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The first record of Aphidius eglanteriae from The Netherlands and new records from France are presented. Information on distribution and notes on morphology of the species is given. High resolution microphotographs of A. eglanteriae are provided., {"references":["Creuwels, J. & Pieterse, S. (2019) Checklist Dutch Species Register  — Nederlands Soortenregister. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/rjdpzy (accessed via GBIF.org on 30.XI.2019)","Das, B.C. & Chakrabarti, S. (1990) New and little known aphidiid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) of gall forming aphids in western Himalaya, with notes on their seasonal history. Oriental Insects, 24: 399–414.","Davidian, E.M. (2018) Additions and Corrections to the Check-list of the Aphidiid-wasp Subfamily Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae) from the North-West of Russia. Entomological Review, 98: 937. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873817070187","Fauna Europaea (2019) Available from: https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/82a4de5d-8105-4ead-b8bd-446b905db631.","Haliday, A.H. (1834) Essay on parasitic Hymenoptera. Entomological Magazine, 2(ii): 93–106.","Rabasse, J.M., Trouvé, C., Geria A.M. & Quignou, A. (2001) Aphid pests of strawberry crops and their parasitoids in France. Mededelingen van de Rijksuniversiteit te Gent (Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen), 66: 293–301.","Starý, P. (1973) A review of Aphidius species (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) of Europe. Annotationes Zoologicae at Botanicae. Bratislava, 84: 14–16.","Starý, P., Remaudière, G. Leclant, F. (1971) Les Aphidiidae (Hym.) de France et leurs hôtes (Hom. Aphididae): description d'espèces nouvelles, écologie, lutte biologique. Entomophaga. Mémoire Hors-série, 5: 6.","Yu, D.S., van Achterberg, C. & Horstmann, K. (2016) World Ichneumonoidea 2015: Taxonomy, Biology, Morphology and Distribution. CD/DVD. Taxapad, Vancouver, Canada."]}

International audience; The degree of trophic specialization of interacting organisms impacts on the structure of ecological networks and has consequences for the regulation of crop pests. However, it remains difficult to assess in the case of parasitoids. Host ranges are often established by listing host records from various years and geographic areas in the literature. Here, we compared the actual hosts exploited at a local farm-scale by aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae), to the available species listed as hosts for each parasitoid species. We sampled aphids and their parasitoids in cultivated and uncultivated areas in an experimental farm from April to November 2014 and thereafter used DNA-based data to determine whether a differentiation in sequences existed. Twenty-nine parasitoid species were found on 47 potential aphid hosts. Our results showed that the great majority of the parasitoid tested used fewer host species than expected according to data published in the literature and parasitized a limited number of hosts even when other potential hosts were available in the environment. Moreover, individuals of the most generalist species differed in their DNA sequences, according to the aphid species and/or the host plant species. At a local scale, only obligate or facultative specialist aphid parasitoids were detected. Local specialization has to be considered when implementing the use of such parasitoids in pest regulation within agroecosystems.

BackgroundParasitoid wasps have fascinating life cycles and play an important role in trophic networks, yet little is known about their genome content and function. Parasitoids that infect aphids are an important group with the potential for biocontrol, and infecting aphids requires overcoming both aphid defenses and their defensive endosymbionts.ResultsWe present thede novogenome assemblies, detailed annotation, and comparative analysis of two closely related parasitoid wasps that target pest aphids:Aphidius erviandLysiphlebus fabarum(Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). The genomes are small (139 and 141 Mbp), highly syntenic, and the most AT-rich reported thus far for any arthropod (GC content: 25.8% and 23.8%). This nucleotide bias is accompanied by skewed codon usage, and is stronger in genes with adult-biased expression. AT-richness may be the consequence of reduced genome size, a near absence of DNA methylation, and age-specific energy demands. We identify expansions of F-box/Leucine-rich-repeat proteins, suggesting that diversification in this gene family may be associated with their broad host range or with countering defenses from aphids’ endosymbionts. The absence of some immune genes (Toll and Imd pathways) resembles similar losses in their aphid hosts, highlighting the potential impact of symbiosis on both aphids and their parasitoids.ConclusionsThese findings are of fundamental interest for insect evolution and beyond. This will provide a strong foundation for further functional studies including coevolution with respect to their hosts, the basis of successful infection, and biocontrol. Both genomes are available athttps://bipaa.genouest.org.

The subtribe Monoctonina has long been overlooked when it comes to morphological studies, probably due to the low economic importance of its members. Mainly distributed in high montane areas and forest ecosystems, species of Monoctonina are not often found in large populations and do not parasitize pests of cultivated plants. Our research uncovered five new species belonging to this subtribe (Monoctonus brachyradius sp. n., M. canadensis sp. n., M. inexpectatus sp. n., M. luteus sp. n., and M. parvipalpus sp. n.). We also redescribe species originally described over a century ago, and discuss the utility of certain morphological characters, as well as status of some species within Monoctonina.

In this study, a total of 108 Aphidiinae species, belonging to 18 genera, associated with 240 aphid species in 16 countries of the Middle East and North Africa are reviewed. 743 host aphid-parasitoid associations are listed. New material was collected from various regions of Saudi Arabia during 2011–2013. Three species including Aphidius avenae Haliday, 1834, Aphidius platensis Brèthes, 1913 and Praon barbatum Mackauer, 1967 are first recorded for the fauna of this country. Lysiphlebus marismortui Mescheloff & Rosen, 1990 syn. nov. is classified as the junior synonym of Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady, 1978. An illustrated up-to-date key to all known species of Aphidiinae that occur in the Middle East and North Africa is provided. The findings are discussed in relation to the overall parasitoid-aphid associations in the target investigated region.

