Search

Copyright of Acta Odontologica Turcica is the property of Acta Odontologica Turcica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This systematic review evaluated how different storage times and conditions affect universal adhesives' bond strength and degree of conversion (DC). Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for articles published from January 1st, 2000, until May 15th, 2022. The researchers comprehensively evaluated the articles using a multi-step process to identify articles relevant to the topic of interest. Quality assessment was performed through the ROBDEMAT tool. Due to the high heterogeneity in the preliminary data, performing a meta-analysis was not feasible. Results: A total of 3169 records were obtained, and after removing duplicates, 2267 remained. Following title and abstract screening, 2253 studies were excluded based on the predetermined exclusion criteria. Of the 14 remaining studies, seven were further excluded due to the use of non-universal adhesives, experimental adhesives, or lack of aging protocols. Ultimately, seven studies were included in this systematic review. All studies focused on bond strength, with only one addressing DC. The Findings showed that aging or different storage conditions generally led to reduced bond strength and DC values in universal adhesives, although exceptions with stable or improved properties were noted. Conclusions: Adhesives with higher pH and those containing methacrylamides, HEMA-free compositions, or hydrolytically stable monomers showed better durability than others. Strict adherence to storage instructions, lower storage temperatures, and immediate recapping of adhesive bottles after use is recommended to maintain adhesive properties. These findings provide insights for optimizing the long-term performance of universal adhesives in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) sourced from rice husk on the mechanical properties of a commercial glass ionomer cement (GIC). NCC was isolated through acid hydrolysis, and its crystallinity, chemical structure, and morphology were characterized through x‐ray diffractometry, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Various concentrations of NCC (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) were added to reinforce the GIC matrix. Mechanical tests including compressive strength, flexural strength, hardness, and shear bond strength were conducted on the modified GIC samples. The addition of NCC resulted in increased hardness and shear bond strength values, with 1% NCC showing the highest values compared to other concentrations. However, there was no significant improvement observed in the compressive and flexural strength of the modified GIC. Failure mode test revealed a reduction in adhesive failure with the addition of NCC. Incorporating small amounts of NCC (0.5%–1%) suggests a promising and affordable modification of GIC restorative material using biomass residue, resulting in improved mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the mechanical properties of polyurethane cement (PUC) composite materials, axial tensile test, acid and alkali corrosion resistance test, bond test with concrete, and bond test with steel bars were conducted. The axial tensile results show that the tensile strength of PUC material is 31.11MPa, the stress-strain curve for axial tensile behavior of the material is obtained through fitting. To explore the durability of PUC materials, acid-alkali-salt corrosion resistance test is carried out, the results show that the PUC material has good resistance to acid and alkali corrosion. The failure mode of the bond test between PUC material and concrete is internal cohesion failure of concrete material, indicating good bond performance of PUC material. Axial tensile test of PUC material is carried out at different temperatures (-40°C~60°C). When subjected to temperatures between 40°C and 60°C, the strength of materials does not deteriorate. However, it is noteworthy that the material's ability to withstand tensile strain significantly increases as temperatures rise to 60°C. The bonding strength between PUC material and steel bar increases with an increase in protective layer thickness, and at a thickness of 70 mm, the maximum bond stress is achieved at 16.38 MPa. On the other hand, the strength of the bond reduces as the anchorage length increases. Smooth round bars demonstrate a significantly lower bond strength compared to deformed bars, as their maximum bond strength is at approximately 47.4% of that of the deformed bars under the same conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the effect of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2NPs) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of hard denture lines bonded to different denture base resins. Methods: Five different denture bases were used in this study: conventional heat-cured resin, IvoCad, AvaDent, NextDent, and FormLabs, in acrylic specimens of 10 × 10 × 2.5 mm3 (N = 150, n = 10). Specimens were centered at the bottom of a silicon mold to create an auto-polymerized holder. Three major groups of reline material were used: no ZrO2NPs (control), 2 wt.%, and 4 wt.% ZrO2NPs. Reline was bonded to the resin surface using a customized jig. After polymerization, specimens were stored in distilled water, and 5000 thermal cycles were performed. Each specimen was fixed to an Instron machine, and SBS was tested using a blade loaded (1 mm/min) at the resin interface until failure. Data was collected and analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results: AvaDent showed the highest SBS when compared with other denture base materials (p < 0.001) except for IvoCad. The addition of ZrO2NPs significantly decreased the SBS of AvaDent (p = 0.003) and IvoCad (p = 0.001), while heat polymerized resin, Formlabs, and NextDent showed no significant change in SBS (p > 0.05). Conclusion: CAD-CAM milled denture base resin showed higher SBS with pure denture reline. The addition of ZrO2NPs decreased the SBS of reline with CAD-CAM milled denture base resins but did not change bond strength with 3D printed and conventional denture base resins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modeling the steel-concrete interface is a constant research topic in structural engineering. Several studies have explored advanced modeling methods, including cohesive models. This article fits into this context by investigating the bond strength at the steel-concrete interface based on a cohesive model. The numerical parameters considered in the software ABAQUS 2019 are investigated. The experimental and numerical results of pullout and beam tests were used as references for the parameters fitting process. With the Concrete Damaged Plasticity model (CDP), the physical non-linearity of the concrete was considered. The contact was described as a surface-to-surface interaction. The pullout tests' cohesive parameters were fitted with experimental tests. Regarding the beam models, an analysis was carried out verifying the use of pullout fitting parameters in the beam models, aiming to compensate for the eventual absence of these data. For the pullout models, the cohesive parameters fitting process yielded better results than those obtained with the recommended values. Improvements were especially significant regarding slippage at the maximum pullout force. The use of pullout test-fitted parameters in the beam models had a smaller influence on the ultimate load predictions. However, the slippage predictions and beam deflection were more affected by the change in cohesive parameters. The bond modeling using a surface-based