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The entanglement of colonial power's cultural and material manifestations has been an important topic in anticolonial thinking. I tentatively term this the problem of relating the imperial imaginary and imperial reality. This essay focuses on the imaginary and real geographies of the eighteenth-century British maritime empire, using digital methods (custom named entity recognition and mapping) to compare place-names mentioned in maritime fiction and nonfiction with the movements of British ships. In Edward Said's terms, structures of reference are used to see the structures of attitude underpinning the material power of an increasingly global empire. I present four theses on the convergences and divergences between the imaginary empire of texts and real empire of ships: on the centrality of England in both, a shared colonial geography of fungibility, the imaginary's erasure of environmental and bodily restraints, and the imaginary empire's anticipation of, and even preparation for, real imperial domination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the book "Colonizing Kashmir: State-Building under Indian Occupation" by Hafsa Kanjwal, which challenges the prevailing narratives about the relationship between India and Kashmir. Kanjwal argues that the relationship is one of colonial occupation, rather than a natural part of India. The book explores the state-building and nation-building initiatives in Kashmir, as well as the cultural and social aspects of colonization. The author highlights the importance of understanding the colonial nature of India's relationship with Kashmir in order to comprehend the grievances of the Kashmiri people. [Extracted from the article]

This essay explores airplane manufacturing in twentieth-century Seattle to trace the correspondence between major developmental moments in the city's history and broader transitional moments in American empire. In doing so, it argues that Seattle is best understood as an imperial city characterized by four ongoing features: extensive connections beyond the city's nominal borders; sustained alliance between private commercial interests and the state that made such connections possible; a built environment of technological infrastructure made to serve that alliance; and labor forces, segmented by race, subject to the evolving needs of empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a half century of urban transformation in one relatively minor town in Palestine, situated on a major road, under two regimes: the late Ottoman Empire and British Mandate. The changes in Ludd/Lydda are examined through the planning prism. Given the lack of any systematic, official planning in that town before World War I, an attempt is made to reconstruct such a plan out of available documents. Both the real plan one produced by the British colonial mind and the imagined one—produced so to speak by the Indigenous inhabitants as reconstructed here—serve as case study for tracing how the town's Palestinian inhabitants coped with different regimes until their town was occupied by the Israeli military and they became refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a neglected facet of the life of the poet and colonial agent James Macpherson (1736–1796). Better known today as the 'translator' of Ossian, James Macpherson was also a political writer and MP who enjoyed a long association with the East India Company (EIC). In the 1780s, James returned to his native Badenoch, bought an estate, and played a decisive role in the reconfiguration of the area through military recruitments, land arbitration and new strategies of landownership and improvements. Studying James Macpherson's relation to land and kinship reveals a more complex and ambivalent man than previously acknowledged in existing literature. Drawing from official and private records, as well as Gaelic material, this paper uncovers the extent to which his reestablishment was the product of his imperial activities, as was visible in the reinjection of external capital in land. James's political connections in London were instrumental in assisting Duncan Macpherson (later of Cluny), son of the exiled Macpherson clan chief, in recovering the forfeited estates. Enjoying popularity with his tenants, James was reluctant to impose purely commercial improvements: his considerable East Indian profits provided him with financial emancipation from unpredictable land revenues and the ability to preserve his image of a paternalist landowner locally. However, this paper also engages with James Macpherson's ideology and recreation of a mythical past serving his own interests. Offering valuable help to the entrepreneurial Macpherson gentry also involved in India and America, James took a decisive role in offering advise and support to large-scale improvement projects. His adoption of a lavish lifestyle and conscious use of entertainment, made possible by the influx of colonial wealth, enabled him to challenge the old social order, juxtapose himself with the Cluny Macpherson and recreate a post-clanship culture serving the interests of the colonial gentry. The controversial perception of James Macpherson, whose role oscillated between that of nouveau riche and 'clan champion', sheds a new light on the impact of the British Empire on Badenoch, and the Highlands at large. A closer look at his reestablishment in Badenoch, a county traditionally seen by historians as an example of effective management without mass depopulation, provides new perspectives on the intersection of late-eighteenth century empire, improvement, and