503 results on '"Alan M. Nevill"'
Search Results
152. Effects of playing position, pitch location, opposition ability and team ability on the technical performance of elite soccer players in different score line states
- Author
-
Athalie Redwood-Brown, Peter O'Donoghue, Caroline Sunderland, Chris Saward, and Alan M. Nevill
- Subjects
Research Validity ,Vision ,Visual Acuity ,Opposition (politics) ,Social Sciences ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,0302 clinical medicine ,Statistics ,Psychology ,Grammar ,Multidisciplinary ,05 social sciences ,Tracking system ,Research Assessment ,Cameras ,Sports Science ,Regression ,England ,Optical Equipment ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Engineering and Technology ,Sensory Perception ,Team Behavior ,Games ,Research Article ,Sports ,Science ,Equipment ,Athletic Performance ,League ,Research and Analysis Methods ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Position (vector) ,Soccer ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Syntax ,Statistical Methods ,Association (psychology) ,Behavior ,business.industry ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Linguistics ,030229 sport sciences ,Collective Human Behavior ,Athletes ,Elite ,Recreation ,Line (text file) ,business ,Mathematics ,Forecasting ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of playing position, pitch location, team ability and opposition ability on technical performance variables (pass, cross, corner, free kick accuracy) of English Premier League Soccer players in difference score line states. A validated automatic tracking system (Venatrack) was used to code player actions in real time for passing accuracy, cross accuracy, corner accuracy and free kick accuracy. In total 376 of the 380 games played during the 2011-12 English premier League season were recorded, resulting in activity profiles of 570 players and over 35'000 rows of data. These data were analysed using multi-level modelling. Multi-level regression revealed a "u" shaped association between passing accuracy and goal difference (GD) with greater accuracy occurring at extremes of GD e.g., when the score was either positive or negative. The same pattern was seen for corner accuracy away from home e.g., corner accuracy was lowest when the score was close with the lowest accuracy at extremes of GD. Although free kicks were not associated with GD, team ability, playing position and pitch location were found to predict accuracy. No temporal variables were found to predict cross accuracy. A number of score line effects were present across the temporal factors which should be considered by coaches and managers when preparing and selecting teams in order to maximise performance. The current study highlighted the need for more sensitive score line definitions in which to consider score line effects.
- Published
- 2019
153. Can Turnout Measurements Be Used to Predict Physiotherapist-Reported Injury Rates in Dancers?
- Author
-
Jo Baker Jenkins, Matthew A. Wyon, and Alan M. Nevill
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Mean age ,Turnout ,General Medicine ,Surgery ,Odds ,History and Philosophy of Science ,External rotation ,Predictive value of tests ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,Binary regression ,Young adult ,business ,Range of motion - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Research has suggested that dancers may be more at risk of injury when they excessively utilise non-hip components of turnout to compensate for deficits in hip external rotation when trying to achieve maximal total turnout. However, recently different measures of turnout have been cited in the literature as well as suggestions for derived variables to account for shortfalls in particular components of turnout. This study aimed to assess whether measurements of turnout can predict the number of injuries (0 or 1 injury, or 2+ injuries) over a 10-month period. METHODS: At the beginning of the academic year, 47 female, full-time, contemporary dance students (mean age 19.9 ± 2.51 yrs; height 1.65 ± 0.05 cm; weight 56.23 ± 6.51 kg) were screened as part of a biannual screening process. Measurements, summed of both legs, were obtained for passive hip external rotation (pER), total passive turnout (TPT), and total active turnout (TAT). From these, three further variables were derived: compensated turnout, muscular turnout, and active ER lag. At the end of 10 months, the dancers’ physiotherapist-reported and self-reported injuries were obtained. RESULTS: Binary regression analyses for the six turnout variables identified compensated and muscular values as having significant positive effects. For every 1% increase in compensated and muscular values, there was a corresponding 9% or 8.4% increase in the odds that the dancer would sustain 2 or more injuries compared to 0 or 1 injury. CONCLUSION: Screening compensated and muscular values may be useful to address shortfalls to prevent injuries in the future. Med Probl Perform Art 2013; 28(4):230–235.
