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El presente análisis se presenta como un estudio de las estrategias sobre política digital establecidas por China, Japón y la Unión Europea. El previsible cambio en el paradigma de las relaciones internacionales a raíz de la llegada de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial, hace posible y deseable la creación de un bloque comercial y estratégico entre la Unión Europea y las grandes potencias de Asia Oriental, Japón y China. En esta situación Alemania, por ser de los primeros países en implementar una estrategia sobre la Cuarta Revolución Industrial, se torna una pieza clave en las negociaciones entre la Unión Europea y Asia. El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre las estrategias de partida planteadas ante la Cuarta Revolución Industrial, analiza el entorno socioeconómico y político actual que condiciona las relaciones posibles entre los distintos países y plantea cuál sería el camino a seguir por la Unión Europea en cuanto al posible acercamiento a nuevos socios teniendo en cuenta lo que resultaría más beneficioso y lo que se tornará más probable., Máster en Relaciones Internacionales y Estudios Asiáticos

En este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se ha estudiado la importancia que actualmente tienen las redes sociales en las empresas, a través de un caso práctico como es la marca del Servicio de Deportes de la Universidad de Valladolid, Campus de Segovia. Para ello hemos empezado dando unas pinceladas sobre su aparición, evolución y cómo han revolucionado la comunicación en la sociedad contemporánea. Abordamos lo que son los denominados nativos digitales, sus principales características y, entre ellas, el cambio que ha supuesto las redes sociales en las maneras que tienen de sociabilizar y de emplear su tiempo libre. En contraste con épocas anteriores, los nativos digitales se relacionan de modo distinto con el mundo del deporte y del ocio en el exterior. En segundo lugar, se expone un caso práctico. Se trata del desarrollo de la cuenta de Instagram del Servicio de Deportes denominada @deportes_uvasg entre los años 2020 y 2021, en medio de la pandemia del COVID 19, y las circunstancias que llevaron a abrir una nueva cuenta de Instagram y cómo se hizo. Finalmente, el trabajo se detiene en exponer, analizar y comentar las acciones que más repercusión tuvieron en la cuenta de Instagram y que estaban ligadas a unos objetivos de comunicación previamente establecidos., Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas

Programación didáctica del MP procesos Repostería y Pastelería y UT cremas, rellenos y chocolate del ciclo de grado medio de técnico de Pastelería, Repostería y Confitería., Máster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSIC, Deficits in fear conditioning related to psychopathy have been widely studied in adults. However, evidence in children and adolescents is scarce and inconsistent. This research aimed to expand knowledge about fear conditioning in psychopathy and its dimensions in child and early adolescent clinical populations. Participants were 45 boys (outpatients) aged 6-14 years (M=10.59, SD=2.04). They were assessed with the parents' and teachers' versions of the Child Problematic Traits Inventory (CPTI). A fear conditioning paradigm (Neumann et al., in Biological Psychology, 79(3), 337-342, 2008) for children and adolescents was used. Conditioned stimuli (CS+and CS-) were geometric shapes and the unconditioned stimulus (US) was, an unpleasant sound of metal scraping on slate (83 dB). Diference scores (CS+minus CS-) in skin conductance responses (SCR) and self-reported cognitive and afective measures were considered as indices of fear conditioning. Results showed that: a) defcits in fear conditioning were related to some psychopathy dimensions but not to psychopathy as a unitary construct; b) the Impulsivity-Need for Stimulation dimension was a predictor of impaired fear conditioning at a cognitive level; c) the interaction of Callous-Unemotional and Impulsivity-Need for Stimulation dimensions was a signifcant predictor of impaired electrodermal fear conditioning; d) by contrast, the Grandiose-Deceitful dimension, was marginally associated with a greater electrodermal fear conditioning. In conclusion, psychopathy dimensions and their interactions, but not psychopathy as a whole, predicted defcits in fear conditioning as measured by SCR and cognitive indices. These fndings confrm the notion that psychopathic traits are associated with defcits in fear conditioning in child and adolescent clinical populations and provide support for a multidimensional approach to youth psychopathy.