clanship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the criminal prohibition against bigamy during the British colonial rule of Palestine, drawing particular attention to the exemptions it afforded to Muslims. Through archival research, the article analyses the debates that led to the legislation of the 1936 Criminal Code Ordinance through three distinct lenses – political, religious, and gendered to circumspectly explore the inconsistencies of the British approach toward Bigamy. I reveal how mandatory legislators prohibited it as a matter of public and criminal law while creating a broad exemption of its stipulations by essentially relegating the matter to the less heavily regulated 'private' sphere. I argue that the exemption provided for Muslims on the bigamy prohibition demonstrates the complexity of colonial law and its intrinsic paradox manifested in outlawing bigamy while accommodating it. This paradox and inconsistencies in colonial legislation are in line with colonial policies toward native populations, reflecting British colonial perception and anxiety towards colonial subjects and themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article brings feminist critiques of capitalism into conversation with race-conscious International Political Economy to highlight the place of social reproduction in the colonial global economy. It does so by taking a provincial perspective, using Royal Leamington Spa as a case study to reveal how the provision of care for the elderly and the ill sustained colonial elites across the life course, while religious and educational practices helped transmit cultural values across generations and reproduce imperialism as an institutionalised social order. Whereas the finance houses of London, the factories of Manchester, and the ports of Liverpool and Bristol constitute nodal points for imperial circuits of capital, the spa town condenses the everyday practices through which bourgeois metropolitan empire was lived and made liveable. These findings point to a functional differentiation of economic space within the metropole and offer a critical reinterpretation of Middle England as a Whitened site of middle-class respectability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

J.S. Mill is considered one of the most influential figures of the classical political economy. In attempting to reconcile Ricardian and non-Ricardian political economy, Mill developed radical views on various matters, including the distribution of wealth and his political economy of small proprietorships. Mill, as an Examiner of the East India Company, was inclined towards defending imperialism and British rule in India. His support for British imperialism aimed at promoting the material and moral improvement of British colonies while, at the same time, he believed that the harm principle sets limits to coercion, as people in India were not savages but enslaved people to despots. This article points out that the Indian land case provides a crucial link to connect Mill's political economy of small proprietorships with his tolerant imperial political thought. It is argued that this conjunction is necessary to our understanding of Mill's political economy and political theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an analysis of the evolution and changes that occurred in public procurement in Malaysia from two eras, namely the era of British colonialism and the era of the implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP). The targeted objective is to examine the changes that occurred in public procurement during the period, analyze the reasons and factors why those changes occurred and then the impact that was left behind. This is important because the public procurement policy in those two periods has become the basis of the government procurement system in Malaysia today. Political and the direction of the government were found to play a role in shaping the form of public procurement in both eras and it was systematically legitimized. The British have made public spending run according to their mold and direction even though the sultan is still the supreme ruler of a state. Through the term “advising” versus “directing” in managing the administration, the British established the Federal Assembly as a legitimate control tool to govern and dominate the financial administration in their colonial states. Crown agents played an important role in public procurement representing the supreme British government in London and this continued until after independence. NEP which was launched in 1971 witnessed an important transition where there was a clear role for the government by being more actively involved in the national development agenda through public procurement. This happens through affirmative policies in the form of legislation, bureaucratic frameworks and quota systems. This has had an impact on the country’s public procurement policy until now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This issue of Australian Historical Studies focuses on the relationship between Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG). The articles aim to recover PNG as a part of Australian history and explore the historiography that has created a division between the two nations. The issue highlights the shared history and unique status of PNG within the Australian state. It also discusses the revival of interest in studying the history of Australia's former territory, facilitated by Deakin University's research and symposia on the PNG-Australia relationship. The articles provide insights into Australian colonialism, memories of Australian rule, and expand Australian history beyond the continent. [Extracted from the article]