- Published
- 2013
154. A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Health Behaviors between Saudi and British Adolescents Living in Urban Areas: Gender by Country Analyses
- Author
-
Nada A Abahussain, Peter Collins, Alan M. Nevill, Yahya Al-Nakeeb, Abdulrahman O. Musaiger, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Hana Alsobayel, Michael J. Duncan, and Mark Lyons
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Cross-Cultural Comparison ,Male ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Cross-sectional study ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,education ,Health Behavior ,Saudi Arabia ,lcsh:Medicine ,physical activity ,Overweight ,Motor Activity ,Article ,Saudi ,Screen time ,Sex Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,adolescents ,British ,culture ,dietary habits ,lifestyle factors ,screen time ,sedentary behaviors ,Obesity ,Sedentary lifestyle ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Feeding Behavior ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Cross-cultural studies ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,England ,Cluster sampling ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Sedentary Behavior ,business ,Demography - Abstract
peer-reviewed This study investigated the cross-cultural differences and similarity in health behaviors between Saudi and British adolescents. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted at four cities in Saudi Arabia (Riyadh and Al-Khobar; N = 1,648) and Britain (Birmingham and Coventry; N = 1,158). The participants (14–18 year-olds) were randomly selected using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Measurements included anthropometric, screen time, validated physical activity (PA) questionnaire and dietary habits. The overweight/obesity prevalence among Saudi adolescents (38.3%) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that found among British adolescents (24.1%). The British adolescents demonstrated higher total PA energy expenditure than Saudi adolescents (means ± SE = 3,804.8 ± 81.5 vs. 2,219.9 ± 65.5 METs-min/week). Inactivity prevalence was significantly (p < 0.001) higher among Saudi adolescents (64%) compared with that of British adolescents (25.5%). The proportions of adolescents exceeding 2 h of daily screen time were high (88.0% and 90.8% among Saudis and British, respectively). The majority of Saudi and British adolescents did not have daily intakes of breakfast, fruit, vegetables and milk. MANCOVA showed significant (p < 0.05) gender by country interactions in several lifestyle factors. There was a significant (p < 0.001) gender differences in the ratio of physical activity to sedentary behaviors. In conclusion, Saudi and British adolescents demonstrated some similarities and differences in their PA levels, sedentary behaviors and dietary habits. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among adolescents appear to be a cross-cultural phenomenon. PUBLISHED peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2013
155. Association of Glycation Gap With Mortality and Vascular Complications in Diabetes
- Author
-
Paul Bassett, Baldev M Singh, Alan M. Nevill, and Ananth U Nayak
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Nephropathy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Pathophysiology/Complications ,Aged ,Original Research ,Glycemic ,Macrovascular disease ,Aged, 80 and over ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Diabetic Retinopathy ,business.industry ,Diabetic retinopathy ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Endocrinology ,Fructosamine ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,chemistry ,Female ,business ,Retinopathy - Abstract
OBJECTIVE The “glycation gap” (G-gap), an essentially unproven concept, is an empiric measure of disagreement between HbA1c and fructosamine, the two indirect estimates of glycemic control. Its association with demographic features and key clinical outcomes in individuals with diabetes is uncertain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The G-gap was calculated as the difference between measured HbA1c and a fructosamine-derived standardized predicted HbA1c in 3,182 individuals with diabetes. The G-gap’s associations with demographics and clinical outcomes (retinopathy, nephropathy, macrovascular disease, and mortality) were determined. RESULTS Demographics varied significantly with G-gap for age, sex, ethnic status, smoking status, type and duration of diabetes, insulin use, and obesity. A positive G-gap was associated with retinopathy (odds ratio 1.24 [95% CI 1.01–1.52], P = 0.039), nephropathy (1.55 [1.23–1.95], P < 0.001), and, in a subset, macrovascular disease (1.91 [1.18–3.09], P = 0.008). In Cox regression analysis, the G-gap had a “U”-shaped quadratic relationship with mortality, with both negative G-gap (1.96 [1.50–2.55], P < 0.001) and positive G-gap (2.02 [1.57–2.60], P < 0.001) being associated with a significantly higher mortality. CONCLUSIONS We confirm published associations of G-gap with retinopathy and nephropathy. We newly demonstrate a relationship with macrovascular and mortality outcomes and potential links to distinct subpopulations of diabetes.
