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151. still a concern in patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients-authors' response

Author

Cordonnier, Catherine, Alanio, Alexandre, Cesaro, Simone, Maschmeyer, Georg, Einsele, Hermann, Donnelly, J. Peter, Hauser, Philippe M., Lagrou, Katrien, Melchers, Willem J.G., Helweg-Larsen, Jannik, Matos, Olga, Bretagne, Stephane, Maertens, Johan, Agrawal, Samir, Akova, Murat, Aljurf, Mahmoud, Averbuch, Dina, Berg, Thomas, Blennow, Ola, Bruggemann, Roger, Calandra, Thierry, Castagnola, Elio, Cornely, Oliver, De La Camara, Rafael, Drgona, Lubos, Duarte, Rafael, Engelhard, Dan, Girmenia, Corrado, Hargreaves, Ruth, Herbrecht, Raoul, Hirsch, Hans, Hubacek, Petr, Kibbler, Christopher, Klyasova, Galina, Kouba, Michal, Kullberg, Bart Jan, Ljungman, Per, Mallet, Vincent, Marchetti, Oscar, Mikulska, Malgorzata, Munoz, Patricia, Orasch, Christina, Pagano, Livio, Pagliuca, Antonio, Penack, Olaf, Pettrikos, George, Racil, Zdenek, Ribaud, Patricia, Rizzi-Puechal, Valerie, Roilides, Emmanuel, on behalf of the Fifth European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL-5), The European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Immunocompromised Host Society (ICHS) and The European LeukemiaNet (ELN), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), and TB, HIV and opportunistic diseases and pathogens (THOP)

Subjects
Carinii-pneumonia, Aids, Infectious Diseases, ECIL guidelines, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Outbreaks, Infection, Infants, Management
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-24T00:56:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-04-01 publishersversion published

Published
2017

152. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: still a concern in patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients-authors' response

Author

Cordonnier, Catherine, Alanio, Alexandre, Cesaro, Simone, Maschmeyer, Georg, Einsele, Hermann, Donnelly, J. Peter, Hauser, Philippe M., Lagrou, Katrien, Melchers, Willem J. G., Helweg-Larsen, Jannik, Matos, Olga, Bretagne, Stéphane, Maertens, Johan, Agrawal, Samir, Akova, Murat, Aljurf, Mahmoud, Averbuch, Dina, Berg, Thomas, Blennow, Ola, Brüggemann, Roger, Calandra, Thierry, Castagnola, Elio, Cornely, Oliver, De La Camara, Rafael, Drgona, Lubos, Duarte, Rafael, Engelhard, Dan, Girmenia, Corrado, Hargreaves, Ruth, Herbrecht, Raoul, Hirsch, Hans, Hubacek, Petr, Kibbler, Christopher, Klyasova, Galina, Kouba, Michal, Kullberg, Bart-Jan, Ljungman, Per, Mallet, Vincent, Marchetti, Oscar, Mikulska, Malgorzata, Munoz, Patricia, Orasch, Christina, Pagano, Livio, Pagliuca, Antonio, Penack, Olaf, Pettrikos, George, Racil, Zdenek, Ribaud, Patricia, Rizzi-Puechal, Valérie, Roilides, Emmanuel, Sinko, Janos, Skiada, Anna, Slavin, Monica, Styczynski, Jan, Tissot, Frederic, Tweddle, Lorraine, van Boemmel, Florian, von Lilienfeld-Toal, Marie, Viscoli, Claudio, Ward, Katherine, and Wood, Craig

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, HIV Infections, Pneumocystis carinii, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Hematologic Neoplasms, Humans, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Stem Cell Transplantation, Pharmacology, Pharmacology (medical), Infectious Diseases, Medicine, In patient, Intensive care medicine, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, business.industry, Pneumocystis, PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI, Pneumocystis jiroveci, infection, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia, Pneumocystis jiroveci, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, infection, Women's cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 17], Stem cell, business, Inflammatory diseases Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 5]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 169784.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)

Published
2017

153. Variable Correlation between Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Fungal Load and Serum-(1,3)-βD-Glucan in Patients with Pneumocystosis--A Multicenter ECMM Excellence Center Study.

