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Sürdürülebilir kalkınma ancak hem ekonomik gelişmelerin sağlanması hem de insani ihtiyaçların tamamını karşılayacak stratejiler ile sağlanabilir. Bu doğrultuda yoksulluğun artması sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın sağlanmasında en büyük tehdittir. Literatür incelendiğinde yoksulluğun, gelir dağılımı adaletsizliği, sürdürülebilir kalkınma, ekonomik büyüme gibi önemli değerler ile doğrudan bağlantılı olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmada yoksulluğu daha somut bir şekilde incelemek için gini katsayısı ve işsizlik verileri tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan model geçmiş çalışmalar dikkate alınarak oluşturulmuştur. Analizin ilk aşamasında verilerin yatay kesit bağımlılıkları ve homojenlik durumlarına bakılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre birim kök testi ve uzun dönemli ilişkinin tespiti için eş bütünleşme analizi yapılmıştır. Eş bütünleşme analizi sonuçlarının daha sağlıklı anlaşılabilmesi için eş bütünleşme katsayılarının da incelemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda gini katsayısında bulunan dengesizliklerin ve işsizliğin artmasının uzun dönemde yoksulluğun artışını önemli ölçüde etkilediği gözlemlenmiştir.

Mechanically silent nociceptors are sensory afferents that are insensitive to noxious mechanical stimuli under normal conditions but become sensitized to such stimuli during inflammation. Using RNA-sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR we demonstrate that inflammation upregulates the expression of the transmembrane protein TMEM100 in silent nociceptors and electrophysiology revealed that over-expression of TMEM100 is required and sufficient to un-silence silent nociceptors in mice. Moreover, we show that mice lacking TMEM100 do not develop secondary mechanical hypersensitivity—i.e., pain hypersensitivity that spreads beyond the site of inflammation—during knee joint inflammation and that AAV-mediated overexpression of TMEM100 in articular afferents in the absence of inflammation is sufficient to induce mechanical hypersensitivity in remote skin regions without causing knee joint pain. Thus, our work identifies TMEM100 as a key regulator of silent nociceptor un-silencing and reveals a physiological role for this hitherto enigmatic afferent subclass in triggering spatially remote secondary mechanical hypersensitivity during inflammation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate drug release, degree of conversion (DC), and surface properties of resin composites containing chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded mesoporous (mHAP) and nonporous hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocarrier. CHX loaded mHAP and HAP, or CHX without nanocarrier was added into the resin composite in 1% and 5% concentrations. After characterization of experimental materials with XRD, EDX, FT-IR, and SEM, the CHX release on the 1st, 7th, 30th, and 120th days were evaluated by UV-vis spectroscopy. DC, surface roughness, and surface hardness of the samples were also evaluated. The data was statistically analyzed. While mHAP groups released significantly higher CHX on the 30th day (p .05), there was no statistically significant difference between the HAP and mHAP groups on the 120th day (p .05). DCs of all groups were similar (p .05). While mHAP and HAP groups containing 5% CHX showed significantly higher roughness than the other groups (p .05), no statistically significant difference was observed between the other groups (p .05). The 1% and 5% CHX groups without nanocarrier showed significantly lower surface hardness (p .05). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the other groups in terms of surface hardness (p .05). A controlled CHX release was achieved by mHAP and HAP nanocarriers for 120 days. The nanocarrier addition up to 5% did not negatively affect the DC and the surface hardness which is one of the surface properties of the resin composites. Although the addition of 5% nanocarrier to the resin composite increased the surface roughness, while adding 1% of these nanocarriers did not change.

Objectives This clinical study evaluates the 30-month clinical performance of class II indirect restorations using ceramic, hybrid, composite blocks to endodontically-treated teeth. Materials and methods A total of 60 indirect class II restorations were performed in 51 patients using Cerasmart (GC Dental Products Europe, Leuven, Belgium) composite, IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) ceramic, and Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany) hybrid blocks. All the restored teeth had root canal treatment. The restorations were evaluated using modified FDI criteria for 30 months. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Friedman two-way analysis of variance. Results A total of 53 restorations of the 60 restorations could be followed up at the end of 30 months. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups after 30 months in terms of all criteria evaluated (p > 0.05). Conclusion Composite, ceramic, and hybrid blocks showed successful clinical performance in posterior teeth with large material loss. Clinical relevance: In the literature, the information about which indirect material is the most appropriate for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth is insufficient. In this study, the restorations made using different indirect materials showed similar clinical performance at the end of the 30-month.