- Published
- 2013
156. A 4-week instructed minimalist running transition and gait-retraining changes plantar pressure and force
- Author
-
B. C. Gregan, Kieran Moran, S. M. Kilduff, Giles D. Warrington, Alan M. Nevill, and Joe Warne
- Subjects
Foot strike ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Heel ,Gait retraining ,Plantar pressure ,STRIDE ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Surgery ,Animal science ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Treadmill ,human activities ,Pre and post ,Mathematics ,Maximum pressure - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare changes in plantar pressure and force using conventional running shoes (CRS) and minimalist footwear (MFW) pre and post a 4-week MFW familiarization period. Ten female runners (age: 21 ± 2 years; stature: 165.8 ± 4.5 cm; mass: 55.9 ± 3.2 kg) completed two 11 km/h treadmill runs, 24 hours apart, in both CRS and MFW (pretest). Plantar data were measured using sensory insoles for foot strike patterns, stride frequency, mean maximum force ( M F ¯ ), mean maximum pressure ( M P ¯ ) and eight mean maximum regional pressures. Subjects then completed a 4-week familiarization period consisting of running in MFW and simple gait-retraining, before repeating the tests (posttest). During the pretests, 30% of subjects adopted a forefoot strike in MFW, following familiarization this increased to 80%; no change occurred in CRS. A significant decrease in M F ¯ in both MFW and CRS (P = 0.024) was observed from pre-post, and a significant decrease in heel pressures in MFW. M P ¯ was higher in MFW throughout testing (P < 0.001).A 4-week familiarization to MFW resulted in a significant reduction in M F ¯ in both the CRS and MFW conditions, as well as a reduction in heel pressures. Higher M P ¯ was observed throughout testing in the MFW condition.
- Published
- 2013
157. Vitamin D status in professional ballet dancers: Winter vs. summer
- Author
-
Yiannis Koutedakis, Nick Allen, Alan M. Nevill, Richard Eastell, Matthew A. Wyon, and Roger Wolman
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Classical ballet ,Physiology ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,vitamin D deficiency ,Bone remodeling ,Young Adult ,Blood serum ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Dancing ,Vitamin D ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Repeated measures design ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Female ,Seasons ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is produced by the exposure of the skin to sunlight. Therefore athletes who train indoors, such as dancers, are vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in UK professional dancers during periods of reduced and increased sunlight exposure (i.e., winter vs. summer), and to assess the impact on bone metabolism and risk of injury.Cohort study.19 elite classical ballet dancers (age 26±8.86yr; height 1.66±8.84m; mass 54.3±10.47kg) were monitored over a 6 month period for 25-hydroxyvitamin D, PTH and blood serum bone turnover markers (CTX and PINP) along with injury data. Repeated measure ANOVA and Wilcoxon and Chi-square analyses were used and significance was set at p≤0.05.Significant changes were noted between the winter and summer test dates for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (14.9ng/ml vs. 23.9ng/ml; p0.001), PTH (38.7pg/ml vs. 26.3pg/ml; p0.001) and PINP (89.9ng/ml vs. 67.6ng/ml; p0.01). The oral contraceptive had a significant effect on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, PTH and CTX. Soft tissue injuries were significantly lower in summer compared to winter period (winter=24, summer=13; p0.05).Professional ballerinas characterized by a high incidence of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels which improve marginally in the summer. These dancers also demonstrate a higher injury incidence in the winter. Oral contraception seems to increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and has a positive effect on bone metabolism.
- Published
- 2013
158. The Effect of a Comprehensive Injury Audit Program on Injury Incidence in Ballet
- Author
-
Nick Allen, Matthew A. Wyon, Alan M. Nevill, John H M Brooks, and Yiannis Koutedakis
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Ballet ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Psychological intervention ,Poison control ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Suicide prevention ,United Kingdom ,Occupational safety and health ,Athletic Injuries ,Injury prevention ,Physical therapy ,Humans ,Medicine ,Female ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Dancing ,Prospective cohort study ,business ,Physical Conditioning, Human - Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether an intervention with individualized conditioning program based on injury history and functional movement screening would be effective in reducing ballet injury incidence.Prospective 3-year epidemiological study.Professional ballet company and its in-house medical facility.Dancers from a professional ballet company over the 3-year study period. Participant numbers ranged from 52 to 58 (year 1: 52; year 2: 58; year 3: 53).The intervention consisted of individual conditioning programs developed using injury history and functional movement screening. Analysis was undertaken of the all dancers who were present in the company during the study period. The significance of change in injuries over a 3-year period was determined using a Poisson distribution model.To determine whether individual conditioning programs resulted in a decrease in injury incidence over the study period.The injury count reduced significantly in years 2 and 3 (P0.001). Injury incidence for male dancers declined from year 1 (in year/1000 h) (4.76/1000 h) to year 2 (2.40/1000 h) and year 3 (2.22/1000 h). For women, a reduction in the injury incidence was observed from year 1 (4.14/1000 h) to year 2 (1.71/1000 h) and year 3 (1.81/1000 h).Through prospective injury surveillance, we were able to demonstrate the benefit of individualized conditioning programs based on injury history and functional movement screening in reducing injuries in ballet.The implementation of well-structured injury surveillance programs can impact on injury incidence through its influence on intervention programs.
