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A novel test method is proposed to evaluate mixed mode II and III interlaminar fracture toughness of composite laminates. The method is a well-improved test method of the split cantilever test method and easy to conduct, while a computational analysis is necessary to specify the critical toughness values. The aim of the test is to obtain mixed mode fracture toughness. The twisting force that exists in the case of the split cantilever test method is avoided by making the specimen symmetric by introducing two symmetrically located delaminations. By the present method, the two cracks grow stably keeping their configuration with the increase of applied displacement, that is, stable self-similar crack growth is realized. The energy release rate can be numerically evaluated from the experimentally obtained data, such as, the applied load (or applied displacement) as well as the crack configuration. The energy release rate varies along the curved crack front and the dependence of the mixed mode critical energy r...

Elastic layer-structured metal organic frameworks (ELMs) having flexible two-dimensional structure show a gate phenomenon in sorption/desorption of simple gas molecules. The gate phenomenon is accompanied by expansion/shrinkage of the layers. The gas sorption/desorption is not based on a physical adsorption, but on a chemical reaction, which includes high cooperativity. The cooperative reaction could be analyzed thermodynamically. The gate phenomenon showed advantages in separation of CO2 from mixed gases and in storage of CH4 owing to easy release of absorbed molecules.

It is important to study the interaction between water molecules and a host structure for understanding the adsorption mechanism of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials. The evolution of the structure of a flexible Cu-MOF, {[Cu(bpy)(H2O)2(BF4)2](bpy)} (bpy=4,4'-bipyridine), upon dehydration and rehydration was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water adsorption. A nearly reversible structural change was observed upon rehydration. More importantly, a unique CO2 "gate adsorption" phenomenon was observed despite the exposure of the Cu-MOF to water. This shows that the Cu-MOF has relatively good stability after exposure to water.

Mikulicz's disease (MD) has been considered part of primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) since Morgan's report in 1953. However, MD shows a unique condition involving persistent swelling of the lachrymal and salivary glands characterized by good responsiveness to glucocorticoids, leading to the recovery of gland function. Recently, it has been revealed that MD patients show elevated serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) concentrations and prominent infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells. The complications of MD include autoimmune pancreatitis, retroperotoneal fibrosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, autoimmune hypophysitis, and Riedel's thyroiditis, all of which show IgG4 involvement in their pathogenesis. Thus, MD is a systemic IgG4-plasmacytic disease. On the other hand, Kuttner's tumor (KT) is chronic sclerosing sialadenitis that presents with asymmetrical firm swelling of the submandibular glands. Immunohistochemical analyses have revealed that a proportion of IgG4-positive plasma cells was also elevated in KT. MD and KT differ from SS and are thought to possibly form a singular systemic IgG4-related plasmacytic disease.

The formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) at the surface of a SWNT electrode was investigated by SEM, TEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. These analyses were carried out at different charge-discharge cycles, showing the cycle dependent character of the SEI formation. The changes in chemical species of SEI with increased number of cycles have been examined. This study shows by XRD, that inorganic species of SEI are LiF and Li2CO3, and that the SEI formation depends on the number of discharge-charge cycles.

Calcium signaling systems are widely employed in eukaryotes and are implicated in the regula- tion of diverse biological processes. Calcineurin is an important signaling component, which mediates ion homeostasis and virulence in several fungi. Based on intensive studies conducted on budding yeast, transcription factor Crz1p is thought to be a target of calcineurin. To provide insight into calcium signaling, a Crz1p homolog (CrzA) in a filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans was identified and its function with special reference to calcium response was characterized. A crzA gene disruption mutant exhibited sensitivity to high concentrations of Mn 2? and Ca 2? , and mediated the expression of P-type calcium- ATPase homologous genes. Comprehensive transcriptional analysis with DNA microarrays indicated that CrzA regu- lates the expression of a vacuolar Ca 2? /H ? exchanger gene in response to external calcium stimuli. It is suggested that the calcineurin-CrzA pathway is the mediator of Ca 2? homeostasis in A. nidulans. Moreover, a crzA/hogA double mutant showed hypersensitivity to osmotic stress, indicat- ing the importance of calcium homeostasis for adaptation to osmotic stress, a universal stress in filamentous fungi.