The ViCon-Jovenes program responds to the problems expressed by the families of the AFATARC association. Their sons/daughters with conduct disorders are in a precarious position when they reach adulthood as there are no residential resources to suit their needs and their diagnosis implies an interference in different aspects of their life which, at the same time, doesn't guarantee decent living conditions. The social services offered by the state or regional administration do not offer programs that allow young people with this health problem to obtain a residential place at the same time as they receive treatment. The absence of these services causes a resource gap that leads young people to end up homeless or starting or continuing a criminal career. With the program tailored to help the young adults, their families and society as a whole, we can avoid this situation and prepare young people for their adult life in the community. The work is tailored to the needs identified by the literature and the families. The aim is to design a program to provide supervised housing for the youth of the families of the Association of Relatives Affected by Conduct Disorders [Associació de Familiars d'Afectats amb Trastorns de Conducta] (AFATRAC) once they have reached the age of majority.

The current study examined the psychometric properties (factor structure, reliability and validity) of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV; Forth et al., 2003) in Spanish samples of male justice-involved youths between 15 and 22-years old. The PCL:YV was administered to two groups of youths who were incarcerated (n = 62; n = 95) and a sample of youth on probation (n = 122). Confirmatory factor analyses showed acceptable-to-good fit for three- and four-factor models. The four-factor hierarchical model with a second-order higher factor representing the whole psychopathy construct was considered for further analyses. PCL:YV scores showed high internal consistency and inter-rater reliability. Low-to-moderate convergence with other measures of psychopathic traits evinced an adequate convergent validity. Convergent and discriminant validity of the PCL:YV total scores were also confirmed considering several measures of psychopathology and personality traits. Importantly, the differential external correlates of the PCL:YV factors provide support for a multidimensional conceptualization of the psychopathy construct. Altogether, these results reveal adequate psychometric properties of the PCL:YV in Spanish population of justice-involved youths and justifies its use to assess psychopathic traits in this kind of populations.

This article reflects on the relevance of popular culture in teaching IR and political science. Specifically, we present an active learning activity which includes the collective discussion of two comic strips —“The battle of the packets” and “Sharia Japanese style” (Tok Tok Anthology, 2018)—. Our first aim was for students to learn about North African and specifically aboutthe 2011 antiauthoritarian popular protests (or the so-called “Arab Spring”) as well as the main factors that caused them. Beyond this acquisition of basic knowledge, the designed activityaimed to enable students to “make sense” of the fact by using social theory movements’ key concepts. Finally, the activity was intended to encourage students to reflect on the impact of(mainstream and non-mainstream) representations in their learning process and to engage them with the region by promoting higher levels of empathy with local actors. Preliminaryresult show that students increased their knowledge about the region. While only one student (out of 14) was able to establish the causes of the 2011 regional event before the activity,almost all of them (13/14) were able to explain the factors behind the mobilizations after the activity took place. Moreover, many students referred specifically to concepts such us “window of opportunity”, “example” or “cleavages” after the activity. Finally, during the post-activity class discussions, students showed a higher sense of empathy and pointed out how relevant the comic was to better understand the actors working within the region., Este artículo reflexiona sobre la relevancia de la cultura popular en la enseñanza de las relaciones internacionales y la ciencia política. Específicamente, presentamos una actividad de aprendizaje activo que incluye la discusión colectiva de dos tiras cómicas: “La batalla de los panfletos” y “Sharía a la japonesa” (Antología Tok Tok, 2018). Nuestro primer objetivo fue que los estudiantes aprendieran sobre el norte de África y, específicamente, sobre las protestas populares antiautoritarias de 2011 (conocidas como Primavera Árabe) y sus principales factores. Además de este objetivo referido a la adquisición de conocimiento básico, la actividad pretendía que los estudiantes dieran sentido a los hechos usando conceptos de la teoría de movimientos sociales. Finalmente, la actividad buscaba animar a los estudiantes a reflexionar sobre el impacto de las representaciones (mayoritarias y no mayoritarias) en su proceso de aprendizaje y atraer su interés hacia la región promoviendo mayores niveles de empatía con actores locales. Los resultados preliminares muestran que los estudiantes aumentan su conocimiento del norte de África. Mientras solo un estudiante entre catorce fue capaz de establecer las causas de las revueltas de 2011 antes de la actividad, después de la misma la mayoría (trece de catorce) pudieron desarrollar los factores explicativos de las movilizaciones. Además, la mayoría de los estudiantes se refería a cuestiones como “ventana de oportunidad”, “ejemplo” o “clivajes”. Finalmente, durante la discusión que se produjo en clase después de la actividad, los estudiantes mostraron mayor sentido de la empatía y señalaron cómo el cómic había sido relevante para entender mejor a los actores de la región.

