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Uma diversidade de alterações osteoarticulares tem sido descrita em pacientes em hemodiálise crônica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a proporção e o tipo de manifestações músculo-esqueléticas (MME) nos pacientes em programa de hemodiálise, em três centros da região metropolitana do Recife, e relacioná-las com as variáveis: sexo, etnia, idade atual do paciente e ao iniciar a diálise, e tempo de tratamento dialítico. Inicialmente, foram aplicados questionários em 197 pacientes distribuídos nos três centros no período de março de 2001 a janeiro de 2002. Após excluir 35 pacientes com diagnóstico prévio de doença reumatológica, investigou-se a presença de sinais e/ou sintomas de MME em 162 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 47,3 anos, a média da idade no início do tratamento foi de 43,8 anos, 94 pacientes (58%) eram do sexo masculino e 120 (74,1%), não caucasóides. O tempo médio do tratamento dialítico foi de 44,1 meses, e foi utilizada a membrana de polissulfona em todos. Resultados: MME foram observadas em 55 (34%) dos 162 pacientes do estudo. Destes, 38 apresentaram um único tipo de manifestação e 17 pacientes, mais de um tipo (16 apresentaram dois e, um, três tipos), perfazendo um total de 73 manifestações distribuídas entre articulações (44), ossos (18), estruturas neuro-musculares (seis) e periarticulares (cinco). A artralgia foi responsável por 46,6% de todas as MME e o joelho foi a articulação mais acometida por ela (52,9% dos casos). A dor óssea foi a segunda queixa mais comum (21,9%), as alterações periarticulares corresponderam a 6,8% das MME, e síndrome do túnel do carpo, deformidades ósseas e tumorações articulares ocorreram em 4,1%, 2,7% e 2,7% do total de MME, respectivamente. Entre os 55 pacientes, alterações articulares foram encontradas em 72,7% deles, ósseas em 32,7%, neuro-musculares em 10,8% e periarticulares 9,1% dos pacientes. Neste estudo, foi observado relação entre o tempo médio de tratamento dialítico (59.8 meses) e o desenvolvimento de MME (p

A freqüência de manifestações articulares foi avaliada em 251 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial (detecção de IgM por ensaio imunoenzimático) de virose exantemática. As artropatias (artralgia e/ou artrite) foram mais observadas nos casos de dengue (49%) e de rubéola (38,2%) do que naqueles com parvovirose humana (30%) e sarampo (28,1%). Com exceção do sarampo, as artropatias predominaram nos adultos (315 anos de idade), sendo tal diferença estatisticamente significativa. A ocorrência maior de artropatias em adultos foi mais evidente nos pacientes com parvovirose (75%), rubéola (65%) e dengue (57,7%) do que naqueles com sarampo (31%). As queixas articulares também predominaram nos pacientes do sexo feminino para todas as viroses avaliadas. Os resultados encontrados demonstram o freqüente acometimento articular nas doenças estudadas, e indicam a necessidade de comprovação laboratorial para o diagnóstico diferencial entre elas. The frequency of arthropathy was evaluated in 251 patients with clinical and serological diagnosis (specific IgM detection by enzyme immunoassay) of exanthematic disease. Arthropathy (arthralgia and/or arthritis) was more frequent in dengue fever (49%) and rubella (38.2%) cases than in human parvovirus (30%) and measles (28.1%) cases. Except for measles cases, joint complaints prevailed in adults (315 years of age) and this difference was significant. The higher frequency of arthropathy in adults was more evident in human parvovirus (75%), rubella (65%) and dengue fever (57.7%) cases than in measles cases (31%). Arthropathy was also more frequent in females for all rash diseases studied. The results of this study showed the high occurrence of joint complaints in the diseases described here and the importance of laboratory confirmation for their differential diagnosis.

