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Aims To estimate the cost–effectiveness and cost–utility ratios of a restrictive vs. liberal transfusion strategy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with anaemia. Methods and results Patients (n = 666) with AMI and haemoglobin between 7–8 and 10 g/dL recruited in 35 hospitals in France and Spain were randomly assigned to a restrictive (n = 342) or a liberal (n = 324) transfusion strategy with 1-year prospective collection of resource utilization and quality of life using the EQ5D3L questionnaire. The economic evaluation was based on 648 patients from the per-protocol population. The outcomes were 30-day and 1-year cost-effectiveness, with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) averted as the effectiveness outcome. and a 1-year cost–utility ratio. The 30-day incremental cost–effectiveness ratio was €33 065 saved per additional MACE averted with the restrictive vs. liberal strategy, with an 84% probability for the restrictive strategy to be cost-saving and MACE-reducing (i.e. dominant). At 1 year, the point estimate of the cost–utility ratio was €191 500 saved per quality-adjusted life year gained; however, the cumulated MACE was outside the pre-specified non-inferiority margin, resulting in a decremental cost–effectiveness ratio with a point estimate of €72 000 saved per additional MACE with the restrictive strategy. Conclusion In patients with AMI and anaemia, the restrictive transfusion strategy was dominant (cost-saving and outcome-improving) at 30 days. At 1 year, the restrictive strategy remained cost-saving, but clinical non-inferiority on MACE was no longer maintained. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02648113. One sentence summary The use of a restrictive transfusion strategy in patients with acute myocardial infarction is associated with lower healthcare costs, but more evidence is needed to ascertain its long-term clinical impact.

Introduction and objectives: The presence of comorbidities in elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome worsens its prognosis. The objective of the study was to analyze the impact of the burden of comorbidities in the decision of using invasive management in these patients. Methods: A total of 7211 patients > 70 years old from 11 Spanish registries were included. Individual data were analyzed in a common database. We assessed the presence of 6 comorbidities and their association with coronary angiography during admission. Results: The mean age was 79 ± 6 years and the mean CRACE score was 150 ± 21 points. A total of 1179 patients (16%) were treated conservatively. The presence of each comorbidity was associated with less invasive management (adjusted for predictive clinical variables): cerebrovascular disease (OR, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.64-0.95; P = .01), anemia (OR, 0.64; 95%CI, 0.54-0.76; P < .0001), chronic kidney disease (OR, 0.65; 95%CI, 0.56-0.75; P < .0001), peripheral arterial disease (OR, 0.79; 95%CI, 0.65-0.96; P = .02), chronic lung disease (OR, 0.85; IC95%, 0.71-0.99; P = .05), and diabetes mellitus (OR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.74-0.98; P < .03). The increase in the number of comorbidities (comorbidity burden) was associated with a reduction in coronary angiographies after...

Summary Background The accuracy of current prediction tools for ischaemic and bleeding events after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains insufficient for individualised patient management strategies. We developed a machine learning-based risk stratification model to predict all-cause death, recurrent acute myocardial infarction, and major bleeding after ACS. Methods Different machine learning models for the prediction of 1-year post-discharge all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and major bleeding (defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 or 5) were trained on a cohort of 19 826 adult patients with ACS (split into a training cohort [80%] and internal validation cohort [20%]) from the BleeMACS and RENAMI registries, which included patients across several continents. 25 clinical features routinely assessed at discharge were used to inform the models. The best-performing model for each study outcome (the PRAISE score) was tested in an external validation cohort of 3444 patients with ACS pooled from a randomised controlled trial and three prospective registries. Model performance was assessed according to a range of learning metrics including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Findings The PRAISE score showed an AUC of 0·82 (95% CI 0·78–0·85) in the internal validation cohort and 0·92 (0·90–0·93) in the external validation cohort for 1-year all-cause death; an AUC of 0·74 (0·70–0·78) in the internal validation cohort and 0·81 (0·76–0·85) in the external validation cohort for 1-year myocardial infarction; and an AUC of 0·70 (0·66–0·75) in the internal validation cohort and 0·86 (0·82–0·89) in the external validation cohort for 1-year major bleeding. Interpretation A machine learning-based approach for the identification of predictors of events after an ACS is feasible and effective. The PRAISE score showed accurate discriminative capabilities for the prediction of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and major bleeding, and might be useful to guide clinical decision making. Funding None.

