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Using the critical analysis of the literature, the paper brings into focus the role of informal institutions on economic performance. The main conclusion drawn from the analysis is that economic performance is structured on the optimal functioning of institutional arrangements in which informal institutions are of particular importance by catalyzing decrease transaction costs, requiring judicious contracts, in order to promote a climate of trust between economic and the entire society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our approach aims to reveal critically aspects derived from the regulation method of distribution of Budgetary reserve fund and emergency fund - both of the government - seen by us as special allocations made by the central executive authorities, which require extra regulation because they aim at funding emergency or unforeseen expenses and urgent actions to eliminate the effects of natural disasters occurring during the budget year. Lately, these expenses having high share in the state budget, review of legislative provisions on the matter is imposed. Incidentally, in this respect there are presented conclusions by various experts/ institutions, found in some papers / reports we have consulted, together with specific legislation and literature to develop this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through this approach we intend on actually achieving glances on basic legal norms in the field of taxation - Tax Code and the Fiscal Procedure Code - in terms of their potential to confer sustainability of public financial resources. Therefore, after playing some considerations regarding the sustainability of fiscal resources, highlighting the relationship taxation - development, we stop on the first reunification tax laws in the context of the market economy in Romania (2003), marked by the adoption of the Tax Code - by law - and legislating procedure by governmental tax legislation, then the desire circumscribed debate issues of sustainability of public finances. By placing our focus on massive renewal of the provisions of the tax code, which took place in 2015, and treat problems related to sustainability, prudence, predictability and efficiency - as imperative contained in the Fiscal Responsibility Law. Creating the premises to ensure predictability of the tax system and the continuation of conduct necessary fiscal consolidation sustainable, by rewriting the Tax Code and re-systematization of rules of Fiscal Procedure are prominently presented in this paper (Part Two), to finally reveal the economic impact of rewriting Codes the tax area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of contracts in the new Civil Code is revealed not only by the important number of legal texts that the legislator devoted, but also by a series of innovating situations which enjoy a quite judicious regulation. This importance paid to the contract also resides in the fact that the society is constantly evolving and both the individual and the collective interests need more adequate protection. On the one hand, the effects of a contract on its parties create fundamental rules illustrated primarily by the principle of the binding power, which presents a particular theoretical interest; however, within this paper, we aimed at emphasizing the exceptions to this principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitatis George Bacovia. Juridica is the property of George Bacovia University, Faculty of Sciences Economics, Juridical & Administrative and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of our endeavour is to bring into the light of debates the situation that might exceptionally occur at the level of administrative territorial authority (ATU - villages, cities, municipalities and counties) when it is affected the budgetary activity because the mayor/chairman of CC (County Council) is unable to exert its mandate, the LC (Local County)/CC is dissolved and the secretary position of the ATU is vacant. The discussion is focused on the legislative solution adopted by the Government through the Emergency Order, establishing the possibility according to which the prefect can name a person - by detachment - as secretary of the LC/CC. At the same time, it was also identified the solution for preventing a budgetary obstruction caused by the existence of the deliberative authority dissolution state which consists in the enactment of application in the current financial year of the ultimate budget, updated with the allocated amounts in the current year coming from the state budget or other budgets, respecting the monthly expenditures limit of 1/12 of this total budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on a brief analysis on those court cases in the jurisdictional phase, dealt with by the administrative court, within the High Court of Cassation and Justice of Romania (HCCJ). Obviously, as already made evident by the topic of our paper, we have dealt with those cases involving military personnel -- petty officers, warrant officers, officers of various ranks and positions -- from the Romanian Navy. In the few pages at our disposal, we focused on the reasons for the actions in the respective courts, on the procedural framework, on the arguments used in appeals, on the motivation for maintaining a court decision, on the modification or cancellation of the judicial decisions appealed to the HCCJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights the most important aspects, seen mainly from an economic and financial perspective, of the correlation between the needs of the national defense system with the possibilities conferred by the development stage of our country, considering that Romania is a NATO member, with certain commitments in this regard. Obviously, based on the recent Political Agreement on increasing national defense funding, we consider that the support for military expenditure should be much stronger, given the risks of the current regional geopolitical space, generating instability and insecurity. Thus, after a period when the Romanian Army funding parameters were relatively modest, we highlight that the allocations in question are going to be based on a distribution of approx. 