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Autonomous vehicles perceive objects through various sensors. Cameras, radar, and LiDAR are generally used as vehicle sensors, each of which has its own characteristics. As examples, cameras are used for a high-level understanding of a scene, radar is applied to weather-resistant distance perception, and LiDAR is used for accurate distance recognition. The ability of a camera to understand a scene has overwhelmingly increased with the recent development of deep learning. In addition, technologies that emulate other sensors using a single sensor are being developed. Therefore, in this study, a LiDAR data-based scene understanding method was developed through deep learning. The approaches to accessing LiDAR data through deep learning are mainly divided into point, projection, and voxel methods. The purpose of this study is to apply a projection method to secure a real-time performance. The convolutional neural network method used by a conventional camera can be easily applied to the projection method. In addition, an adaptive break point detector method used for conventional 2D LiDAR information is utilized to solve the misclassification caused by the conversion from 2D into 3D. The results of this study are evaluated through a comparison with other technologies.

Sodium (Na)-ion batteries are the most explored 'beyond-Li' battery systems, yet their energy densities are still largely limited by the positive electrode material. Na

Clinical decision-making is based on knowledge, expertise, and authority, with clinicians approving almost every intervention—the starting point for delivery of “All the right care, but only the right care,” an unachieved healthcare quality improvement goal. Unaided clinicians suffer from human cognitive limitations and biases when decisions are based only on their training, expertise, and experience. Electronic health records (EHRs) could improve healthcare with robust decision-support tools that reduce unwarranted variation of clinician decisions and actions. Current EHRs, focused on results review, documentation, and accounting, are awkward, time-consuming, and contribute to clinician stress and burnout. Decision-support tools could reduce clinician burden and enable replicable clinician decisions and actions that personalize patient care. Most current clinical decision-support tools or aids lack detail and neither reduce burden nor enable replicable actions. Clinicians must provide subjective interpretation and missing logic, thus introducing personal biases and mindless, unwarranted, variation from evidence-based practice. Replicability occurs when different clinicians, with the same patient information and context, come to the same decision and action. We propose a feasible subset of therapeutic decision-support tools based on credible clinical outcome evidence: computer protocols leading to replicable clinician actions (eActions). eActions enable different clinicians to make consistent decisions and actions when faced with the same patient input data. eActions embrace good everyday decision-making informed by evidence, experience, EHR data, and individual patient status. eActions can reduce unwarranted variation, increase quality of clinical care and research, reduce EHR noise, and could enable a learning healthcare system.

This research note examines local community perspectives toward gaming development in China, in which gaming is often stigmatized as sinful. It develops a framework of socio-cultural acceptance of gaming development. The traditional view of the social and economic benefits of gaming development was extended to include the personal, cultural, and political aspects of gaming using a framing process in a qualitative inquiry. This research advances the literature by positing the critical role of framing with regard to cognitive, normative, and regulatory legitimacies. It builds a comprehensive framework of the legitimacy of developing social acceptance for controversial tourism products, such as gaming. The study concludes with implications for theory and practice, limitations and future research directions.

Purpose This study aims to identify the key determinants of Airbnb rating scores. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a sample of 127,257 listings across 43 cities. A total of 24 explanatory variables were identified, and they were further grouped into host verification information, communication, policy of renting, space, information about environment, price and experience of hosting. Both Tobit and ordered logit models were used to perform the analysis. Findings The results indicate that good communication, large space and provision of information about the listings’ environment have a positive effect on users’ satisfaction, whereas experience of hosting negatively influences users’ satisfaction. Originality/value This study contributes to the peer-to-peer accommodation literature by affording a more complete understanding about guest satisfaction and its determinants.

Although low-cost carrier (LCC) airlines do not provide significant service to customer, the demand and market share of LCC is constantly increasing. Services provided by LCC and the quality of their services become a competitive advantage of LCC airlines. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that are ‘must-be’ dimension after being categorized into five attributes by using Kano Model. 260 responses were collected. The questionnaires include questions about the services factors in the SERVQUAL service model, basic demographic variables and respondents who have taken or not taken the Hong Kong Express before as Hong Kong Express is classified as one significant player of LCC airlines in Hong Kong. The result can give insights to Hong Kong Express to identify their service areas that needed to be improved and paid attention to increase customers’ satisfaction in future.