Objective: To evaluate the 5 components of the Fried frailty phenotype (self-reported unintentional weight loss, physical activity questionnaire, gait speed, grip strength, and self-reported exhaustion) for long-term outcomes in elderly survivors of acute coronary syndrome. Methods: A total of 342 consecutive patients (from October 1, 2010, to February 1, 2012) were included. The 5 components of the Fried score and albumin concentration, as malnutrition index, were assessed before hospital discharge. Patients were followed up until April 2020 (median follow-up, 8.7 years). The end point was postdischarge all-cause mortality. Results: Mean ± SD age was 77±7 years and mean ± SD Fried score was 2.0±1.1 points. A total of 216 (63%) patients died. After adjusting for clinical covariates, the Fried phenotype was associated with mortality (per points, hazard ratio [HR], 1.35; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.57; P

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) recurrence is still high despite great progress in secondary prevention. Patients with recurrent AMI suffer worse prognosis compared to those with first AMI. The objective was to evaluate the effect of optimal medical therapy (OMT) on these patients with recurrent AMI. Methods and results: Sub-analysis was performed including 13,343 patients with AMI from the international multicenter Bleeding complications in a Multicenter registry of patients discharged with diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome (BleeMACS) registry. OMT was defined as the combination of aspirin, any P2Y12 inhibitor, statin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, and beta-blocker. Among 1285 patients with prior AMI, 56.8% received OMT prescription. Patients receiving OMT suffered from less congestive heart failure, peripheral artery disease, malignancy, and bleeding history. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates revealed that OMT was strongly related to decreased in all-cause death (4.2% vs. 10.1%, p < .001) and the composite endpoint of death/re-AMI (11.1% vs. 16.9%, p = .005) at 1-year follow-up. OMT was the independent protect factor of primary endpoint even after adjusting for multiple possible confounders (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.27–0.78; p = .004). However, no significant difference was observed regarding re-AMI between OMT and non-OMT groups. OMT also reduced all-cause death in patients with recurrent AMI after propensity score matching. Conclusions: The prescription of OMT was seriously insufficient in patients with recurrent AMI, especially high-risk patients, even though OMT was associated with improved prognosis. Further improvements in pharmacological therapy are needed to reduce subsequent recurrent events.

Resumen Objetivo Las guias de practica clinica recomiendan la estrategia invasiva precoz ajustada al riesgo (EIPAR) en pacientes con sindrome coronario agudo sin elevacion del segmento ST (SCASEST). El objetivo fue analizar la aplicacion de la EIPAR, sus condicionantes e impacto sobre el pronostico en pacientes con SCASEST ingresados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiologicos (UCIC). Diseno Estudio de cohortes prospectivo. Ambito UCIC de 8 hospitales en Cataluna. Pacientes Pacientes consecutivos con SCASEST entre octubre del 2017 y marzo del 2018. El perfil de riesgo se definio mediante los criterios de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiologia. Intervenciones Se definio como EIPAR la realizacion de coronariografia en las primeras 6 h en pacientes de muy alto riesgo o en 24 h en pacientes de alto riesgo. Variables de interes Mortalidad/reingreso a los 6 meses. Resultados Se incluyo a 629 pacientes (edad media 66,6 anos), 225 (35,9%) de muy alto riesgo y 392 (62,6%) de alto riesgo. La estrategia invasiva fue mayoritaria (96,2%). La EIPAR se aplico en 284 pacientes (45,6%), especialmente pacientes mas jovenes, con menos comorbilidades. Estos pacientes presentaron menor estancia en UCIC y hospitalaria, asi como menor incidencia de SCA, revascularizaciones y menor incidencia de muerte/reingreso a 6 meses. Tras ajustar por factores de confusion, la asociacion entre adherencia y muerte/reingreso a 6 meses persistio de manera significativa (razon de riesgos: 0,66 [0,45-0,97] p = 0,035). Conclusiones La EIPAR se aplica en una minoria de SCASEST ingresados en UCIC, asociandose con una menor incidencia de eventos.