Author

Mercier, Toine, Aissaoui, Nesrine, Gits-Muselli, Maud, Hamane, Samia, Prattes, Juergen, Kessler, Harald H., Mareković, Ivana, Pleško, Sanja, Steinmann, Jörg, Scharmann, Ulrike, Maertens, Johan, Lagrou, Katrien, Denis, Blandine, Bretagne, Stéphane, and Alanio, Alexandre

Subjects
BRONCHOALVEOLAR lavage, SERUM, PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia, BACTERIAL diseases, BIOMARKERS
Abstract

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is a difficult invasive infection to diagnose. Apart from microscopy of respiratory specimens, two diagnostic tests are increasingly used including real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) of respiratory specimens, mainly in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BAL), and serum β-1,3-D-glucan (BDG). It is still unclear how these two biomarkers can be used and interpreted in various patient populations. Here we analyzed retrospectively and multicentrically the correlation between BAL qPCR and serum BDG in various patient population, including mainly non-HIV patients. It appeared that a good correlation can be obtained in HIV patients and solid organ transplant recipients but no correlation can be observed in patients with hematologic malignancies, solid cancer, and systemic diseases. This observation reinforces recent data suggesting that BDG is not the best marker of PCP in non-HIV patients, with potential false positives due to other IFI or bacterial infections and false-negatives due to low fungal load and low BDG release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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154. Quantification of Pneumocystis jirovecii: Cross-Platform Comparison of One qPCR Assay with Leading Platforms and Six Master Mixes.

Author

Dellière, Sarah, Gits-Muselli, Maud, White, P. Lewis, Mengoli, Carlo, Bretagne, Stéphane, and Alanio, Alexandre

Subjects
PNEUMOCYSTIS jiroveci, POLYMERASE chain reaction, PNEUMONIA, NUCLEIC acids, DNA
Abstract

Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia relies on nucleic acid quantification in respiratory samples. Lack of standardization among molecular assays results in significant differences among assays/centers. To further promote standardization, we compared four thermocyclers and six master mixes for the detection of P. jirovecii. Whole nucleic acid (WNA) was extracted from broncho-alveolar lavages. Positive and negative sample extracts were pooled to get enough homogeneous materials. Three master mixes were tested to detect DNA by qPCR (D1, D2, and D3), and three to detect WNA by reverse transcriptase qPCR (W1, W2, and W3) manufactured by Roche, Eurogentec, Applied Biosystem, Invitrogen and Thermofischer Scientific. Experiments were performed on four thermocyclers (Roche LightCycler 480, Qiagen Rotor-Gene Q, Applied Biosystem ABI7500, and QuantStudio). Comparison of quantitative cycle (Cq) values between the methods targeting WNA versus DNA showed lower Cq values for WNA, independently of thermocycler and master mix. For high and low fungal loads, DCq values between DNA and WNA amplification were 6.97 (±2.95) and 5.81 (±3.30), respectively (p < 0.0001). Regarding DNA detection, lower Cqs were obtained with D1 compared to D2 and D3, with median DCq values of 2.6 (p = 0.015) and 2.9 (p = 0.039) respectively. Regarding WNA detection, no mix was superior to the others. PCR efficiency was not significantly different according to the qPCR platform (p = 0.14). This study confirmed the superiority of WNA over DNA detection. A calibration method (e.g., an international standard) for accurate comparative assessment of fungal load seems necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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155. Emerging mould infections: Get prepared to meet unexpected fungi in your patient.

Author

Dellière, Sarah, Rivero-Menendez, Olga, Gautier, Cécile, Garcia-Hermoso, Dea, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana, and Alanio, Alexandre

Abstract

Invasive fungal diseases are increasing issues in modern medicine, where the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic and the wider use of immunosuppressive drugs generate an ever-growing number of immunocompromised patients with an increased susceptibility to uncommon fungal pathogens. In the past decade, new species have been reported as being responsible for disseminated and invasive fungal diseases in humans. Among them, the following genera are rare but seem emerging issues: Scopulariopsis, Hormographiella, Emergomyces, Westerdykella, Trametes, Actinomucor, Saksenaea, Apophysomyces , and Rhytidhysteron. Delay in diagnosis, which is often the case in these infections, jeopardizes patients' prognosis and leads to increased mortality. Here we summarize the clinical and biological presentation and the key features to identify these emerging pathogens and we discuss the available antifungal classes to treat them. We focused on Pubmed to recover extensively reported human invasive cases and articles regarding the nine previously cited fungal organisms. Information concerning patient background, macroscopic and microscopic description and pictures of these fungal organisms, histological features in tissues, findings with commonly used antigen tests in practice, and hints on potential efficient antifungal classes were gathered. This review's purpose is to help clinical microbiologists and physicians to suspect, identify, diagnose, and treat newly encountered fungi in hospital settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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156. Time to and differential time to blood culture positivity for assessing catheter‐related yeast fungaemia: A longitudinal, 7‐year study in a single university hospital.