The objective of the study is to improve the current understanding of frontline employee perceptions of health by investigating the role of job security and satisfaction. The linkage between perceived health and organizational commitment is also explored. This study further tests the cross-level moderating effect of internal service climate based on a multilevel design. Based on a multilevel study that involved 1251 employees, including both frontline employees and supervisors from 29 casinos, results reveal that the relationship leading from job security and job satisfaction to organizational commitment through perceived health is contingent on organizational-level service climate; and the relationship is more salient for casinos with low-quality internal service climate. Theoretical and managerial implications are presented in the study.

Purpose The scant literature on MICE (meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions) tourists’ gambling behavior calls for a need to explore how their decision to gamble (hereafter, “gambling decision”) may unfold. Consequently, several questions germane to the inter-relationships among event tourists’ characteristics, casinos attributes, and gambling behaviors remain largely unaddressed. This paper aims to address the void in the literature by investigating event participants’ gambling decision. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected based on two samples, and a multilevel design was used to test the proposed model. Demographic and event-related participant characteristics were examined as antecedents of gambling decision at the individual level. Event goers’ accommodation characteristics such as brand equity and type of hotel were explored as cross-level effects on the individual-level factors and relationships. Findings Results of the study illustrate a joint influence – in terms of both direct and moderating effects – of individual-level and organizational-level characteristics on gambling decision. In particular, brand equity moderates the relationships leading from demographic and event-related characteristics to gambling decision. Practical implications The inter-relationships among events, accommodations and casinos present an opportunity for hospitality practitioners to better integrate these three services in a more coherent experiential offering for the ever-demanding MICE attendees. Findings also help practitioners to justify their targeting strategy. Originality/value The proposed framework presents the dynamic nature of the hospitality industry in which the event, hotel and casino sectors are interdependent, a picture hitherto prevented by the single-level oriented nature of gambling and hospitality research which largely focuses on the individual perspective. Given the dynamic nature of the hospitality industry, the findings elucidate a complex interdependency of customer needs.

This study seeks to examine local community perspectives toward gaming development in China. It seeks to develop a framework for understanding socio-cultural acceptance of gaming development through examining the impacts of social influence and community attachment to gaming development support via the mediation of perceived social and economic impacts. A pilot test was conducted with 191 respondents prior to the main survey, which yielded 694 complete responses. The research found perceived positive social impact was the most important factor influencing support for gaming development. Residents who perceived themselves as having a certain degree of social influence felt gaming had stronger positive impacts than negative impacts and, consequently, they were supportive of further gaming development. There are direct positive relationships between residents' community attachment and perceived positive social impacts of gaming. The study concludes with implications for theory and practice, limitations and future research directions.

Recent years have witnessed various changes in the business world regarding technology and ecological degradation, which has seen corporate social responsibility (CSR) increasingly used as a competitive tool in all industries. It has become especially popular in the fiercely competitive service retailing industry where implementation of CSR practices has grown in line with the industry's importance to the economy. Accordingly, this research was undertaken to study the mediating effect of safety and health of food of fast-food restaurants in Hong Kong between corporate social responsibility and image and reputation of corporate. Quantitative method was used and empirical evidence was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire survey of randomly selected customers leaving randomly selected fast-food restaurants in Hong Kong. The 350 completed questionnaires were statistically analyzed, verified for validity and reliability. The analyzed results reveal safety and health of food acts as a significant mediating role in the relationships between corporate social responsibility and corporate image. Management of retailing industry is encouraged to pay high level of attention and their investment into the safety and health of the foods they provided which is significantly important to customers and their own reputation.

This research investigates a new phenomenon – foodstagramming, in which tourists embark on capturing and sharing food photos – using a mixed-methods approach in three studies. Study 1 assesses how foodstagramming experiences are phenomenologically constructed in a field inquiry. Studies 2 and 3 undergo a rigorous scale development process by setting forth a foodstagramming benefit scale, which measures tourist perceived value in capturing and sharing of food photos in social media. These two studies further test its nomological network via a relationship leading from impression management to travel satisfaction through foodstagramming benefits. Results address the conundrum in the literature, which conjectures why self-expression, enrichment of dining experience, social connection, virtual community engagement, and special occasion memory underpin the foodstragramming phenomenon and how they could reap favorable travel outcomes. This research further contributes to the hospitality and tourism industry with insights on technology mediated dining and travel experiences.