- Published
- 2013
159. Peak Power Prediction in Junior Basketballers
- Author
-
Rob S. James, Mark Lyons, Joanne Hankey, Alan M. Nevill, and Michael J. Duncan
- Subjects
Male ,Adolescent ,Movement ,Multiplicative function ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Basketball ,General Medicine ,Models, Biological ,Body Mass Index ,Power (physics) ,Lower Extremity ,Statistics ,Jump ,Range (statistics) ,Humans ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Force platform ,Muscle Strength ,Allometry ,Additive model ,Linear equation ,Mathematics - Abstract
Equations, commonly used to predict peak power from jump height, have relied on linear additive models that are biologically unsound beyond the range of observations because of high negative intercept values. This study explored the utility of allometric multiplicative modeling to better predict peak power in adolescent basketball players. Seventy-seven elite junior basketball players (62 adolescent boys, 15 adolescent girls, age = 16.8 ± 0.8 years) performed 3 counter movement jumps (CMJs) on a force platform. Both linear and multiplicative models were then used to determine their efficacy. Four previously published linear equations were significantly associated with actual peak power (all p0.01), although here were significant differences between actual and estimated peak power using the SJ and CMJ equations by Sayers (both p0.001). Allometric modeling was used to determine an alternative biologically sound equation which was more strongly associated with (r = 0.886, p0.001), and not significantly different to (p0.05), actual peak power and predicted 77.9% of the variance in actual peak power (adjusted R = 0.779, p0.001). Exponents close to 1 for body mass and CMJ height indicated that peak power could also be determined from the product of body mass and CMJ height. This equation was significantly associated (r = 0.871, p0.001) with, and not significantly different to, actual peak power (adjusted R = 0.756, p0.05) and offered a more accurate estimation of peak power than previously validated linear additive models examined in this study. The allometric model determined from this study or the multiplicative model (body mass × CMJ height) provides biologically sound models to accurately estimate peak power in elite adolescent basketballers that are more accurate than equations based on linear additive models.
- Published
- 2013
160. Improved training of football referees and the decline in home advantage post-WW2
- Author
-
Adam Watts, Thomas Webb, and Alan M. Nevill
- Subjects
Crowds ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Home advantage ,Demographic economics ,Football ,Psychological resilience ,League ,Psychology ,Training (civil) ,Applied Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Objectives Research has identified a decline in home advantage (HA) in a number of professional leagues since World War 2 (WW2). The purpose of the current study was to identify whether the decline in HA in English and Scottish Professional Football Leagues is mirrored by the radical transformation in the training of referees post-WW2, thus providing a new insight into the cause of HA. Design A longitudinal quasi-experimental design. Methods HA was calculated for each team at the end of every season for the four English and the Scottish Premier League post-WW2. We also compiled a list of events, statements and quotations to illustrate the dramatic change in the way referees have been trained (physically and psychologically), and assessed over the same period. Results We observed a systematic decline in HA in professional English and Scottish leagues post-WW2, but with the steepest decline observed in lower divisions with smaller crowds. Of the factors thought to influence HA, crowd support appears the most consistent with these observations. Crowds are known to influence referees' decisions to favour the home side. However we argue that improved training of referees since WW2 has contributed to an improved ability to make objective decisions and a greater resilience to crowd influence, which explains the decline in HA but also accounts for the steeper decline observed with smaller crowds. Conclusions The continued existence of HA, and the less steep decline observed in top leagues suggests that referees' judgements are still not immune to the influence of larger crowds.
- Published
- 2013
161. Development of an accelerometer-based multivariate model to predict free-living energy expenditure in a large military cohort
- Author
-
Mark P. Rayson, Alan M. Nevill, Fleur E. Horner, James M. Carter, James L. J. Bilzon, Sam D. Blacker, Anthony Wright, and Victoria L. Richmond
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Multivariate statistics ,Adolescent ,Physical activity ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Motor Activity ,Accelerometer ,Models, Biological ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,Sex Factors ,Total energy expenditure ,Statistics ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Exercise ,Simulation ,Mathematics ,Analysis of covariance ,Analysis of Variance ,Body Weight ,Reproducibility of Results ,Regression analysis ,Actigraphy ,Body Height ,Military Personnel ,Energy expenditure ,Cohort ,Linear Models ,Female ,Energy Metabolism - Abstract
This study developed a multivariate model to predict free-living energy expenditure (EE) in independent military cohorts. Two hundred and eighty-eight individuals (20.6 ± 3.9 years, 67.9 ± 12.0 kg, 1.71 ± 0.10 m) from 10 cohorts wore accelerometers during observation periods of 7 or 10 days. Accelerometer counts (PAC) were recorded at 1-minute epochs. Total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) were derived using the doubly labelled water technique. Data were reduced to n = 155 based on wear-time. Associations between PAC and EE were assessed using allometric modelling. Models were derived using multiple log-linear regression analysis and gender differences assessed using analysis of covariance. In all models PAC, height and body mass were related to TEE (P0.01). For models predicting TEE (r (2) = 0.65, SE = 462 kcal · d(-1) (13.0%)), PAC explained 4% of the variance. For models predicting PAEE (r (2) = 0.41, SE = 490 kcal · d(-1) (32.0%)), PAC accounted for 6% of the variance. Accelerometry increases the accuracy of EE estimation in military populations. However, the unique nature of military life means accurate prediction of individual free-living EE is highly dependent on anthropometric measurements.