Spine surgery is one of the most performed surgical procedures in the world. In our study, it was aimed to determine the predictive factors for intraoperative bleeding and transfusion in patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery. Patients aged 18 years and older who underwent lumbar spine surgery under general anesthesia between January 2018 and December 2020 were included in the study. The medical data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Demographic data, comorbidities, type and duration of surgery, preoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet, coagulation parameters, amount of intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusions and hospital stay were recorded. A total of 408 patients, 155 (37.99%) male and 253 (62.01%) female, with a mean age of 59.56±11.39 years were included in the study. Preoperative erytrocyte suspension (ES) transfusion was performed in 15 (3.68%) patients due to preoperative low hemoglobin value. Surgical procedure was performed most frequently due to lumbar canal stenosis (n=255, 62.5%) and posterior segmental instrumentation + laminectomy (n=216, 52.94%) was the most common procedure. The amount of bleeding was found to be 444.12±279.59 mL, and intraoperative transfusion was applied to 101 (24.75%) patients. ES was applied to 77 (18.87%) of the patients, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to 2 (0.49%) and ES+FRP to 22 (5.39%) patients intraoperatively. Age (P=0.041), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use (P=0.030), surgery performed in three or more segments (P=0.010), hematocrit value (P=0.029), prothrombin time (PT) (P=0.006), crystalloid use (P=0.015), the development of intraoperative hypertension (P=0.008) was associated with intraoperative transfusion. NSAID use (P3, intraoperative crystalloid and colloid administration (P, Omurga cerrahisi dünyada en fazla uygulanan cerrahi işlemlerden biridir. Çalışmamızda lomber omurga cerrahisi uygulanan hastalarda intraoperatif kanama ve transfüzyon açısından öngörücü faktörlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ocak 2018- Aralık 2020 döneminde, 18 yaş ve üstü, genel anestezi altında lomber omurga cerrahisi uygulanan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların medikal verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların demografik verileri, komorbiditeleri, cerrahi tipi ve süresi, cerrahi işlem preoperatif hemoglobin, hematokrit, platelet, koagülasyon parametreleri, intraoperatif kanama miktarı, intraoperatif ve postoperatif kan transfüzyonları ve hastanede yatış süreleri kayıt altına alındı. Yaş ortalaması 59,56±11,39 olan 155’i (%37,99) erkek, 253’ü (%62,01) kadın toplam 408 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. 15 (%3,68) hastada preoperatif hemoglobin düşüklüğü sebebiyle preoperatif eritrosit süspansiyonu (ES), replasmanı yapıldı. En sık lomber kanal stenozu (n=255, %62,5) sebebiyle cerrahi işlem uygulandı, en sık uygulanan işlemin posterior segmental ensturmantasyon + laminektomi (n=216, %52,94) olduğu görüldü. Kanama miktarı 444,12±279,59 mL olarak bulunurken, 101 (%24,75) hastaya intraoperatif transfüzyon uygulandı. İntraoperatif hastaların 77’sine (%18,87) ES, 2’sine (%0,49) taze donmuş plazma (TDP), 22’sine (%5,39) ES+TDP uygulandı. Yaş (P=0,041), nonsteroid antiinflamatuar ilaç kullanımı (NSAII) (P=0,030), üç ve üçten fazla segmentte cerrahi işlemi yapılması (P=0,010), hematokrit (P=0,029), protrombin zamanı (PT) (P=0,006) değerleri, kristaloid kullanımı (P=0,015), intraoperatif hipertansiyon gelişimi (P=0,008) intraoperatif transfüzyonla ilişkilendirildi. NSAII kullanımı (P