Hearing loss is the most prevalent sensorineural impairment in humans. Yet despite very active research, no effective therapy other than the cochlear implant has reached the clinic. Main reasons for this failure are the multifactorial nature of the disorder, its heterogeneity, and a late onset that hinders the identification of etiological factors. Another problem is the lack of human samples such that practically all the work has been conducted on animals. Although highly valuable data have been obtained from such models, there is the risk that inter-species differences exist that may compromise the relevance of the gathered data. Human-based models are therefore direly needed. The irruption of human induced pluripotent stem cell technologies in the field of hearing research offers the possibility to generate an array of otic cell models of human origin; these may enable the identification of guiding signalling cues during inner ear development and of the mechanisms that lead from genetic alterations to pathology. These models will also be extremely valuable when conducting ototoxicity analyses and when exploring new avenues towards regeneration in the inner ear. This review summarises some of the work that has already been conducted with these cells and contemplates future possibilities.

El Buxu cave, which is located in the village of Cardes (Cangas de Onís, Asturias), has been studied since the 1980s, with multiple excavations taking place inside the cave. This work has uncovered a complete artistic corpus, marking out several phases of occupation, with paintings dating to the first phases of the Upper Palaeolithic, Solutrean and Lower and Middle Magdalenian periods. This paper presents a new review of its rock art, documenting all of the red paintings inside the cave, most of which have never been published up until this point. The most notable inclusion is the new description of a zoomorphic figure painted in red, which has previously been interpreted as an aurochs, but whose features are in fact closer to those of a deer or reindeer. In addition, stratigraphic analysis of some of the paintings has revealed that they are overlapped by Solutrean and Magdalenian engravings and black paintings inside the cave. Elemental analysis was performed on series of red pigments and ochre samples, recovered from various strata using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The resulting dataset was treated using Principal Component Analysis, providing a deeper understanding of the composition of the rock art in El Buxu cave, while uncovering potential correlations between the samples ac- cording to their elemental composition. After comparing additional evidences from other red cave paintings in the region with the red pictographs in the cave, along with the stratification of paint pigments and their relationship with the ochre samples in each stratum, it appears that the red paintings comprise the oldest group of pictures inside the cave and can be broadly dated to the pre-Magdalenian cultural period.

The Sella Valley provided refuge for Neanderthal groups during the Middle Paleolithic and the transition to the Upper Paleolithic. During the Upper Paleolithic it functioned as a homogeneous territory, with base camps on the coast and deposits of temporary occupation and logistical utility in the interior sites. This is shown in the deposits of the middle river basin, near Cangas de Onís, as indicated by archaeological remains and artistic manifestations., El valle del Sella acogió grupos neandertales durante el Paleolítico medio y la transición al Paleolítico superior. Durante el Paleolítico superior funcionó como un territorio homogéneo, con campamentos base en la costa y yacimientos de ocupación temporal y utilidad logística al interior. Así se muestra en los yacimientos del curso medio, próximos a Cangas de Onís, según indican los restos arqueológicos y las manifestaciones artísticas.