Tesis (Grado Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas)--Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Lugar de Trabajo: INTA Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. 2014. 162 h + Anexo + CD. tabls.; grafs. Contiene Referencia Bibliográfica. Abstract en español e inglés. En nuestro país, la alfalfa, la avena y el trigo se encuentran entre los cultivos de mayor importancia y tienen a los áfidos (Hemiptera: Aphididae) como una plaga dominante. Los parasitoides (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae), se destacan como enemigos naturales eficientes para regular sus poblaciones. Entre las distintas tácticas del control Biológico, el Control Biológico Conservativo consiste en manipular el ambiente para aumentar la fecundidad y la longevidad de los enemigos naturales de las plagas. El objetivo de esta Tesis fue analizar el sistema planta- áfido - parasitoide en ambientes cultivados y naturales aledaños, a fin de promover la aplicación de tácticas de CBC en agroecosistemas de la Región Pampeana.

Aphids are a serious pest for peach crops. They have traditionally been managed with insecticides, but there is increasing concern about the risk that insecticides pose to both humans and the environment. As a first step to use biological control in aphid management, we conducted a 3-year field survey in northeastern Spain to determine which parasitoids and hyperparasitoids were most prevalent on two aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Hyalopterus spp. Koch, the most harmful to peach trees. We collected 11 parasitoid species from M. persicae, with Aphidius matricariae (Haliday) being the most abundant. Two parasitoid species were also collected from Hyalopterus spp., Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga and Praon volucre (Haliday). Hyperparasitoid species overlapped between these aphids but their relative abundances differed. We also discuss the possible impacts of hyperparasitoids on parasitoid populations. Our results suggest that it would be feasible to implement biocontrol methods for aphids in integrated pest management programmes in peach orchards. There are a number of primary parasitoid species associated with these aphids, and the nearby crops and wild vegetation in the vicinity and within the orchards may provide a suitable habitat for them. Additionally, some of them are commercially available and might be usable in augmentative releases info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Species from the genus Paralipsis are obligatory endoparasitoids of root aphids in the Palaearctic. It is known that these species are broadly distributed, parasitizing various aphid hosts and showing great biological and ecological diversity. On the other hand, this group of endoparasitoids is understudied and was thought to be represented by a single species in Europe, viz., Paralipsisenervis (Nees). However, recent description of two new species indicated the possibility of cryptic speciation and recognition of additional Paralipsis species in Europe. In this research, Paralipsis specimens collected during the last 60 years from eight European countries, as well as one sample from Morocco, were subjected to molecular and morphological characterization. Newly designed genus-specific degenerative primers successfully targeted short overlapping fragments of COI of the mitochondrial DNA. Molecular analyses showed clear separation of four independent lineages, two of which are the known species P.enervis and P.tibiator, while two new species are described here, viz., P.brachycaudi Tomanović & Starý, sp. n. and P.rugosa Tomanović & Starý, sp. n. No clear specialization of the taxa to a strict root aphid host has been determined. The recognized mitochondrial lineages were distinct one from another, but with a substantial within-lineage divergence rate, clearly indicating the complexity of this group of parasitoids, on which further research is required in order to clarify the factors triggering their genetic differentiation. We reviewed literature data and new records of Paralipsisenervis aphid host associations and distributions. A key for the identification of all known Paralipsis species is provided and illustrated., This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (III43001). P Starý was supported by the Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The sampling of radicicolous aphids on the Iberian Peninsula was conducted in the context of Project CGL2015-68188-P, funded by “Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad” of Spain (MIMECO).

Bu çalışma Türkiye’deki afitlerde doğal düŞman olarak tespit edilen Aphidiinae (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) altfamilyası, bu altfamilyanın tespit edilebildiği afit ve bu afitlerin zarar yaptığı konukçu bitkilerin Türkiye’de Şimdiye kadar saptanan verilerini sunmaktadır. ÇalıŞma kapsamında 108 kaynak taraması sonucunda Türkiye’de şimdiye kadar yapılan çalışmalarda afitlerin 7 altfamilyasına (Aphidinae, Calaphidinae, Chaitophorinae, Eriosomatinae, Lachninae, Pterocommatinae, Thelaxinae) ait türlerin saptandığı gözlenmiştir. Bu altfamilyalar içinde % 82 oranla en çok Aphidinae altfamilyasına ait türlerin tespit edildiği gözlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarda 47 afit cinsine ait türlerin tespit edildiği saptanmıştır. Bu cinslerden Aphis cinsi 31 tür, Uroleucon 8 tür, Brachycaudus 7 tür, Dysaphis 6 tür ile temsil edilmiş, geriye kalan diğer cinsler 4 ve daha az sayıda türle temsil edilmişlerdir. Faunistik, taksonomik, bitki koruma ya da bitki-konukçu-parazitoit ilişkilerini içeren kaynakların araştırılması sonucunda afitlerin parazitoitleri olan toplam 64 Aphidiinae türünün ülkemizde bulunduğu görülmektedir. Bu türlerden Praon volucre, Lysiphlebus fabarum, Aphidius matricariae ve Aphidius colemani çok fazla sayıda çalışmada tespit edilmiş türlerdendir. Afitlerin Türkiye’de zarar verdiği tespit edilen bitki familyası sayısı 46’dır. Bu familyalar içinde afitler tarafından en çok tercih edilen familyalar sırasıyla, Compositae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Graminea ve Crucifera olmuştur. Afitlerin konukçuları, parazitoitleri, yaşayış alanları ile birlikte belirlenmesi ve bu türlerin biyoloji ve ekolojilerine ilişkin bilgilerin ortaya konması doğal ekosistemler ve tarımsal ekosistemlerde ihtiyaç duyulan bilgiyi tamamlaması açısından yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir. This study presents available data in Turkey about the members of the subfamily Aphidiinae (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) determined as natural enemies of aphids in the country, the related aphid species and the host plants the aphids damage. The survey of a total of 108 published literature revealed presence of aphid species classified within 7 subfamilies (Aphidinae, Calaphidinae, Chaitophorinae, Eriosomatinae, Lachninae, Pterocommatinae, Thelaxinae) among which Aphidinae is the most diverse one with 82% of the determined species. The survey also revealed that the determined species belonged to 47 genera. Among these genera, Aphis was represented with 31 species, Uroleucon with 8 species, Brachycaudus with 7 species and Dysaphis with 6 species while the other genera were represented with 4 or less species. The investigation of faunal, taxonomic, plant protection or plant-host-parasitoid based studies showed that 64 Aphidiinae species existed in Turkey as parasitoids of aphids. Praon volucre, Lysiphlebus fabarum, Aphidius matricariae and Aphidius colemani appeared to be the species which were determined in most of the studies. The number of plant families that aphis damage in Turkey is 46. Compositae is the most common preferred family followed by Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Graminea and Crucifera. Determination of aphids with their hosts, parasitoids and habitats and revealing data about their ecology and biology is concluded to be helpful to contribute required data in natural and agricultural ecosystems.

The potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini), is a common polyphagous aphid in Europe and North America. However, the factors influencing potato aphid dynamics and susceptibility to natural enemies are largely undescribed, particularly in relation to facultative endosymbiotic bacteria, which can provide protection against parasitism and disease in some aphid species. This study investigated whether potato aphid susceptibility to one of its principal natural enemies, the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), varied in relation to aphid genotype and/or endosymbiont presence. Parasitism and aphid fitness assays were conducted on clonal lineages of aphids, harbouring their natural endosymbiont infections, collected over 3 years from separate geographic locations. Parasitized aphids were dissected to quantify parasitoid oviposition, larval development, and mummification. Amongst the 19 clonal lines of M. euphorbiae tested, seven aphid genotypes were identified, and 11 lines harboured one or both of the facultative endosymbionts Hamiltonella defensa Moran et al. and Regiella insecticola Moran et al.; H. defensa infections were associated exclusively with two of the seven M. euphorbiae genotypes. Parasitism resistance was detected in clonal lines belonging to a single aphid genotype and resulted from failure of parasitoid eggs to develop into larvae rather than failure of the parasitoid to oviposit. Contrary with studies of several other aphid species, there was little evidence that H. defensa provided strong protection to M. euphorbiae from parasitism by A. ervi. Furthermore, there were no clear fitness costs to the aphid associated with parasitism resistance or with H. defensa infection. The two M. euphorbiae genotypes in which H. defensa occurred, which included the resistant genotype, exhibited faster development, higher survival, and greater fecundity than the other five aphid genotypes. These findings suggest that biological control of M. euphorbiae using A. ervi alone could exacerbate pest problems by selecting for the fittest parasitism‐resistant genotypes.

This information on the Russian wheat aphid Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae) in those regions of Algeria where cereals are grown is based on a nineteen year study. This revealed that this aphid is widely distributed in the high plateaus and interior plains with semi-arid climates. The mummies of this aphid found among its colonies were collected and 4 parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) where identified. These were Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh), Aphidius matricariae (Haliday), Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Destefani) and Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson), with D. rapae the most abundant. Moreover, this study also indicates that the cyclical appearance of this aphid is determined by the intensity of precipitation during winter and spring.

In this study we used molecular markers to characterize various populations of the Ephedrus persicae species group originating from different aphid hosts and different habitat types. Twelve different haplotypes were identified in 15 E. persicae specimens, and thus there were no shared haplotypes between specimens from different aphid hosts. All haplotypes were clustered in two distinct phylogenetic clades (“persicae 1” and “persicae 2”), the average genetic distance between these two clades being 3.1%. Ephedrus persicae specimens from the “persicae 1” clade parasitize leaf-curling aphids from Prunus and Malus orchards. Furthermore, there was significant differentiation of the “persicae 2” clade into two distinct evolutionary groups, with a genetic distance of 2.5% between them. On the basis of the genetically isolated position of Ephedrus specimens associated with Brachyunguis tamaricis on Tamarix gallica (more than 5.7% genetic distance), we describe Ephedrus tamaricis sp. n. as an additional member of the E. percicae species group. Key for identification of parasitoids belonging to the E. persicae species group is provided.

Morphological data on metanotal sculpture of aphidiine wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae), are reviewed based on the specimens collected in Ukraine. Specimens of 20 species of 13 genera were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Differences in menatonal morphology appear diagnostic for some genera or generic groups, such as tribes and subtribes. Seven general types of metanotal sculpture were distinguished. The proposed diagnostic characters are: the relative proportions of the metanotum and its parts (metascutellum, metascutellar arms), the shape and setation of the metascutellum, the number and form of the carinae arising from the base of metascutellum toward the mesoscutellum. To facilitate describing the structure of the metanotum in Aphidiinae, following measurements were established: the length and width of the metanotum and the metascutellum, the length of the metascutellar arms. The discovered characters could be used as additional diagnostic tools for aphidiine identification, and perhaps also in studies on their evolution and phylogeny.