The crystal structure of [Cu(4,4'-bipyridine) 2(CF 3SO 3) 2] n metal-organic framework (CuBOTf) of one-dimensional pore networks after pre-evacuation at 383 K was determined with synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction measurement. Effective nanoporosity of the pre-evacuated CuBOTf was determined with N 2 adsorption at 77 K. The experimental H 2 and D 2 adsorption isotherms of CuBOTf at 40 and 77 K were measured and then compared with GCMC-simulated isotherms using the effective nanoporosity. The quantum-simulated H 2 and D 2 isotherms at 77 K using the Feynman-Hibbs effective potential coincided with the experimental ones, giving a direct evidence on the quantum molecular sieving effect for adsorption of H 2 and D 2 on CuBOTf. However, the selectivity for the 1:1 mixed gas of H 2 and D 2 was 1.2. On the contrary, experimental H 2 and D 2 isotherms at 40 K had an explicit adsorption hysteresis, originating from the marked pore blocking effect on measuring the adsorption branch. The blocking effect for quantum H 2 is more prominent than that for quantum D 2; the selectivity for D 2 over H 2 at 40 K was in the range of 2.6 to 5.8. The possibility of the quantum molecular sieving effect for H 2 and D 2 adsorption on [Cu 3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) 2(H 2O) 3] n of three-dimensional pore networks was also shown at 77 K.

Today, the number of services, which includes large information contents like high-definition movies, is rapidly increasing. The graded-index plastic optical fiber (GI-POF) has been proposed as a solution. The conventional fabrication method of GI-POF, however, is unsuitable for mass production. Therefore, we propose the dopant diffusion coextrusion process for fabricating high-bandwidth GI-POF. It has been generally thought that formation mechanism of refractive-index distribution in optical polymer materials by this process would be a Fick's diffusion with constant diffusion coefficient and, therefore, has a tailing part at the core-cladding boundary. Contrary to predictions, we succeed in fabricating GI-POF with an almost optimum-index distribution. It is made evident by experiments and simulation that the formation mechanism of GI-POF by this process is a Fick's diffusion with diffusion coefficient dependent on dopant concentration. These results indicate high possibility of fabrication of high-bandwidth fibers of a polymethyl methacrylate-diphenyl sulfide system by the dopant diffusion coextrusion process.

We showed water adsorption isotherms at 303 K on water-resistant three-dimensional (3-D) pillared-layer metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with 1-D semi-rectangular pores, of which size depends on the length of ligand. The shapes of all three adsorption isotherms are type I by IUPAC classification showing strong water-MOFs interaction. The adsorbed amount of water molecules on the hydrophilic site of carboxylic group in 2-D sheets coincided with the crystal water amount. The adsorption on the hydrophilic sites occurs at similar relative pressure even if the used ligand is different.

A clinical study was performed on 77 patients with parotid tumors who had undergone surgery in the past five years. Benign tumors were observed in 64 patients and malignant tumors in 13 patients. The most common benign tumor was pleomorphic adenoma, followed by Warthin's tumor. Malignant lymphoma was the most common malignant tumor, followed by acinic cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The results of preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology were compared with postoperative pathologic findings. Sensitivity for malignancy was 33.3%, specificity was 100%, and accuracy was 76.5%. Multiple preoperative examinations were necessary to establish the correct diagnosis.

The synthesis, crystal structures, and adsorption properties of a series of pillared layered copper phosphonates are reported herein. A hydrothermal reaction of copper oxide, 1,3,5-benzenetriphosphonic acid (BTP = H6bpt), and N-donor ligands with different lengths gives three new and one previously reported copper organophosphonates. X-ray crystal structural analyses revealed that compound 1, [Cu2(H4btp)2(pyr)] (pyr = pyrazine), forms a dense 3D network structure without open pores, and on the other hand, compounds 2–4, [Cu2(H2btp)(H2O)2(L)] (L = bipyridine for 2, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene for 3, and 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane for 4), show topologically identical pillared layered frameworks with micropores. The framework structures are composed of copper phosphonate layers and N-donor ligands expanding the interlayer distances. Guest water molecules occupy the pores and are removable by drying treatment. Compounds 2–4 adsorb and desorb water vapor reversibly with structural transformation. Interestingly, compounds 2–4 adsorb ethanol vapor in spite of no adsorption of N2 molecules, indicating selective adsorption properties based not on the molecular size but on the molecular affinities to the surfaces.