Situated in the unique historical context of Hong Kong—a contact zone between East and West—this study explores how Christianity's introduction through British colonialism and missionary efforts has intertwined with and influenced Chinese cultural traditions. By examining selected works of Xu Dishan and Chen Zanyi, this study reveals the dynamic negotiations of identity and values between these two cultural and religious traditions. These literary works not only depict the complexities of cultural hybridity but also provide insights into the evolving nature of cultural identity in Hong Kong, illustrating how global religions and local traditions can merge and transform each other. This study contributes to understanding the intricate dance of religious exchange, conflict, and compromise in Hong Kong's cross-culture setting, suggesting that such literary explorations can bridge Christianity with the socio-economic, cultural, and historical fabric of Chinese society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses three books that examine the history of wine in different regions and its connection to imperialism and colonization. "Imperial Wine" explores the role of the British Empire in the wine industry of its settler-colonial lands. "Whites and Reds" delves into the history of wine production and consumption in Russia and the Soviet Union, highlighting the emergence of Soviet wine nationalism. "The Blood of the Colony" focuses on the wine industry in French Algeria and its impact on economic inequality. These books provide valuable insights into the cultural and economic aspects of wine production and consumption. The article also mentions a researcher's recent study on the relationship between First Nations and settler colonial wine grape cultivation, as well as their ongoing project on the history of Australia from an environmental perspective. This information may be of interest to library patrons researching Indigenous history, colonialism, and environmental history. [Extracted from the article]

Charles Dickens, who was deeply influenced by British naval culture since his childhood, created a large number of "loyal" and "patriotic" images of sailors in his naval narrative works. Dickens attempted to use these images to construct a morally "noble" image of Great Britain during the period of its expansion over the seas, which seems to reflect his support for the expansion of sea power of the British Empire. In addition, Dickens was deeply dissatisfied with the medical welfare of seamen and the governance ability of colonial officials, which reflects his anxiety and concern about the crisis faced by the maritime expansion of British empire. All seems to reflect his consciousness of sea power as well as empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focusses on the 'plague debates' which took place in the British parliament in 1819 and 1824, where the opinions of non-medical experts were also taken into account; particularly those of officials who had acquired relevant practical experience. Such opinions were crucial in politicising the medical debate from one of the nature of plagues, towards an evaluation of the impact of quarantine more broadly. Paying closer attention at the correspondence between the colonial governor of Malta and the Ionian Islands, and the colonial secretary, it reveals a different aspect of the contagion inquiry in Britain—one considering medical knowledge about plagues that was highly speculative. While most historical works illuminate the establishment of what was considered to be medical evidence, there is less work about the political, economic or even personal motives which underlined interventions in these debates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the architectural typology of the verandah by following its use in residential buildings during the post-Ottoman British colonization and Independence periods in Sudan and differentiating between the concepts of climate determinism and climate consciousness. It brings new archival family photographs and fieldwork to discuss a modern Sudan that is curiously absent from the scholarship of both African and Islamic architecture in order to write the global history of modernism in higher resolution. It shows that the verandah was a British colonial architectural device in the context of a distinct town planning strategy, conceived after the racist segregation of "white men" from "natives" and used for cooling purposes for the sake of colonizers' comfort in perceived tropical climates. Comparing Abdel Moneim Mustafa's designs to those of colonial architects such as Gordon Brock Bridgman and independence-era architects such as Peter Muller, the article defines climate consciousness as a position that resists colonial inequalities of climate determinism but does not reject international connections and the modern know-how of climatization. It shows that the colonial connotations of the verandah were transformed after Sudanese independence, thanks to its creative use by architects who critically employed the technical know-how progressed under the field of tropical architecture. The article identifies this approach as the search for a more equitable internationalism that struggled for self-determination in order to undo the domination of global empires but not foreclose cosmopolitanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The year 2024 is the Centenary of the foundation of the Leprosy Relief Association (Lepra), formerly the British Empire Leprosy Relief