Aphis fabae and Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are insect pests that damage sugar beet and bean crops. Both are responsible for losses in yield and transmission of viral diseases, and may be present on the same host at the same time. Three parasitoid species, Aphidius colemani, Lysiphlebus testaceipes and Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) have the potential to be used as biological control agents against at least one of these species of aphids. As a first step prior to the implementation of a biological control program, our aim was to understand the host selection behaviour of the parasitoids, particularly when both aphids are present. We recorded the host acceptance (number of insertions of the ovipositor / number of antennal contacts), suitability (number of mummies / the number of insertions of the ovipositor) and emergence (number of adults emerging from mummies) of these three aphid parasitoids when parasitizing the two aphids. We also analyzed the effect of the host plant on the host preference of the parasitoid. Females of each parasitoid species (n = 15) were exposed to 20 aphids of A. fabae or M. persicae, or a mixture of these two species of aphids, for 15 min, on a leaf disc of each of the two host plants, sugar beet and bean. Higher host acceptance and suitability were recorded for A. colemani attacking both species of aphid: A. fabae (43 and 46%) and M. persicae (43 and 46%) on beet and bean plants respectively, compared to L. testaceipes and L. fabarum. L. testaceipes and L. fabarum showed a clear preference for A. fabae. L. fabarum accepted M. persicae on both plants only when it was mixed with A. fabae, probably due to a confusion effect. We found that the host plant played a significant role in host acceptance, host suitability. We conclude that A. colemani is the better of the three parasitoids studied for the biological control in bean, and particularly, sugar beet crops.

Naturally occurring predators and parasitoids are known to reduce the abundance of pest invertebrates in arable crops, yet current treatment thresholds do not account for such a contribution to pest management. In the present study, we provide evidence for the presence of natural enemies correlating with a subsequent reduction in pest population growth. The abundance of cereal aphid pests and two key aphidophagous natural enemies, parasitoid wasps (Aphidiinae) and hoverfly larvae (Syrphinae), was assessed at field boundaries and interiors in southeast England. The highest rate of aphid population growth was associated with locations where no natural enemies were found. The presence of either Aphidiinae wasps or predatory Syrphinae larvae was associated with a reduction in the rate of aphid population growth, irrespective of location within the field, and overall aphid population growth was negatively correlated with increasing natural enemy abundance. The results of the present study indicate that natural enemies contribute significantly to pest control, and provide further evidence supporting the use of management strategies for promoting natural enemies in agro-ecosystems. Aphid predators and parasitoids make an important contribution to aphid pest control within cereal fields, and thresholds for insecticide application should account for this to avoid unnecessary treatments.

The reproductive durations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) after parasitization by three species of Aphidiinae were compared and the mechanisms for differences in duration were examined. The lifetime fecundities of adult aphids parasitized by Aphidius colemani Viereck, Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead, and Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) were 3.96, 6.40, and 6.48, respectively. These values were much smaller than that of healthy adults (61.43 nymphs). The time of termination of reproduction by the aphids coincided with the time that the parasitic wasp larvae reached second instar. We infer that first-instar larvae of all three species initially attack conspecific and/or heterospecific competitors and that consumption of the aphid’s ovaries and other reproductive organs commences in the second instar. The modified intrinsic rates of natural increase (r parasitized) calculated from post-parasitized fecundity were 0.185 by A. colemani, 0.233 by A. gifuensis, and 0.234 by D. rapae. Parasitization of 100 % of the adult aphids by A. gifuensis or D. rapae decreased the growth rate to a minimum of 24.4 % while A. colemani more moderately suppressed the growth of the aphid population (39.9 %). We propose the possibility that the effectiveness of species of Aphidiinae as biological control agents is influenced by differences in the duration of aphid reproduction following parasitization.

Although parasitoid wasps are important regulators of herbivorous insect populations, very little is known regarding their movement under field conditions. Here, we examined the vertical and cardinal directionality of dispersal by Binodoxys communis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), an exotic Asian parasitoid released as a biological control agent of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidinae), in North American soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae). The patterns are consistent with time-dependent, sex-specific dispersal strategies; whereas males show flight that is devoid of vertical or cardinal directionality, females consistently move at or above soybean canopy height toward the east and north. Male capture rates also appear to be more correlated with local conditions than those of females. These results suggest that females actively cross the flight boundary layer (the space above which insect flight is largely wind-driven as opposed to self-directed) and follow air currents away from soybean fields, whereas males engage in more localized movement. The data also suggest differing response potentials of the sexes to changing local resource conditions (host availability, female availability, host plant cultivar). We discuss the implications for sex-specific movement on the basic biology of introduced parasitoid species, and their applied role as potential agents in importation biological control programs.

Ornamental trees are valuable natural elements which provide several economic, aesthetic, and ecological benefits to humans. They are seriously infested by numerous pests and diseases, among which aphids are of high importance. Here we present a comprehensive list of Aphidiinae parasitoid species that attack aphids on ornamental trees in southeastern Europe, some of which are potential biocontrol agents. Thirty-eight species of Aphidiinae are recorded, keyed, and illustrated. Fifty-six out of 120 recorded tritrophic (parasitoid – aphid – plant) associations were previously unknown. The results are discussed in relation to the overall parasitoid – aphid – tree associations in the target region, as well as potential of parasitoid use in biological control programs.