Microporous amorphous hydrophobic silica materials with well-defined pores were synthesized by replication of the metal-organic framework (MOF) [Cu3 (1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2 ] (HKUST-1). The silica replicas were obtained by using tetramethoxysilane or tetraethoxysilane as silica precursors and have a micro-meso binary pore system. The BET surface area, the micropore volume, and the mesopore volume of the silica replica, obtained by means of hydrothermal treatment at 423 K with tetraethoxysilane, are 620 m(2) g(-1) , 0.18 mL g(-1) , and 0.55 mL g(-1) , respectively. Interestingly, the silica has micropores with a pore size of 0.55 nm that corresponds to the pore-wall thickness of the template MOF. The silica replica is hydrophobic, as confirmed by adsorption analyses, although the replica has a certain amount of silanol groups. This hydrophobicity is due to the unique condensation environment of the silica precursors in the template MOF.

The supercritical N2, O2, and CH4 adsorption isotherms on a Cu-based metal−organic framework, [Cu(4,4‘-bipyridine)2(BF4)2]n, over the temperature range of 196−303 K were measured by a gravimetric method. The N2 and O2 adsorption isotherms at 196 K showed a vertical adsorption accompanied by a rectangular hysteresis loop. A method of evaluating the absolute adsorption amount of these gases was developed taking into account the intermolecular interactions for the buoyancy-mediated method. The isotherms of the absolute adsorption amount were obviously different from the isotherms of the surface-excess mass adsorption at 196 K. We also obtained isotherms of the absolute adsorption amount of CH4 at different temperatures. The isosteric heat of adsorption from the isotherms of the absolute adsorption amount of CH4 is larger than the liquefaction heat of CH4 at its boiling point by more than 3 kJ mol-1.

Ossifying fibroma is an uncommon benign osteogenic neoplasm arising from cells of the periodontal ligament, typically with a slowly progressive enlargement of the affected bone. The neoplasm sometimes presents with hyperparathyroidism, most of which cases are due to familial parathyroid tumours. We report a rare case of ossifying fibroma of the mandible which showed very rapid growth and presented with primary hyperparathyroidism due to non-familial parathyroid adenoma. Despite improvement of parathyroid dysfunction after removal of the parathyroid adenoma, the tumour continued to grow very aggressively. The case required partial mandibular resection for complete resection of the tumour, and fixation of the remaining mandible with a titanium plate.

Magnesium carbenoids were generated from aryl 1-chloroalkyl sulfoxides with i-PrMgCl in THF at low temperature in quantitative yields. The magnesium carbenoids were found to be reactive with N-lithio alkylamines to afford an olefin, which was derived from dimerization of the magnesium carbenoid, in moderate yield. On the other hand, reaction of the magnesium carbenoids with N-substituted N-lithio arylamines gave non-stabilized α-amino-substituted carbanions in good yields. Reactivity of the α-amino-substituted carbanions with some electrophiles was investigated and it was found that ethyl chloroformate reacted to give α-amino acid derivatives in good yields. As a whole, a new method for one-pot, three-component combined synthesis of α-amino acid derivatives from aryl 1-chloroalkyl sulfoxides was realized.

N2 adsorption on Cu–organic crystals [Cu(bpy)2(BF4)2] (bpy = bipyridine) at 77 K begins suddenly at P/P 0 = 0.1. This unique adsorption is named gate adsorption. Gate adsorption is associated with the change of crystal structure from GCMC and dynamic GCMC simulations. An expansion of 10% opens internal pore spaces in the crystal, giving rise to gate adsorption. The complete filling of the internal spaces with N2 molecules induces an expansion of 30%.

Transgenic plants that produce anti-insect substances are vital in improving crop yields and in reducing the environmental risks of chemical insecticides. Enhancin is a metalloprotease produced in occlusion bodies of the Trichoplusia ni granulovirus (TnGV). It is a key substance that enhances infection of the nucleopolyhedrovirus in lepidopteran insects. Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) protoplasts were cotransformed with pREXΦVEF and pLTHyg, which respectively bear the chimeric enhancin gene and the hygromycin-resistance gene. Hygromycin-resistant regeneration plants were examined by genomic polymerase chain reaction and genomic Southern and northern blotting analyses to confirm the presence and expression of the enhancin gene. Fourteen transgenic plant lines harboring the enhancin gene were obtained, and stable inheritance and expression of the enhancin gene were confirmed in the second, third, and fourth plant generations. Feeding Spodoptera exigua larvae leaves of enhancin-expressing rice plants in the presence of S. exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus occlusion bodies enhanced infection of the virus. Further, the development of Pseudaletia separata, S. exigua, and S. litura, none of which are host insects of TnGV, was inhibited when these larvae were fed enhancin-expressing rice leaves. This indicates that expression of the enhancin gene confers resistance to lepidopteran insect pests in rice.