Resumen Antecedentes y objetivos La prevalencia de fibrilacion auricular (FA) y cardiopatia isquemica ( C I) aumenta con la edad. Coexisten en hasta un 20% de los pacientes octogenarios, situacion que supone un desafio terapeutico. Los ensayos que han abordado este escenario, que incluyeron un porcentaje bajo de octogenarios, demostraron que la doble terapia (antiagregacion simple + anticoagulacion) en comparacion con la triple terapia (doble antiagregacion + anticoagulacion) se asocia menos eventos hemorragicos, especialmente con anticoagulantes orales de accion directa. Estos estudios no tenian potencia suficiente para detectar diferencias en eventos isquemicos. Por otro lado, aspectos prevalentes en la poblacion mayor, como los sindromes geriatricos, no se valoraron en estos estudios, y tampoco en la practica clinica habitual, desconociendose su impacto pronostico en este contexto clinico. Material y metodos Estudio observacional, prospectivo y multicentrico, que incluira pacientes ≥ 80 anos con FA y CI en Espana. Se valoraran las caracteristicas basales y los sindromes geriatricos, asi como la eleccion del tratamiento antitrombotico. El objetivo primario es conocer la mortalidad cardiovascular y por todas las causas a uno y tres anos. Resultados Este estudio permitira conocer las caracteristicas y el pronostico de pacientes octogenarios con FA y CI en nuestro medio, los factores implicados en la eleccion del tratamiento antitrombotico y la incidencia de eventos isquemicos y hemorragicos durante el seguimiento a corto y largo plazo. Conclusiones Nuestro trabajo contribuira a mejorar el conocimiento en terminos de seguridad y eficacia de las distintas opciones terapeuticas en pacientes mayores con FA y CI y su impacto pronostico.

The Impella pump has emerged as a promising tool in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). Despite its attractive properties, there are scarce data on the specific clinical setting and the potential role of Impella devices in CS patients from routine clinical practice.This is an observational, retrospective, single center, cohort study. All consecutive patients with diagnosis of CS and undergoing support with Impella 2.5A total of 50 patients were included (median age: 59.3 ± 10 years). The most common cause of CS was acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (68%), followed by decompensation of previous cardiomyopathy (22%). A total of 13 patients (26%) had profound CS. Most patients (54%) improved pulmonary congestion at 48 h after Impella support. A total of 19 patients (38%) presented significant bleeding. In-hospital mortality was 42%. Among patients with profound CS (In this cohort of real-life CS patients, Impella devices were used in different settings, with different clinical profiles and management. Despite a significant rate of complications, mortality was acceptable and lower than those observed in other series.

International audience; No abstract available

Background: The rate of intracranial haemorrhage after an acute coronary syndrome has been studied in detail in the era of thrombolysis; however, in the contemporary era of percutaneous coronary intervention, most of the data have been derived from clinical trials. With this background, we aim to analyse the incidence, timing, predictors and prognostic impact of post-discharge intracranial haemorrhage in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: We analysed data from the BleeMACS registry (patients discharged for acute coronary syndrome and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention from Europe, Asia and America, 2003–2014). Analyses were conducted using a competing risk framework. Uni and multivariate predictors of intracranial haemorrhage were assessed using the Fine–Gray proportional hazards regression analysis. The endpoint was 1-year post-discharge intracranial haemorrhage. Results: Of 11,136 patients, 30 presented with intracranial haemorrhage during the first year (0.27%). The median time to intracranial haemorrhage was 150 days (interquartile range 55.7–319.5). The fatality rate of intracranial haemorrhage was very high (30%). After multivariate analysis, only age (subhazard ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.07) and prior stroke/transient ischaemic attack (hazard ratio 3.29, 95% confidence interval 1.36–8.00) were independently associated with a higher risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Hypertension showed a trend to associate with higher intracranial haemorrhage rate. The combination of older age (⩾75 years), prior stroke/transient ischaemic attack, and/or hypertension allowed us to identify most of the patients with intracranial haemorrhage (86.7%). The annual rate of intracranial haemorrhage was 0.1% in patients with no risk factors, 0.2% in those with one factor, 0.6% in those with two factors and 1.3% in those with three factors. Conclusion: The incidence of intracranial haemorrhage in the first year after an acute coronary syndrome treated with percutaneous coronary intervention is low. Advanced age, previous stroke/transient ischaemic attack, and hypertension are the main predictors of increased intracranial haemorrhage risk.