Bone and joint pain in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia Bone and joint signs and symptoms were retrospectively studied in 70 consecutive patients under 15 years of age with acute lyrnphocytic leukemia. Bone and or joint symptoms, mainly pain, were recorded among 37.5% of patients. Bone or joint pain were the primary cause of consultation in 1 1.4% of the whole cases, they were an accompanying, even though severe, spontaneously refered symptom in 12.9% cf patients and a mild event in another 11.4% of affected children. The early hemaiological findings were nearly normal in the first subgroup of patients and this accounted for initial mistaken and delayed diagnosis, which included rheumatic, orthopedic and even psychiatric conditions. In the other two subgroups there were no diagnostic errors in the first approach. Osseous and articular findings did not modify prognosis, because there were not significant differences in survival rates among patients with or without bone and or joint pain. Unexplained bone or joint pain together with minor hema;olocical abnormalities should prompt differential diagnosis with acute leukemia.

El síndrome de Behçet es una entidad con manifestaciones diversas, dentro de las cuales se observan primordialmente aftas orales y genitales, manifestaciones artríticas, compromisos oculares como uveítis, vasculitis y ocasionalmente afección del sistema nervioso y grandes vasos. Con relación a las causas que pueden originarlo se han estudiado diversas teorías, tomando en los últimos años mucha fuerza las de origen inmunológico, especialmente por la existencia del HLA - B51 y una falta de control inmunológico; a estas teorías le siguen otras que responsabilizan a agentes infecciosos, daño endotelial, entre otros. Últimamente, se concluyó que todas estas entidades contribuyen en su etiopatogenia y actúan en diversos momentos, donde algunos agentes infecciosos pueden provocar una respuesta por parte de las células mononucleares y endoteliales, las cuales en un individuo susceptible por la presencia del HLA - B51, produciría finalmente la generación de una respuesta inflamatoria, concluyendo en una vasculitis. Por ser un síndrome complejo los tratamientos propuestos son múltiples, los cuales implican agentes inmunosupresores, colchicina, esteroides, talidomida; su manejo depende del compromiso sistémico existente. El propósito del presente trabajo es exponer las características de la patología en distintos sistemas así como la conducción de un paciente con este síndrome, haciendo énfasis en las dificultades para el diagnóstico, la necesidad de un trabajo en equipo y la importancia del odontólogo dentro de este equipo.[Carbonell ZB, Díaz A, Romero P. Sindrome de behçet, presentación de un caso clínico. Ustasalud Odontología 2008; 7: 55 - 60] The Behçet’s disease is an entity with diverse manifestations, inside which are observed oral and genital sores primarily, arthritic manifestations, ocular commitments as uveitis, vasculitis and occasionally affection of the system nervous and big glasses. In relation to the causes that can originate it diverse theories have been studied, taking in the last years much force those of immunologic origin, especially for the existence of HLA - B51 and a lack of immunologic control, to these theories they continue others that make responsible infectious agents, the damage endotelial, and others. Lately, this concluding that all these entities contribute in their etiopatogenia acting in diverse moments, where some infectious agents can shoot an answer on the part of the mononuclear’s and endothelia’s cells, those which in a susceptible individual for the presence of HLA - B51, would produce the generation of an inflammatory answer finally, concluding in a vasculitis. Such a complex syndrome, the proposed treatments have been multiple, agents inmunosupresores imply, colchicina, steroids talidomida, depending their handling of the systemic existent commitment. The purpose of this paper is to expose the characteristics of the pathology in different systems as well as the conduction of a patient with this disease, making emphasis in the difficulties for the I diagnose, the necessity of a work in team and the importance of the dentist in this team.