Amaç: Sosyal medya kullanımı, özellikle gençler arasında günlük hayatın bir parçası olmakta ve gençlerin düşünme, etkileşim ve iletişim biçimlerinde büyük bir dönüşüm yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışma üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal medya kullanımları ile iletişim becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte tasarlanan araştırma 2018 yılında, bir üniversitenin sağlık bilimleri fakültesinde öğrenim gören 400 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama aracı olarak, Katılımcı Tanıtım Formu, Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ve İletişim Becerileri Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 21.01±1.86 ve %73.8’i kadındır. Öğrencilerin %94.5’inin sosyal medyayı kullandığı, %58,5’inin günde 1-4 saat sosyal medyada vakit geçirdiği, %39.7’sinin sosyal medyayı güncel olayları takip etmek amaçlı kullandığı belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamasının 88.53±26.64, İletişim Becerileri Envanteri toplam puan ortalamasının 116.47±12.38 olduğu saptanmıştır. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile iletişim becerileri arasında ters yönde/negatif ve düşük düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir (r=-0.09 p=0.071). Sonuç ve Öneriler: Sonuç olarak, öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğunun sosyal medyayı aktif kullandığı ve sosyal medya bağımlılığının iletişim becerilerini olumsuz etkilediği bulunmuştur. Üniversite öğrencilerinin farkındalığının artırılması için konuyla ilgili eğitim ve danışmanlık programlarının planlanması ve uygulanması önerilir., Aim: The use of social media is a part of daily life, especially among young people, and creates a great transformation in the way young people think, interact and communicate. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between university student’s social media use and communication skills. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and cross- sectional study was conducted at a university’s faculty of health sciences with 400 students in 2018. Participant Identification Form, Social Media Addiction Scale and Communication Skills Inventory were used for the data collection. Results: The average age of the students was 21.01±1.86 and 73.8% of them were females. Of the students, 94.5% used social media, 58.5% spend one to four hours daily in social media, and 39.7% used social media to follow up on current events. The total score of Social Media Addiction Scale was found as 88.53±26.64 and the average score of Communication Skills Inventory was found as 116.47±12.38. there was a negative and low level of correlation between social media addiction and communication skills (r= -0.09, p=0.071). Conclusion and Suggestions: In conclusion, the vast majority of students were found to use social media actively and social media addiction negatively affected their communication skills. Planning and implementation of education and counselling programs about the issue to increase the awareness of the university students is recommended.

In order to determine the anatomical arrangement of the branches of the sciatic nerve (SN), in Hasmer sheep breed (HSB), five animals were used for this purpose. After opening the body cavities of the cadavers, they were fixed in 10 % formaldehyde solution. The branches of the SN were dissected separately and photographed. In HSB, it was observed that SN passed through the foramen ischiadicum majus together with its branch, caudal gluteal nerve. At the level of the caudoproximal part of the femur, SN gave off its first prominent branch in hind limb, the common root of the rami musculares. After branching the common root of the rami musculares, SN coursed ventrally; and approximately in the middle of the thigh, it was divided into three nerves: caudal sural cutaneous nerve, tibial nerve, and common peroneal nerve. This anatomical study in the HSB will make a demonstrative contribution to understanding the distribution of SN in hind limb, and support further anatomical and surgical studies in this area.

Amaç: Capsicum baccatum türüne ait 67 biber genotipinin UPOV (Uluslararası Yeni Bitki Çeşitlerini Koruma Birliği) bitki özellik belgesi kriterlerine göre morfolojik özelliklerinin tanımlanması ve bitkisel özellikleri yönünden C. baccatum türüne ait biber popülasyonunda var olan mevcut varyasyon düzeyinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Araştırmada, C. baccatum türüneait popülasyonda UPOV tarafından biber için belirtilen TG/76/8 nolu bitki çeşit özellik belgesine göre morfolojik karakterizasyon yapılmıştır. Morfolojik tanımlama kriterleri yönünden C. baccatum türüne ait biber genotiplerinin yüksek düzeyde fenotipik çeşitlilik gösterdikleri saptanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere, küme ve temel bileşen analizi uygulanmıştır. Temel bileşen analizi sonucunda C. baccatum türüne ait biber popülasyonunda morfolojik varyasyon değerinin %75.75oranında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuç, C. baccatum türüne ait biber genotipleri arasında yüksek oranda morfolojik varyasyon bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca,küme analizi sonucunda C. baccatum genotiplerinin akrabalık ilişkilerinin tespit edildiği bir benzerlik dendogramı da elde edilmiştir. Genel Yorum: Araştırma sonucunda, morfolojiktanımlama kriterleri yönünden C. baccatum türüne ait biber genotiplerinin yüksek düzeyde çeşitlilikgösterdikleri saptanmıştır. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bu çalışma ıslah programının ilk aşamasını kapsamaktadır. Araştırma sonrasında, incelenen gen havuzundan seçilecek genotiplerin çeşit ve anaç ıslah programında değerlendirilmesine yönelik çalışmalara devam edilmesiplanlanmaktadır. Aims: It was aimed to define the morphological traits of 67 genotypes of the Capsicum baccatum species according to the criteria of the UPOV (International Association for the Protection of New Plant Varieties) and, to determine the level of the present variation in the population of C. baccatum in terms of the plant characteristics. Methods and Results: In this study, morphological characterization was used with the description form developed for Capsicum sp. by UPOV with reference number TG/8. The phenotypical diversity was found high level among Capsicum baccatum genotypes. Cluster and principal component analysis were performed to determine relationships among genotypes. Principal component analysis explained 75.75% of the total multivariate variation. This result demonstrated that morphological variation is high among genotypes in C.baccatum populations. The dendrogram was also prepared to evaluate morphological similarity between genotypes. Conclusions: As conclusion, it was found high diversity in terms of detailed morphological traits in C. baccatum populations. Significance and Impact of the Study: This research is the first stage of pepper breeding programme. Selected genotypes will be use to obtain improved new varieties at the end of this study.