La infección por SARS-CoV-2, denominada COVID-19 (Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19), es una enfermedad desconocida hasta diciembre de 2019 a la que nos enfrentamos en España desde el 31 de enero de 2020 —fecha del primer caso diagnosticado en nuestro país— y que ya ha causado la muerte de 7.340 personas (a 30 de marzo de 2020), sobre todo mayores. Es importante tener en cuenta que, dado que la información evoluciona con extremada rapidez en este campo, lo expuesto en el presente documento puede estar sujeto a modificaciones. La población de mayor edad es especialmente susceptible a la infección por COVID-19, así como a desarrollar criterios de gravedad. Este aumento de morbimortalidad en el paciente mayor se ha asociado tanto con las comorbilidades, especialmente la enfermedad cardiovascular, como con la situación de fragilidad, que conlleva una respuesta inmunológica más pobre. La situación actual, tanto por los países afectados como por el número de casos, constituye una pandemia y supone una emergencia sanitaria de primer nivel. Como España es uno de los países más envejecidos del mundo, la COVID-19 se ha convertido en una emergencia geriátrica. El presente documento se ha elaborado conjuntamente entre la Sección de Cardiología Geriátrica de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología y la Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología. Sin financiación 4.753 JCR (2020) Q2, 45/142 Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 0.455 SJR (2020) Q3, 202/349 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine No data IDR 2020 UEM

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos Las guias recomiendan centralizar la atencion del shock cardiogenico (SC) en centros altamente especializados. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociacion entre las caracteristicas de los centros tratantes y la mortalidad en el SC secundario a infarto de miocardio con elevacion del segmento ST (IAMCEST). Metodos Se seleccionaron los episodios de alta con diagnostico de SC-IAMCEST entre 2003-2015 del Conjunto Minimo Basico de Datos del Sistema Nacional de Salud espanol. Los centros se clasificaron segun disponibilidad de servicio de cardiologia, laboratorio de hemodinamica, cirugia cardiaca y disponibilidad de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiologicos (UCIC). La variable objetivo principal fue la mortalidad hospitalaria. Resultados Se identificaron 19.963 episodios. La edad media fue de 73,4 ± 11,8 anos. La proporcion de pacientes tratados en hospitales con laboratorio de hemodinamica y cirugia cardiaca aumento del 38,4% en 2005 al 52,9% en 2015; p Conclusiones La proporcion de pacientes con SC-IAMCEST tratados en centros altamente especializados aumento, mientras que la mortalidad disminuyo a lo largo del periodo de estudio. La revascularizacion y el ingreso en UCIC se asociaron con mejores resultados.

Objectives Diabetes mellitus (DM) and frailty are common in older patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). No data exists about its prognostic impact on long-term outcomes and their possible interaction in this setting. Design Observational prospective study. Setting Multicenter registry conducted in 44 hospitals in Spain. Participants Consecutive patients with ACS aged 80≥years. Measurements A comprehensive geriatric evaluation was performed during hospitalization, including frailty assessment by the FRAIL score. The impact of DM and frailty on the incidence of mortality/readmission at 24 months was analysed by a Cox regression model. Results A total of 498 patients were included (mean age 84.3 years). Prevalence of previous DM was 199/498 (40.0%). The rate of frail patients was 135/498 (27.1%). The incidence of mortality/readmission was higher frail patients (HR 2.49) (both p

El brote actual de COVID-19 está obligando a los profesionales sanitarios a replantear de forma continua las indicaciones de cateterismo cardiaco. La optimización de recursos materiales y humanos, la prevención de contagios a profesionales y pacientes, así como la gestión de los tiempos de traslado, hace totalmente necesario reformular los protocolos previamente establecidos. El presente texto es un documento de consenso de la Asociación de Cardiología Intervencionista y la Asociación de Cardiopatía Isquémica y Cuidados Agudos Cardiovasculares de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología que pretende dar información al personal sanitario sobre las indicaciones de cateterismo diagnóstico o terapéutico durante la pandemia actual de COVID-19.