Novel isomorphous pillared-layer-type crystalline lanthanide 1,3,5-benzenetriphosphonates were prepared with bpy and dbo as organic pillars (LnBP-bpy and LnBP-dbo; Ln: Ce, Pr, and Nd). Ab initio crystal structure solution using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data revealed that the organic pillars do not exist as neutral coordinating ligands but as cationic molecules. Especially the LnBP-dbo phases have ordered interlayer space filled with water molecules between the dbo pillars, and the interlayer water is successfully removed by heating under vacuum with slightly distorted but basically retained pillared layer structures. Microporosity of the materials is confirmed by adsorption of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gases. Such microporous layered metal phosphonates pillared with cationic molecules should be unprecedented and should offer new strategies to design ordered microporous materials.

A 13-yr-old boy who complained of persistent nausea, vomiting and weight loss had hypercalcemia and an elevated intact PTH level. Computed tomography confirmed two tumors in the thyroid gland. The tumors were surgically removed and pathologically confirmed as parathyroid adenoma. Because his maternal aunt and grandmother both had histories of parathyroid tumors, genetic investigation was undertaken for him, and a germline frameshift mutation of the CDC73 gene was identified. CDC73 gene analysis should be done on individuals who are at risk of familial hyperparathyroidism, including those who are asymptomatic, and they should be followed for potential primary hyperparathyroidism and associated disorders including resultant parathyroid carcinoma.

This paper presents a UHS-II SD card controller with 240MB/s write and 260MB/s read throughput. Two opposite direction IO lanes for down- and up-streams are quickly switched as single direction for double data rate, without adding extra IO pins. The proposed clock data recovery (CDR) logic can detect symbols within 20ns and minimizes this lane switching overhead. The developed SLVS-type driver that can reduce the common to differential return loss by 15dB is also introduced to improve the noise tolerance.

1985年から1999年までに当科で根治治療を行った上歯肉，硬口蓋原発扁平上皮癌51例を対象として原発巣制御の治療成績を検討した。この時期における全体の原発巣制御率は70.6%であったが，治療法別では，手術のみ73.3%，根治照射71.4%，術前照射＋手術68%，T分類別ではT1：85.7%，T2：60%，T3：77.8%，T4：80%，術式別では上顎部切69.2%，上顎全摘80%であった。腫瘍の存在部位と原発巣制御の関係をみてみると，口腔前方に腫瘍が存在する場合，制御は良好であったが，後側方や正中に存在する場合で制御が不良であり，再発部位として側頭下窩深部や翼口蓋窩への再発が比較的多く認められた。このような例では救済手術が不可能で，直接的な死因となることが多いため，手術手技上，後方側方への深い浸潤がある例では，できるだけ良好な視野が得られるようなアプローチを充分計画することが大切と思われた。

Lanthanum 1,3,5-benzenetriphosphonate (LBP-II) with layered structure was obtained by a hydrothermal synthesis. LBP-II was successfully exfoliated to give nanosheets as confirmed by AFM observation. Europium or terbium-doped LBP-II as well as their dispersion solutions show photoluminescence.

Treatment of 1-chloroalkyl phenyl sulfoxides with a Grignard reagent at low temperature gave magnesium carbenoids in quantitative yields. The generated magnesium carbenoids were found to be stable at lower than −60 °C for long periods of time and are reactive with Grignard reagents to give alkylated products. The reaction of the generated magnesium carbenoids with various kinds of lithium α-sulfonyl carbanions gave olefins with carbon–carbon bond-formation in good to high yields. This method offers a good way for the preparation of olefins. The scope and limitations of the above-mentioned reactions are described.

In a previous report, the age softening phenomenon of the copper electrodepostits obtained from a copper sulfide plating solution containing a hardener was studied using hardness and SIM measurements. Here results on the continuation of the study of this phenomenon are presented. It was found that for Cu/Ni base plate, the phenomenon called “age softening” at room temperature could be inhibited by adding a polymer containing nitrogen in a concentration of 30 mg/L or above to the plating solution. At 60°C, a concentration of 60 mg/L or above was necessary to inhibit the age softening. It was found that the orientation 100 of the electrodeposits is strengthened in preference to the age softening. On the other hand, adding a concentration of 120 mg/L or above of SPS to a plating solution promotes the age softening at 60°C.