This paper reviews the available information about the excavations carried out by Miguel Ángel García Guinea (1970) and J. Alfonso Moure Romanillo (1972-1986) in the chamber in Tito Bustillo cave known as the Living Area. It highlights the publication of new data about the deposit, comprising radiocarbon dates and the analyses of biotic remains (large mammals, birds, fish, molluscs, bone industry and objects of adornment) and abiotic artefacts (provenance of lithic raw materials). It also provides the preliminary results of the archaeological fieldwork in the same part of the cave in 2020, which consisted of surveying the area and cleaning up the sections left by the excavations in the 1970s and 80s, in order to collect different types of samples and acquire a better understanding of the dynamic of the deposit, En este artículo se revisa la información disponible sobre las intervenciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en la conocida como Área de Estancia de la cueva de Tito Bustillo, tanto por Miguel Ángel García Guinea (campaña de 1970), como por J. Alfonso Moure Romanillo (campañas de 1972 a 1986). Se hace particular hincapié en la publicación de nuevos datos sobre el yacimiento, relacionados con dataciones radiocarbónicas y con determinados análisis llevados a cabo a partir de los restos de origen biótico (mamíferos, aves, peces, moluscos, industria ósea y objetos de adorno) y abiótico (procedencia de las materias primas líticas). Por último, se adelantan los primeros resultados sobre la intervención arqueológica llevada a cabo en el año 2020 en esta zona de la cueva, que consistió en la realización de la topografía y en la limpieza de los perfiles dejados en las intervenciones de los años setenta y ochenta del siglo pasado, con el objeto de tomar muestras de diferentes tipos, destinadas a comprender mejor la dinámica del yacimiento

Background: Aspergillus produces high morbidity and mortality, especially in at-risk populations. In Spain, the evolution of mortality in recent years due to this fungus is not well established. The aim of this study was to estimate the case fatality rate of aspergillosis in inpatients from 1997 to 2017 in Spain. (2) Methodology: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted with records of inpatients admitted to the National Health System with a diagnosis of aspergillosis. (3) Principal findings: Of 32,960 aspergillosis inpatients, 24.5% of deaths were registered, and 71% of the patients who died were men. The percentage of deaths increased progressively with age. The case fatality rate progressively decreased over the period, from 25.4 and 27.8% in 1997–1998 to values of 20.6 and 20.8% in 2016 and 2017. Influenza and pneumonia occurrence/association significantly increased case fatality rates in all cases. (4) Conclusions: Our study shows that lethality significantly decreased in the last two decades despite the increase in cases. This highlights the fact that patients with solid and/or hematological cancer do not have a much higher mortality rate than the group of patients with pneumonia or influenza alone, these two factors being the ones that cause the highest CFRs. We also need studies that analyze the causes of mortality to decrease it and studies that evaluate the impact of COVID-19.

A comprehensive understanding of the complex embryo-maternal interactions during the preimplantation period requires the analysis of the very early stages of pregnancy encompassing early embryonic development, maternal recognition and the events leading to implantation. Despite the fact that embryo development until blastocyst stage is somewhat autonomous (i.e., does not require contact with the maternal reproductive tract and can be successfully recapitulated in vitro), many studies on ruminant embryo production have focused on the fundamental question of why: (i) only 30%-40% of immature oocytes develop to the blastocyst stage and (ii) the quality of such blastocysts continually lags behind that of blastocysts produced in vivo. Clear evidence indicates that in vitro culture conditions are far from optimal with deficiencies being manifested in short- and long-term effects on the embryo. Thus, enhanced knowledge of mechanisms controlling embryo-maternal interactions would allow the design of novel strategies to improve in vitro embryo conditions and reproductive outcomes in cattle.

No se puede enseñar el español ni ninguna lengua sin una buena base y un mejor soporte gramatical, porque para multitud de temas, uno de ellos la negación, son imprescindibles los conceptos gramaticales, ya que, si no, no se entiende la estructura ni los modelos, ni los cambios y sustituciones. Y, aunque es fundamental conocer los mecanismos de la negación en una lengua, este tema está relegado al mayor de los olvidos en las clases de español para extranjeros, y tampoco se explica en la inmensa mayoría de las obras cuyo fin es acercar nuestra lengua a los no hispanohablantes. Y ni en las más tradicionales, ni en libros de ejercicios ni en las gramáticas comunicativas, se estudia como tal la negación