technique performed well at a low computational cost, considering the materials' physical nonlinearities and 3D geometries. The results, also in general, did not significantly change the load predictions, which indicates a possibility of use in numerical simulations when the pullout data is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the insufficient data on bonding performance and effective anchorage length of sleeve grouting in assembled structure. Combining the existing studies, the sleeve grouting joint test for the static unidirectional tensile test was designed, and the influencing factors are reinforcement diameter and reinforcement anchorage length. Then, the failure mode, load-displacement relationship, energy consumption capacity and bearing capacity of the grouting sleeve connection are analysed, and the stress mechanism of the specimen in the one-way tensile state is expounded. This paper considers the actual damage state of the joint, according to the failure of the reinforcement outside the joint and the sleeve; referring to the reinforcement-concrete bond strength research theory, the effective anchorage length formula is proposed. When the steel bar is pulled out, the bond strength and bearing capacity mainly depend on the effective anchorage length. However, when the specimen breaks the steel bar outside the joint, it depends on the material performance of the steel bar itself. The research results of this paper can lay a theoretical foundation for the application of sleeve grouting joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bond performance served as a crucial foundation for the collaboration between concrete and steel rebar. This study investigated the bond performance between coal gasification slag (CGS) concrete, an environmentally friendly construction material, and steel rebar. The effects of fine aggregate type, steel rebar diameter, and anchorage length on bond performance were examined through bond-slip tests conducted on 16 groups of reinforced concrete specimens with different parameters. By utilizing experimental data, a formula for the bond strength between steel rebar and CGS concrete was derived. Additionally, the BPE bond-slip constitutive model was modified by introducing a correction factor (k) to account for relative protective layer thickness. Findings indicated that substituting 25% of manufactured sand with coal gasification slag did not cause significant adverse effects on concrete strength or bond stress between concrete and steel rebar. The effect of steel rebar diameter on the ultimate bond stress was not obvious, whereas when the steel rebar diameter was fixed; the increase in anchorage length led to uneven distribution of bond stress and eventually reduced the ultimate bond stress. The modified bond-slip constitutive model agreed well with the experimental values and was able to more accurately reflect the bond-slip performance between CGS concrete and steel rebar. This study provided a theoretical basis for the conversion of CGS into a resource and for the application of CGS concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epoxy resin concrete, characterized by its superior mechanical properties, is frequently utilized for structural reinforcement and strengthening. However, its application in structural members remains limited. In this paper, the bond–slip behavior between steel reinforcement and epoxy resin concrete was investigated using a combination of experimental research and finite element analysis, with the objective of providing data support for substantiating the expanded use of epoxy resin concrete in structural members. The research methodology included 18 center-pullout tests and 14 finite element model calculations, focusing on the effects of variables such as epoxy resin concrete strength, steel reinforcement strength, steel reinforcement diameter and protective layer thickness on bond performance. The results reveal that the bond strength between epoxy resin concrete and steel reinforcement significantly surpasses that of ordinary concrete, being approximately 3.23 times higher given the equivalent strength level of the material; the improvement in the strength of both the epoxy resin concrete and steel reinforcement are observed to marginally increase the bond stress. Conversely, an increase in the diameter of the steel reinforcement and a reduction in the thickness of the protective layer of the concrete can lead to diminished bond stress and peak slip. Particularly, when the steel reinforcement strength is below 500 MPa, it tends to reach its yield strength and may even detach during the drawing process, indicating that the yielding of the steel reinforcement occurs before the loss of bond stress. In contrast, for a steel reinforcement strength exceeding 500 MPa, yielding does not precede bond stress loss, resulting in a distinct form of failure described as scraping plough type destruction. Compared to ordinary concrete, the peak of the epoxy resin concrete and steel reinforcement bond stress–slip curve is more pointed, indicating a rapid degradation to maximum bond stress and exhibiting a brittle nature. Overall, these peaks are sharper than those of ordinary concrete, indicating a rapid decline in bond stress post-peak, reflective of its brittle characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CSMSFC (Calcium Sulphoaluminate Cement-based Micro Steel Fiber Concrete) possesses the advantages of early strength, high strength, exceptional toughness, minimal shrinkage, and excellent bond performance with bars. When applied to NLSB (Non-contact Lap Splice of Bars) in prefabricated structures, CSMSFC enhances mechanical performance while preventing shrinkage cracking and reducing seismic damage. Additionally, it shortens construction periods for prefabricated structures and achieves a comprehensive improvement in seismic performance and construction efficiency. However, there is a lack of systematic testing of factors influencing the bond strength between CSMSFC and NLSB and the effect of CSMSFC on the force transfer performance between NLSB. Therefore, the axial tensile tests of NLSB were conducted on 51 non-contact lapping specimens to investigate the bond properties and force transfer mechanism between lapping bars and CSMSFC. The effects of lapping length, volume fraction of steel fibers, spacing of bars, and concrete cover thickness on the lapping characteristics were examined, and the comparison with OPMSFC (Ordinary Portland Cement-based Micro Steel Fiber Concrete) was also considered. The experimental results demonstrate that the bond strength between bars and CSMSFC increased by 36.8%, 42.3%, and 43.3% respectively, with volume fractions of steel fiber at 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% compared to the absence of steel fiber. The bonding effect between CSMSFC and bars is similar to that of OPMSFC and bars. The bond strength between CSMSFC and the bars improved by 4.3% and 6.6% with the increases of the spacing of bars from 0 to 20 mm and the concrete cover thickness from 10 to 30 mm. Conversely, with the increases of the lapping length from 50 mm to 100 mm, 200 mm, and 300 mm, the bond strength decreased by 46.8%, 72.2%, and 82.0%, respectively. Finally, based on the force transmission mechanism of the non-contact lapping bars, a calculation model is proposed for determining the lapping length while considering the reinforcing effect of steel fiber "stirrups." A formula is derived from the model to calculate the minimum lapping length of HRB400 bars in CSMSFC, considering the volume fraction of steel fibers, which can assist in designing the