頸動脈を含む周囲軟部組織に浸潤する頭頸部悪性腫瘍に対し, 局所制御の機会を得るため, 頸動脈を含む拡大合併切除が試みられてきた。当科で29年間に実施した血行再建, 非再建例を含む頸動脈切除症例を対象として, 頸動脈切除の合併症および頸動脈切除を含む頭頸部癌摘除術の術後成績について, 回顧的研究を行った。1984年以前は, 頸動脈切除例は全例結紮を行っていた。1996年以降は, 可及的に頸動脈の血行再建を行うこととしている。62例が調査可能であった。頸動脈切除後, 35例が結紮され, 27例が再建された。脳梗塞は13例に発症した。頭頸部扁平上皮癌症例34例を検討した結果, 50%疾患特異的生存期間は12ヶ月であった。5年無病生存率は13%であった。局所再発率は39%であった。手術治療をしない場合の病状の経過とのバランスを十分に考慮して手術適応を決めるべきである。

we reported a case of cervical ectopic thymus in a 5-years-old girl. The mass presenting in the left neck was removed, and the histology showed normal thymic tissue. Preoperative diagnosis was difficult. In the case of cervical mass, diferential diagnosis should include ectopic thymus.

We reported 587 cases of allergic rhinitis in Sapporo General Railway Hospital between April 1995 and March 2000. Radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) were performed for diagnosis of allergic rhinitis.RAST was positive for house dust (HD) in 75.0% of the patients, 71.8% for mite, 40.9% for white birch, 31.6% for grass, and 21.8% for mugwort.It is known the most common pollinosis allergen in Sapporo was once grass pollen. However, it has been reported that birch pollinosis has been gradually increasing in Sapporo and neighboring areas recently.In this study too, the most common pollinosis allergen was birch pollen. RAST was positive in 71% of all pollinosis patients.

An inhibitory effect on the increase in the postprandial blood glucose level was evaluated with a test soft drink containing indigestible dextrin (ID). After 27 healthy volunteers consisting of 14 males and 13 females were given the test soft drink supplemented with ID (6g as dietary fiber) together with a 537 kcal starchy diet, blood glucose levels were determined at 30, 60, and 120 minutes after meal. Additionally, after the same subjects were given a control soft drink without ID together with the same starchy diet, blood glucose levels were determined to compare inhibitory effect on the increase in postprandial blood levels in a cross over experimental design. Subjects were first divided into two groups with a peak blood glucose level at 30 minutes and 60 minutes after meal and they were further divided into two groups the higher and lower blood glucose levels. The effects were comparatively evaluated with the respective subjects between the test and control soft drink ingesting periods.As a result, a clear significant inhibitory effect of the soft drink supplemented with ID on the postprandial blood glucose level in 23 subjects who showed a peak blood glucose level at 30 minutes after diet and 12 subjects who were apt to elevate their blood sugar levels (the former at p

This article traces the development of Japan's immigration policy and the factors which shape its content. The first part discusses the unique aspects of Japan's immigration policy; the second part outlines the development of an integration policy; the third part examines how admission and immigration controls will have to contend with social changes such as globalization and the aging of the Japanese population. The conclusion cites the need to establish a specific office to implement Japan's emerging integration policy.

It was clarified for the first time that the slight attenuation increment observed in the previous poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)-dopant system graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF) we reported originated in the excess scattering loss induced by the aggregation of absorbed water into the POF. Although the PMMA material generally absorbs two weight% of water at maximum, the low attenuation of the conventional step-index (SI) POF whose core material is PMMA can be maintained at 70/spl deg/C, 80% relative humidity (RH) atmosphere because the absorbed water might be homogeneously dispersed without any aggregation in the core of POF. On the other hand, addition of dopant material having higher refractive index than that of PMMA is required to form the refractive index distribution in the GI POF, which decreases the amount of water absorption into polymer, because the dopant material is more hydrophobic than PMMA. Therefore, in spite of the small amount of absorbed water such as 0.5 wt.%, the absorbed water molecules can not be uniformly dispersed but must be aggregated to form heterogeneities in the refractive index of the polymer matrix. It was clarified that a dopant material that is as hydrophilic as PMMA was required to maintain the attenuation of the PMMA-dopant system GI POF under high temperature and high humidity atmosphere, and such a suitable dopant system GI POF was proposed.