- Published
- 2013
162. Techniques Used by Elite Thai and UK Muay Thai Fighters: An Analysis and Simulation
- Author
-
Yahya Al-Nakeeb, Alan M. Nevill, Nigel J. Balmer, and Tony Myers
- Subjects
symbols.namesake ,Operations research ,Elite ,Geographic regions ,symbols ,Notational analysis ,General Medicine ,Poisson regression ,Performance indicator ,Psychology ,Popularity ,Practical implications ,Demography - Abstract
Background: Muay Thai is a combat sport growing in international popularity. Previous research has highlighted marked jurisdictional differences in the judging systems employed, but no studies have compared techniques used by fighters across geographic regions or have been on how these might be a function of the different judging systems employed. This paper aimed to address this issue by examining differences in technique selection and application between Thai and UK Muay Thai fighters using notational analysis. Method: The winners of thirty-two fights involving 16 Thai and 16 UK fighters were analysed. Three multilevel Poisson regression models were used to estimate differences in technique frequency and key performance indicators between Thai and UK fighters. Results: Thai fighters used more attacking and defensive techniques than UK fighters, particularly knees (p < 0.001), roundkicks to the body (p < 0.001), and push kicks (p < 0.001). Thai fighters also tended to catch an opponent’s leg significantly more often than UK fighters (p < 0.001), but UK fighters were significantly more likely to use other defensive techniques. There were also statistically significant interactions between nationality and a range of quality indicators, including delivering techniques at an appropriate distance (p < 0.001), the effectiveness of techniques used (p < 0.001), and returning to a balanced stance (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results suggested that Thai fighters using better distancing, were more effective and more balanced. The practical implications of findings and their implications for the sport and future research are discussed.
- Published
- 2013
163. Near patient anti-platelet response testing over time and gene analysis in patients admitted with acute coronary syndromes
- Author
-
V Amoah, Robert F. Storey, Andrew P. Worrall, James Cotton, Angel L. Armesilla, Andrew Smallwood, Kevin Goodridge, Tracy Lovatt, and Alan M. Nevill
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Platelets ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Acute coronary syndrome ,ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B ,Ticlopidine ,Time Factors ,Genotype ,medicine.medical_treatment ,P2Y12 ,Gene Frequency ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Angioplasty ,medicine ,Humans ,ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 ,Acute Coronary Syndrome ,Alleles ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Troponin T ,business.industry ,Percutaneous coronary intervention ,Hematology ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Clopidogrel ,medicine.disease ,Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 ,Treatment Outcome ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Conventional PCI ,Angiography ,Cardiology ,Female ,Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ,business ,Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We sought to assess the relationships between platelet reactivity at different time points, CYP2C19*2 and ABCB1 status and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Anti-platelet response to clopidogrel was studied prospectively using the VerifyNow (VN) P2Y12 assay at the time of angiography and at 30 days post procedure in 151 patients admitted with ACS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Troponin T levels were measured at angiography and 16-24 hour following PCI. DNA was extracted and the presence of CYP2C19*2 allele and ABCB1 polymorphisms were determined. Adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (ACCE) were assessed at 12 months. High VN P2Y12 response at angiography was associated with a greater peri-procedural rise in troponin T, but not ACCE. However, VN P2Y12 response measured at 30 days was associated with ACCE (p = 0.017). CYP2C19*2 status was associated with higher VN P2Y12 response at angiography (p 0.0001) and 30 days (p = 0.006) but not ACCE. Near-patient testing for clopidogrel response was associated with subsequent ACCE when performed 30 days following PCI, but not at angiography.