The genus Toxares (Braconidae: Aphidiinae) is reported for the first time in Korea. Toxares deltiger (Haliday, 1833) is found as new to Korea. It has a wide host range causing it to be useful as a natural enemy for 31 aphid species within Aphididae. Diagnosis, host information, and illustrations are included. Keywords: Braconidae, Hymenoptera, Korea, new record, Toxares

Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig, 1841) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Charipinae) is a secondary endoparasitoid of Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a subfamily which are important primary parasitoids of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae). It is here registered for the first time in Brazil, collected from primary parasitoids in field-exposed aphids. Phaenoglyphis villosa was recorded during wheat crop season (winter and spring), emerging from Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758) mummies (n = 35♀). It was also recorded from Sitobion avenae (Fabricius, 1775) mummies, in wheat crop season (late winter) (n = 13♀) and black oat crop season (late autumn) (n = 1♀). We suggest three possible primary braconid parasitoids as hosts to this hyperparasitoid: Aphidius platensis Brèthes, 1913, Aphidius rhopalosiphi de Stefani- Perez, 1902, and Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki, 1960. Keywords: hyperparasitoid, cereal aphids, trophic interactions, wheat. Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-02T11:11:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 68-Article-Text-1010-2-10-20200619.pdf: 754456 bytes, checksum: f01590da5bd9282398f82e5e6f955a32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Members of the Monoctonina subtribe have long been neglected in applied studies of the subfamily Aphidiinae, due to their low economic importance, as they do not parasitize pests of cultivated plants. Consequently, data about this group are scarce, including its taxonomy and phylogeny. In the present study, we explore inter- and intraspecific genetic variation of Monoctonina species, including genera Monoctonus Haliday 1833, Monoctonia Star&yacute, 1962, Falciconus Mackauer 1959 and Harkeria Cameron 1900. We employ two molecular markers, the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the D2 region of the 28S nuclear gene (28S rDNA), to analyze genetic structuring and phylogeny of all available Monoctonina species, and combine them with morphological data for an integrative approach. We report one new species, and three potentially new species which can be formally described when further specimens are available. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships within the subtribe shows a basal position for the genera Falciconus and Monoctonia, and the close relatedness of Harkeria and Monoctonus.

Lysiphlebusconfusus Tremblay & Eady(Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), geniş bir konukçu dizisine sahip önemlibir yaprak biti parazitoididir. L.confusus'taki genetik çeşitlilik, Adana ve Hatay illerinde konukçu yaprakbiti, konukçu bitki ve yükseklik açısından PCR-RFLP yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. PCR-RFLPyöntemi ile SacI, AccI, HpyCH4III ve EcoP151 enzimlerinin 709 bp mitokondriyalCOI gen bölgesinde enzim kesim noktaları saptanmıştır. Gen dizileri diğerülkelerden (Sırbistan, Çin, Fransa ve İran) olan örnekler karşılaştırıldı venet sapmaları belirlendi. Balcalı (11) ve Ceyhan (4) örnekleri İran örneğineyakınken, Erzin (5) Sırp ve diğer İran örneğine yakın olarak bulundu.Seyhan'dan Cucumis melo L, Gülek(Pozantı) den Solanum nigrum L.,Saimbeyli'den Citrullus lanatus(Tunb.), Ceyhan'dan S. nigrum veBalcalı'dan Vicia sativa L. örnekleri,PCR-RFLP ile sırasıyla SacI, HpyCH4III,EcoP151 ve EcoP151 ile AccI enzimleri tarafından sıraylakesildiği belirlendi yükseklik, konukçu afit ve bitki türlerine bağlı spesifikgenetik çeşitlilik saptanmadı., Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) is animportant aphid parasitoid that has a wide host range. Genetic diversity in L. confusus was studied by the PCR-RFLPmethod in terms of host aphid, host plant, and altitude in Adana and HatayProvinces, Turkey. Restriction sites of SacI, AccI, HpyCH4III, and EcoP151enzymes on the 709 bp mitochondrial COI gene region was detected by PCR-RFLPmethod. The sequences were compared with specimens from other countries(Serbia, China, France and Iran) and their net divergence were determined.While the Balcalı (11) and Ceyhan (4) populations were close to the Iranspecimen, Erzin (5) was close to the Serbian and other Iran specimens. The specimensof Cucumis melo L. from Seyhan, Solanumnigrum L. from Gülek (Pozantı), Citrulluslanatus (Tunb.) from Saimbeyli, S. nigrum from Ceyhan, and Vicia sativa L. from Balcalı weredigested with SacI, HpyCH4III, EcoP151, and both EcoP151 andAccI by PCR-RFLP, respectively. Specific genetic diversity related toaltitude, host aphid and plant species was not determined.