BACKGROUND Patients who survive myocardial infarction (MI) are at risk of recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events. This study stratified post-MI patients for risk of recurrent CV events using the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Risk Score for Secondary Prevention (TRS 2°P). Methods and Results: This was an observational study that applied TRS 2°P to a consecutive cohort of post-MI patients. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of CV death, non-fatal MI, and non-fatal ischemic stroke. A total of 1,688 post-MI patients (70.3±13.6 years; male, 63.1%) were enrolled. After a mean follow-up of 41.5±34.4 months, 405 patients (24.0%) had developed a primary outcome (9.3%/year) consisting of 278 CV deaths, 134 non-fatal MI, and 33 non-fatal strokes. TRS 2°P was strongly associated with the primary outcome. The annual incidence of primary composite endpoint for patients with TRS 2°P 0 was 1.0%, and increased progressively to 39.9% for those with TRS 2°P ≥6 (HR, 27.6; 95% CI: 9.87-77.39, P

Purpose This study draws on the service-dominant (S-D) logic paradigm to examine value co-creation and co-destruction. As these phenomena are driven by positive and negative “customer-to-customer” (C2C) interactions, this paper aims to examine their influence on tourist perceptions of service quality and how they shape affective responses toward tourism and hospitality services and brand loyalty. Design/methodology/approach Following a comprehensive literature review, the authors used convenience sampling to gather a large sample of tourists at Shanghai Disneyland, a recently opened and already popular international tourism attraction. Structural equation modeling was used to test for direct and moderated relationships. Findings The findings indicated that positive and negative C2C interactions have significant though differential impacts on customer responses. Furthermore, it was found that visitor arousal mediated the relationship between service quality and brand loyalty. Prior experience was identified as a moderator in the co-creation and co-destruction process during service encounters. Practical implications This paper is one of the first to examine the concept of co-destruction in the tourism and hospitality context. It contributes to the literature by demonstrating the merits of proactive service provision by tourism operators, taking account of both the co-creation and co-destruction of value. Originality/value The study extends the literature by taking account of both positive and negative C2C interactions when examining co-creation and co-destruction in the context of service encounters. It also contributes to knowledge by assessing the asymmetry of such interactions in the context of the customer experience.

This study draws on the premise of value-in-the-experience (VALEX), axiology, and situated cognition to investigate how value is contextualized within a broader social system that is manifested through the service environment where the shopping experience occurs. A cross-level framework is proposed to examine how shopping value is embedded within the broader setting. Findings reveal that the broader shopping environment is a facilitator of the value–experience process when tourists are seeking hedonic value, while it is a disabler when they are seeking utilitarian value. This inquiry opens a new avenue of research in shopping tourism, with a focus on a more complex dynamic of value-in-context based on situated cognition.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) administration has been shown to increase β-cell mass, leading to a reversal of type 1 diabetes in mice. Whether GABA has any effect on β cells of healthy and prediabetic/glucose-intolerant obese mice remains unknown. In the present study, we show that oral GABA administration ( ad libitum) to mice indeed increased pancreatic β-cell mass, which led to a modest enhancement in insulin secretion and glucose tolerance. However, GABA treatment did not further increase insulin-positive islet area in high fat diet-fed mice and was unable to prevent or reverse glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, whether in vivo or in vitro, GABA treatment increased β-cell proliferation. In vitro, the effect was shown to be mediated via the GABAA receptor. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that GABA preferentially up-regulated pathways linked to β-cell proliferation and simultaneously down-regulated those networks required for other processes, including insulin biosynthesis and metabolism. Interestingly, single-cell differential expression analysis revealed GABA treatment gave rise to a distinct subpopulation of β cells with a unique transcriptional signature, including urocortin 3 ( ucn3), wnt4, and hepacam2. Taken together, this study provides new mechanistic insight into the proliferative nature of GABA but suggests that β-cell compensation associated with prediabetes overlaps with, and negates, its proliferative effects.-Untereiner, A., Abdo, S., Bhattacharjee, A., Gohil, H., Pourasgari, F., Ibeh, N., Lai, M., Batchuluun, B., Wong, A., Khuu, N., Liu, Y., Al Rijjal, D., Winegarden, N., Virtanen, C., Orser, B. A., Cabrera, O., Varga, G., Rocheleau, J., Dai, F. F., Wheeler, M. B. GABA promotes β-cell proliferation, but does not overcome impaired glucose homeostasis associated with diet-induced obesity.