Association (BELRA). The name of the organization changed to the LEProsy Relief Association (LEPRA) in 1976 but has been known as Lepra since 2008. Over the years it has worked closely with members and office holders of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Its work has encompassed activities from the earliest initiatives to ensure appropriate living conditions for those with the disease to the development of leprosy chemotherapy. However, this has now evolved into a strong partnership between the UK- and India-based Lepra hubs, which are carrying out research and public health initiatives ranging from elimination of prejudice against those with leprosy to adopting the recently launched WHO programme for skin NTDs to facilitate integrated control and management regimens. The fight against leprosy has always been a partnership between a wide variety of disease-specific NGOs, health-care workers and international health agencies. The story of Lepra illustrates the central role of these partnerships and national as well as international collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the Yeerongpilly Village Settlement, a failed socialist and utopian agrarian experiment in Queensland, Australia in the late 19th century. The settlement aimed to create a cooperative farming community, but faced challenges such as unsuitable land and conflicts with speculators. Despite its failure, the settlement reflects the prevalent socialist and utopian ideals of the time. The article provides details on the location, key proponents, purpose, and financing of the settlement, and suggests further sources for research on communal living in the area. [Extracted from the article]

In an interview in the early 1980s, Michel Foucault predicated that, from the eighteenth century on, modern government rationality has essentially been a form of urban planning. This article challenges this argument. It discusses the formation of rural social engineering, that is, the state-led efforts to design new men and new social orders outside the cities through plans, during decolonisation in Asia. Based on the comparative study of India after Partition (1947) and British Malaya during the counter-insurgency war (1948–60), the argument is that we can understand rural social engineering particularly in the 1950s less as a consequence of colonial inheritance or international change but as the result of how decolonisation unfolded including its patterns of violence, social conflict, and migration. As such, rural social engineering constituted a central element in the postcolonial 'art of the government of man'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the sale of land in North Carolina's Bath County by the Lords Proprietors to Christoph von Graffenried and Franz Louis Michel in 1709. The sale was part of the proprietors' efforts to promote settlement and raise land revenue in the colony. However, the purchase of the land by the Palatine settlers resulted in the displacement of Indigenous peoples and tensions with the Tuscarora Confederation. The article argues that the sale was a calculated reaction to political circumstances and a continuation of the proprietors' land grant policies. It also discusses the shift in land grant policies in North Carolina from headright grants to purchase patents, as well as the challenges faced by the proprietors in collecting rent from colonists. The text further examines the political unrest and conflicts that arose during the Bath County land rush and the impact on Indigenous peoples. Overall, understanding the influence and priorities of the Lords Proprietors is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of North Carolina's history. [Extracted from the article]

The Patent Act extended to colonial India in 1859 introduced to Indians the right to file a patent for an invention. The article locates India as a site for invention and innovation, not by looking at the legal evolution of the law or the inventions themselves, but at the Indian patentees' engagement with the law. The consistent but small number of Indian patentees is suggestive of patent-filing being a form of sustained engagement with technological modernity. The establishment of a Patent Office completed the bureaucratic structure and was an intrinsic part of the development of India as a technocratic and scientific state. Examining the nature of this colonial institution, the paper examines a parallel process which shaped patenting: Indianisation. The colonial policy of Indianisation shaped Indians' access to employment and research in technical institutes. This had two visible but discrete consequences: in the number of Indian employees whose patents were acquired by the government, and the creation of a notable 'patent culture' with the Patent Office in Calcutta as a site and headed by an Indian. The paper uses the patent law as an axis to illuminate conversations around inventive activity in colonial India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses the deliberations of the Museums Association of Pakistan to demonstrate the collaborative and multidisciplinary nature of national history-writing that took place in the wake of Pakistan's independence from British colonial rule. It repositions museums as an important stage on which new national narratives—and, by extension, new South Asian histories—were generated, rather than their being mere showcases for histories scripted elsewhere or being dismissed as colonial relics. It also draws attention to the individuals and the networks that shaped these histories, widening the net to include more than elite politicians and grand narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the 1815 Register of Plantation Slaves in Saint Lucia, which offers valuable insights into the lives of enslaved individuals and families during the era of abolition. The register provides details about the physical characteristics, labor, disabilities, and kinship connections of the enslaved population in British colonial Saint Lucia. It reveals that most enslaved individuals were Creole and lived with their families, but also highlights the ongoing violence and regional trafficking that persisted even after the transatlantic slave trade was abolished. The register also sheds light on the exploitation of enslaved women and the dehumanizing nature of bureaucratic records. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of these registers in understanding the experiences of enslaved people, while acknowledging their limitations and the need to consider diverse perspectives. [Extracted from the article]

In British Malaya, Scouting promoted the virtues of the Great Outdoors and opened up space for alternative views of boyhood for indigenous boys. Although Malayan boys were no strangers to being out-of-doors prior to the movement's introduction, Scouting established an educational framework in which outdoor learning gained traction and where the Great Outdoors came to be identified as an ideal environment for cultivating a wholesome, active, and healthy boyhood. In an era where social exchanges between colonial and colonised boys were limited, Scout activities in the open-air, notably camping and hiking, fostered homosocial bonds between boys of diverse ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds in their 'boys-only world'. Outdoor activities also nurtured the ideal of an insouciant, yet physically demanding and vigorous boyhood, where a boy's 'innate gang-spirit' and 'tendency for mischief' were to be encouraged. In that endeavour, the Great Outdoors was conceptualised and extoled by (adult) Scoutmasters as a desirable substitute for a boy's very own home. By harnessing newspaper sources, Scout literature, and the oral histories of former Malayan Scouts, this paper seeks to demonstrate how Scouting shaped and regulated cultural representations and understandings of the 'Great Outdoors' for boys' education during the colonial era into the post-colonial present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polo is a team sport played on horseback hitting a small ball through the opposing team's goal. In today's form, it originated in Northern India and is an example of colonial encounter and the formation of colonial masculinities. This paper follows Mrinalini Sinha's findings that see power at the centre of masculinity in arguing that the emerging dynamics between elite colonisers and colonised displayed in the game of polo aided both groups' interest to rule. The late nineteenth century was defined by shifts in imperial social relations and the outdoors became a space to practice changes linked to racial, class, sex, ethnic, or national differences and discourses. Threatened not least by the emergence of Indian nationalism, British elite colonisers and Indian nobility played polo to assure each other of their social, cultural, and political power arrangement within a mostly homosocial milieu. In playing polo a cross-racial (elite) form of masculinity was practiced that allowed both groups to showcase their manliness and upkeep existing social hierarchies and status. After arriving in the metropole, polo turned into an even more elite form of masculinity to defend fragile class divides and reassure British upper classes of their status and privilege. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across the nineteenth century, European surveyors, explorers and mountaineers often sought to constitute the Himalaya as spaces of imperial duty, escape from civilisation, and manly experiences against and in nature. Rather than focusing on the homosociality of the better known climbing ventures of the twentieth century, this article instead considers the period before Mount Everest became the main prize. In particular, it examines an eclectic mix of Himalayan expeditions that made claims to the world 'altitude record': that is, the highest height ever climbed above sea level. The different ways that climbers discussed and doubted these record-seeking climbs in their accounts, and especially in talks at the Royal Geographical Society in London, provide a series of snapshots into manly self-fashioning around suffering and self-reliance at the edge of the British Empire. Here the masculinities of non-European guides and porters (especially Gurkhas) also always provided both a foil and a challenge. Ultimately, attempts on the altitude record reveal the way that casting the Himalaya as a space for the narration of masculine ideals and imperial expansion could be both mutually reinforcing and in conflict. Expressions of homosociality nevertheless also shifted across the nineteenth century, with the filling in of the last 'blank spaces' on the map seemingly narrowing the canvas for manly outdoor experiences. This was compounded by the way the Himalaya were constituted and maintained as spaces for manly experiences in part by the exclusion of women, even as women like Fanny Bullock Workman were themselves climbing towards record heights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Starz time-travel drama Outlander, World War II nurse Claire Randall is transported back to 1743 while visiting Scotland. While Claire initially tries to travel back to her husband Frank, she soon becomes caught