Background We aim to compare the diameters of ascending aorta in COVID-19 patients and COVID–19-free individuals referred to our pandemic hospital. Methods The medical records and thorax tomographies of patients admitted to the “pandemic central” state hospital with symptoms of COVID-19 were observed between April 2020 and May 2020 in this case-control study. The first group consisted of patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and the second group consisted of patients without the disease. The diameter of the ascending aorta is measured via tomography and compared to each other. The most causative risk factors for aortic enlargements underwent a multivariate regression analysis. Results Charts of 156 patients (104 COVID-19 positives, 52 COVID-19 negatives) were reviewed. There was a statistical difference ( p: .01) between the mean aortic diameter of COVID-19 patients (39 mm) and COVID-free patients (32.5 mm) even though comorbid factors and patient characteristics were similar in the two groups at the time of hospital admission. The regression analysis result demonstrates that COVID-19 (leading factor), age, and coronary artery disease were the most significant factors associated with increasing aortic dimensions. ( p: .001, B: 5.3/, p: .02, B: 3.36/, p: .002, B: 0.13/, R square: 40.2%). Conclusion This study shows that the mean aortic diameter of COVID-19 patients is larger than non–COVID-19 patients with similar comorbidities referred to a pandemic hospital. COVID-19, age, and coronary artery disease are the most influential factors that affect the aortic diameter, and the COVID-19 was the leading factor.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the anesthetic approaches of patients who underwent surgery in our hospital during the early COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: All patients admitted to general surgery (GS), orthopedics, neurosurgery (NS), urology, cardiovascular surgery (CVS), thoracic surgery, ear nose throat, and plastic and reconstructive surgery at the operating rooms in our hospital in early pandemic periods were scanned retrospectively. Demographical data, surgical indications, urgency, anesthetic methods, and complications are evaluated. Anesthetic methods used in the operations were examined as general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, and sedoanalgesia. In addition, patients’ hospital stay period, intensive care unit admission rate, 30 days mortality, and COVID-19 positivity after surgery were examined. Results: Two hundred and ninety patients were admitted for operation in our hospital during a pandemic. CVS, Orthopedics, and GS were departments that admitted the most number of patients with ratios of 27.2%, 26.2%, and 25.2% respectively. The patients who underwent emergency surgery were seen in the CVS with 79 patients and the orthopedics with 73 patients. In anesthesia management, the application rate of general anesthesia was 44.1%, regional anesthesia 33.1%, and sedoanalgesia 22.8%. Totally 61 patients were admitted to ICU. According to surgical branches, 30-day mortality rates were determined as 8.3% in NS, 6.6% in GS, 3.8% in CVS, and 2.7% in orthopedics respectively. Four patients were postoperative COVID-19 positive in total. Conclusions: Anesthetic approaches in surgical patients may affect the length of hospital stay, referral to the intensive care unit, and mortality in the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Serebral palsili çocuklar sıklıkla var olan nörolojik hasar nedeniyle çiğneme ve yutma güçlüğü yaşamaktadır. Bu nedenle malnütrisyon için önemli bir risk grubunu oluştururlar. Fiziksel malformasyonları ve ek hastalıkları nedeniyle anestezi yönetimi diğer çocuk hastalara göre daha zordur. Çalışmamızda serebral palsili çocuklara yapılan perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi işlemleri sırasında ameliyathane dışı prosedüral sedasyon uygulamalarını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Mayıs 2017 ile Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında ameliyathane dışında endoskopi ünitesinde prosedüral sedasyon ile perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi işlemlerinin gerçekleştirildiği 0-18 yaşları arasındaki hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Toplam 21 serebral palsili hasta ve 30 girişim değerlendirildi. Tüm hastalarda perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi uygulamasının temel endikasyonunu yutma güçlüğü ve malnütrisyon oluşturuyordu. Hastaların %26,6’sı (n=8) ASA skoru 2, %73,3’ü ise (n=22) ASA skoru 3 risk grubu olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların %73,3’ünün (n=22) vücut ağırlığı