Resumen Han sido numerosos los estudios publicados en el campo de la cardiopatia isquemica y de los cuidados criticos cardiovasculares en este ultimo ano. Por este motivo, esta revision no pretende abarcar todos ellos, sino mas bien una seleccion de algunas publicaciones que a criterio subjetivo de los autores se consideran de interes.

Resumen Durante el ultimo ano se han publicado numerosos trabajos centrados en el paciente mayor con enfermedad cardiovascular. En este texto repasamos algunos de estos trabajos, relacionados todos con el abordaje del paciente mayor en distintos escenarios clinicos. Hemos querido resaltar y prestar especial atencion a aspectos de gran relevancia clinica, dado su impacto pronostico, como la fragilidad, la comorbilidad o la polifarmacia, y centrarnos en como mejorar la atencion que proporcionamos a nuestros pacientes en distintos ambitos (urgencias, hospitalizacion, ambulatorio) y procesos concretos como la fibrilacion auricular, la insuficiencia cardiaca, las valvulopatias y los sindromes coronarios agudos.

BACKGROUND The risk of recurrent ischemia and bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may vary during the first year of follow-up according to clinical presentation, and medical and interventional strategies. METHODS BleeMACS and RENAMI are 2 multicenter registries enrolling patients with ACS treated with PCI and clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor. The average daily ischemic and bleeding risks (ADIR and ADBR) in the first year after PCI were the primary end points. The difference between ADBR and ADIR was calculated to estimate the potential excess of bleeding/ischemic events in a given period or specific subgroup. RESULTS A total of 19,826 patients were included. Overall, in the first year after PCI, the ADBR was 0.008085%, whereas ADIR was 0.008017% (P = .886). In the first 2 weeks ADIR was higher than ADBR (P = .013), especially in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction or incomplete revascularization. ADIR continued to be, albeit non-significantly, greater than ADBR up to the third month, whereas ADBR became higher, although not significantly, afterward. Patients with incomplete revascularization had an excess in ischemic risk (P = .003), whereas non-ST-segment elevation ACS patients and those on ticagrelor had an excess of bleeding (P = .012 and P = .022, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In unselected ACS patients, ADIR and ADBR occurred at similar rates within 1 year after PCI. ADIR was greater than ADBR in the first 2 weeks, especially in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients and those with incomplete revascularization. In the first year, ADIR was higher than ADBR in patients with incomplete revascularization, whereas ADBR was higher in non-ST-segment elevation ACS patients and in those discharged on ticagrelor.

Antecedentes y objetivos La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es una enfermedad crónica frecuentemente asociada al envejecimiento. Disponemos de modelos predictivos basados en variables que asocian mal pronóstico y que sin embargo no incluyen condiciones habituales en el paciente mayor, como la fragilidad o la comorbilidad. Nuestro objetivo es conocer las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de una cohorte de pacientes mayores con IC ambulatoria seguidos por cardiología, la prevalencia de la fragilidad y otros síndromes geriátricos, así como su impacto pronóstico, y conocer si su consideración mejora la capacidad predictiva de los modelos de riesgo utilizados. Material y métodos Estudio observacional, prospectivo y multicéntrico que incluirá 400 pacientes ≥ 75 años con IC crónica seguidos en hospital de día y consultas de IC de cardiología de hospitales terciarios españoles, a los que se realizará una valoración geriátrica integral y una predicción de eventos basada en los scores MAGGIC y BCN-Bio HF calculator. La variable de resultado principal es la mortalidad por cualquier causa y de origen cardiovascular a 1 y 3 años. Resultados Este estudio permitirá conocer las características y el pronóstico de pacientes ancianos con IC seguidos por cardiología en nuestro medio y la utilidad en población anciana de scores utilizados en la población general con IC crónica. Conclusión Nuestro trabajo es el primer estudio prospectivo que valorará la fragilidad y otros síndromes geriátricos de forma sistemática en el paciente anciano ambulatorio con IC en España seguido por cardiología, contribuyendo a mejorar el conocimiento de su prevalencia e impacto en nuestros pacientes. Background and objectives Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease that is often associated with ageing. There are predictive models based on variables that associate it with a poor prognosis, although those do not include common conditions in the elderly, such as frailty or comorbidity. The aim of this study is to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a cohort of elderly outpatients with HF followed-up by cardiologists. This will include a study of the prevalence of frailty and other geriatric syndromes, as well as their impact on the prognosis, and to evaluate whether these may improve predictive ability of such predictive models. Material and methods Observational, prospective, and multicentre study that will include 400 patients ≥ 75 years old with chronic HF followed-up in Spanish tertiary hospitals by cardiology specialists in HF. Patients will undergo a comprehensive geriatric assessment, and prediction of events will be performed based on MAGGIC (Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure) and Barcelona-Bio HF calculator scores. The primary endpoint is cardiovascular and overall mortality at 1 and 3 years follow-up. Results This study will assess both the characteristics and prognosis of elderly patients with HF followed-up by cardiologists in Spain and the applicability in the elderly population of scores used in the general population with chronic HF. Conclusion This is the first prospective study that will systematically assess frailty and other geriatric syndromes in the elderly outpatient with HF in Spain and followed-up by cardiologists, thus contributing to improve knowledge about both its prevalence and impact on our patients. Sin financiación No data JCR 2020 0.206 SJR (2020) Q4, 31/35 Aging No data IDR 2020 UEM