Macrophages promote both injury and repair after myocardial infarction, but discriminating functions within mixed populations remains challenging. Here we used fate mapping, parabiosis and single-cell transcriptomics to demonstrate that at steady state, TIMD4+LYVE1+MHC-IIloCCR2− resident cardiac macrophages self-renew with negligible blood monocyte input. Monocytes partially replaced resident TIMD4–LYVE1–MHC-IIhiCCR2− macrophages and fully replaced TIMD4−LYVE1−MHC-IIhiCCR2+ macrophages, revealing a hierarchy of monocyte contribution to functionally distinct macrophage subsets. Ischemic injury reduced TIMD4+ and TIMD4– resident macrophage abundance, whereas CCR2+ monocyte-derived macrophages adopted multiple cell fates within infarcted tissue, including those nearly indistinguishable from resident macrophages. Recruited macrophages did not express TIMD4, highlighting the ability of TIMD4 to track a subset of resident macrophages in the absence of fate mapping. Despite this similarity, inducible depletion of resident macrophages using a Cx3cr1-based system led to impaired cardiac function and promoted adverse remodeling primarily within the peri-infarct zone, revealing a nonredundant, cardioprotective role of resident cardiac macrophages. Epelman and colleagues use fate mapping and single-cell transcriptomics to describe the dynamics of resident and recruited cardiac macrophages during ischemic injury.

Investigation of the microbial ecology of terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric ecosystems requires specific sampling and analytical technologies, owing to vastly different biomass densities typically encountered. In particular, the ultra-low biomass nature of air presents an inherent analytical challenge that is confounded by temporal fluctuations in community structure. Our ultra-low biomass pipeline advances the field of bioaerosol research by significantly reducing sampling times from days/weeks/months to minutes/hours, while maintaining the ability to perform species-level identification through direct metagenomic sequencing. The study further addresses all experimental factors contributing to analysis outcome, such as amassment, storage and extraction, as well as factors that impact on nucleic acid analysis. Quantity and quality of nucleic acid extracts from each optimisation step are evaluated using fluorometry, qPCR and sequencing. Both metagenomics and marker gene amplification-based (16S and ITS) sequencing are assessed with regard to their taxonomic resolution and inter-comparability. The pipeline is robust across a wide range of climatic settings, ranging from arctic to desert to tropical environments. Ultimately, the pipeline can be adapted to environmental settings, such as dust and surfaces, which also require ultra-low biomass analytics. Ministry of Education (MOE) Published version The work was supported by Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 3 grant (grant MOE2013-T3-1-013).

Over the last few years, the world has deliberated and developed numerous ethical principles and frameworks. It is the general opinion that the time has arrived to move from principles and to operationalize on the ethical practice of AI. It is now recognized that principles and standards can play a universal harmonizing role for the development of AI-related legal norms across the globe. However, how do we translate and embrace these articulated values, principles and actions to guide Nation States around the world to formulate their regulatory systems, policies or other legal instruments regarding AI? Our regulatory systems have attempted to keep abreast of new technologies by recalibrating and adapting our regulatory frameworks to provide for new opportunities and risks, to confer rights and duties, safety and liability frameworks, and to ensure legal certainty for businesses. These past adaptations have been reactive and sometimes piecemeal, often with artificial delineation on rights and responsibilities and with unintended flow-on consequences. Previously, technologies have been deployed more like tools, but as autonomy and self-learning capabilities increase, robots and intelligent AI systems will feel less and less like machines and tools. There is now a significant difference, because machine learning AI systems have the ability ‘to learn’, adapt their performances and ‘make decisions’ from data and ‘life experiences’. This paper presented at the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence - Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in 2021 provides brief insights on some selected topical developments in ethical principles and frameworks, our regulatory systems and the current debates on some of the risks and challenges from the use and actions of AI, autonomous and intelligent systems [1].

Autonomous parking is one of the primary functionalities of intelligent vehicles. This requires the accurate detection of a free parking slot and its dimensions. Here we propose a method using a novel combination of computer vision techniques on the camera data mounted on sides of a car. Our occupancy check method is based on perspectivity guided motion segmentation, which makes it a generic approach for handling random obstacles without prior knowledge. When tested on our dataset collected in environments such as shadows, wet surface, indoors and outdoors with obstacles including cars, motorbikes, cones, carton boxes and trees, this method achieved a promising performance with F1 score higher than 97%. With the ability to run on low computational devices such as CPU, this method is adaptable to practical solutions for both AD and aftermarket ADAS systems.