minimum lap length of NLSB in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Near-Surface-Mounted (NSM) technique for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) strengthening is widely applied in the seismic retrofitting of concrete structures. The key aspect of the NSM technique lies in the adhesive performance between the FRP, adhesive layer, and concrete. In order to accurately predict the bond strength of embedded reinforced NSM FRP–concrete, this study constructs the relationship between the influencing factors of bonding performance and bond strength based on four machine learning (ML) algorithms: Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). A unified and interpretable prediction method for FRP–concrete interface bond strength based on SHAP values and ML algorithms is proposed. The results indicate that the ML models exhibit good predictive performance, with the R2 of the test set ranging from 0.8190 to 0.9621, showing higher accuracy than empirical calculation formulas. Among them, the RF algorithm demonstrates the highest overall accuracy and optimal performance. Additionally, the SHAP (Shapley additional explanations) method quantitatively confirms that the width of the FRP strip has the most significant impact on bond strength. The newly developed hybrid ML model has the potential to become a new choice for accurately assessing the bond strength of NSM FRP strengthening technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most traditional adhesives applied in the wood industry are synthetic resins obtained from petroleum. However, the production of these resins raises substantial environmental issues because of formaldehyde release, which leads to detrimental impacts on both human health and the environment. In contrast, bio-based adhesives offer an eco-friendly option that is created by renewable biomass resources. These adhesives can effectively overcome the above problems. Hence, it is crucial to pay more attention to bio-based adhesives. However, the inherent characteristics of the raw materials used in the production of bio-based adhesives result in a number of limitations, including weak bond strength, poor water resistance, and susceptibility to mildew, which restrict their further applications. Most researchers have used physical and chemical methods to modify bio-based adhesives in order to improve their overall performance. The defects of bio-based adhesives, including their limited bond strength, inadequate resistance to water, and vulnerability to mildew, are summarized in this paper, and the investigation of potential modification methods on bio-based adhesives is reviewed. Moreover, we encourage the widespread use of bio-based adhesives in various fields to promote sustainable development due to their eco-friendly characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are widely used to protect ceramic matrix composites (CMCs, SiCf/SiC, and Al2O3f/Al2O3), and they should have low thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) matching the CMCs and excellent mechanical properties to prolong their lifetime. Current EBC materials have disadvantages of phase transitions and insufficient mechanical properties, which affect their working temperatures and lifetime. It is necessary to develop new oxide EBCs. Ytterbium tantalate (YbTaO4) is a stable and novel EBC material, and we have improved the mechanical properties and TECs of Yb1−xAlxTaO4 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) ceramics by replacing Yb with Al. XRD, SEM, and EDS are used to verify the crystal and microstructures, and nano-indentation is used to measure the modulus and hardness when changes in TECs are measured within a thermal expansion device. The results show that the phase structure of Yb1−xAlxTaO4 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) is stable at 25–1400 °C within air atmosphere, and their high-temperature TECs (6.4–8.9 × 10−6 K−1, 1400 °C) are effectively regulated by introductions of different contents of Al, which enlarge their engineering applications for SiCf/SiC and Al2O3f/Al2O3 CMCs. The evolutions of TECs are analyzed from structural characteristics and phase compositions, and the increased TECs make Yb1−xAlxTaO4 potential EBCs for Al2O3 matrixes. Due to the high bonding strength of Al–O bonds, hardness, as well as Young's modulus, are enhanced with the increasing Al content, with Yb1−xAlxTaO4 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) having a nano-hardness of 3.7–12.8 GPa and a Young's modulus of 100.9–236.6 GPa. The TECs of YbTaO4 are successfully regulated to expand their applications, and they match those of Al2O3 and SiC matrixes, as well as displaying improved mechanical properties. This work promotes applications of YbTaO4 as potential EBCs and provides a new way to regulate the TECs of tantalates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, NiCrMoWTi HEA layer was prepared on the surface of the TC4 titanium alloy under vacuum conditions by using the double-flare surface plasma carburizing technique, which has the gradient structure of deposited layer + diffusion layer and metallurgical bonding with the substrate. The effects of different voltage differences on the micromorphology, structure, and properties of the HEA layer were also investigated. The results show that the physical phases of the HEA layer are basically the same and are composed of fcc and bcc phases. The high entropy alloy layer has a high bonding strength to the substrate, with a bonding force of 55.2 N. The high entropy alloy layer has a high bonding strength to the substrate. The surface hardness of the HEA layer is high, reaching 715 HV, nearly twice that of the substrate. The high entropy alloy layer has good wear resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raman spectroscopy is very sensitive to the U‐O bonding strength changes under high pressure, and it could reveal important information about the bonding and stoichiometry of the U‐O systems. The pressure and temperature (P–T) phase diagram of U3O8 was investigated by Raman spectroscopy via four independent P–T experimental paths. The phase boundaries between different phases have been determined by the changes in Raman spectra. A new phase (α′‐U3O8) was observed below 233 K at 0.6 GPa or 198 K at zero pressure accompanied by the discontinuities in Raman wavenumber and the new shoulder peak near the B2(6) Raman modes. Upon compressing at low temperature (123 K), the high‐pressure irreversible phase transition from orthorhombic to cubic structure (α′‐δ) was observed at around 11.3 GPa, evidenced by the merging of B2(6) and B′2(6) Raman modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kieferorthopädie: die Zeitschrift für die Praxis is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Traditional adhesives made using urea or phenol formaldehyde are toxic to humans and the environment, and as a result, the industry is very interested in developing bio‐based adhesives. Polyurethane (PU)‐based adhesives are very attractive due to their strong bonding strength, and thermal and chemical stability. Polyols derived from petrochemicals are one of the most important constituents in PU‐based adhesives. Current trends are to find an alternative for petrochemical‐based polyols without compromising the important characteristics of adhesives. In this research, PU adhesives were prepared using soybean oil‐based polyol and isocyanate. Three different diols such as 1,2‐ethanediol (EDO), 1,4‐butanediol (BDO), and 1,6‐hexanediol (HDO) were used to study the effect of crosslinking, amount of crosslinkers (diols), and diol's chain length on the