The role of emergency coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in patients without ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether emergency CAG and PCI would improve survival with good neurological outcome in this population.In this multicenter, randomized, open-label, investigator-initiated clinical trial, we randomly assigned 69 survivors of OHCA without STEMI to undergo immediate CAG or deferred CAG. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of in-hospital survival free of severe dependence. The safety endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiac events including death, reinfarction, bleeding, and ventricular arrhythmias.A total of 66 patients were included in the primary analysis (95.7%). In-hospital survival was 62.5% in the immediate CAG group and 58.8% in the delayed CAG group (HR, 0.96; 95%CI, 0.45-2.09; P=.93). In-hospital survival free of severe dependence was 59.4% in the immediate CAG group and 52.9% in the delayed CAG group (HR, 1.29; 95%CI, 0.60-2.73; P=.4986). No differences were found in the secondary endpoints except for the incidence of acute kidney failure, which was more frequent in the immediate CAG group (15.6% vs 0%, P=.002) and infections, which were higher in the delayed CAG group (46.9% vs 73.5%, P=.003).In this underpowered randomized trial involving patients resuscitated after OHCA without STEMI, immediate CAG provided no benefit in terms of survival without neurological impairment compared with delayed CAG.gov Identifier: NCT02641626.

Age is associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease, which constitutes the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly population. In this text we thoroughly review current evidence regarding the impact on cardiovascular disease of the most important cardiovascular risk factors, especially prevalent and common in the elderly population. Diagnosis and treatment approaches are also addressed, also highlighting the importance of adequate primary and secondary prevention and management. Also, the relationship between cardiovascular disease and some comorbidities and geriatric conditions, such as frailty, particularly common in the elderly, is reviewed, together with some other issues, less often addressed but closely related to ageing, such as genetics, structural and electrical heart changes and oxidative stress. All such questions are of great importance in the comprehensive approach of risk factors and cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Sin financiación 4.430 JCR (2021) Q2, 57/143 Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 0.590 SJR (2021) Q2, 158/356 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine No data IDR 2021 UEM

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the elderly. The prevalence of ACS increases with age and patients with advanced age have some co-morbidities that require an individualized approach, which includes a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Ageism is a matter of great concern. In this scenario, some ethical conflicts may arise which should be anticipated, considered, and solved. Clinicians will need to prioritize and allocate resources, to avoid futility/proportionality, which is not always easy to assess in these patients. This review aims to summarize the evidence regarding ethical conflicts that may arise in the management of patients with ACS and advanced age. We will discuss how to choose the best option (which frequently is not the only one) with the lowest risk for harm, considering and respecting the patients' decision. The four basic principles of bioethics (beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice) are thoroughly reviewed, and discussed, regarding their role in the decision making process. Sin financiación 4.430 JCR (2021) Q2, 57/143 Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 0.590 SJR (2021) Q2, 158/356 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine No data IDR 2020 UEM