2% of the GDP (period 2017-2027), a vital issue in ensuring the support and development of procurement programs - with equipment and combat technology - and military staff training. The study of the literature has strengthened our belief, expressed herein, that the respective percentage may be increased, depending on the security needs and obligations that Romania can assume, targeting -- ultimately -- a greater increase in the operational capability of the Army. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at bringing empirical evidence to support the importance of personal values for consumers of higher education and determine possible connections between personal values and perceptions, attitudes and behaviors of students, all valuable information in maintaining the "Excellency" premise of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi (UAIC). The data was collected through a structured interview held with 150 university students from five faculties: Faculty of Law, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Faculty of History, Faculty of Psychology and the Faculty of Philosophy and Socio-Political Science. The results showed positive correlations between personal values and overall satisfaction, intention to recommend and perception of UAIC services (both as adding value and as being highly qualitative) proving that personal values do matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitatis George Bacovia. Juridica is the property of George Bacovia University, Faculty of Sciences Economics, Juridical & Administrative and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the Romanian Constitution (Art. 115, paragraph 1), the Government, as a body of the Executive Power, is endowed with attributions belonging to the Legislative function, specific to the Parliament. Thus, we are dealing with what the juridical science calls "legislative delegation". On this basis, the Government may issue simple ordinances, under a special enabling law and emergency ordinances -in case of special circumstances, which both represent primary normative acts with the power of a law. In this paper we approach the issue of the legislative delegation during the recent five years (2010-2014), focusing on a few aspects relating to the fields of finance and economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present days, the great majority of the world countries are turning towards two fundamental directions, in order to confront the problems that appear as a consequence of medical errors. The first way is represented by the powerful intensification of the monitoring systems and preventive control of the risk, and under study. Based on the practice experience, the objective of this way is firstly, to eliminate the medical errors, as much as possible,, to ensure a better quality of the diets, and to reduce the costs. The second way refers to the legislative interventions that could guarantee a just regulation of the compensation system in the case of medical errors, avoid the negative interferences in the operation of medical structures and guarantee a smooth run of the medical professions. The author analyzed the results of the most recent research studies conducted in the USA and other developed countries, as a consequence of the damages made by the medical errors, highlighting the uncertain data faults regarding this phenomenon and underlining the continuous growth of the complaints and compensation claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important lawful legal actions generating obligations is represented by the management of business. In Roman law, this institution was called negotium gestio and it was entailing mutual actions between its parties. For example, if a person dealt with another person's business, in the absence thereof, there were born reciprocal actions between them: the person whose businesses were administered (principal or dominus negotii) had direct action, and the person who administered them (gestor) had the contrary action. However, the new provisions of civil substantive law from our country consecrate to this civil legal action a much more modern and judicious regulation. It is noteworthy, in particular, that the contemporary civil legislator tried to determine its specific conditions, consecrating, in this respect, several provisions incident to the parties and to their actions. However, the effects of business management present a particular interest in the light of the parties' obligations; equally, we are going to identify a special component of this institution known as the management ratification by the principal. Through the management ratification by the principal, the legislator has compared the management of business with the mandate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the legal steps (regulatory) taken at EU level as well as in each Member State, aimed to determine an ascent of sustainable growth, supported by a substantial degree of structural reforms. Obviously, Romania joined on the line, accounting as a responsibility of the state authorities to implement the European standards of the aforementioned nature, and also to develop and implement various (national) laws in an attempt to achieve faster the macro-stabilization and to strengthen the economic and business environment. In other words, lately, a certain enhancement of the intervention of the executive authority/government by legal means in the economic and business environment occurred, a situation determined, as we will show, by the increasing financial difficulties, to which, as we observe, were associated certain circumstances regarding the environment/sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legislative