properties of bio‐based adhesives. The adhesive's lap shear strength using metallic and wood coupons was measured. The BDO‐based bio‐adhesives showed the best bonding strength compared to EDO and HDO adhesives. The mechanical strength was observed to be increasing with an increase in the amount of diols up to a certain concentration and then started decreasing. On the oakwood, the bonding strength was increased from 3 to 6.36 MPa after incorporating 10 wt% of BDO which was the highest bonding strength observed among all the other adhesives. The thermal and chemical stability of these adhesives were also studied. Structural characterization confirms no significant changes after being immersed in different solvents for 24 h. This work introduces a sustainable alternative to petroleum‐based adhesives using polyols from vegetable oil. Highlights: Soybean oil‐based polyol was used for adhesives.1,2‐Ethanediol, 1,4‐butanediol, and 1,6‐hexanediol were used as crosslinkers.The bonding strength was measured using wood and metallic coupons.The bonding strength was observed to be increasing with an increase in the amount of diols.The highest bonding strength of 6.36 MPa was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review aims to evaluate whether the application of antioxidant solutions can enhance the bond strength of resin-based materials to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-treated dentin. This study follows the PICOT strategy: population (sodium hypochlorite-treated dentin), intervention (application of antioxidants), control (distilled water), outcome (bond strength), and type of studies (in vitro studies). The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases were searched for in vitro studies evaluating the effects of antioxidants on bond strength to sodium hypochlorite-treated dentin. Two independent reviewers screened articles, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to compare standardized mean differences in bond strength between antioxidant pretreatment and control groups. Inclusion criteria consisted of in vitro studies that examined the bond strength of resin-based materials to NaOCl-treated dentin with antioxidant application, while exclusion criteria included studies with incomplete data, those not using a control group, or those that did not directly measure bond strength. From 3041 initial records, 29 studies were included in the qualitative analysis and 25 in the meta-analysis. Ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, grape seed extract, green tea, and rosmarinic acid significantly improved bond strength to sodium hypochlorite-treated dentin (p < 0.05). The effectiveness of grape seed extract varied with adhesive system type. Hesperidin, p-toluene sulfonic acid, and sodium thiosulfate did not significantly improve bond strength. Most studies had a high risk of bias. This suggests that the conclusions drawn from these studies should be interpreted with caution, and further research with more robust methodologies may be needed to confirm the findings. In conclusion, this systematic review implies that certain antioxidants can improve bond strength to sodium hypochlorite-treated dentin, with efficacy depending on the specific agent and adhesive system used. Further standardized studies are needed to optimize protocols and confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of two different lasers and their use in combination with hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching on the surface roughness of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramics and their shear bond strength (SBS) to composite resin. Materials and Methods: The five study groups were as follows: (1) Group H = HF etching; (2) Group N = Nd:YAG (neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser; (3) Group NH = Nd:YAG laser + HF gel; (4) Group E = Er:YAG (erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser; and (5) Group EH = Er:YAG laser + HF gel. Surface roughness was assessed using a noncontact profilometer, and SBS tests were conducted with a universal testing machine. Results: The mean SBS values were 16.23 ± 1.77 MPa for Group H, 17.1 ± 1.65 MPa for Group N, 16.65 ± 1.11 MPa for Group NH, 8.08 ± 1.12 MPa for Group E, and 11.58 ± 0.82 MPa for Group EH. There were significant differences between groups E and EH (P < .001) but no significant differences (P > .05) among the other groups. Conclusions: Clinicians may prefer Nd:YAG laser or the combination of Nd:YAG and HF to intraorally repair fractured areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adsorption of toxic substances is an important research field. In this work, the adsorption dynamics of halogenated and methylated benzenes onto hydroxylated silica upon photoexcitation has been investigated theoretically. The intermolecular interaction between the hydroxy (OH) group and the π electron density at the center of the benzene ring was also a major subject. In the ground state, the order of calculated adsorption energy was consistent with the OH⋅⋅⋅C bond strengths (SiO2–MeBe > SiO2–DimeBe > SiO2–BrBe > SiO2–ClBe > SiO2–FBe > SiO2–Be), implying this bond to be the major contributor to the adsorption. Upon photoexcitation to the first excited (S1) state by adsorbing shortwave-ultraviolet (UV), the OH⋅⋅⋅C bonds in each complex were strengthened with only the order of the bond strengths of SiO2–DimeBe and SiO2–MeBe reversed relative to the order in the ground state. In contrast to OH⋅⋅⋅C bonds, the OH⋅⋅⋅π bonds were all indicated to weaken upon photoexcitation. The results showed that the order of OH⋅⋅⋅π bond strengths in the S1 state to be SiO2–FBe > SiO2–BrBe > SiO2–DimeBe > SiO2–Be > SiO2–ClBe > SiO2–MeBe. However, the change in the corresponding adsorption energy was inconsistent with the order of OH⋅⋅⋅C bond strengths in the S1 state, due to the degree of weakening of the OH⋅⋅⋅π bond being greater than the degree of strengthening of the OH⋅⋅⋅C bonds. These changes were concluded to be induced by local excitation for each of the six complexes. This work has presented the photophysical dynamics of an adsorbent before and after photoexcitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the effects of different bonding agents and application of glaze on the shear bond strength (SBS) between monolithic zirconia (MZ) and indirect composite (IC). Materials and Methods: Five different bonding agents (G-Premio Bond [GP]; Tokuyama Universal Bond [TU]; Signum Zirconia bond [SZ]; Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus [CCP]; Z-Prime Plus [ZP]) were applied to a total of 200 MZ disk-shaped specimens (n = 100 glazed and 100 nonglazed). Half of the specimens then underwent thermocycling and the other half no thermocycling (n = 10 specimens each subgroup). The experimental setup was prepared as two pieces according to the ISO TR 11405 standards. Specimens embedded in acrylic resin were placed into the experimental setup and a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analyses. Bonferroni correction was then performed, and test results with P < .05 were accepted as statistically significant. Results: The application of glaze significantly enhanced SBS when ZP or CCP was used; however, it did not have any significant effect when GP, TU, or SZ were used. Thermocycling significantly decreased the SBS in all bonding agent groups except GP specimens with glaze (P = .16). The highest SBS in all conditions was noted when GP and TU were used. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the bonding agents GP and TU may be recommended for better bonding between MZ and IC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel strategy for adjusting the Cd-S bond energy through morphology engineering is proposed. • The synthesized hollow hemispherical CdS (H-CdS) exhibits strengthened Cd-S bonds. • Engineered H-CdS achieves outstanding intrinsic photocatalytic stability. • Relationship among morphology, surface energy, bond energy and photocorrosion resistance is revealed. Effectively mitigating photocorrosion is paramount for achieving high-efficiency and sustainable hydrogen production through photocatalytic water splitting over CdS. In this work, we develop a morphology engineering strategy with adjustable Cd-S bond energy through a simple chemical bath deposition method to synthesize novel hollow hemispherical CdS (H-CdS). The morphologic structure CdS can be precisely controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature, time and pH. Compared with common morphologies of CdS, H-CdS, with its reinforced Cd-S bonding, exhibits not only improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity (20.04 mmol/g/h) but also exceptional resistance to photocorrosion, resulting in outstanding cyclic stability even without the aid of cocatalysts or the introduction of other semiconductors. Comprehensive characterizations reveal that the photocorrosion resistance of H-CdS stems from the high Cd-S bond strength. Moreover, in-situ infrared spectroscopy confirms alterations in the properties and activities of the various CdS morphologies after photocatalytic reaction due to photocorrosion. We thoroughly describe the relationship among morphology, surface energy, bond energy and photocorrosion resistance. Our findings present a novel strategy for mitigating the photocorrosion of CdS and offer valuable insights for future research on CdS photocatalysts aimed at stable water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Introducing sacrificial bonds is a common method for increasing the toughness of hydrogels. Many sacrificial bonds have been extensively investigated, but the sacrifice efficiency has never been studied. In this study, polyacrylamide hydrogels with highly entangled polymer chains containing carboxyl–zirconium (–COO−–Zr4+) sacrificial bonds are prepared to study the effect of polymer chain entanglement on the sacrificial bond efficiency. Unlike chemical crosslinking points, the dense physical entanglements do not affect the toughness (∼43 MJ/m3) of hydrogels but significantly improve the tensile strength (by two times) and Young's modulus (by six times). Physical entanglements enable the chains to slide and adjust the network structure under stress, which enables more polymer chains and sacrificial bonds to participate in the deformation process. Therefore, dense entanglements will greatly improve the sacrifice efficiency. However, a high density of chemical crosslinking points will limit the improvement in the sacrifice efficiency, which is attributed to the sliding limitations because of physical entanglement. The highly entangled polyacrylamide hydrogels toughened by –COO−–Zr4+ have an excellent load-bearing capacity. This study provides a novel strategy for designing hydrogels with ultra-high strength and toughness, which paves the way for the development of many hydrogels used in engineering materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of porcelain industry in northern China and the subsequent emergence of white porcelain production during the Northern dynasties (386–581 CE) played a pivotal role in shaping the historical trajectory of Chinese ceramics. Xing kiln is one of China's earliest and most representative white porcelain kilns. Herein, we investigated 23 porcelain sherds from the Neiqiu Xing kiln site during the late Northern dynasties and the early Sui dynasty (550–600 CE) from the perspective of firing temperature, firing atmosphere, and microstructure using a dilatometer, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the early Xing porcelains were fired at high firing temperatures exceeding 1200°C with a reducing flame, and the adjustment of temperature promotes the emergence of early white porcelain. Moreover, the higher firing temperature of early Xing porcelain leads to the dominance of a glassy phase within the glaze, and the high bonding strength of the glaze and body caused by the body–glaze interaction layer formed with dense anorthite crystals. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the firing technology in the Xing kiln and even in North China during the late sixth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a noticeable research gap concerning the durability of recycled concrete, a pivotal resource for fostering urban sustainable development. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the bonding characteristics between complete carbonation recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) and reinforcing steel. Test specimens were meticulously prepared, incorporating five distinct replacement ratios (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100%) of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). These specimens were subsequently categorized into two groups: one featuring stirrup reinforcement and the other devoid of it. Following accelerated carbonation, pull-out tests were diligently conducted. The outcomes of these tests revealed that specimens with stirrup reinforcement exhibited pull-out failure, whereas those without stirrup reinforcement underwent splitting failure. As the replacement ratio of RCA increased in complete carbonation pull-out specimens, there was an observed decrease in bond strength, slip value, and steel strain. Relative to natural concrete (NC), RAC70 exhibited a decrease in ultimate bond strength of 1.46 MPa, whereas RAC100 showed a decrease of 1.63 MPa. Additionally, the bond-slip curve displayed a diminished slope with higher replacement ratios. Furthermore, the peak value of the bond stress distribution curve shifted toward the free end with an increasing RCA replacement ratio. Complete carbonation recycled concrete exhibited heightened compressive strength, improved bond strength, and a steeper ascending segment in the bond-slip curve. The ultimate bond strength of NC-confined specimens increased by 26.76%. Conversely, for specimens with 70% and 100% replacement rates, the ultimate bond strength only increased by 9.55% and 3.89%, respectively. Furthermore, a constitutive relationship model for the bond slip between complete carbonation recycled concrete and reinforcing steel was formulated based on the empirical findings. Ultimately, the bond stress distribution curve reveals two peak points, observed near the loading end and the free end, respectively, with a more pronounced gap between the two peaks after complete carbonation. As the replacement rate of recycled aggregates increased, the maximum bond stress tended to shift toward the free end. When the replacement rate reached 100%, the gap between the two peak points significantly diminished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world has abundant marine resources, and the use of seawater, sea sand, and coral instead of seawater, river sand, and gravel can compensate for the lack of traditional building materials for marine engineering construction. Additionally, glass fiber–reinforced polymers (GFRPs) have excellent corrosion resistance and can effectively solve the corrosion problem of steel reinforcement in harsh environments. The bond performance between GFRP bars and sea sand–coral concrete (SSCC) is an important factor in deciding whether this approach can be applied in actual projects such as RC. In this study, the effects of the SSCC strength grade, diameter, bond