Author

Gits‐Muselli, Maud, Villiers, Stéphane, Hamane, Samia, Berçot, Béatrice, Donay, Jean‐Luc, Denis, Blandine, Guigue, Nicolas, Alanio, Alexandre, and Bretagne, Stéphane

Subjects
CATHETER-related infections, CENTRAL venous catheters, UNIVERSITY hospitals, CANDIDA albicans, YEAST
Abstract

Summary: Background: Time to positivity (TTP) and differential time to positivity (DTTP) between central and peripheral blood cultures are commonly used for bacteraemia to evaluate the likelihood of central venous catheter (CVC)‐related bloodstream infection. Few studies have addressed these approaches to yeast fungaemia. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate TTP and DTTP to assess CVC‐related yeast fungaemia (CVC‐RYF). Patients/Methods: We retrospectively analysed the results from 105 adult patients with incident fungaemia, with CVC removed and cultured, collected from 2010 to 2017. The bottles were incubated in a BioMérieux BacT/ALERT 3D and kept for at least 5 days. Results: Of the 105 patients included, most were oncology patients (85.7%) and had of long‐term CVC (79.6%); 32 (30.5%) had a culture‐positive CVC (defined as CVC‐RYF) with the same species as in blood culture, and 69.5% had culture‐negative CVC (defined as non‐CVC‐RYF, NCVC‐RYF). Candida albicans represented 46% of the episodes. The median TTP was statistically different between CVC‐RYF and NCVC‐RYF (16.8 hours interquartile range (IQR) [9.7‐28.6] vs 29.4 hours [IQR 20.7‐41.3]; P =.001). A TTP <10 hours had the best positive likelihood ratio (21.5) for CVC‐RYF, although the sensitivity was only 28%. DTTP was available for 52 patients. A DTTP >5 hours had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 71% for CVC‐RYF. Conclusions: Since the median TTP was 17 hours and the most performing DTTP >5 hours, these delays are too long to take a decision in the same operational day. More rapid methods for detecting infected catheters should be tested to avoid unnecessary CVC withdrawal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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159. Primary antifungal prophylaxis with micafungin after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a monocentric prospective study

Author

Xhaard, Aliénor, primary, Porcher, Raphael, additional, Bergeron, Anne, additional, Alanio, Alexandre, additional, Touratier, Sophie, additional, Bretagne, Stéphane, additional, de Margerie-Mellon, Constance, additional, Sicre de Fontbrune, Flore, additional, Itzykson, Raphael, additional, Coman, Tereza, additional, Robin, Marie, additional, Cabannes-Hamy, Aurélie, additional, Socié, Gérard, additional, and Peffault de Latour, Régis, additional

Published
2018
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167. In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of a Novel and Long-Acting Fungicidal Azole, PC1244, on Aspergillus fumigatus Infection

Author

Colley, Thomas, primary, Sehra, Gurpreet, additional, Chowdhary, Anuradha, additional, Alanio, Alexandre, additional, Kelly, Steven L., additional, Kizawa, Yasuo, additional, Armstrong-James, Darius, additional, Fisher, Matthew C., additional, Warrilow, Andrew G. S., additional, Parker, Josie E., additional, Kelly, Diane E., additional, Kimura, Genki, additional, Nishimoto, Yuki, additional, Sunose, Mihiro, additional, Onions, Stuart, additional, Crepin, Damien, additional, Lagasse, Franz, additional, Crittall, Matthew, additional, Shannon, Jonathan, additional, McConville, Matthew, additional, King-Underwood, John, additional, Naylor, Alan, additional, Bretagne, Stéphane, additional, Murray, John, additional, Ito, Kazuhiro, additional, Strong, Pete, additional, and Rapeport, Garth, additional

Published
2018
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170. Evaluation of a New Histoplasmaspp. Quantitative RT-PCR Assay