Highlights • This study unravels the coherence between the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis and CSR that work in tandem to alleviate stakeholders’ plight. • It further explores the crisis-fostering environment and how organizations respond to the different phrases of a crisis. • It improvises the CSR-as-process view to highlight the time-variant dynamic nature of CSR development over the course of major disruption. • It develops a new model that illustrates the coevolution of CSR in light of extenuating circumstances stakeholders face., This study investigates how US foodservice conglomerates have embarked on corporate social responsibility (CSR) measures to circumvent dire situations during the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores the evolution of CSR practices from restaurant enterprises to rescue and salvage their stakeholders. By analyzing press releases from ten restaurant chains in three different crisis phases (incubation, acceleration, and climax) through corpus linguistics, we identify a CSR progression mechanism that coevolves with the aftermath of the crisis among their stakeholders. This study improvises the CSR- as-process view to highlight the time-variant dynamic nature of CSR development over the course of major disruption.

This research aims to advance the literature by focusing on tourist engagement on travel social media sites (SNSs). Drawing on social exchange theory and engagement theory, it improvises the techno-exchange engagement model of SNS to highlight the role of trust induced from favorable (e.g. secondary control) and unfavorable (e.g. privacy violation) encounters as well as functional (e.g. perceived ease of use and usefulness) and affective (e.g. perceived enjoyment) technology usage experiences. Based on data acquired from a popular Chinese travel SNS, research findings point to a significant meditational mechanism in the techno-exchange engagement process leading to continuance usage and information sharing intentions. This research not only underscores the duality of the cyber trust-building process, but also showcases means to improve continuous usage of travel SNS through the proposed techno-exchange engagement model.

The COVID-19 outbreak has accelerated the development of service robots. However, service robots in some hotels have been put aside despite successful adoption. This study thus focuses on hotel employees' inhibited continuous usage intention by examining the challenges of benefiting from service robots. A robot usage resistance model (RURM) has been proposed based on the results. In this model, lack of authentic anthropomorphous features and low usability as technological characteristics could influence employees' cognitions toward service robots, while robot-related excessive workloads, techno-insecurity, and techno-uncertainty as psychological stimuli could trigger negative emotional arousal, which in turn fosters employee resistance to service robot continuous usage. This study offers a more solid conceptual investigation into employee resistance to service robot continuous usage, thus allowing the development of strategies to better reap the rewards of hotel service robot usage.

This research note explores the evolutionary process of corporate crisis communication to understand how international hotel enterprises respond to the present pandemic. Corpus linguistics was used as a computer-aided approach in assessing a large collection of naturally occurring texts. Press releases from hotel corporations listed in Fortune 500 within the period of January to April 2020 were curated and built into three corpora. Lexical patterns that evolved over the course of the first quarter of 2020 reveal that the lodging industry did not fully prepare for the crisis until March, while management was still dwelling on their past achievements even in February 2020. The overall tone, pre-crisis, reflected top management's demonstration of success and performance, attributed to the CEOs themselves; while it completely changed during the crisis. This study draws upon crisis management and organizational communication streams of work to advance prevailing theoretical accounts of organizational crisis communication.

[研究目的]本文從行銷和管理的角度,旨在綜述與娛樂場研究密切相關的文獻。對以往研究的主要發現進行討論與評述,並為未來研究指出研究空白。值得一提的是,本文以服務利潤鏈(SPC)模型為重點,研究了利潤鏈模型的概念,全文按照管理層和員工的內部聯繫、娛樂場服務人員與客人的互動以及盈利能力之間的關聯分為幾節。[設計/研究方法]本研究使用的方法是以娛樂場業的服務利潤鏈研究為重點,系統地回顧相關學術文獻,同時進行批判性評述與分析以找出研究空白。作者使用谷歌學術搜索(Google Scholar)、EBSCO資訊服務(EBSCOHost)、ScienceDirect、Emerald等學術資料庫來搜集娛樂場及博彩的相關研究資訊。[研究發現]基於服務利潤鏈的聯繫,發現了數個研究空白,特別是內部服務品質的改進需要從實踐和研究兩方面加以關注。娛樂場員工研究應該將個人特質和性格特徵納入研究範圍內,因為這些因素可能會影響到員工的績效和忠誠度。在娛樂場服務提供者與客人之間的互動中,應該對行銷舉措和促銷推廣的效率與效果進行更深入的研究。從外部來看,本文指出應該探索更加合適的方法來衡量顧客忠誠度和娛樂場盈利能力。[研究局限/影響]為關注重點競爭優勢提供了參考,並為娛樂場管理人員提供了促進業務增長和盈利能力提高的指導方針。此外,還指明了未來研究應該關注的領域。[原創性/研究價值]本文是第一篇以服務利潤鏈模型為重點,全面概括博彩業行銷與管理方式的文獻綜述。綜述涉及多個學科,將娛樂場業研究關注的問題延伸到更寬廣的領域,從而代表了博彩研究的一個新時代。