Aim: This descriptive study was conducted in order to determine the knowledge, opinions and practices of health personnel about postpartum blues. Method: The study was conducted with 53 nurses/midwives, 29 family physicians and 2 family physician specialists working in primary health care institutions, and 29 nurses/midwives, 6 obstetricians and 6 pediatricians working in the obstetrics and pediatric clinics in Söke district of Aydın. It was carried out in a total of 125 health personnel. Data were collected according to self-report of participants with a questionnaire following official and personnel permissions. Data were evaluated with Chi-Square, Fisher Exact Chi-Square, Kruskal Wallis H and Mann Whitney-U tests and p< 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Participants’ mean age was 39.78±7.31 years and duration of work was 17.40±7.81 years; 81.6% were women and 44.8% had a bachelor's degree. 70% of the participants who stated that they knew about postpartum blues (56%) and obtained their knowledge from vocational training (67.1%) had moderate level of postpartum blues knowledge. 66.4% of the participants see postpartum blues as a health problem, 63.6% care about helping the mother and 80% think that health personnel should be trained. 45.6% of the participants encountered postpartum blues and provided spousal and family support (61.4%), but they considered themselves inadequate (79.2%) in this regard. The knowledge and practices of all health personnel working in the community health center and pediatric clinics, as well as nurses/midwives working in the 1st and 2nd levels are insufficient (p

Twisted tall building structures have recently been used as an architectural and structural form. On the other hand, there are very few studies on the behavior of twisted tall buildings under seismic and wind lateral loads. In this paper, the behavior of twisted tall buildings under seismic and wind-induced loads is investigated and compared with their prismatic counterpart. As a case study, a twisted building in Miami, Florida, is modified by twisting all floor levels with an angle of 3 degrees. Lateral wind forces and seismic forces are considered for this location and using ASCE 7-16. The 3-dimensional models are created using ETABS for analysis. The structural system of the building consists of a composite core system. The floor system consists of a post-tensioned concrete slab and the surrounding twisted columns are reinforced concrete. For the analysis of twisted tall building structures under lateral loads such as wind loads and seismic loads, the application of provisions and the behavior of prismatic and twisted tall building structures are discussed. In the study, it was found that the lateral stiffness of the twisted tall building under seismic loads is lower than that of the prismatic tall building.

The ubiquitous volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs), which are composed of LRRC8 proteins, facilitate cell volume homeostasis, and contribute to many other physiological processes. Prior studies demonstrated that treatment with non-specific VRAC blockers, or brain-specific deletion of the essential VRAC subunit LRRC8A, are highly protective in rodent stroke. In this work, we tested the widely accepted idea that harmful effects of VRACs in the brain are mediated by pathological release of the excitatory transmitter glutamate. We used two molecular genetic strategies to ablate LRRC8A expression in either brain astrocytes only (inducible deletion ofLrrc8aflox/floxwithAldh1l1CreERT2) or the majority of brain cells (neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes withNestinCre). To produce stroke, genetically modified mice were subjected to a 40-minute occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The inducible deletion of astrocytic LRRC8A yielded no histological or behavioral protection. In contrast, the brain-wide LRRC8A knockout reduced ischemic infarction by ~50% in both heterozygotes (Het) and the fullLrrc8aknockout (KO) as compared to the controlLrrc8aflox/+genotype. However, despite identical brain damage, Het and KO mice dramatically differed in their VRAC activities. Het mice had full swelling-activated glutamate release, while KO animals showed its virtual absence. These new findings refute the notion that VRAC-mediated glutamate release plays significant role in ischemic brain injury.