Background Although the painful shoulder is one of the most common dysfunctions of the locomotor apparatus, and is frequently treated both at primary healthcare centres and by specialists, little evidence has been reported to support or refute the effectiveness of the treatments most commonly applied. According to the bibliography reviewed, physiotherapy, which is the most common action taken to alleviate this problem, has not yet been proven to be effective, because of the small size of sample groups and the lack of methodological rigor in the papers published on the subject. No reviews have been made to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating this complaint, but in recent years controlled randomised studies have been made and these demonstrate an increasing use of acupuncture to treat pathologies of the soft tissues of the shoulder. In this study, we seek to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy applied jointly with acupuncture, compared with physiotherapy applied with a TENS-placebo, in the treatment of painful shoulder caused by subacromial syndrome (rotator cuff tendinitis and subacromial bursitis). Methods/design Randomised controlled multicentre study with blind evaluation by an independent observer and blind, independent analysis. A study will be made of 465 patients referred to the rehabilitation services at participating healthcare centres, belonging to the regional public health systems of Andalusia and Murcia, these patients presenting symptoms of painful shoulder and a diagnosis of subacromial syndrome (rotator cuff tendinitis and subacromial bursitis). The patients will be randomised into two groups: 1) experimental (acupuncture + physiotherapy); 2) control (TENS-placebo + physiotherapy); the administration of rescue medication will also be allowed. The treatment period will have a duration of three weeks. The main result variable will be the change produced on Constant's Shoulder Function Assessment (SFA) Scale; as secondary variables, we will record the changes in diurnal pain intensity on a visual analogue scale (VAS), nocturnal pain intensity on the VAS, doses of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) taken during the study period, credibility scale for the treatment, degree of improvement perceived by the patient and degree of improvement perceived by the evaluator. A follow up examination will be made at 3, 6 and 12 months after the study period has ended. Two types of population will be considered for analysis: per protocol and per intention to treat. Discussion The discussion will take into account the limitations of the study, together with considerations such as the choice of a simple, safe method to treat this shoulder complaint, the choice of the control group, and the blinding of the patients, evaluators and those responsible for carrying out the final analysis.

Summary Introduction: Chikungunya (CHIK) is a tropical arbovirus, transmitted by the female mosquito Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In Brazil, there have been cases reported since 2014. The initial manifestations of this virus are sudden onset high fever, headache, chills, rashes, myalgia and intense joint pain. Usually, CHIK presents the acute and chronic phases, the latter characterized by bilateral polyarthralgia, which can last for months or even years. During this period, autoimmune diseases can be triggered, making the picture even more complicated. Method: A systematic review was performed on the PubMed and Scielo databases in January 2017. Clinical trials, cohorts, case-control and case reports were included in the study. Expert opinions, societal consensuses and literary reviews were exclusion criteria. Studies were conducted in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The studies were descriptively analyzed and the data was grouped according to methodological similarity. Results: Twenty-four (24) articles were selected and, in compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 were eliminated, with six studies remaining in the present review: five clinical trials and one case report. Conclusion: When the manifestations of CHIK become chronic and, the longer they last, more complications arise. Polyarthralgia can be immaterial, distancing individuals from their daily-life activities. Anti-inflammatory drugs (either steroid or not), in addition to immunosuppressants, homeopathy and physiotherapy are measures of treatment that, according to the literature, have been successful in relieving or extinguishing symptoms. However, it is fundamental that studies of CHIK treatment be further developed. Resumo Introdução: A chikungunya é uma arbovirose tropical, transmitida pela fêmea dos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus. No Brasil, existem casos relatados desde 2014. As manifestações iniciais dessa virose são: febre alta de início súbito, cefaleia, calafrios, erupções cutâneas, mialgia e dor articular intensa. Normalmente, a chikungunya apresenta as fases aguda e crônica, sendo a última caracterizada pela poliartralgia bilateral, que pode durar meses e até anos. Durante esse período, doenças autoimunes podem ser desencadeadas, tornando o quadro ainda mais complicado. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática nos bancos de dados PubMed e Scielo em janeiro de 2017. Ensaios clínicos, coortes, casos-controle e relatos de caso foram incluídos na pesquisa. Opiniões de especialista, consensos de sociedades e revisões literárias foram critérios de exclusão. Foram avaliados estudos nas línguas inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa. Os estudos foram analisados descritivamente, e os dados agrupados, conforme semelhança metodológica. Resultados: Foram selecionados 24 artigos; em obediência aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 18 foram eliminados, restando seis estudos na presente revisão: cinco ensaios clínicos e um relato de caso. Conclusão: Quando as manifestações da chikungunya se tornam crônicas, quanto mais tempo duram, mais complicações surgem. A poliartralgia pode ser incapacitante, afastando os indivíduos das suas atividades de vida diária. Anti-inflamatórios (esteroides ou não), somados a imunossupressores, homeopatia e fisioterapia são medidas de tratamento que, conforme a literatura, têm alcançado êxito no alívio ou na extinção dos sintomas. Todavia, é fundamental que os estudos do tratamento da chikungunya sejam mais aprofundados.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze quality of life and observe the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in patients submitted to bariatric surgery. METHODS: A prospective, observational and comparative study with 26 individuals aged 18 to 60 years, 25 women, which included two evaluations, one preoperative and the other approximately 42 months after surgery. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Human Body Diagram with Visual Analogue Scale were employed. RESULTS: The individual samples showed grade III obesity, with a predominance of postoperative overweight, hypertension and diabetes in 65.4% and 42.3% of the samples, with remission of hypertension in 50% and of diabetes mellitus in 38.5% (p