IntroductionCurrent international guidelines recommend non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for stroke prevention among patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) at significant ischaemic stroke risk given the superior safety and comparable efficacy of NOACs over warfarin. Nonetheless, the safety and effectiveness of NOACs have not been evaluated in patients with AF with underlying moderate or severe mitral stenosis (MS), hence the recommended stroke prevention strategy remains warfarin therapy.Method and analysisMS remains disproportionately prevalent in Asian countries compared with the developed countries. This prospective, randomised, open-label trial with blinded endpoint adjudication aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dabigatran for stroke prevention in AF patients with moderate or severe MS. Patients with AF aged ≥18 years with moderate or severe MS not planned for valvular intervention in the coming 12 months will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive dabigatran 110 mg or 150 mg two times per day or warfarin with international normalised ratio 2–3 in an open-label design. Patients with estimated creatinine clearance Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong and Hong Kong West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong for Fung Yiu King Hospital, Grantham Hospital, Queen Mary Hospital and Tung Wah Hospital in Hong Kong. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04045093); pre-results.

This research draws on the geographical concept of situated lay-knowledge to highlight how the formation of tourists’ attitudes to travel destinations challenges the theoretical foundation of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). It suggests that situated lay knowledge is dynamic as opposed to static, which is the accepted basis of TPB, and subsequently, proposes a “Situated Lay-Knowledge Travel Behavior Model” (SLKTB). The model was tested in a mixed methods approach where Chinese tourists, who knew little about Portugal, encountered Portuguese culture and cuisine in Macau. The overall results demonstrate that the formation of tourists’ attitudes about travel destinations is not preexisting or static but dynamic and created from their ongoing encounters.

Defining patient-to-patient similarity is essential for the development of precision medicine in clinical care and research. Conceptually, the identification of similar patient cohorts appears straightforward; however, universally accepted definitions remain elusive. Simultaneously, an explosion of vendors and published algorithms have emerged and all provide varied levels of functionality in identifying patient similarity categories. To provide clarity and a common framework for patient similarity, a workshop at the American Medical Informatics Association 2019 Annual Meeting was convened. This workshop included invited discussants from academics, the biotechnology industry, the FDA, and private practice oncology groups. Drawing from a broad range of backgrounds, workshop participants were able to coalesce around 4 major patient similarity classes: (1) feature, (2) outcome, (3) exposure, and (4) mixed-class. This perspective expands into these 4 subtypes more critically and offers the medical informatics community a means of communicating their work on this important topic.

Objective To determine whether COVID‐19 may adversely affect outcome of myocardial infarction (MI) patients in Hong Kong, China. Background The COVID‐19 pandemic has infected thousands of people and placed enormous stress on healthcare system. Apart from being an infectious disease, it may affect human behavior and healthcare resource allocation which potentially cause treatment delay in MI. Methods This was a single center cross‐sectional observational study. From November 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020, we compared outcome of patients admitted for acute ST‐elevation MI (STEMI) and non‐ST elevation MI (NSTEMI) before (group 1) and after (group 2) January 25, 2020 which was the date when Hong Kong hospitals launched emergency response measures to combat COVID‐19. Results There was a reduction in daily emergency room attendance since January 25, 2020 (group 1,327/day vs. group 2,231/day) and 149 patients with diagnosis of MI were included into analysis (group 1 N = 85 vs. group 2 N = 64). For STEMI, patients in group 2 tended to have longer symptom‐to‐first medical contact time and more presented out of revascularization window (group 1 27.8 vs. group 2 33%). The primary composite outcome of in‐hospital death, cardiogenic shock, sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF) and use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) was significantly worse in group 2 (14.1 vs. 29.7%, p = .02). Conclusions More MI patients during COVID‐19 outbreak had complicated in‐hospital course and worse outcomes. Besides direct infectious complications, cardiology community has to acknowledge the indirect effect of communicable disease on our patients and system of care.

