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Objectives To compare the outcomes and cost of open and robotic-assisted ileovesicostomy techniques for the adult neurogenic bladder patient. Methods Consecutive open and robotic-assisted ileovesicostomy procedures were retrospectively reviewed for demographic, operative, and postoperative recovery data. Surgical outcome was assessed by examining the incidence of postprocedure urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and upper tract compromise. Total cost was calculated through summation of inpatient costs, including room/board, operating/recovery room, surgical supplies, professional fees, intensive care unit, and robotic maintenance. Results Fifteen ileovesicostomy procedures (7 open, 8 robotic) were reviewed. Both groups had similar demographic and urodynamic data. Operative times (293 min open vs 330 min robotic, P = .24) were similar between techniques. There were trends toward lower operative blood loss (100 mL vs 257 mL, P = .09) and shorter hospital stays in the robotic group (8 days vs 11 days, P = .14). Ileovesicostomy was associated with improved urinary continence ( P = .02) and trended toward a decreased incidence of postoperative chronic UTI ( P = .13) for the entire group, and there was no difference between techniques regarding continence, chronic UTIs, and complications. No patients in either group developed postoperative hydronephrosis. Total inpatient cost for the open and robotic groups was $14,356 and $17,344 ( P = .05), which differed primarily because of higher robotic operating room supply costs ($609 vs $3770, P Conclusion Robotic and open ileovesicostomy had similar surgical outcomes in this patient cohort, although total inpatient costs were significantly higher in the robotic group.

Purpose: It is not yet possible to estimate the number of cases required for a beginner to become expert in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. We estimated the learning curve of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for positive surgical margins compared to a published learning curve for open radical prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: We reviewed records from 8,544 consecutive patients with prostate cancer treated laparoscopically by 51 surgeons at 14 academic institutions in Europe and the United States. The probability of a positive surgical margin was calculated as a function of surgeon experience with adjustment for pathological stage, Gleason score and prostate specific antigen. A second model incorporated prior experience with open radical prostatectomy and surgeon generation. Results: Positive surgical margins occurred in 1,862 patients (22%). There was an apparent improvement in surgical margin rates up to a plateau at 200 to 250 surgeries. Changes in margin rates once this plateau was reached were relatively minimal relative to the CIs. The absolute risk difference for 10 vs 250 prior surgeries was 4.8% (95% CI 1.5, 8.5). Neither surgeon generation nor prior open radical prostatectomy experience was statistically significant when added to the model. The rate of decrease in positive surgical margins was more rapid in the open vs laparoscopic learning curve. Conclusions: The learning curve for surgical margins after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy plateaus at approximately 200 to 250 cases. Prior open experience and surgeon generation do not improve the margin rate, suggesting that the rate is primarily a function of specifically laparoscopic training and experience.

The true pathophysiologic nature of Peyronie's disease continues to evolve. This pathology often results in a penile plaque(s), penile deformity, curvature, pain, and erectile dysfunction. Clinically, there are two distinct phases, acute and chronic. The focus of this review will center on the management of the acute phase of Peyronie's disease. While little data exists demonstrating disease resolution, disease stabilization is an important clinical goal for patients as this often allows acceptable sexual function. Thus, medical management during the acute phase of Peyronie's disease is aimed at limiting and stabilizing the degree of penile fibrosis, decreasing penile curvature, and reducing penile pain. In this manuscript we explain different therapies; oral, topical, intralesional injection and others like extracorporeal shockwave (ESWT), radiation and penile traction for acute phase of Peyronie's disease. Although no consensus exists for the treatment of acute phase Peyronie's disease, a majority of patients can achieve stabilization and in some cases regression of their disease with proper medical therapy. The goals of therapy should be discussed extensively with each patient, noting that erectile function will be likely despite some degree of curvature.