delegation, based on which the legislative powers are transferred from the Parliament to other state bodies, is an exception to the principle of the separation of powers. According to paragraph 1 of Article 115 of the Constitution, the Parliament may adopt a special law enabling the Government to issue (simple) ordinances in fields outside the scope of the organic laws. Thus, the Constitution grants that the Government -an organ of the executive power, under certain conditions, may be vested by the Parliament with attributions of the legislative function, specific to the Parliament. The prohibition of the Government to issue legislative acts in the field of organic laws only refers to the government ordinances issued under a special enabling law. Even knowing all these facts, given the ampleness of the phenomenon to which we refer in this paper, the foreign investors invoke the instability of the business laws in Romania, increased by the frequency of the emergency ordinances and lack of transparency of the local legislative process. In our case, through this paper, we limit ourselves only to covering certain dimensions of the aspect of the ?legislative authority? of the Executive branch, consistent with the period following the accession of Romania to the EU, of which several years have been included in the post-crisis period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temporal evolution of the environmental issues has made possible certain approaches from various angles, including the philosophical or religious ones. We note that a society which designs its own development focusing on maximizing profits regardless of the environmental consequences, may end up finding that, in fact, it achieved the "maximum pollution", severely degrading the environment, the natural resources and therefore mankind itself. Pollution means nothing but to destroy the environment, the support and source of life, which we "long ago" received from God. The new aspects of the development/economic growth, with all their deriving effects directly affecting the environment and life/existence of mankind, have determined us to try, based on the specialty literature, a philosophical and ethical approach of the relation between the economy and the environment. At the same time, we dedicate a certain amount of space to the position of institutional and neo-institutional economists in this respect, as well as to the role of their own interest and altruism in shaping behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The budgetary deficit issue is a topic of wide interest since the 80s, when the United States faced with the largest budgetary imbalances after World War II. The approached theme coexist naturally with many pro or against mainstreams of a negative budget balance. The essential purposes taken into account in writing this study are illustrated by analyzing both revenue and expenditure of the general government in Romania during 2007 - 2012 and the consolidated budget deficit analysis, the causes of the budget deficit, and the ways of its funding for the period 2007-2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross-compliance requirements, namely those regulation requirements targeting the management of European funds for meeting environmental and sustainable development objectives, must be respected by all EU citizens, whether they benefit or not, as farmers, of EU support under CAP. The European Commission (EC) pays special attention to the institutional framework of assessment, monitoring and checking / auditing / coercion, focusing on the appropriate use of it, on continued pursuit of non-compliance cases, so on. Therefore, over the recent years, several check and audit systems have been developed in order to increase the compliance and performance in using those funds. In this context, our paper aims at highlighting the most significant aspects at Community level of 2011 financial year, revealed through the external public audit means used by the Court of Auditors (ECA), after first insisting on the importance and impact of „green” financial operations in the current European context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The negative effects of the global crisis can be seen on SME's because of their size and their difficulty to access finance. SME's need to be aware of the impact that their activities have on the environment which will turn into a great opportunity to explore the economic advantages that emerges from implementing an environmental management system. If an SME has already implemented an ISO 14001 environmental management system, the next natural step would be to turn its attention towards this new and long awaited ISO standard which is ISO 26000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide the financial resources oriented to the ecological area are still undersized against the necessities. An eventual recalibration depends directly on the economical growth. In Romania, the Environment Fund is built according to the European principles „polluter pays" and „producer responsibility", to implement environmental protection rules. The state entity which is responsible for the management of the Environmental Fund is the Environmental Fund Administration, a public institution with legal status, financed from their own revenue, which is under the Minister of Environment and Forests coordination. It is noted that, given the commitments on Chapter no. 22, Environmental Fund Administration continued financing those environmental projects that have started in previous years and launched new sessions of financing for national projects, aiming for national, regional and local social-economic benefits. The projects financed by the Environmental Fund aim to promote sustainable development and to cover an important segment of the environmental problems which Romania faces right now, creating jobs and entailing multiple components of the secondary economical sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]