as sick, immoral or criminal. Participants described enforced “cure” therapies, being imprisoned, having employment terminated and being disowned and disinherited by family. In this context, intimate relationships and social networks provided refuge where trust was rebuilt and sexuality affirmed. Many created safe spaces for themselves. This equilibrium was threatened with increasing age, disability and the reliance on health and social services. Participants feared a return to institutional control and a need to “straighten up” or hide their sexuality. In response, partners stepped into the role of caregiver, at times beyond their capacity and at a cost to their relationship. The study describes the importance of understanding social connections in the lives of older lesbians and gay men. It highlights the need for inclusive services to ensure that social networks are supported and that health and well-being are promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Non-traumatic shoulder instability is frequently associated with chronic disabling pain, altered patterns of motion, dysfunctional muscle strategies and hyperlaxity. Identifying the relationship between potential aetiologies can be challenging. An expanded assessment may be useful to estimate the contribution of each component and offer a framework for targeted rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architecture often stands in its own sculptural right, but how much richer we are to explore its genesis! The emperor Hadrian, ruling a kingdom much like our United States in its cultural diversity and strength of influence, realized a design of marvelous paradox in his Villa at Tivoli. This paper seeks to knit together the formal elements of the villa with the human sensibilities of Hadrian by presenting notes from several seminal works, including Mémoires d'Hadrien by Marguerite Yourcenar (Librarie Plon, 1958), and Hadrian's Villa and Its Legacy by William L. MacDonald and John A. Pinto (Yale University Press, 1995). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attempts to localize specific brain structural changes and related associated behavior in dementia of the elderly have been plagued with theoretical and methodological controversy. There is much confusion involved in differentiating normal aging processes, healthy aging, and pathological aging. There also appears to be a loss of autonomy between physical and psychological functions in the elderly. Thus structural and functional changes noted in the elderly cannot be linked with certainty to any known or yet to be discovered normal and/or pathological processes. Researchers using the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological test battery are optimistic that the instrument may be useful in delineating normal from abnormal brain structures and related neuropsychological functions in the elderly. The battery also furnishes clinicians with opportunities to establish baseline behaviors, make decisions based on quantifiable data, and evaluate the efficacy of their treatments. Therapists of various disciplines, social scientists and other are encouraged to integrate their discipline specific knowledge bases with neuropsychological findings. This might lead to inter and intra disciplinary solutions to problems shared in common and/or unique to each discipline. The LNNB is discussed in detail with common findings in dementia indicated and implications for therapy, education and research presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]