La verdadera naturaleza fisiopatológica de la enfermedad de Peyronie sigue evolucionando. Esta patología suele traducirse en una placa (s) en el pene, deformidad, incurvación, dolor y disfunción eréctil. Clínicamente, hay dos fases definidas, aguda y crónica. Esta revisión se centrará en el manejo de la fase aguda de la enfermedad de Peyronie. Si bien existen pocos datos que manifiesten la resolución de la enfermedad, la estabilización es un objetivo clínico importante para los pacientes ya que permite a menudo una función sexual aceptable. Por lo tanto, el tratamiento médico durante la fase aguda de la enfermedad de Peyronie tiene como objetivo limitar y estabilizar el grado de fibrosis del pene, disminuyendo la curvatura del pene, y, reduciendo el dolor. Detallamos a continuación diferentes terapias para el tratamiento de la fase aguda de la enfermedad de Peyronie, tales como oral, tópica, inyección intralesional y otras como la Terapia Extracorpórea con Ondas de Choque (LEOC). Terapia de radiación y tracción del pene. Aunque no existe consenso para el tratamiento de la fase aguda de la enfermedad de Peyronie, la mayoría de los pacientes puede lograr la estabilización y en algunos casos la regresión de su enfermedad, con el tratamiento médico adecuado. Los objetivos de la terapia deben ser ampliamente discutidos con cada paciente, teniendo en cuenta que la función eréctil es probable, a pesar de cierto grado de curvatura.

Objectives To assess the safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted ileovesicostomy in treating patients with a neurogenic bladder that is unsuitable for clean intermittent self-catheterization. Methods Robotic-assisted ileovesicostomy was performed using a 5-port approach for patients with a neurogenic bladder unable to tolerate clean intermittent or chronic bladder catheterization. Intraperitoneal operative steps included the creation of a full thickness U-shaped posterior bladder wall flap, intracorporeal harvesting of 15 cm of terminal ileum for use as a urinary conduit, and intracorporeal enterovesical anastomosis. Then, a counter incision was made over the marked stoma site on the abdominal wall, and bowel continuity was restored through an extracorporeal side-side anastomosis by the stomal incision. Ileovesicostomy stoma maturation was then completed. Results Eight robotic ileovesicostomies were performed. The median patient age was 53 years, body mass index was 29.0 kg/m 2 , and preoperative bladder compliance was 5.7 mL/cm/H 2 O. The median blood loss was 100 mL. The median operative time was 330 minutes (range 240-420). No intraoperative complications occurred. Four patients had postoperative complications, including urethral incontinence (2) and ileus (2). No wound complications occurred. Bowel function returned after a median of 4.8 days after surgery, and median hospital stay was 7.7 days. Over a median 14-month follow-up, all patients had a functioning ileovesicostomy, and median postoperative residual bladder volume was 10 mL. Conclusions This study is the first to describe the robotic ileovesicostomy procedure. Robotic ileovesicostomy appears to be safe and effective, with low morbidity.

OBJECTIVE To identify the frequency of change in the expression and localization of p120ctn in bladder tumours and its association with clinical outcomes, and to investigate the potential role of p120ctn in the migratory and invasive behaviour of bladder carcinoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 425 superficial tumour specimens (Ta, Tis and T1) and 305 invasive (T2–T4) tumour specimens from 534 patients were assembled in 10 tissue microarrays. P120ctn immunostaining was scored for intensity and cellular localization and correlated with clinical variables and survival analysis. Knockdown of p120ctn was achieved using small-interference RNA (siRNA) followed by the assessment of migration and invasion behaviour in standard in vitro assays. RESULTS The expression levels of p120 catenin inversely correlated with pathological tumour stage (P

One million nosocomial infections occur each year in patients with prosthetic devices. We analyzed a polypropylene mesh coated with nanocrystalline silver particles (NCSP) as a means of preventing such infections.Nanocrystalline silver was applied to polypropylene mesh using physical vapor deposition in three doses: low (0.31 mg/cm(2)), medium (0.64 mg/cm(2)), and high (1.13 mg/cm(2)). The zone of inhibition (ZOI) test was conducted by incubating either uncoated polypropylene mesh (UM) or silver-coated mesh (CM) with and without various amounts of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and then on agar plates with Staphylococcus aureus and calculating the ZOI. The bactericidal effects of the NCSP-coated meshes were assessed by incubating either UM or CM in medium with S. aureus and performing serial dilutions at 4 and 8 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface of UM and CM with and without bacterial incubation.There was an increasing ZOI for low-, medium-, and high-dose CM and no ZOI for UM (p0.001 for all CM compared with UM). Incubating the mesh with various amounts of BSA produced persistent ZOIs with the medium- and high-dose CM; however, the low-dose CM became attenuated by such treatment, with no ZOI being seen with meshes incubated in 10% BSA. All concentrations of CM were bactericidal, as no bacteria grew at 8 h of incubation. The SEM images showed clusters of S. aureus on the surface of UM and no clusters on CM.The CM demonstrated significant bactericidal activity compared with UM. Nanocrystalline silver particles may decrease the incidence of postoperative prosthetic mesh infections and be useful as a coating for other prosthetic materials.