- Published
- 2012
164. A Field-Test Battery for Elite, Young Soccer Players
- Author
-
Alan M. Nevill, Mary E. Nevill, R D Hawkins, A Hodson, John G. Morris, and M A Hulse
- Subjects
Test battery ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Athletic Performance ,Vertical jump ,Heart Rate ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Soccer ,Heart rate ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Mathematics ,Heart rate response ,Analysis of Variance ,Age Factors ,Reproducibility of Results ,Focus Groups ,Test (assessment) ,Fitness test ,Sprint ,Physical Fitness ,Exercise Test ,Physical therapy ,Physical performance testing - Abstract
The validity and reliability of a battery of field-based performance tests was examined. The opinions of coaches, fitness professionals and players (n=170, 172 and 101 respectively) on the importance of performance testing were established using a questionnaire. On 2 occasions, separated by 7 days, 80 elite, young soccer players (mean±SD [and range]: age 13.2±2.6 [8.9-19.1] years; stature 1.59±0.18 m [1.32-1.91]; body mass 50.6±17.1 [26.5-88.7] kg) completed a battery of field-based tests comprised of heart rate response to a submaximal Multi-stage fitness test, 3 types of vertical jump, sprints over 10 and 20 m, and an agility test. Physical performance testing was considered important by coaches (97%), fitness professionals (94%) and players (83%). The systematic bias ratio and the random error components of the 95% ratio limits of agreement for the first and second tests, for the U9-U11 vs. U12-U14 vs. U15-U18 age groups, were [Systematic bias (*/÷ ratio limits)]: Heart rate (Level 5): 0.983 (*/÷ 1.044) vs. 0.969 (*/÷ 1.056) vs. 0.983 (*/÷ 1.055); Rocket jump: 0998 (*/÷ 1.112) vs. 0.999 (*/÷ 1.106) vs. 0.996 (*/÷ 1.093); 10 m sprint: 0.997 (*/÷ 1.038) vs. 0.994 (*/÷ 1.033) vs. 0.994 (*/÷ 1.038); Agility test: 1.010 (*/÷1.050) vs. 1.014 (*/÷1.050) vs. 1.002 (*/÷1.053). All tests, except heart rate recovery from the Multi-stage fitness test, were able to distinguish between different ability and age groups of players (p0.05). Thus, the field-test battery demonstrated logical and construct validity, and was shown to be a reliable and objective tool for assessing elite, young soccer players.
- Published
- 2012
165. Shape change and obesity prevalence among male UK offshore workers after 30 years: New insight from a 3D scanning study
- Author
-
Arthur D, Stewart, Robert L, Ledingham, Graham, Furnace, Hector, Williams, and Alan M, Nevill
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Young Adult ,Ideal Body Weight ,Prevalence ,Body Size ,Humans ,Obesity ,Middle Aged ,Overweight ,United Kingdom ,Aged - Abstract
In 1984, male UK offshore workers had greater overweight and obesity prevalence and fat content than the general population. Since then, body weight has increased by 19%, but, without accompanying anthropometric measures, their size increase, current obesity, and fatness prevalence remain unknown. This study therefore aimed to acquire contemporary anthropometric data, profile changes since the original survey, and assess current obesity prevalence in the male offshore workforce.A total of 588 men, recruited via quota sampling to match the workforce weight profile, underwent stature, weight, and 3D photonic scanning measurements from which anatomical girths were extracted, enabling computation of body mass index (BMI), total fat, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT).On average, UK male offshore workers are now 8.1 y older, 3.1 cm taller, 13.9 kg heavier, and have greater girths than in 1984, which are97% attributable to increased weight, and3% to age difference. Mean BMI increased significantly from 24.9 to 28.1 kg/mUK offshore workers today have higher BMI than Scottish men, although some muscular individuals may be misclassified by BMI. Girth data, particularly at the waist, where dimensional increase was greatest, together with predictions of total and visceral fatness, suggest less favorable health status in others.