Background Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) bacteria, such as E. cloacae, E. sichuanensis, E. kobei, and E. roggenkampii, have been emerging as nosocomial pathogens. Many strains isolated from medical clinics were found to be resistant to antibiotics, and in the worst cases, acquired multidrug resistance. We present the whole genome sequence of SGAir0282, isolated from the outdoor air in Singapore, and its relevance to other ECC bacteria by in silico genomic analysis. Results Complete genome assembly of E. sichuanensis strain SGAir0282 was generated using PacBio RSII and Illumina MiSeq platforms, and the datasets were used for de novo assembly using Hierarchical Genome Assembly Process (HGAP) and error corrected with Pilon. The genome assembly consisted of a single contig of 4.71 Mb and with a G+C content of 55.5%. No plasmid was detected in the assembly. The genome contained 4371 coding genes, 83 tRNA and 25 rRNA genes, as predicted by NCBI’s Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP). Among the genes, the antibiotic resistance related genes were included: Streptothricin acetdyltransferase (SatA), fosfomycin resistance protein (FosA) and metal-dependent hydrolases of the beta-lactamase superfamily I (BLI). Conclusion Based on whole genome alignment and phylogenetic analysis, the strain SGAir0282 was identified to be Enterobacter sichuanensis. The strain possesses gene clusters for virulence, disease and defence, that can also be found in other multidrug resistant ECC type strains.

Supplemental material, Appendix for Encountered Space and Situated Lay-Knowledge: A Mixed Methods Approach by Kate Mingjie Ji, IpKin Anthony Wong, Anita Eves and Caroline Scarles in Journal of Travel Research

International audience; Our regulatory systems have attempted to keep abreast of new technologies by recalibrating and adapting our regulatory frameworks to provide for new opportunities and risks, to confer rights and duties, safety and liability frameworks, and to ensure legal certainty for businesses. These adaptations have been reactive and sometimes piecemeal, often with artificial delineation on rights and responsibilities and with unintended flow-on consequences. Previously, technologies have been deployed more like tools, but as autonomy and self-learning capabilities increase, robots and intelligent AI systems will feel less and less like machines and tools. There is now a significant difference, because machine learning AI systems have the ability to learn, adapt their performances and ‘make decisions’ from data and ‘life experiences’. This chapter provides brief insights on some of the topical developments in our regulatory systems and the current debates on some of the risks and challenges from the use and actions of AI, autonomous and intelligent systems [1].

Online education becomes increasingly popular in tourism education. This research is based on a modified instructional strategy framework for online learning environments. The framework integrates behavioral learning theory, cognitive learning theory and social learning theory and proposed seven principles to evaluate the quality of online education. Although the framework is widely applied in an online learning environment, limited research has applied this framework in tourism education. There are three main objectives in the study: (1) to evaluate the learning experience from the student’s perspective; (2) to investigate the instructional strategies from the perspective of teachers; and (3) to compare whether there is any teacher-student discrepancy in the online education experience. This study adopted a mixed-method approach of data collection, which includes semi-structured in-depth interviews with teachers and a survey on the students’ opinion through a questionnaire. The results indicate that feedback is heavily influencing the online course quality from the perspective of students. Meanwhile, teachers tend to consider interaction as a critical factor due to the special requirement of the tourism industry. The findings shed lights on guiding the improvements in online tourism education.

International audience; This chapter considers the history of IFIP and Professionalism in ICT, and why Professionalism in ICT is becoming as critical as for other professions. Examples of the criticality of Professional and Ethical behavior are provided. The founding and work of the International Professional Practice Partnership (IP3) is explained. Requirements for a Profession are provided. The progress in developing Professionalism in different countries is explored.

Fouling is a major concern in membrane-based separation processes across industries. In this study, a transient back-pressure (water hammer) was applied to mitigate fouling in ultrafiltration of whey proteins. The water-hammer effect was generated by an instantaneous flow disruption on the retentate side of the membrane at definite intervals. Unsteady state shear and inertial lift at the membrane surface arising from the backpressure generated by the water hammer was believed to mitigate membrane fouling. The efficacy of the technique was evaluated by monitoring the permeate flux as well as by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. The experimental results indicated that water hammer was effective to reduce fouling in ultrafiltration of whey protein. Depending on the operating conditions, up to 84% flux enhancement could be achieved. Water hammer became less effective at high transmembrane pressures (TMP) and high feed concentrations where fouling was more severe.

Bacillus megaterium strain SGAir0080 was isolated from a tropical air sample in Singapore. Its genome was assembled using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and MiSeq reads. It has one chromosome of 5.06 Mbp and seven plasmids (average length, 62.8 kbp). It possesses 5,339 protein-coding genes, 130 tRNAs, and 35 rRNAs.