up in rebellion and marries Scottish Jamie Fraser. Claire, an Englishwoman, is forced to acknowledge the harsh realities of British colonial rule in Scotland. Frank's ancestor, British Captain "Black Jack" Randall, serves as a terrifying synecdoche for the colonization of Scotland. In this article, the author argues that Black Jack's obsession with and eventual capture, torture, and rape of Jamie force both Claire and the viewer to bear witness not only to Jamie's own suffering but also to the devastating colonization of Scotland. Outlander constructs Jamie as a wild, romantic hero—paralleling Claire's romanticization of Scotland—and then deconstructs this narrative as it forces its heroine to confront the devastation wrought by her own empire throughout history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, relying on Readex's electronic database 'Early American Newspapers, Series 1, 1690–1876: From Colonies to Nation', I use the evidence of newspapers to construct a picture of the encyclopaedias most mentioned in British North America and the early United States during the period before 1790. I begin by explaining my methodology and reviewing other approaches to studying the American market for encyclopaedias before 1790. Then, working on the assumption that mentions of encyclopaedias in newspapers roughly represent interest in encyclopaedias, I attempt to quantify Americans' evolving interest in different encyclopaedias and kinds of encyclopaedias. Lastly, having sketched out the landscape of encyclopaedias in eighteenth-century America, I consider the uses to which they were put. Among other conclusions, I argue that, despite assertions to the contrary by encyclopaedists and their publishers, encyclopaedias functioned less as substitutes for private libraries than as complements to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of studying the history of fascist groups and organizations in Britain, despite their marginal relevance to the nation's politics. It argues that the history of British fascism should not be dismissed and that historians should explore the development of fascism after 1945. The article also highlights the presence of contemporary fascists in the United Kingdom and raises questions about how to contextualize their growth. The special issue of the journal focuses on various aspects of British post-1945 fascism, including the role of emotion, community building, and antifascist activism. The articles shed light on these often neglected cultures and provide insights for future research. The study of fascism in post-1945 Britain is important for understanding the origins and resistance to contemporary extremist cultures. [Extracted from the article]

Looting and trafficking of cultural heritage in the areas known today as Nigeria started during the exploration and expansion of British territories in Africa. Missionaries, military officers, traders and anthropologists were notorious for their involvement in the illegal expropriation of artefacts. After the independence, looting of Nigeria's cultural heritage continued in museums, palaces, shrines and other sacred places. However, in recent years, several people and institutions have campaigned for the return of artefacts to their original owners. Consequently, there was a return of two ancient Benin bronze artefacts; a cockerel (Okukor) and UhunwunElao (Oba head) by the Jesuit College of Cambridge University and the University of Aberdeen, Scotland. This however,sparked a row as to who should take custody of the artefacts between Edo State Government and the Benin Royal Palace. This papersuggests that the Benin Royal Palace and other royal houses in Nigeria are custodiansof the peoples' culture and should keep the artefacts and others that may be returned in future in a community museum. This study was carried out through documentary research approach. Relevant information was sourced in reports, books, monographs, newspapers, magazines, academic theses and internet sources, in order to have a comprehensive review of the previous reports on stolen and returned artefacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long before twentieth-century scholars developed the language to describe 'settler colonialism', nineteenth-century Māori writers, composers, and storytellers critiqued British imperialism and theorized colonial violence. In mōteatea, letters, and kōrero heke iho (narratives passed down), tūpuna Māori asked what British colonial settlement would mean for te ao Māori, the Māori world. As they reflected on the changes wrought by imperialism, tūpuna offered guidance for future uri (descendants). This is an article about the ways that one wahine Māori critiqued colonization and imagined Māori futures in the context of mid-nineteenth-century colonial invasion. More specifically, it is an article about how Rihi Puhiwahine, a renowned composer, guided her descendants through a world disfigured by British imperialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