- Published
- 2016
166. Bone mineral density in vocational and professional ballet dancers
- Author
-
Alan M. Nevill, Giorgos S. Metsios, Nuno Adubeiro, José Maia, Franklim Marques, Tânia Amorim, José Carlos Machado, Yiannis Koutedakis, Andreas D. Flouris, Lygeri Dimitriou, Luísa Nogueira, and Matthew A. Wyon
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Physiology ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Body Mass Index ,Weight-Bearing ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Elite dance ,0302 clinical medicine ,Absorptiometry, Photon ,Forearm ,Bone Density ,Internal medicine ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,Dancing ,Child ,Occupational Health ,Femoral neck ,Bone mineral ,Menarche ,Sex Characteristics ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,Anthropometry ,business.industry ,Femur Neck ,Associated factors ,Ballerinas ,030229 sport sciences ,Rheumatology ,Bone mass ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Case-Control Studies ,Orthopedic surgery ,Lean body mass ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Ballet dancer ,business - Abstract
According to existing literature, bone health in ballet dancers is controversial. We have verified that, compared to controls, young female and male vocational ballet dancers have lower bone mineral density (BMD) at both impact and non-impact sites, whereas female professional ballet dancers have lower BMD only at non-impact sites. The aims of this study were to (a) assess bone mineral density (BMD) in vocational (VBD) and professional (PBD) ballet dancers and (b) investigate its association with body mass (BM), fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), maturation and menarche. The total of 152 VBD (13 ± 2.3 years; 112 girls, 40 boys) and 96 controls (14 ± 2.1 years; 56 girls, 40 boys) and 184 PBD (28 ± 8.5 years; 129 females, 55 males) and 160 controls (27 ± 9.5 years; 110 female, 50 males) were assessed at the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), forearm and total body by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maturation and menarche were assessed via questionnaires. VBD revealed lower unadjusted BMD at all anatomical sites compared to controls (p
- Published
- 2016
167. Kinetic changes during a six-week minimal footwear and gait-retraining intervention in runners
- Author
-
Chris Richter, Giles D. Warrington, John O’C Fagan, Alan M. Nevill, Kieran Moran, Joe Warne, Michelle Hone, and Barry P Smyth
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Kinetic analysis ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Running ,Weight-Bearing ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Knee ,Vertical stiffness ,Gait ,Leg stiffness ,business.industry ,Gait retraining ,Foot ,Ankle stiffness ,030229 sport sciences ,Equipment Design ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Shoes ,body regions ,Loading rate ,Physical therapy ,Ankle ,business ,human activities ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
An evaluation of a six-week Combined minimal footwear transition and gait-retraining combination vs. gait retraining only on impact characteristics and leg stiffness. Twenty-four trained male runners were randomly assigned to either (1) Minimalist footwear transition Combined with gait-retraining over a six-week period ("Combined" group; n = 12) examined in both footwear, or (2) a gait-retraining group only with no minimalist footwear exposure ("Control"; n = 12). Participants were assessed for loading rate, impact peak, vertical, knee and ankle stiffness, and foot-strike using 3D and kinetic analysis. Loading rate was significantly higher in the Combined group in minimal shoes in pre-tests compared to a Control (P ≤ 0.001), reduced significantly in the Combined group over time (P ≤ 0.001), and was not different to the Control group in post-tests (P = 0.16). The impact peak (P = 0.056) and ankle stiffness reduced in both groups (P = 0.006). Loading rate and vertical stiffness was higher in minimalist footwear than conventional running shoes both pre (P ≤ 0.001) and post (P = 0.046) the intervention. There has a higher tendency to non-rearfoot strike in both interventions, but more acute changes in the minimalist footwear. A Combined intervention can potentially reduce impact variables. However, higher loading rate initially in minimalist footwear may increase the risk of injury in this condition.
- Published
- 2016
168. Physical activity, walking and leanness: an analysis of the Northern Ireland Sport and Physical Activity Survey (SAPAS)
- Author
-
Charlie Foster, Marie H. Murphy, Alan M. Nevill, Paul Donnelly, and Simon Shibli
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Cross-sectional study ,Health Status ,Statistics as Topic ,Physical fitness ,Population ,Poison control ,Health Promotion ,Northern Ireland ,Walking ,Motor Activity ,Body Mass Index ,Young Adult ,Thinness ,Injury prevention ,Confidence Intervals ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Aged ,Pace ,Analysis of Variance ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Middle Aged ,Preferred walking speed ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Self Report ,business ,human activities ,Body mass index ,Sports - Abstract
Objective: To report on the contribution walking makes to total weekly physical activity and the relationship between the volume and intensity of walking and leanness in a representative sample of the Northern Ireland population. Method: 4563 adults participated in this cross-sectional survey of physical activity behaviour. Self-reported height and weight was used to determine inverse body mass index (iBMI) as a measure of leanness. Data across all domains of physical activity including self-reported volume and intensity of walking (in bouts of 10. min or more) were analysed to determine their contribution to leanness using ANCOVA, having controlled for age, gender, socio-economic and smoking status. Results: Over 68% of the participants reported walking >10minutes during the previous week but only 24% report walking at a brisk or fast pace. Time walking at a brisk or fast pace for personal transport was identified as having the strongest positive association with being lean (F 1,4256=10.45, β=0.051cm 2kg -1min -1 (SE=0.016),P=0.001). Conclusions: In addition to increasing the amount of walking and the percentage of people walking regularly, public health messages encouraging an increase in walking pace may be valuable to increase the proportion of the population meeting physical activity guidelines and gaining associated health benefits. © 2011 Elsevier Inc..