Diversitat de parasitoides primaris i secundaris del pugó Myzus persicae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) en la bresquillera Prunus persica (Rosales, Rosaceae) a la província de Mendoza, Argentina Mendoza és la primera productora de fruita de pinyol i la principal elaboradora de bresquilla per a indústria de l’Argentina. Myzus persicae, el “pugó verd”, és una de les principals plagues que afecta aquest conreu. Els himenòpters parasitoides de la família Braconidae destaquen com un dels enemics naturals més eficients d’aquesta plaga. Els objectius d’aquest treball van ser determinar el parasitoidisme natural d’aquest afídid a la bresquillera i conèixer la diversitat de parasitoides associats a aquesta plaga. Durant els anys 2015/2016 es van portar a terme recol·leccions setmanals de setembre a desembre de brots amb afídids que presentaven o no senyals de parasitoidisme. Es van calcular el percentatge de parasitoidisme i la freqüència i abundància relativa de parasitoides. El percentatge de parasitoidisme mitjà per brot va ser de prop del 20 %. Pel que fa a l’associació bresquillera–M. persicae, es van registrar nou espècies de parasitoides primaris i quatre espècies de parasitoides secundaris. Aphidius colemani va ser l’espècie dominant entre els parasitoides primaris., Diversity of primary and secondary parasitoids of the aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in peach Punus persica (Rosales, Rosaceae) in the province of Mendoza, Argentina Mendoza is the highest stone fruit producer and the main industrial peach producer for Argentina. Myzus persicae, known as the green peach aphid or the peach–potato aphid, is one of the main pests that affect this crop. Hymenoptera parasitoids of the Braconidae family stand out as one of the most efficient groups of natural enemies of this pest. The objectives of this study were to determine the natural parasitoidism of this peach aphid and to know the diversity of parasitoids associated with this pest. During the years 2015/2016, weekly collections were made from September to December of shoots with aphids that might or might not show signs of parasitoidism. The percentage of parasitoidism and the frequency and relative abundance of the parasitoids were calculated. The percentage of average parasitoidism per shoot was close to 20 %. About the peach–M. persicae association nine species of primary parasitoids and four species of secondary parasitoids were recorded. Aphidius colemani was the dominant species within the primary parasitoids., Mendoza es la mayor productora de frutas de carozo y la principal elaboradora de durazno para industria de Argentina. Myzus persicae, el pulgón verde o rulo del duraznero, es una de las principales plagas que afecta a este cultivo. Los himenópteros parasitoides de la familia Braconidae destacan como uno de los enemigos naturales más eficientes de esta plaga. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron determinar el parasitoidismo natural de este áfido en el duraznero y conocer la diversidad de parasitoides asociados a esta plaga. Durante los años 2015/2016 se realizaron colectas semanales de septiembre a diciembre de brotes con áfidos que presentaban o no señales de parasitoidismo. Se calcularon el porcentaje de parasitoidismo y la frecuencia y abundancia relativa de parasitoides. El porcentaje de parasitoidismo promedio por brote fue cercano al 20 %. Sobre la asociación duraznero–M. persicae, se registraron nueve especies de parasitoides primarios y cuatro especies de parasitoides secundarios. Aphidius colemani fue la especie dominante dentro de los parasitoides primarios.

Species that belong to the Aphidius eadyi group have been used as biocontrol agents against Acyrthosiphon pisum worldwide. However, despite their extensive use, there are still gaps in our knowledge about their taxonomy and distribution. In this study, we employed an integrative taxonomic approach by combining genetic analyses (mtDNA COI barcoding) with standard morphological analyses and geometric morphometrics of forewing shape. We identified three species within the A. eadyi species group, viz., A. smithi, A. eadyi and A. banksae. Genetic separation of all three species was confirmed, with mean genetic distances between species ranging from 5 to 7.4%. The following morphological characters were determined as the most important for separating species of the A. eadyi group: number and shape of costulae on the anterolateral part of the petiole, shape of the central areola on the propodeum, and shape and venation of the forewings. The differences in wing shape of all three species were statistically significant, but with some overlapping. We identified A. banksae as a widely distributed pea aphid parasitoid, whose known range covers most of the western Palaearctic (from the UK to Israel). Aphidius banksae is diagnosed and redescribed.

Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday) (Hym.: Braconidae) is determined asthe most common parasitoid species in the survey conducted to detect parasitoidspecies found in citrus trees and herbaceous species in the EasternMediterranean Region. In this study, it was aimed to determine some biologicalproperties of B. angelicae on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hem.: Aphididae)which is an important pest in the citrus orchards. Totally 80±10 A. gossypii at the 2nd and/or3rd nymphal stage were transferred with a help of brush on eachcotton plants which was produced in the laboratory. Then, a couple of newlyemerged parasitoids was released on A.gossypii for 24 hours. The cotton plants were kept in the same chamber theexperiment were started and checked daily till end of the experiment. Thedevelopment time, parasitization rate, and death ratio were determined by dailyobservation. The experiments were conducted at five constant temperatures (12,17, 22, 27 and 32±1°C), 65% RH, 16 h (8-10 klux) daily artificial light intemperature cabinets. Although the mummies have been observed at 12°C, no adultwas obtained, while no development was observed at 32°C. Development time offemale individual from egg to adult took 34.7, 12.8 and 6.0 days at 17, 22 and27°C, respectively. The mean longevity of female adult was determined as 6.4,5.4 and 4.9 days, while 4.6, 4.9 and 4.4 days for male at 17, 22, and 27°C,correspondingly. The parasitization rates of B. angelicae on A. gossypiiwere assessed as 5.6% at 27˚C, 44.1% at 22˚C and 26.7% at 17˚C., Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi turunçgil alanlarındakiturunçgil ağaçları ve otsu bitkiler üzerindeki yaprakbiti türlerinde bulunanparazitoit türlerini tespit etmek amacıyla yapılan sörveyde Binodoxys angelicae(Haliday) (Hym.: Braconidae)’nın en sık rastlanılan parazitoit türü olduğubelirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada turunçgil bahçelerinde de önemli bir zararlı olanPamuk yaprakbiti Aphis gossypii Glover(Hem.: Aphididae) üzerinde B. angelicae’nınbazı biyolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Laborutuvardaüretilen pamuk bitkileri üzerine bir fırça yardımı ile 80±10 adet 2. ve/veya 3.A. gossypii nimf dönemiaktarılmıştır. Daha sonra A. gossypiiüzerine 24 saat süre ile yeni çıkmış bir çift parazitoit salınmıştır. Üzerinde A. gossypii bulanan pamuk bitkileri isedenemenin kurulduğu sıcaklıkta bırakılıp günlük olarak kontrol edilmiştir. Bugözlemler sonucu parazitoitin gelişme süresi, parazitleme ve ölüm oranıbelirlenmiştir. Denemeler 12, 17, 22, 27 ve 32±1°C olmak üzere beş farklı sıcaklıktakurulmuştur. Çalışma %65±10 nem ve 8-10 kilolüks (klx) ışık şiddetinin olduğugünlük 16 saat aydınlatmalı iklim dolaplarında yürütülmüştür. Deneme sonucunda12˚C de mumya oluşmasına rağmen ergin B.angelicae bireyi elde edilememiştir. Çalışılan en yüksek sıcaklık olan 32˚Cde ise her hangi bir gelişme olmamıştır. B.angelicae dişisinin yumurtadan ergin oluncaya kadar geçen süre 17, 22 ve27˚C de sırasıyla 34.7, 12.8 ve 6.0 gün olarak bulunmuştur. Bir dişiparazitoitin ömrü 17, 22 ve 27˚C de sırasıyla ortalama 6.4, 5.4 ve 4.9 gün,erkek bireylerin ise sırasıyla 4.6, 4.9 ve 4.4 gün sürdüğü belirlenmiştir. B. angelicae’nın A. gossypii’yi parazitlenme oranı 22˚C de %44.1, 17˚C de %26.7 ve27 ˚C de ise %5.6 olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Two genera, Areopraon Mackauer, 1959 and Pseudopraon Starý, 1975, are newly recorded from China in this paper. Two new species, namely A.chui Tian & Chen, sp. n. and P.hei Tian & Chen, sp. n., are described and illustrated. Keys to the known species of these two genera are provided.