Purpose Service employees’ cultural values play an integral part in the service encounter. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether frontline employees’ (FLEs) individual cultural values moderate the relationship between service models and work behaviours and whether these behaviours influence their psychological well-being. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected online from 341 US and Indian respondents who spent at least 40 per cent of their work time interacting with customers. Cultural values were measured as individual-level constructs. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to test hypotheses. Findings Individualism/collectivism significantly moderates the relationship between service models and work-related outcome, in particular organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), while uncertainty avoidance does not. Collectivism strengthens the positive linkage between the win-win service model and OCB but weakens the association of OCB with the efficiency model. FLEs with the win-win model display more surface acting when they have low uncertainty avoidance and high power distance. Employee psychological well-being is then influenced negatively by surface acting, but positively by OCB. Research limitations/implications A more varied sample covering additional countries and a wider range of industries could provide additional insights. Practical implications The results of this study are particularly beneficial for service firms that require to satisfy customers by managing culturally diverse FLEs. Originality/value Extending the limited research on service models, this study examines the interplay of culture and service models and its impact on FLE work behaviours and the resultant well-being. The findings thus provide greater insights in how service employees’ cultural orientations influence their work behaviours and psychological well-being.

Drawing on the concept of institutional logics, this study advances the coopetition research on tourism destinations. An inductive multi-case study approach is adopted to explore the evolution of coopetitive practices of four tour operators in Macau over the last decade. The findings indicate that actors in a tourism destination respond to the changes of institutional factors by adopting an institutional logic of coopetition, which include five key processes: exploiting, exploring, bridging, sharing and boundary spanning. This paper contributes to the nascent literature on coopetition in tourism destination studies by analyzing the dynamics of co-evolution between the multi-stakeholders’ changing logics of practice and the surrounding institutional environment. The implications of institutional logics and coopetition from a managerial perspective are also discussed.

Planned events have been acknowledged to improve the image of a place. Although there are ample studies examining the destination image and tourist behaviors, this research focuses on the mediating effects of different destination images on the linkage between travel-specific event value and destination loyalty. In addition, this study seeks to advance the literature by addressing the mixed findings of event-induced destination image by examining the moderating effect of travel satisfaction. Moderated mediating effects of cognitive and affective destination images as well as the moderated indirect effect of event value are also tested. From a broader theoretical perspective, this study aims to advance the importance of event-induced destination image and the loyalty formation process by demonstrating the boundary condition of a trip based on tourist satisfaction.

Background This study sought to evaluate the optimal treatment for in-stent restenosis (ISR) of drug-eluting stents (DESs). Methods This is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized study comparing the use of drug-eluting balloon (DEB) versus second-generation everolimus-eluting stent for the treatment of DES ISR. The primary end point was in-segment late loss at 9-month routine angiographic follow-up. Results A total of 172 patients were enrolled, and 74 (43.0%) patients underwent the angiographic follow-up. The primary end point was not different between the 2 treatment groups (DEB group 0.15 ± 0.49 mm vs DES group 0.19 ± 0.41 mm, P = .54). The secondary end points of in-segment minimal luminal diameter (MLD) (1.80 ± 0.69 mm vs 2.09 ± 0.46 mm, P = .03), in-stent MLD (1.90 ± 0.71 mm vs 2.29 ± 0.48 mm, P = .005), in-segment percent diameter stenosis (34% ± 21% vs 26% ± 15%, P = .05), and in-stent percent diameter stenosis (33% ± 21% vs 21% ± 15%, P = .002) were more favorable in the DES group. The composite of death, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization at 1 year was comparable between the 2 groups (DEB group 7.0% vs DES group 4.7%, P = .51). Conclusions Treatment of DES ISR using DEB or second-generation DES did not differ in terms of late loss at 9-month angiographic follow-up, whereas DES showed better angiographic results regarding minimal MLD and percent diameter stenosis. Both treatment strategies were safe and effective up to 1 year after the procedure.

This study examines the effects of consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) components (i.e., brand loyalty, brand awareness, perceived quality, and brand image) of luxury hotel brands on consumer brand attitude and purchase intention with brand performance as a contextual factor. Through a survey involving 327 tourists conducted in luxury hotels in Macau, results reveal that all four CBBE elements positively relate to brand attitude, and three directly influence purchase intention. Brand attitude mediates the relationship between four CBBE elements and purchase intention, and brand performance moderates the relationship between brand attitude and purchase intention. This study expands CBBE theory to include luxury hotel brands and contributes to the literature by clarifying the direct, indirect, and total effects of each CBBE element on brand attitude and purchase intention. In addition, the study identifies brand performance as a contextual factor rather than a consequence of brand equity and brand attitude.