Objective. To estimate the cumulative incidence of persistent arthralgia at 6 months from acute Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and to evaluate the association of clinical markers with the risk of long-term arthralgia. Methods. This multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Mexican state of Colima. A total of 136 individuals aged 15 years and older with serologically confirmed CHIKV infection were enrolled. Participants were interviewed at 6 months from the onset of symptoms, and self-reported persistent arthralgia (PA) was the main binary outcome. A self-report numeric rating scale (NRS) ranging from 0 to 10 was used to estimate the severity of articular pain. Results. The cumulative incidence of PA was 41.9%. Severe pain (NRS ≥ 7) presented in 36.8% of participants with PA. In multiple analysis, individuals aged 40 years and older (risk ratio (RR) = 1.60; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-2.48) and those with articular pain at 3 months post-infection (RR = 3.95; 95% CI, 1.95-8.01) had a significantly increased risk of PA at 6 months from CHIKV infection. Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report of a CHIKV-associated longterm outcome in Mexico, where the incidence of the infection has been high. This is also the first study in Latin America evaluating several factors associated with the risk of PA. Our findings may be useful in health care settings to stratify the risk of chronic arthralgia secondary to CHIKV infection and to identify patients who would benefit clinically from early medical intervention.

Osteoarthritis of the knee is a major cause of disability among adults. Electro-acupuncture is considered a potentially useful treatment for osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of electro-acupuncture on pain control, pain perception, plasma cortisol and beta-endorphin levels, patient-perceived quality of life, and pain medication use in patients with chronic knee pain. This study is a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel design trial. One hundred sixty out-patients who are more than 50 years old and who have osteoarthritis of the knee will be recruited from the island of Mallorca, Spain. Each participant will be randomly placed into one of two groups: (sham) electro-acupuncture non-insertion technique and real electro-acupuncture. Acupuncture treatments will be the Traditional Chinese Medicine type. The patients will be evaluated after a period of 1 month (with two weekly sessions), 3 months (with one monthly session), 6 months (with one session every 45 days), and 1 year later with follow-up sessions at the end of the study (with one session every 2 months). The primary outcomes will be based on the observed changes from the baseline of the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for pain measured at 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Also to be included in the study are the possible changes in the secondary efficacy variables from baseline as assessed by the Short Form 36 version 2 health survey (patient-perceived quality of life), patient plasma cortisol and beta-endorphin levels at the different treatment stages, the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale, pain medication use, functional capacity and stiffness (WOMAC subscales), and a VAS. These variables will be assessed at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after study commencement. The findings from this study will help to determine whether electro-acupuncture is effective for chronic knee pain management in older people and whether electro-acupuncture can deliver results for the improvement of pain relief, stiffness, and disability. The study will therefore be a major step toward understanding the roles of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the endogenous opioid system in the effectiveness of electro-acupuncture for chronic pain. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02299713 (11 Nov. 2014).