Author

Alanio, Alexandre, Gits-Muselli, Maud, Lanternier, Fanny, Sturny-Leclère, Aude, Benazra, Marion, Hamane, Samia, Rodrigues, Anderson Messias, Garcia-Hermoso, Dea, Lortholary, Olivier, Dromer, Françoise, Bretagne, Stéphane, Woimant, Marine Gosset, blanchard, Geneviève, Silhadi, Souad, Vignier, Nicolas, Pitsch, Aurelia, Jidar, Kaoutar, Traversier, Nicolas, Poisson, Didier, Lecointre, Claire, Foulet, Françoise, Botterel, Françoise, Ammar, Nawel Ait, Amsellem, Gabriel, Frederic, Poirier, Philipe, Cornu, Marjorie, Loridant, Severine, Morio, Florent, Boutoille, David, Jeddi, Fakhri, Hasseine, Lilia, Ouissa, Rachida, Toubas, Dominique, Bailly, Eric, Désoubeaux, Guillaume, Ronez, Emily, Foulon, Guillaume, Lefrançois, Sebastien, Bonnal, Christine, Paugam, André, Dougados, Maxime, Desroches, Marine, Barazzutti, Hélène, Paleiron, Nicolas, rabodonirina, Meja, Catherinot, Emilie, Cardot-Martin, Emilie, Hiesse, Chrisian, Salvator, Hélène, Aguilar, Claire, Gigandon, Anne, de Montpreville, Thomas, Bougnoux, Marie-Elisabeth, Sitterlé, Emilie, Fekkar, Arnaud, Imbert, Sébastien, Bleibtreu, Alexandre, Senghor, Yaye, Denis, Blandine, Molina, Jean-Michel, Liegeon, Geoffroy, Munnier, Anne-Lise, Malphettes, Marion, Denis, Julie, Berlioz-Arthaud, Alain, Lange, Franciska, Chiaruzzi, Myriam, and Epelboin, Loic

Abstract

Laboratory diagnosis of histoplasmosis is based on various methods, including microscopy, culture, antigen, and DNA detection of Histoplasma capsulatumvar. capsulatumor Histoplasma capsulatumvar. duboisii. To improve sensitivity of existing real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays, we developed a new RT-qPCR assay that allows amplification of whole nucleic acids of Histoplasmaspp. validated on suspected cases. The limit of detection was 20 copies, and the specificity against 114 fungal isolates/species was restricted to Histoplasmaspp. Whole nucleic acids of 1319 prospectively collected consecutive samples from 907 patients suspected of having histoplasmosis were tested routinely between May 2015 and May 2019 in parallel with standard diagnostic procedures performed in parallel. Forty-four had proven histoplasmosis attributable to H. capsulatumvar. capsulatum(n= 40) or H. capsulatumvar. duboisii(n= 4) infections. The results of RT-qPCR were positive in 43 of 44 patients (97.7% sensitivity) in at least one specimen. Nine of 863 cases (99% specificity) were RT-qPCR positive and therefore classified as possible cases. RT-qPCR was positive in 13 of 30 (43.3%) blood samples tested in proven cases. A positive RT-qPCR result in blood was significantly associated with H. capsulatumvar. capsulatumprogressively disseminated histoplasmosis with a positive RT-qPCR result in 92.3% of the immunocompromised patients with disseminated disease. This new HistoplasmaRT-qPCR assay enabling amplification of H. capsulatumvar. capsulatumand H. capsulatumvar. duboisiiis highly sensitive and allows the diagnosis of histoplasmosis advantageously from blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Published
2021
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171. Diversity of Pneumocystis jirovecii Across Europe: A Multicentre Observational Study

Author

Alanio, Alexandre, Gits-Muselli, Maud, Guigue, Nicolas, Desnos-Ollivier, Marie, Calderon, Enrique J., Di Cave, David, Dupont, Damien, Hamprecht, Axel, Hauser, Philippe M., Helweg-Larsen, Jannik, Kicia, Marta, Lagrou, Katrien, Lengerova, Martina, Matos, Olga, Melchers, Willem J. G., Morio, Florent, Nevez, Gilles, Totet, Anne, White, Lewis P., Bretagne, Stephane, Alanio, Alexandre, Gits-Muselli, Maud, Guigue, Nicolas, Desnos-Ollivier, Marie, Calderon, Enrique J., Di Cave, David, Dupont, Damien, Hamprecht, Axel, Hauser, Philippe M., Helweg-Larsen, Jannik, Kicia, Marta, Lagrou, Katrien, Lengerova, Martina, Matos, Olga, Melchers, Willem J. G., Morio, Florent, Nevez, Gilles, Totet, Anne, White, Lewis P., and Bretagne, Stephane