length, and rib height on the bond performance between GFRP bars and SSCC were investigated using direct pullout tests. The bond performance between GFRP bars and SSCC was compared with that between GFRP bars and ordinary concrete (OC). Furthermore, the microstructure and damage characteristics of the GFRP bars and SSCC were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The test results show that the main failure modes of the specimens include GFRP bar pullout failure and SSCC splitting failure. The rib height has a greater effect on the bond performance, and in specimens with a strength grade of SSCC25, diameter of 12 mm, and bond length of 5d , the bond strength between a deep-ribbed GFRP bar and the SSCC was 75.6% greater than that of specimens with a shallow-ribbed GFRP bar. The bond strength between the GFRP bars and SSCC decreased with increasing diameter and bond length, but the bond stiffness was almost the same. When the diameter increased from 8 to 14 mm, the bond length increased from 3d to 7d , and the bond strength decreased by 57.3% and 36.9% respectively. The bond strength and bond stiffness increased with increasing strength grade of the SSCC. Moreover, SEM showed that the surface damage of GFRP bars with pullout failure was severe, whereas the surface integrity of GFRP bars with splitting failure specimens was better. Based on the experimental results, the bond–slip constitutive model of the GFRP bar with SSCC yielded satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural assemblies produced using three-dimensional (3D) concrete printing consist of multiple layers of extruded material deposited along precise trajectories. The stress response of the printed assembly relies on the stress transfer between the individual layers. The interface tensile bond strength formed between extruded layers is less than the tensile strength of the extruded parent material in the printing direction. The interface tensile bond strength decreases with an increase in the time gap between layers, which ranges from a few seconds to tens of minutes. Crack propagation was evaluated in a beam made of multiple printed layers using two-dimensional (2D) digital image correlation. The crack propagates by penetrating the interface between layers printed with smaller time intervals. Crack deflection occurs at the interface before the crack emerges into the next layer because the bond between the layers weakens with an increasing time gap. Decreasing bond strength between layers results in significant crack propagation along the interface and even a doubly deflected crack at the interface. A linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM)-based formulation of a crack impinging normally on a bimaterial interface was used to provide insights into crack propagation at a layer interface in a printed assembly. The crack deflection at the interface is interpreted as a decrease in the critical interface energy release rate (Gintc) relative to the critical fracture energy release rate for penetration (Gmc). The reduction in the Gintc to values lower than a threshold value of Gmc produces a deflection in the crack path at the interface. Crack propagation along the interface results in a mixed-mode fracture condition, and Gintc contains contributions from Modes 1 and 2. The continued decrease of Gintc relative to Gmc produces a doubly deflected crack at the interface between layers. The crack deflection into the interface provides a rational reference for identifying strong and weak interfaces between the layers. The reduced capacity of the interface for identifying a weak interface leading to a cold joint can be identified using a fracture-based evaluation of crack deflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon fiber–reinforced polymer–steel composite bars (C-FSCBs) and coral sea-sand aggregate seawater concrete (CSSC) are attractive choices as construction materials for island and atoll engineering construction. Understanding the bond behavior between the C-FSCB and CSSC is crucial for evaluating the mechanical properties of C-FSCB-reinforced CSSC structures. In this study, the bond–slip behavior between the C-FSCB and CSSC was experimentally assessed via pullout tests. The influence of various factors on the bond behavior was discussed, and the bond mechanism between the C-FSCB and CSSC was analyzed. The results indicate that, unlike steel bars, the low rigidity of fiber-reinforced polymer caused surface fiber stripping (i.e., shear damage) of the C-FSCB after interface slip, consequently reducing the squeezing fragmentation of concrete between the ribs. As the diameter and bond length of the C-FSCB increased, the bond strength decreased. Compared to specimens with C-FSCBs, the bond strength of specimens with steel bars of the same diameter increased by 17.9%. The degree of coarse aggregate fracture at the CSSC interface in the splitting failure was much higher than that of normal concrete. Based on existing research data, a formula for calculating the bond strength of C-FSCBs in CSSC has been established to determine the anchorage length of C-FSCBs, and the calculated values accurately predicted the test values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significant influence of the geometric properties of the rebar surface on the bond behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-reinforced concrete (RC) members is not adequately covered in current design provisions. Twenty-four hinged-type glass FRP (GFRP)-RC specimens have been tested in the present study to investigate the effect of concrete strength, embedment length, confinement conditions, and surface geometric properties of GFRP rebars on the flexural bond behavior of the specimens. It has been observed that the bond strength between the GFRP rebars and the concrete can be increased (up to 15%) by altering the surface geometric properties of the GFRP rebars. The effect of surface geometry is more pronounced in higher-strength confined concrete specimens with an embedment length of GFRP rebars equal to five times the diameter (d) of the rebar as compared to the other tested specimens. Confinement reinforcement has also been observed to increase the bond strength of the tested specimens by 10%–18%. Furthermore, the effect of the test variables on the mode of failure and the postpeak behavior of the specimens under flexural loading has also been investigated in this study. The findings of the present study strongly demonstrate the necessity of a contribution factor that considers the surface characteristics of GFRP rebars in the estimation of the bond strengths of GFRP-RC members. An equation for bond strength estimation, which considers contributions from bar surface geometry, has also been proposed from the findings of this study. It is imperative that similar factors are incorporated into future versions of design provisions in order to integrate the contributions of bar surface geometries to the bond strength of GFRP-RC members. Practical Applications: The research findings highlight the importance of considering the geometric properties of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebar surfaces in the design of FRP-reinforced concrete (RC) members. The bond strength between the rebar and the concrete can be significantly increased and the overall performance of FRP-RC members can be improved by adequately selecting the surface geometry of FRP rebars. This study also demonstrates the influence of concrete strength, embedment length, and confinement conditions on the bond behavior of FRP-RC members. It is recommended to implement a contribution factor that considers the effect of the surface characteristics in design provisions. A new equation has been proposed for engineers and designers to consider the surface geometry in the calculation of the bond strength of FRP-RC members. Implementing the findings of the present study in future design provisions will enhance the safety and effectiveness of FRP-RC structures, through improved performance and durability in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the effect of office, home, and internal bleaching on the shear bond strength (SBS) of enamel to porcelain laminate veneers. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 extracted maxillary central incisors were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) no bleaching (control); (2) office bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP); (3) home bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide; and (4) intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate (SP) using the walking bleaching technique. All teeth were separately immersed in artificial saliva for 14 days. The enamel surface was then reduced by 0.5 mm, and IPS e.max Press ceramic discs were bonded using a resin cement. After 24 hours, all specimens were thermocycled (5,000 cycles, 5°C to 55°C). The SBS was measured using a universal testing machine, and the failure mode was determined using a stereomicroscope. One-way ANOVA and Tukey honest significant difference tests were used for data analysis (P < .05). Results: A significant difference was noted among the groups (P < .001). The highest SBS was noted in the control group (15.71 ± 5.39 MPa). The mean SBS in the office bleaching group (12.30 ± 4.64 MPa) was almost the same as the control. The lowest mean SBS belonged to the home bleaching group (5.39 ± 3.99 MPa). The mode of failure was adhesive in all four groups. Conclusion: If bleaching is intended to be followed by porcelain veneers, the office bleaching technique with 40% HP is recommended. Delaying the bonding procedure for 2 weeks does not appear to be effective with home or intracoronal bleaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate microtensile bond strength and characterization with the novel lithium disilicate coating technique compared to conventional air abrasion. Materials and Methods: Eight zirconia blocks were fabricated and assigned to two groups (n = 4 each): (1) Lithium disilicate coating followed by hydrofluoric acid etching and Monobond N Primer (LiDi group); and (2) alumina air abrasion (MUL group). For each group, two identically pretreated zirconia blocks were bonded together with Multilink Speed Cement and cut into 30 stick-shaped specimens (1 × 1 × 9 mm3). The 120 specimens were stored in water for 24 hours and assigned to one of three groups (n = 20/group): (1) short-term storage for 24 hours; (2) thermocycling for 5,000 cycles; and (3) thermocycling for 10,000 cycles. A microtensile bond strength test was performed and evaluated. The bond strength results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD (a = .05). Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for chemical, crystalline phase, and failure mode analyses. Results: The MUL groups recorded higher bond strength than the LiDi groups. Thermocycling significantly decreased the bond strength in both groups. Chemical analyses suggested that the lithium disilicate layer underwent hydrolysis, which compromised long-term bond strength. Conclusion: The bond between composite cement and alumina-abraded zirconia performed better than that with the lithium disilicate coating technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supramolecular mechanophores typically exhibit much lower mechanical strengths than covalent counterparts, with strengths usually around 100 pN, which is significantly lower than the nN‐scale strength of covalent bonds. Inspired by the slow dissociation kinetics of the cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7])–hexanoate‐isoquinoline (HIQ) complex, we discovered that charge–dipole repulsion can be utilized to create strong supramolecular mechanophores. When activated at its −COO− state, the CB[7]−HIQ complex exhibits a high mechanical strength of ~700 pN, comparable to weak covalent bonds such as Au−S bonds or thiol–maleimide adducts. The strength of the CB[7]−HIQ complex can also be tuned with pH in a gradual manner, with a minimum value of ~150 pN at its −COOH state, similar to an ordinary supramolecular conjugate. This research may pave the way for the development of supramolecular architectures that combine the advantages of covalent and supramolecular systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to evaluate the influence of repair resin type on repair bond strength in the direct resin restorations through a systematic review. Electronic databases MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, BBO, and LILACS were searched, and the reference lists of relevant studies were further hand-searched. A total of 15,709 articles that were browsed yielding to a final of five studies were included in meta-analysis. Analyses were performed using R software with the 'metafor' package, with standardized mean differences employed. A multi-level meta-analysis was conducted utilizing restricted maximum-likelihood estimates (p ≤.05). In the shear bond strength group, significant heterogeneity was observed (Q = 50.274, p <.0001), whereas no significant heterogeneity was detected in the microtensile bond strength group (Q = 5.102, p =.4063). Separate analyses of both shear bond strength and microtensile bond strength groups showed no statistically significant differences between dissimilar and similar materials (p >.05). Egger's regression indicated no evidence of publication bias in either group. Sensitivity analyses revealed statistically insignificant pooled effect sizes for shear bond strength. In the microtensile group, one study influenced the results when excluded from the analysis. It could be suggested that the repair of composite resin with the same kind of resin composite is not mandatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heterogeneity of natural rocks complicates the study of carbon sequestration within these materials and raises concerns about the reproducibility of experimental results. Consequently, identifying appropriate rock-like materials has become critical. This research examined the impact of various factors—humidity, binder content, curing period, and cold pressure—on the bond strength of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) through orthogonal testing. The tests utilized a molar ratio of MgO to MgCl2-6H2O to H2O of 7:1:18. Both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the hydration reactions of MOC and to explore the correlation between the microstructure of the SiO2-MgO-MgCl2 system and its bonding characteristics. The findings indicated that a 5% relative humidity enhances the 7-day bond strength of MOC. Moreover, increasing the curing humidity to 60% relative humidity supports the ongoing hydration of the strength-contributing phases. A binder content ranging from 15% to 25% proved optimal, yielding samples with superior strength and stiffness. While cold pressing initially enhances the bonding properties of MOC, solution loss during the process adversely affects its long-term bonding characteristics. From a mechanical standpoint, the silica-magnesium oxide-magnesium chloride system demonstrates exceptional early strength and resilience, positioning it as a promising rock-like material system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study on the influence of the layered casting technology of self-compacting concrete (SCC) on the load-bearing capacity of interlayer bond in slab elements. The research was conducted on slab elements with dimensions of 750 × 750 × 150 mm, concreted from a single point of concrete delivery. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of the height of the concreting top layer on the bond strength between the layers. The study utilised top layer heights of 50, 75, and 100 mm, which, according to the authors' experience, are the most common cases when making slab elements. The interlayer bond was determined by investigating the splitting tensile strength of cubic specimens cut from the concrete slabs. Computed tomography (CT) was employed to image the contact zone between the concrete layers. Based on the analysis of the CT imaging and the results of the strength tests, it was shown that the interlayer bond is influenced by both the height of the top layer and its free-spread distance from the casting point. A reduction in the interlayer bond strength was observed with decreasing the height of the top layer and increasing distance from the mixture supply point. The relationships obtained were linear and had a clearly negative slope. It was concluded that the valid recommendations and standards for the multilayer casting of SCC are too general. Therefore, we propose to detail the recommendations to reduce the risk of cold joints, which diminish the bond strength of the interlayer joints [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By employing a cyclic warm rolling technique, MoCu30 alloy sheets of different thicknesses were prepared to investigate the effects of various rolling reduction rates on the microstructure and mechanical properties of MoCu30 alloys. Additionally, the evolution of microscale heterogeneous deformation during the tensile process was observed based on DIC technology. This study reveals that Mo–Cu interfaces at different deformation rates exhibit an amorphous interlayer of 0.5–1.0 μm thickness, which contributes to enhancing the bond strength of Mo–Cu interfaces. As the rolling reduction rate increased, the grain size of the MoCu30 alloy gradually decreased, whereas the dislocation density and hardness increased. Furthermore, the yield strength and tensile strength of the MoCu30 alloy increased gradually, whereas the elongation decreased. At a deformation rate of 74% (2 mm), the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of the MoCu30 alloy were 647.9 MPa, 781.8 MPa, and 11.7%, respectively. During the tensile process of Mo–Cu dual-phase heterogeneous material, a unique hierarchical strain banding was formed, which helps to suppress strain localization and prevent premature plastic instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of tapioca starch (TP) on mortar was evaluated by incorporating TP into the mortar mixture. The evaluation involved analyzing the mortar's quality characteristics, performance, and fundamental quality improvements. The addition of TP resulted in a decrease in flow, which was attributed to increased viscosity. Specifically, a 10% reduction in flow was observed with a 0.025% increase in TP content. After 28 days, the impact of TP on the compressive strength of the mortar remained consistent, regardless of the TP amount. However, within the first 3 days, higher TP content accelerated strength development, with early compressive strength increasing by up to 20% at a 0.050% TP level. Additionally, bond strength improved by approximately 60% at a 0.050% TP concentration, and final shrinkage was reduced by 5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the long-term bonding performance to lithium disilicate (LDS) ceramic between one-bottle and two-bottle bonding agents. Bonding performance was investigated under these LDS pretreatment conditions: with hydrofluoric acid (HF) only, without HF, with a two-bottle bonding agent (Tokuyama Universal Bond II) only. Shear bond strengths between LDS and nine resin cements (both self-adhesive and conventional adhesive types) were measured at three time periods: after one-day water storage (Base), and after 5000 and 20,000 thermocycles (TC 5k and TC 20k respectively). Difference in degradation between one- and two-bottle bonding agents containing the silane coupling agent was compared by high-performance liquid chromatography. With HF pretreatment, bond strengths were not significantly different among the three time periods for each resin cement. Without HF, ESTECEM II and Super-Bond Universal showed significantly higher values than others at TC 5k and TC 20k when treated with the recommended bonding agents, especially at TC 20k. Difference in degradation between one- and two-bottle bonding agents containing the silane coupling agent was compared by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For both cements, these values at TC 20k were also not significantly different from pretreatment with only Tokuyama Universal Bond II. For LDS, long-term bond durability could be maintained by pretreatment with Tokuyama Universal Bond II instead of the hazardous HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of heat treatment on the correlation between interfacial mechanical properties and microstructure in CVI-SiC f /PyC/SiC composites was systematically investigated. The results reveal a progressive reduction in the average interfacial bond strength, interfacial shear stress, and interfacial debonding energy within the composites as the heat treatment temperature increases, especially beyond 1350 °C. This decline can be attributed to the attenuation of the SiC f /PyC interfacial bond strength arising from the contraction in fiber volume induced by the precipitation of Cansas-3 fibers. After push-in testing, SiC f /PyC/SiC composites heat-treated at or below 1350 °C displayed fibers in a compressed state. Conversely, composites exposed to extended heat treatment at 1400 °C or higher maintained fibers in an ejected state after push-in testing. Moreover, the composites heat-treated at 1450 °C and 1500 °C demonstrated fibers that were spontaneously ejected subsequent to cross-section polishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the origin of low thermal conductivities in ionic conductors is essential for improving their thermoelectric efficiency, although accompanying high ionic conduction may present challenges for maintaining thermoelectric device integrity. This study investigates the thermal and ionic transport in Cu7PSe6, aiming to elucidate their fundamental origins and correlation with the structural and dynamic properties. Through a comprehensive approach including various characterization techniques and computational analyses, it is demonstrated that the low thermal conductivity in Cu7PSe6 arises from structural complexity, variations in bond strengths, and high lattice anharmonicity, leading to pronounced diffuson transport of heat and fast ionic conduction. It is found that upon increasing the temperature, the ionic conductivity increases significantly in Cu7PSe6, whereas the thermal conductivity remains nearly constant, revealing no direct correlation between ionic and thermal transport. This absence of direct influence suggests innovative design strategies in thermoelectric applications to enhance stability by diminishing ionic conduction, while maintaining low thermal conductivity, thereby linking the domains of solid‐state ionics and thermoelectrics. Thus, this study attempts to clarify the fundamental principles governing thermal and ionic transport in Cu+‐superionic conductors, similar to recent findings in Ag+ argyrodites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]