Buçalışmada afit parasitoidi Adialytusveronicaecola (Starý,1978) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) Türkiye veBatı Palearktik Bölgesi için yeni kayıt olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu wasp 2014yılında Trakya bölgesi’nde Edirne ilinde tespit edilmiş, genel coğrafi dağılımıverilmiştir. Aphidiinae altfamilyasının tüm bireyleri, ergin ve ergin olmayan yaprak bitlerinin soliter, koinobiont endoparazitoidi olmaları nedeniyle ekonomik öneme sahiptir. Braconidae familyası içinde 65 cins ile temsil edilen Aphidiinae altfamilyasının Avrupa’da 241, Batı Palaearktik’te 252, tüm Dünya’da 641 kadar türü bilinmektedir (Yu et al. 2012). Yakın zamana kadar “parazitoid-konak afit-konak bitki“ tritrofik değerlendirmelerinin yapıldığı entegre mücadele programları araştırmalarında elde edilen kayıtlara dayanan Türkiye Aphidiinae altfamilyasının dağılım bilgilerine son zamanlarda Türkiye Aphidiinae faunasının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan çalışmalar eklenmiştir, Aphid parasitoid Adialytus veronicaecola (Starý,1978) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) was reported for the first time for the West Palaeartic Region, and its finding represents the first record of the species in the country. In 2014, the wasp was collected from Edirne province in the Thrace Region of Turkey, and its general geographical distribution is provided. Aphid parasitoid Adialytus veronicaecola (Starý,1978) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) was reported for the first time for the West Palaeartic Region, and its finding represents the first record of the species in the country. In 2014, the wasp was collected from Edirne province in the Thrace Region of Turkey, and its general geographical distribution is provided.

Although Aphidiinae parasitoids have been used as agents for biocontrol of alfalfa aphids for more than half a century and have been the subject of numerous ecological investigations, there is an evident lack of systematic studies on the parasitoids of aphids infesting alfalfa in Europe. Here we present an original and up-dated key for identification of both native and invasive Aphidiinae parasitoids attacking aphids that feed on alfalfa in Europe. In total, 20 species are keyed and illustrated with scanning electron micrographs and line drawings.

Plant–aphid–parasitoid associations in urban green areas of the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula were analysed to identify the diversity of aphid parasitoid species, their trophic relationships and to improve the results of biological control efforts. In 245 tritrophic plant–aphid–parasitoid associations, 33 Aphidiinae species belonging to 13 genera were identified. Only two species, Pseudopraon mindariphagum and Trioxys phyllaphidis, can be considered to be monophagous. Most of the species were narrow, moderate or broad oligophagous but an as-native species, Lysiphlebus testaceipes, was recorded to be associated with 39 aphid species and with seven subfamilies/tribes of aphids in 81 tritrophic associations. The potential role of L. testaceipes and other native and commercialised parasitoid species is discussed. Our results point out that the conservation and enhancement of the both native and as-native local parasitoids is crucial for an aphid biological control strategy in urban green areas.

Aphidiinae are mostly composed of specialist parasitoids and the few species described as generalist are suspected to be composed of cryptic specialists, almost indistinguishable based on morphological characteristics. The use of molecular markers has proven to be a useful tool for revealing cryptic species complexes and here we use seven mitochondrial and nuclear gene fragments to study possible genetic differentiation among seven Aphidiinae generalists. Maximum likelihood (ML) trees and Bayesian Poisson tree processes (bPTP) models were conducted on each gene separately and on the seven genes together. The standard cytochrome c oxidase I barcode region appeared to be the most polymorphic and probably the best marker to reveal putative cryptic species. However, we showed with ML trees and bPTP models that a complementary use of mitochondrial and nuclear genes was the most relevant approach to reliably identify cryptic genetic clades in the Aphidiinae. Overall, most of the analysed generalist morphospecies were shown to be composed of subgroups related to the aphid host, some of them revealed as cryptic species by the species delimitation analysis. Further studies are needed to reveal the generality of this result in Aphidiinae.