Abstract

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an airborne human-specific ascomycetous fungus responsible for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients, affecting N500,000 patients per year (www.gaffi.org). The understanding of its epidemiology is limited by the lack of standardised culture. Recent genotyping data suggests a limited genetic diversity of P. jirovecii. The objective of the study was to assess the diversity of P. jirovecii across European hospitals and analyse P. jirovecii diversity in respect to clinical data obtained from the patients. Genotypingwas performed using six already validated short tandem repeat (STR) markers on 249 samples (median: 17 per centre interquartile range [11-20]) from PCP patients of 16 European centres. Mixtures of STR markers (i.e., >= 2 alleles for >= 1 locus) were detected in 67.6% (interquartile range [61.4; 76.5]) of the samples. Mixture was significantly associated with the underlying disease of the patient, with an increased proportion in HIV patients (78.3%) and a decreased proportion in renal transplant recipients (33.3%) (p < 0.001). The distribution of the alleles was significantly different (p < 0.001) according to the centres in three out of six markers. In analysable samples, 201 combinations were observed corresponding to 137 genotypes: 116 genotypes were country-specific; 12 in two; six in three; and two in four and one in five countries. Nine genotypes were recorded more than once in a given country. Genotype 123 (Gt123) was significantly associated with France (14/15, p < 0.001) and Gt16 with Belgium (5/5, p < 0.001). More specifically, Gt123 was observed mainly in France (14/15/16 patients) and in renal transplant patient (13/15). Our study showed the wide population diversity across Europe, with evidence of local clusters of patients harbouring a given genotype. These data suggest a specific association between genotype and underlying disease, with evidence of a different natural history of PCP in HIV patients

Published
2017

172. ECIL guidelines for preventing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients

Author

Maertens, Johan, Cesaro, Simone, Maschmeyer, Georg, Einsele, Hermann, Donnelly, J. Peter, Alanio, Alexandre, Hauser, Philippe M., Lagrou, Katrien, Melchers, Willem J. G., Helweg-Larsen, Jannik, Matos, Olga, Bretagne, Stã©phane, Cordonnier, Catherine, Agrawal, Samir, Kibbler, Christopher, Pagliuca, SIMONE ANTONIO, Ward, Katherine, Akova, Murat, Herbrecht, Raoul, Mallet, Vincent, Ribaud, Patricia, Aljurf, Mahmoud, Averbuch, Dina, Engelhard, Dan, Berg, Thomas, Cornely, Oliver, Penack, Olaf, van Boemmel, Florian, von Lilienfeld-Toal, Marie, Blennow, Ola, Ljungman, Per, Bruggemann, Roger, Donnelly, Peter, Kullberg, Bart-Jan, Melchers, Willem, Calandra, Thierry, Hirsch, Hans, Marchetti, Oscar, Orasch, Christina, Tissot, Frederic, Castagnola, Elio, Girmenia, Corrado, Mikulska, Malgorzata, Pagano, Livio, Viscoli, Claudio, De La Camara, Rafael, Duarte, Rafael, Munoz, Patricia, Drgona, Lubos, Hargreaves, Ruth, Hubacek, Petr, Kouba, Michal, Racil, Zdenek, Klyasova, Galina, Pettrikos, George, Roilides, Emmanuel, Skiada, Anna, Rizzi-Puechal, Valã©rie, Sinko, Janos, Slavin, Monica, Styczynski, Jan, Tweddle, Lorraine, Wood, Craig, Department of Hematology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, G.B. Rossi Hospital, Verona University, Medizinische Klinik, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Radboud university [Nijmegen], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lausanne University Hospital, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Service d'hématologie clinique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), The ECIL-5 meeting was supported by unrestricted educational grants from Astellas Pharma, Gilead Sciences, Merck, and Pfizer., University Hospital Gasthuisberg [Leuven], Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Antifungal Agents, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Pneumocitis jirovecii, Chemoprevention, Trimethoprim, Immunocompromised Host, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Pharmacology, Women's cancers Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 17], Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination, Pneumocystis, Hematologic Neoplasms, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Stem Cell Transplantation, Transplant Recipients, Infectious Diseases, immunocomrpomised host, pneumonia, Pneumocitis jirovecii, Pneumonia, 3. Good health, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, immunocomrpomised host, Inflammatory diseases Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 5], [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 172373.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) The 5th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-5) meeting aimed to establish evidence-based recommendations for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV-infected patients with an underlying haematological condition, including allogeneic HSCT recipients. Recommendations were based on the grading system of the IDSA. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole given 2-3 times weekly is the drug of choice for the primary prophylaxis of PCP in adults ( A-II: ) and children ( A-I: ) and should be given during the entire period at risk. Recent data indicate that children may benefit equally from a once-weekly regimen ( B-II: ). All other drugs, including pentamidine, atovaquone and dapsone, are considered second-line alternatives when trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is poorly tolerated or contraindicated. The main indications of PCP prophylaxis are ALL, allogeneic HSCT, treatment with alemtuzumab, fludarabine/cyclophosphamide/rituximab combinations, >4 weeks of treatment with corticosteroids and well-defined primary immune deficiencies in children. Additional indications are proposed depending on the treatment regimen.