James Joyce's "Counterparts" is a poignant exploration of the multifaceted themes of anger, revenge, and justice within the backdrop of early twentieth century Dublin. The story takes the reader on a journey through the life of Mr. Farrington, whose struggles embody those of an average Irish worker in the face of British imperialism and societal pressures. Farrington's gradual transformation from a man burdened by anger into one consumed by an insatiable thirst for revenge serves as a stark commentary on the corrosive effects of his predicament. As the narrative unfolds, it becomes increasingly evident that the boundary between anger and revenge is a fine line, easily blurred in the tumultuous world of Mr. Farrington. The story challenges readers to consider the legitimacy of his emotions and actions, highlighting the complexities of the human psyche when subjected to perceived injustices. Farrington's impulsive and misguided attempts at revenge only serve to underscore the tragic nature of his character, exemplifying the societal constraints that restrict his agency and expression. "Counterparts" ultimately paints a bleak picture of justice, where Farrington's quest for revenge takes on a violent and delusional character that fails to address the core issues of perceived injustices. His inability to channel his anger into a purposeful course of action mirrors the broader sense of disempowerment experienced by many Irish citizens in Joyce's time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Writers who live in a common climate are influenced by the social and political climatic conditions of that region in addition to their worldview and personal style. And they create the regional and climatic school. Which of these schools is the South school of fiction writing, which has important place in Iranian fiction literature. Texts, including literary texts in interaction with history carry social meanings and become the presence of different discourses. The influence of political, historical and climatic conditions on the literature of the South, especially from the 1953 coup d'état in Iran decades after the revolution, has created many similarities in terms of content and structure in the works of the great storytellers of this region. In this research, by choosing three works of the southern school, namely the novels "Tangsir" by Sadegh Chubak, "Suvashon" by Simin Daneshvar, and "Ahle Ghareq" by Muniro Ravipour, We have shown how the selected works of this school are influenced by the existing discourses and the social structure that generates these discourses. In their works, compared to the other works of this school, the mentioned authors tried to reconstruct the atmosphere of colonialism and tyranny in a more concrete way and create dominant postcolonial and tyrannical discourses in a historical moment, that is, from the time of the presence of British colonialism at the end of the Qajar era until the 1953 coup d'état and have imposed their dominant discourses on the lexical, syntactic and rhetorical structure of speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses three books that explore different aspects of the British Empire and its impact on global capitalism and culture. Liam Campling and Alejandro Colás' book, "Capitalism and the Sea," examines the economic history of maritime empires and their role in global capitalism. Ashley L. Cohen's book, "The Global Indies," focuses on British imperial culture and its influence on the world during the 18th and 19th centuries. Caroline Ritter's book, "Imperial Encore," explores the postcolonial impact of British culture in Africa. These books provide valuable insights into the economic and cultural characteristics of global capitalism and the British Empire's role in shaping the world. [Extracted from the article]

In the early nineteenth century, medical schools became a growing means of regulating medicine in the British Empire, both in the metropole and in two colonies: India and Canada. By examining the establishment of medical schools in Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, Quebec City, Montreal and Toronto between the end of the Seven Years' War and the beginning of the Victorian era, this article argues that the rise of the British Empire was a key factor in the gradual replacement of private medical apprenticeships with institutional medical education. Although the imperial state did not implement a uniform medical policy across the British Empire, the medical schools established under its jurisdiction were instrumental in devising a curriculum that emphasised human dissection, bedside training in hospitals and organic chemistry as criteria of medical competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While larger British colonies in Africa and Asia generally had their own medical services, the British took a different approach in the South Pacific by working with other colonial administrations. Together, colonial administrations of the South Pacific operated a centralised medical service based on the existing system of Native Medical Practitioners in Fiji. The cornerstone of this system was the Central Medical School, established in 1928. Various actors converged on the school despite its apparent isolation from global centres of power. It was run by the colonial government of Fiji, staffed by British-trained tutors, attended by students from twelve colonies, funded and supervised by the Rockefeller Foundation, and jointly managed by the colonial administrations of Britain, Australia, New Zealand, France and the United States. At the time of its establishment, it was seen as an experiment in international cooperation, to the point that the High Commissioner for the Western Pacific called it a 'microcosm of the Pacific'. Why did the British establish an intercolonial medical school in Oceania, so far from the imperial metropole? How did the medical curriculum at the Central Medical School standardise to meet the imperial norm? And in what ways did colonial encounters occur at the Central Medical School? This article provides answers to these questions by comparing archival documents acquired from five countries. In doing so, this article will pay special attention to the ways in which this medical training institution enabled enduring intercolonial encounters in the Pacific Islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of trade between the eastern seaboard of North America and French Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) during the Age of Atlantic Revolutions. The trade between the two regions was significant and had implications for the U.S.