The aim of this work was to examine, both in the field and in the laboratory, ecological aspects of selected plant–aphid–parasitoid interactions to evaluate their potential for the open rearing of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae) for the control of Aphis craccivora (Koch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in alfalfa agroecosystems. To this end quantitative samplings of parasitoids and aphids were made fortnightly in three alfalfa crop fields and their spontaneously vegetated edges, in Rafaela (Santa Fe, Argentina), during three years (2009–2011). Three sink webs based on L.testaceipes, on a per-year basis, were constructed to assess the strength of the interactions established by aphids and parasitoids, the host ranges of alternative aphid species, and the tendencies in parasitoid host use across years. In the laboratory, emergence rates, parasitism rates, larval and pupal development times, and adult lifespan of L. testaceipes were analyzed by means of choice tests, including the alternative and the target aphid species in the assays. About 84 % of adults of L. testaceipes obtained in the samples came from Aphis nerii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), an innocuous aphid species only associated with plants of the genus Araujia Brotero (Apocynaceae). Based on our results, the system proposed has many features that support its feasibility to be used as an open rearing system of L. testaceipes: unrisky alternative aphid, easy reproduction of the banker plant and similar suitability of innocuous and pest aphid species for the parasitoid to oviposit and complete their development without noticeably preference for specific hosts. Fil: Zumoffen, Leticia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina Fil: Tavella, Julia Rita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Signorini, Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina Fil: Salvo, Silvia Adriana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) is a generalist endoparasitoid attacking more than 100 aphid species. In L. testaceipes, wing fanning is a main male courtship display evoked by a female-borne sex pheromone. However, no information is available on the characteristics and behavioral role of male fanning during courtship in this parasitoid. Here, the courtship behavior of a wild strain of L. testaceipes was quantified and the male wing fanning performances were analyzed through high-speed video recordings and examined in relation to mating success. Courtship sequence of wild L. testaceipes did not substantially differ from that previously reported for other populations mass reared on aphids. We observed that the male courtship duration did not affect mating success. However, video analysis revealed that the males producing high-frequency fanning signals achieved higher mating success over those that display low-frequency fanning. Wing fanning before successful and unsuccessful courtship differed in amplitude of wing movements and alignment toward the mate, highlighting that frontal courtship positively influence the female mating decisions. This study increases knowledge on sexual behavior in a key parasitoid of aphids, highlighting the importance of wing fanning among the range of sensory modalities used in the sexual communication of L. testaceipes. From a practical point of view, this information is useful in L. testaceipes-based biocontrol strategies, since it can help to establish parameters for quality checking of mass-reared wasps over time.

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the major pests of many greenhouse crops. The aphid parasitoids, Aphidius colemani Viereck and Aphidius matricariae (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) have been considered good agents for the biological control of A. gossypii. In Mediterranean area, these parasitoids can currently be released under elevated temperature conditions. However, few findings on their behavior changes with temperature are available. In this study, we analyze the consequence of constant temperatures ranging from 20 to 32 °C on the flight, walking and oviposition capacities of Aphidius colemani and Aphidius matricariae. Our results revealed that flight capacity is clearly influenced by temperature. The optimal temperatures for flying are 20 and 25 °C for A. colemani and A. matricariae, respectively. For both species, we observed an increase in the walking capacity but a decrease in the reproductive potential at higher temperatures. Furthermore, regardless of the tested temperature, the mummy production rate was always higher in A. colemani than in A. matricariae. These results indicate that A. colemani is more suitable than A. matricariae for the biological control of A. gossypii in Mediterranean environments. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Extreme temperature events are a great challenge for most ectotherms, particularly for the immature stages of parasitoids, as they do not possess the ability to behaviourally thermoregulate. In this study, we measured the effect of an acute heat shock, combined with desiccation stress (34 °C and 35% r.h. during 10 h) during the mummy stage on several fitness-related traits of emerging adults of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). Our results showed that the emergence rate was strongly affected by the heat shock (63 AE 2.3 vs. 96.1 AE 0.7% for stress vs. control conditions, respectively), and the resulting population was male biased. Heat stress reduced the lifespan of emerged parasitoids but had no effect on fat reserves and female size. Egg load at emergence and parasitism rate were also reduced by heat treatment. The antennal symmetry was disturbed by the heat treatment, and stressed individuals had reduced mating success compared to control parasitoids. Specifically, time before wing fanning, a typical male courtship behaviour, was significantly longer in parasitoid pairs involving females that had emerged from heat-treated mummies. Additionally, olfactometry tests on experimental females indicated that their response to host odour was similar to that of control individuals, but they required a longer time for perception. These results highlight that exposure to high temperatures during the mummy stage has cumulative detrimental effects that may strongly impact parasitoid populations under natural conditions and hinder the success of biological control programs.

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the guilds of parasitic Hymenoptera associated with the grain aphid on rye and winter wheat in northern Poland. Of the seven species of primary parasitoids (Braconidae: Aphidiinae, Aphelinidae), parasitizing colonies of Sitobion avenae, the most numerous and most frequently occurring, included Praon volucre, Aphidius ervi and Aphidius uzbekistanicus. Primary parasitoids of grain aphids were largely eliminated by hyperparasitoids, mostly of the families Megaspilidae (Dendrocerus carpenteri), Figitidae-Alloxystini (Alloxysta spp. and Phaenoglyphis villosa) and Pteromalidae (Pachyneuron aphidis, Asaphes vulgaris, Coruna clavata), but D. carpenteri and Alloxysta spp. belonged to dominants and subdominants, respectively. This article has been retracted. Link to the retraction 10.2298/ABS150806086E