Published
2016
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173. New therapeutic strategies for invasive aspergillosis in the era of azole resistance: how should the prevalence of azole resistance be defined?

Author

Alanio, Alexandre, Denis, Blandine, Hamane, Samia, Raffoux, Emmanuel, Peffault de la Tour, Régis, Touratier, Sophie, Bergeron, Anne, Bretagne, Stéphane, Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Saint-Louis], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service d'hématologie biologique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Service d'Hématologie Greffe, Hospital Saint Louis, Pharmacie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service de pneumologie [Saint-Louis], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris]

Subjects
Azoles, Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, Antifungal Agents, [SDV.SP.MED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Aspergillus fumigatus, Incidence, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Prevalence, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology
Abstract

International audience; Given reports showing a high prevalence of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus, alternatives to azole therapy are discussed when a threshold of 10% of azole-resistant environmental isolates is reached. This raises the issue of calculation of this threshold, either on the prevalence of azole-resistant isolates as a whole or on the prevalence of azole-resistant cases in populations at risk of invasive aspergillosis (IA). For isolate evaluation, there are high disparities in routine microbiological procedures for the isolation of A. fumigatus and azole resistance detection. There are also huge differences between the microbiological work-up for diagnosing IA. Some centres rely on galactomannan detection alone without actively trying to culture appropriate samples, which affects reliability of the figures on the prevalence of resistance and thus the threshold of resistance. Moreover, reports from the laboratory could mix up figures from completely different patient populations: frequent azole-resistant isolates from pneumology patients and rare azole-resistant isolates from haematology patients. Therefore, to sum isolates from different specimens and different wards can lead to erroneous calculations for the restricted populations at risk of developing IA. In conclusion, assessing the incidence of azole resistance in A. fumigatus should be based on harmonized consensual microbiological methods and reports should be restricted to IA episodes in identified populations at risk of IA when the issue is to define an operational threshold for modifying recommendations.

Published
2016
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174. ECIL guidelines for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients

Author

Alanio, Alexandre, Hauser, Philippe M., Lagrou, Katrien, Melchers, Willem J. G., Helweg Larsen, Jannik, Matos, Olga, Cesaro, Simone, Maschmeyer, Georg, Einsele, Hermann, Donnelly, J. Peter, Cordonnier, Catherine, Maertens, Johan, Bretagne, Stã©phane, Agrawal, Samir, Kibbler, Christopher, Pagliuca, Antonio, Ward, Katherine, Akova, Murat, Herbrecht, Raoul, Mallet, Vincent, Ribaud, Patricia, Aljurf, Mahmoud, Averbuch, Dina, Engelhard, Dan, Berg, Thomas, Cornely, Oliver, Penack, Olaf, van Boemmel, Florian, von Lilienfeld Toal, Marie, Blennow, Ola, Ljungman, Per, Bruggemann, Roger, Donnelly, Peter, Kullberg, Bart Jan, Melchers, Willem, Calandra, Thierry, Hirsch, Hans, Marchetti, Oscar, Orasch, Christina, Tissot, Frederic, Castagnola, Elio, Girmenia, Corrado, Mikulska, MALGORZATA KAROLINA, Pagano, Livio, Viscoli, Claudio, De La Camara, Rafael, Duarte, Rafael, Munoz, Patricia, Drgona, Lubos, Hargreaves, Ruth, Hubacek, Petr, Kouba, Michal, Racil, Zdenek, Klyasova, Galina, Pettrikos, George, Roilides, Emmanuel, Skiada, Anna, Rizzi Puechal, Valã©rie, Sinko, Janos, Slavin, Monica, Styczynski, Jan, Tweddle, Lorraine, Wood, Craig, Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), Medizinische Klinik, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Julius Maximilians University Wurzburg, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Service d'hématologie clinique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Department of Hematology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg [Leuven], The ECIL-5 meeting was supported by unrestricted educational grants from Astellas Pharma, Gilead Sciences, Merck, and Pfizer, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Radboud university [Nijmegen], G.B. Rossi Hospital, Verona University, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Dapsone, Pneumocystis carinii, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunocompromised Host, 0302 clinical medicine, Diagnostic Tests, Internal medicine, medicine, Pneumocistis jirovecii, Humans, Routine, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, Pharmacology, Women's cancers Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 17], business.industry, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Pneumocystis, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, Trimethoprim, Transplant Recipients, 3. Good health, Fludarabine, Regimen, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Infectious Diseases, Hematologic Neoplasms, Alemtuzumab, Rituximab, business, Inflammatory diseases Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 5], [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Pentamidine, medicine.drug, immunocompromised host, pneumonia, Pneumocistis jirovecii, Stem Cell Transplantation
Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext The Fifth European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-5) convened a meeting to establish evidence-based recommendations for using tests to diagnose Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in adult patients with haematological malignancies. Immunofluorescence assays are recommended as the most sensitive microscopic method (recommendation A-II: ). Real-time PCR is recommended for the routine diagnosis of PCP ( A-II: ). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is recommended as the best specimen as it yields good negative predictive value ( A-II: ). Non-invasive specimens can be suitable alternatives ( B-II: ), acknowledging that PCP cannot be ruled out in case of a negative PCR result ( A-II: ). Detecting beta-d-glucan in serum can contribute to the diagnosis but not the follow-up of PCP ( A-II: ). A negative serum beta-d-glucan result can exclude PCP in a patient at risk ( A-II: ), whereas a positive test result may indicate other fungal infections. Genotyping using multilocus sequence markers can be used to investigate suspected outbreaks ( A-II: ). The routine detection of dihydropteroate synthase mutations in cases of treatment failure is not recommended ( B-II: ) since these mutations do not affect response to high-dose co-trimoxazole. The clinical utility of these diagnostic tests for the early management of PCP should be further assessed in prospective, randomized interventional studies.

Published
2016
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175. Outbreak of invasive wound mucormycosis in a burn unit due to multiple strains of Mucor circinelloides f. circinelloides resolved by whole genome sequencing

Author

Garcia-Hermoso, Dea, primary, Criscuolo, Alexis, additional, Lee, Soo chan, additional, Legrand, Matthieu, additional, Chaouat, Marc, additional, Denis, Blandine, additional, Lafaurie, Matthieu, additional, Rouveau, Martine, additional, Soler, Charles, additional, Schaal, Jean-Vivien, additional, Mimoun, Maurice, additional, Mebazaa, Alexandre, additional, Heitman, Joseph, additional, Dromer, Françoise, additional, Brisse, Sylvain, additional, Bretagne, Stéphane, additional, and Alanio, Alexandre, additional

Published
2017
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177. Titan cells formation inCryptococcus neoformansis finely tuned by environmental conditions and modulated by positive and negative genetic regulators

Author

Hommel, Benjamin, primary, Mukaremera, Liliane, additional, Cordero, Radames J. B., additional, Coelho, Carolina, additional, Desjardins, Christopher A., additional, Sturny-Leclère, Aude, additional, Janbon, Guilhem, additional, Perfect, John R., additional, Fraser, James A., additional, Casadevall, Arturo, additional, Cuomo, Christina A., additional, Dromer, Françoise, additional, Nielsen, Kirsten, additional, and Alanio, Alexandre, additional

Published
2017
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178. Détection d’un disaccharide (MSDS) par spectrométrie de masse. Analyse multicentrique de son intérêt pour le diagnostic des infections fongiques invasives

Author

Cornu, Marjorie, primary, Sendid, Boualem, additional, Mery, Alexandre, additional, François, Nadine, additional, Malgorzata, Mikulska, additional, Letscher-Bru, Valérie, additional, De Carolis, Helena, additional, Lauro, Damonti, additional, Bochud, Pierre-Yves, additional, Alanio, Alexandre, additional, Dalle, Frédéric, additional, Guerarde, Yann, additional, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, additional, Viscoli, Claudio, additional, Herbrecht, Raoul, additional, and Poulain, Daniel, additional

Published
2017
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179. Diversity of Pneumocystis jirovecii Across Europe: A Multicentre Observational Study

