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The paper deals with the application of recent top scientific attainments, which allow purposeful obtaining both the maximum and the reasonable crop yields. Maximum possible yield is necessary in plant genetic research to determine the yield genetically set in the new plant variety or hybrid. Practically reasonable crop yield is economically acceptable to be obtained in agricultural practices. For the first time, both new ecotechnology for monitoring, estimating and managing the water status (EMEMWS) and new scientific bridge between water and nutrient statuses (SBWNS) enable us to estimate and create appropriate conditions for different crops in each field. The EMEMWS is a Decision Support System (DSS) for precise management in agriculture. Its version for scientific research was checked. The version for friendly and easy application by farmers can be created as market tool product. Both scientific (EMEMWS and SBWNS) attainments are verified under field conditions. These are managing tools for obtaining planned amount and quality of crop yield in each agricultural field. Using it, the farmer saves energy (electrical, from fuel, etc.), irrigation water, nutrients for plant, and human labour in agricultural practices. This way, the farmer minimises or completely removes the losses of soluble substances, which pollute the surface and underground water and soil. The EMEMWS substitutes the periodical sampling for soil moisture determination and the use of other methods for local (point) measuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiogenesis is the process of generating new blood vessels from preexisting vessels and is considered essential in many pathological conditions. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of aspartame on angiogenesis in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and wound-healing models as well as in vitro 2,3-bis-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and tube formation assays. In CAM assay, aspartame increased angiogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, aspartame has significantly increased vessel proliferation (p < 0.001). In addition, in vivo rat model of skin wound-healing study showed that aspartame group had better healing than control group, and this was statistically significant at p < 0.05. There was a slight proliferative effect of aspartame on human umbilical vein endothelial cells on XTT assay in vitro, but it was not statistically significant; and there was no antiangiogenic effect of aspartame on tube formation assay in vitro. These results provide evidence that aspartame induces angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo; so regular use may have undesirable effect on susceptible cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paraquat (PQ) is a well-known quaternary nitrogen herbicide. The major target organ in PQ poisoning is the lung. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation play a crucial role in the development of PQ-induced pulmonary injury. Neopterin is synthesized in macrophage by interferon γ and other cytokines. We aimed to evaluate the utility of neopterin as a diagnostic marker in PQ-induced lung toxicity. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (sham and PQ), administered intraperitoneally 1 mL saline and PQ (15 mg/kg/mL) respectively. Blood samples and lungs were collected for analyses. Lung injury and fibrosis were seen in the PQ group. Serum total antioxidant capacity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lung transforming growth factor-1β (TGF-1β) levels were significantly higher than the sham group (in all, p < 0.001). In addition, in the PQ group, serum neopterin and lung malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also significantly higher than the sham group (in all, p = 0.001). Serum neopterin levels were correlated with LDH activities, lung MDA, lung TGF-1β levels, and the degree of lung injury. These findings demonstrated that oxidative stress, reduction of antioxidant capacity, and inflammation play a crucial role in the PQ-induced lung injury. Elevated serum neopterin levels may be a prognostic parameter to determine extends of PQ-induced lung toxicity. Further studies may be performed to clarify the role of neopterin by different doses of PQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we purpose to study some approximation properties of the one and two variables of the Bernstein-Schurer-type operators and associated GBS (Generalized Boolean Sum) operators on a symmetrical mobile interval. Firstly, we define the univariate Bernstein-Schurer-type operators and obtain some preliminary results such as moments, central moments, in connection with a modulus of continuity, the degree of convergence, and Korovkin-type approximation theorem. Also, we derive the Voronovskaya-type asymptotic theorem. Further, we construct the bivariate of this newly defined operator, discuss the order of convergence with regard to Peetre’s K-functional, and obtain the Voronovskaya-type asymptotic theorem. In addition, we consider the associated GBS-type operators and estimate the order of approximation with the aid of mixed modulus of smoothness. Finally, with the help of the Maple software, we present the comparisons of the convergence of the bivariate Bernstein-Schurer-type and associated GBS operators to certain functions with some graphical illustrations and error estimation tables.