A newly developed graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI-POF) with high-temperature and high-humidity stability was proposed. As it was found that the high numerical aperture and high glass transition temperature (T/sub g/) at the core center of the GI-POF were key issues to achieve both high-temperature and humidity stability, a partially fluorinated polymer material was adopted to obtain both characteristics in the GI-POF. The newly developed GI-POF had low-loss (140 dB/km at 650-nm wavelength), high-bandwidth (higher than 1 GHz for 100 m transmission), high-temperature and humidity stability at 70/spl deg/C, 80% relative humidity (R.H.) and low bending loss.

In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As/GaAs 0.5 Sb 0.5 /In 0.52 Al 0.48 As asymmetric type II multiple quantum well (MQW) structures lattice-matched to InP substrates were successfully grown by molecular beam epitaxy . In this structure, a large excitonic absorption change by applying an electric field is expected because of its asymmetric structure. Structural dependence of photoluminescence spectrum and optical absorption spectrum was studied. It was found that the emission wavelength changes from 1.4 to 2.5 μm with increasing the GaAsSb layer thickness from 0 to 70 A, and the thickness dependence of the emission energy agrees fairly well with the calculation. A clear excitonic absorption was observed at 1.5 μm at 300 K in the asymmetric type II MQW structures.

For realizing selective adsorption of targeted molecules, a flexible metal–organic framework (MOF) was modified with monodentate secondary ligands. Although the modified MOF retains CO2 adsorptivities with a vertical adsorption uptake, the material also shows gate adsorptivities of a specific gas molecule that the pristine MOF does not adsorb.

The toughening mechanism in brittle ceramic-matrix composites reinforced with short fibers is analytically studied by considering probabilistic aspects of fiber strength. Energy for broken and/or unbroken fibers to be pulled out is given on the assumption that the resistant force at the fiber interface is uniform along the sliding area. The effect of fiber inclination is incorporated by the introduction of a resistant force proportional to the normal component of the bridging force on the fiber and a stress magnification factor. This considers significant local deformation of the fiber near the crack surface. Fiber breakage is assumed to occur at the randomly distributed flaws whose expected number in a unit length follows a power law of the stress. This assumption is consistent with the fact that the strength of a fibre of a certain length is expressed by a Weibull distribution function. The energy dissipated as a result of fiber pull-out for a unit area of major crack propagation is estimated for continuous unidirectional composites, aligned short-fiber composites and two- and three-dimensional random short-fiber composites.

In0.53Ga0.47As/GaAs0.5Sb0.5 type II quantum well structures lattice-matched to InP substrates are a very attractive material system for mid-infrared lasers in the 2μm wavelength region. It is expected to get longer wavelength laser operation with increasing Sb composition (y) in the GaAs1-ySby layer. This letter reports the Sb composition dependence and the GaAsSb thickness dependence of the photoluminescence properties of the InGaAs/GaAsSb type II MQW structures.

GaAs0.5Sb0.5 lattice matched to InP substrates is a promising material for new photonic devices based on InP. In this paper, the molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth and characterization of GaAs0.5Sb0.5 on (111)B InP substrates were reported. It was found that the Sb mole fraction of the (111)samples is larger than that of the (100)samples. Furthermore, the photoluminescence peak wavelength of the (111)sample (1.46 μm) is shorter than that of the (100)sample (1.54μm), despite the larger Sb mole fraction in the (111)sample. This energy shift observed in the (111)sample may possibly be induced by the decrease in the spontaneous ordering.

Background: The relationship between cerebral and peripheral hemodynamics during the early postnatal period has not been clarified. Objectives: To evaluate cerebral and peripheral oxygenation and blood volumes between term and preterm infants during the first 3 days of life. Materials and Methods: We performed near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy on 32 term infants (term group) and 40 preterm infants (preterm group), with an optode placed on their forehead and upper arm. The cerebral blood volume (CBV), peripheral blood volume (PBV), cerebral Hb oxygen saturation (cSO2) and peripheral Hb oxygen saturation (pSO2) were measured at 3-6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after birth. Results: The CBV in the term group (2.45 ± 0.47 ml/100 g) was significantly higher than that in the preterm group (1.97 ± 0.33 ml/100 g). In contrast to the CBV, the PBV in the preterm group (3.63 ± 0.76 ml/100 g) was significantly higher than that in the term group (3.26 ± 0.56 ml/100 g). In the preterm group, there was a significant positive relationship between the CBVs and PBVs at each time point except at 72 h after birth. Despite the differences in blood volumes, there were no differences in the cSO2 and pSO2 between the two groups. Conclusions: The contrasting results in the CBV and PBV between the term and preterm infants might be explained by differences in the maturation of the physiological mechanism to control CBV and PBV.