Author

Alanio, Alexandre, primary, Gits-Muselli, Maud, additional, Guigue, Nicolas, additional, Desnos-Ollivier, Marie, additional, Calderon, Enrique J., additional, Di Cave, David, additional, Dupont, Damien, additional, Hamprecht, Axel, additional, Hauser, Philippe M., additional, Helweg-Larsen, Jannik, additional, Kicia, Marta, additional, Lagrou, Katrien, additional, Lengerova, Martina, additional, Matos, Olga, additional, Melchers, Willem J.G., additional, Morio, Florent, additional, Nevez, Gilles, additional, Totet, Anne, additional, White, Lewis P., additional, and Bretagne, Stéphane, additional

Published
2017
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180. Tracing Genetic Exchange and Biogeography of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii at the Global Population Level

Author

Rhodes, Johanna, primary, Desjardins, Christopher A, additional, Sykes, Sean M, additional, Beale, Mathew A, additional, Vanhove, Mathieu, additional, Sakthikumar, Sharadha, additional, Chen, Yuan, additional, Gujja, Sharvari, additional, Saif, Sakina, additional, Chowdhary, Anuradha, additional, Lawson, Daniel John, additional, Ponzio, Vinicius, additional, Colombo, Arnaldo Lopes, additional, Meyer, Wieland, additional, Engelthaler, David M, additional, Hagen, Ferry, additional, Illnait-Zaragozi, Maria Teresa, additional, Alanio, Alexandre, additional, Vreulink, Jo-Marie, additional, Heitman, Joseph, additional, Perfect, John R, additional, Litvintseva, Anastasia P, additional, Bicanic, Tihana, additional, Harrison, Thomas S, additional, Fisher, Matthew C, additional, and Cuomo, Christina A, additional

Published
2017
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196. Population genomics ofCryptococcus neoformansvar.grubiireveals new biogeographic relationships and finely maps hybridization

Author

Rhodes, Johanna, primary, Desjardins, Christopher A., additional, Sykes, Sean M., additional, Beale, Mathew A., additional, Vanhove, Mathieu, additional, Sakthikumar, Sharadha, additional, Chen, Yuan, additional, Gujja, Sharvari, additional, Saif, Sakina, additional, Chowdhary, Anuradha, additional, Lawson, Daniel John, additional, Ponzio, Vinicius, additional, Colombo, Arnaldo Lopes, additional, Meyer, Wieland, additional, Engelthaler, David M., additional, Hagen, Ferry, additional, Illnait-Zaragozi, Maria Teresa, additional, Alanio, Alexandre, additional, Vreulink, Jo-Marie, additional, Heitman, Joseph, additional, Perfect, John R., additional, Litvintseva, Anastasia, additional, Bicanic, Tihana, additional, Harrison, Thomas S., additional, Fisher, Matthew C., additional, and Cuomo, Christina A., additional

Published
2017
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197. In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Profile of a Novel and Long-Acting Inhaled Azole, PC945, on Aspergillus fumigatus Infection

Author

Colley, Thomas, primary, Alanio, Alexandre, additional, Kelly, Steven L., additional, Sehra, Gurpreet, additional, Kizawa, Yasuo, additional, Warrilow, Andrew G. S., additional, Parker, Josie E., additional, Kelly, Diane E., additional, Kimura, Genki, additional, Anderson-Dring, Lauren, additional, Nakaoki, Takahiro, additional, Sunose, Mihiro, additional, Onions, Stuart, additional, Crepin, Damien, additional, Lagasse, Franz, additional, Crittall, Matthew, additional, Shannon, Jonathan, additional, Cooke, Michael, additional, Bretagne, Stéphane, additional, King-Underwood, John, additional, Murray, John, additional, Ito, Kazuhiro, additional, Strong, Pete, additional, and Rapeport, Garth, additional

Published
2017
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198. Molecular Demonstration of a Pneumocystis Outbreak in Stem Cell Transplant Patients: Evidence for Transmission in the Daycare Center

Author

Robin, Christine, primary, Alanio, Alexandre, additional, Gits-Muselli, Maud, additional, la Martire, Giulia, additional, Schlemmer, Frédéric, additional, Botterel, Françoise, additional, Angebault, Cécile, additional, Leclerc, Mathieu, additional, Beckerich, Florence, additional, Redjoul, Rabah, additional, Pautas, Cécile, additional, Toma, Andrea, additional, Maury, Sébastien, additional, Bretagne, Stéphane, additional, and Cordonnier, Catherine, additional

Published
2017
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