Background Corticosteroids (Cs) remain the first-line therapy for moderate-to-severe flares in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). On the other hand, their use has been associated to multiple adverse events (AEs) in randomized controlled trials and registries. Nevertheless, recent studies have repeatedly observed that the use of Cs has not decreased in spite of the increasing availability of biological agents and new small molecules licensed for IBD. The impact of Cs therapy on patients’ quality of life (QoL) and the patients’ perception on Cs have not been properly assessed in IBD. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a standard Cs course on the patients’ QoL and their satisfaction with treatment. Methods A prospective, longitudinal and observational study was conducted in adult IBD. All subjects received the same standard Cs regimen: starting dose of 1mg/kg/day (maximum 60mg/day) and tapering after 14 days with 10mg per week until reach 20mg/day, thereafter reduction was 5mg per week. QoL was assessed by the IBDQ-9 questionnaire at baseline, week 4 and at the end of Cs. Treatment satisfaction was assessed by the TSQM1.4 questionnaire at week 4 and at the end of Cs. Results Sixty-three patients were included in the study (54% CD and 43% UC; mean age 38.5±14.9 years; 46%females). Cs therapy failed in 41% of cases (active disease upon Cs discontinuation or need for rescue therapy). AEs attributable to Cs were reported in 84.1%, the most frequent were dermatologic (acne and moon face) (60.3%), hypokalemia (44.8%) and poor quality of sleep (40%). Serious AEs were reported in 20,6%, mostly mild or moderate infections that resolved without sequelae. IBDQ-9 scores increased 12.4 and 13.5 points at 4 weeks and at the end of Cs, respectively (p Conclusion A standard Cs course significantly increases the QoL of patients with IBD. Furthermore, a high satisfaction with treatment was perceived by patients.

Background Aortic stenosis (AS) is currently the most frequent heart valve disease. Symptomatic severe AS has a poor prognosis and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is becoming the therapy of choice in these patients. Changes in the conduction tissue after the procedure constitute one of the main limitations of TAVI, with a frequent need for a definitive pacemaker. Interatrial block (IAB) is defined as a prolonged P-wave duration and is related with atrial fibrosis. The presence of IAB could be a marker of conduction tissue abnormalities at other levels. No study has specifically analyzed the role of IAB as a predictor of the need for permanent pacemaker in patients with AS undergoing TAVI. Methods The Baseline Interatrial block and Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (BIT) registry will be performed in approximately 3000 patients with severe AS treated with TAVI. A centralized analysis of baseline ECGs will study the presence and type of IAB and other ECG data (rhythm, P-wave duration, PR and QRS intervals/intraventricular conduction disorders). Clinical follow-up will be carried out by local researchers. The primary endpoint will be the requirement of permanent pacemaker during post-TAVI hospitalization. As secondary objectives, the incidence of new onset AF, stroke, or mortality during follow-up will be analyzed. Secondary endpoints will include the incidence of new onset AF, stroke, or mortality during follow-up. Conclusion The BIT registry will study, for the first time, the influence of previous IAB in the need of permanent pacemaker after TAVI: This large registry will also provide information regarding the association of this and other ECG parameters with prognosis. Sin financiación 0.944 JCR (2019) Q4, 133/138 Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 0.448 SJR (2019) Q3, 205/362 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine No data IDR 2019 UEM

Aims To investigate the prognostic role of sex and physical performance on long-term mortality in older adults hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods and results The analysis is based on older (≥70 years) ACS patients included in the FRASER, HULK, and LONGEVO SCA prospective studies. Physical performance was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. The study included 1388 patients, 441 (32%) were women. At presentation, women were older and more compromised than men. After a median follow-up of 998 (730–1168) days, all-cause death occurred in 334 (24.1%) patients. At univariate analysis, female sex was related to increased risk of death. After adjustments for confounding factors, female sex was no longer associated with mortality. Women showed poor physical performance compared with men (P Conclusions Two key findings emerged from the present real-life cohort of older ACS patients: (i) physical performance strongly influences long-term mortality and (ii) women with preserved physical performance have a better outcome compared to men.