-French alliance. The article also explores the role of smuggling and trade statistics in this trade relationship. Additionally, it highlights the financial challenges faced by French officials in Saint-Domingue during the Haitian Revolution and the impact of the demand for grain on colonial government policies. Overall, the article provides valuable insights into the inter-imperial dynamics and economic factors at play during this period. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses Manuel Covo's book, "Entrepôt of Revolutions: Saint-Domingue, Commercial Sovereignty, and the French-American Alliance," which examines the role of merchants in solidifying and compromising the French-American Alliance during the Age of Revolutions. The book focuses on Captain Joshua Barney's involvement in smuggling, the slave trade, and providing provisions to freed Blacks in French Saint-Domingue. Covo argues that imperial trade, rather than democratic ideals, drove the Age of Revolutions, and explores the commercial strategies of merchants and the impact of the French-American Alliance on French colonial trade in the Caribbean. The book also examines the transition from the Exclusif to the Exclusif mitigée, a French policy that regulated trade with the French colonies overseas. Additionally, the article mentions Rafael Covo's book, "Entrepôt of Revolutions: The United States and the French Imperial Imaginary," which explores the failures of the French Revolutionary government's legislation on colonial trade in the face of U.S. neutrality, the Jay Treaty, and Toussaint Louverture's autonomous commercial policies in Saint-Domingue. The author argues that imperial trade was a driving force behind the Age of Revolution, and while the book examines local, national, and regional levels, it pays less attention to the intra-imperial level. The book also discusses the absence of the term "capitalism" and its unclear place in the long history of colonial capitalism. Overall, the book is a stimulating [Extracted from the article]

The historical and contemporary alignment of medical and health journals with colonial practices needs elucidation. Colonialism, which sought to exploit colonised people and places, was justified by the prejudice that colonised people's ways of knowing and being are inferior to those of the colonisers. Institutions for knowledge production and dissemination, including academic journals, were therefore central to sustaining colonialism and its legacies today. This invited Viewpoint focuses on The Lancet , following its 200th anniversary, and is especially important given the extent of The Lancet 's global influence. We illuminate links between The Lancet and colonialism, with examples from the past and present, showing how the journal legitimised and continues to promote specific types of knowers, knowledge, perspectives, and interpretations in health and medicine. The Lancet 's role in colonialism is not unique; other institutions and publications across the British empire cooperated with empire-building through colonisation. We therefore propose investigations and raise questions to encourage broader contestation on the practices, audience, positionality, and ownership of journals claiming leadership in global knowledge production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to assess the legal legacy of one of British India's most significant emergency acts: Act XI of 1857, also known as the State Offences Act. Although introduced during the Indian Uprising of 1857, it will be argued that the extra-judicial provisions contained in this act exerted a strong influence on the legal character of post-1857 'special' or exceptional colonial criminal legislation, an influence that continued to be reflected in the punitive emergency laws set in place in post-colonial India. The long-term historical significance of Act XI will be illustrated by examining some of the more notable pieces of punitive or repressive legislation enacted in colonial and post-colonial India, namely the Murderous Outrages Act of 1867, the 1915 Defence of India (Criminal Law Amendment) Act, the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, the Defence of India Act, 1962, and, more recently, the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act of 1985. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Military Survey of Scotland (1747-1755) was an influential document in the history of cartography. Commissioned in response to the last Jacobite Rebellion (1745-1746), it systemized cartography in the United Kingdom and across the British Empire. Researched from primary sources and existing literature, this paper emphasizes the importance of the survey in increasing the number of surveys and maps produced in the British Empire, creating a "family" of maps in places as distant as Ireland, British North America, and India. The most important legacy was the creation of the Ordnance Survey in 1791, due to the efforts of William Roy, the lead engineer on the Military Survey of Scotland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the authors discuss articles in the issue about the Mount Polley Mine disaster that took place in Northern Secwepemc Territory, British Columbia on August 4, 2014.