Spread of antimicrobial resistance and shortage of novel antibiotics have led to an urgent need for new antibacterials. Although aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs) are very potent anti-infectives, their use is largely restricted due to serious side-effects, mainly nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. We evaluated the ototoxicity of various AGs selected from a larger set of AGs on the basis of their strong antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of the ESKAPE panel: gentamicin, gentamicin C1a, apramycin, paromomycin and neomycin. Following local round window application, dose-dependent effects of AGs on outer hair cell survival and compound action potentials showed gentamicin C1a and apramycin as the least toxic. Strikingly, although no changes were observed in compound action potential thresholds and outer hair cell survival following treatment with low concentrations of neomycin, gentamicin and paromomycin, the number of inner hair cell synaptic ribbons and the compound action potential amplitudes were reduced. This indication of hidden hearing loss was not observed with gentamicin C1a or apramycin at such concentrations. These findings identify the inner hair cells as the most vulnerable element to AG treatment, indicating that gentamicin C1a and apramycin are promising bases for the development of clinically useful antibiotics.

This study aimed to examine the local embryo effect on the transcriptomic response of the epithelial cells of the oviduct in vivo. Fifteen heifers were synchronized and artificially inseminated to a standing heat. All heifers were slaughtered on Day 2.5 after oestrus. The oviducts from 13 animals were isolated, trimmed free of tissue and divided between ampulla/isthmus. The ipsilateral isthmus was divided into smaller sections (2 cm). Each section was sequentially flushed until the embryo was located (4/13) and then opened and scraped longitudinally to obtain the epithelial cells. Cells were snap-frozen in LN2 for gene expression analysis. All recovered embryos were found at the beginning of the isthmus. The 2 cm sections selected for the transcriptomic analysis were as follows: embryo section (in which the embryo was found); proximal section (through which the embryo had passed); distal section (on the uterine side of the embryo); and contralateral section (section from the contralateral isthmus). The expression pattern of eight genes (STK32A, KERA, QRFPR, MCTP1, PRELP, VAT1L, SOCS3 and CCL20) differentially expressed between the isthmus of pregnant (multiple embryo model) and cyclic heifers were assessed by RT-qPCR. One-way ANOVA and t test was used for statistical analysis. Comparisons between ipsilateral and contralateral oviduct or along the ipsilateral oviduct resulted in no differences for all genes. Despite the failure to detect a site-specific response of a single embryo on the abundance of distinct transcripts in the bovine oviduct in vivo on Day 2.5, the current methodology with proposed modifications would be useful for future studies to examine the local embryo effect.

During its journey through the oviduct, the bovine embryo may induce transcriptomic and metabolic responses, via direct or indirect contact, from bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOECs). An in vitro model using polyester mesh was established, allowing the study of the local contact during 48 h between a BOEC monolayer and early embryos (2- or 8-cell stage) or their respective conditioned media (CM). The transcriptomic response of BOEC to early embryos was assessed by analyzing the transcript abundance of SMAD6, TDGF1, ROCK1, ROCK2, SOCS3, PRELP and AGR3 selected from previous in vivo studies and GPX4, NFE2L2, SCN9A, EPSTI1 and IGFBP3 selected from in vitro studies. Moreover, metabolic analyses were performed on the media obtained from the co-culture. Results revealed that presence of early embryos or their CM altered the BOEC expression of NFE2L2, GPX4, SMAD6, IGFBP3, ROCK2 and SCN9A. However, the response of BOEC to two-cell embryos or their CM was different from that observed to eight-cell embryos or their CM. Analysis of energy substrates and amino acids revealed that BOEC metabolism was not affected by the presence of early embryos or by their CM. Interestingly, embryo metabolism before embryo genome activation (EGA) seems to be independent of exogenous sources of energy. In conclusion, this study confirms that early embryos affect BOEC transcriptome and BOEC response was embryo stage specific. Moreover, embryo affects BOEC via a direct contact or via its secretions. However transcriptomic response of BOEC to the embryo did not manifest as an observable metabolic response.