- Published
- 2016
169. Vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α gene polymorphisms and coronary collateral formation in patients with coronary chronic total occlusions
- Author
-
Benjamin Wrigley, James Cotton, Eric W Holroyd, V Amoah, Angel L. Armesilla, Alan M. Nevill, and Andrew Smallwood
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Rentrop grade ,gene polymorphism ,polymerase chain reaction ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Cardiovascular ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,In patient ,Gene ,chronic total occlusion ,lcsh:R5-920 ,vascular endothelial growth factor ,hypoxia-inducible factor-1α ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Vascular endothelial growth factor ,Hypoxia-inducible factors ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cardiology ,Cancer research ,Original Article ,Gene polymorphism ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) - Abstract
Introduction:We evaluated the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene and one of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α gene and the degree of coronary collateral formation in patients with a coronary chronic total occlusion.Methods:Totally, 98 patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease and a chronic total occlusion observed during coronary angiography were recruited. Genotyping of two vascular endothelial growth factor promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (−152G>A and −165C>T) and the C1772T single nucleotide polymorphism of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α were performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The presence and extent of collateral vessel filling was scored by blinded observers using the Rentrop grade.Results:We found no association between the vascular endothelial growth factor −152G>A, −165C>T and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α −1772C>T with the presence and filling of coronary collateral vessels. A history of percutaneous coronary intervention and transient ischaemic attack/cerebrovascular accident were associated with the presence of enhanced collateral vessel formation following binary logistic regression analysis.Conclusion:The study findings suggest that coronary collateral formation is not associated with the tested polymorphic variants of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease and the presence of a chronic total occlusion.
- Published
- 2016
170. Randomised controlled trial of a home-based physical activity intervention in breast cancer survivors
- Author
-
George D. Kitas, Alan M. Nevill, A.R. Carmichael, Ian M. Lahart, and George S. Metsios
- Subjects
Adult ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Alternative medicine ,Physical activity ,Breast Neoplasms ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Randomized controlled trial ,Quality of life ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Survivors ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Exercise ,Randomised controlled trial ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Home based ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Quality of Life ,Physical therapy ,Female ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Background To improve adherence to physical activity (PA), behavioural support in the form of behavioural change counselling may be necessary. However, limited evidence of the effectiveness of home-based PA combined with counselling in breast cancer patients exists. The aim of this current randomised controlled trial with a parallel group design was to evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based PA intervention on PA levels, anthropometric measures, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and blood biomarkers in breast cancer survivors. Methods Eighty post-adjuvant therapy invasive breast cancer patients (age = 53.6 ± 9.4 years; height = 161.2 ± 6.8 cm; mass = 68.7 ± 10.5 kg) were randomly allocated to a 6-month home-based PA intervention or usual care. The intervention group received face-to-face and telephone PA counselling aimed at encouraging the achievement of current recommended PA guidelines. All patients were evaluated for our primary outcome, PA (International PA Questionnaire) and secondary outcomes, mass, BMI, body fat %, HRQoL (Functional assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast), insulin resistance, triglycerides (TG) and total (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol were assessed at baseline and at 6-months. Results On the basis of linear mixed-model analyses adjusted for baseline values performed on 40 patients in each group, total, leisure and vigorous PA significantly increased from baseline to post-intervention in the intervention compared to usual care (between-group differences, 578.5 MET-min∙wk−1, p = .024, 382.2 MET-min∙wk−1, p = .010, and 264.1 MET-min∙wk−1, p = .007, respectively). Both body mass and BMI decreased significantly in the intervention compared to usual care (between-group differences, −1.6 kg, p = .040, and −.6 kg/m2, p = .020, respectively). Of the HRQoL variables, FACT-Breast, Trial Outcome Index, functional wellbeing, and breast cancer subscale improved significantly in the PA group compared to the usual care group (between-group differences, 5.1, p = .024; 5.6, p = .001; 1.9 p = .025; and 2.8, p = .007, respectively). Finally, TC and LDL-C was significantly reduced in the PA group compared to the usual care group (between-group differences, −.38 mmol∙L−1, p = .001; and −.3 mmol∙L−1, p = .023, respectively). Conclusions We found that home-based PA resulted in significant albeit small to moderate improvements in self-reported PA, mass, BMI, breast cancer specific HRQoL, and TC and LDL-C compared with usual care. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02408107 (March 25, 2015)
- Published
- 2016
171. Preserved Quality of Life in Octogenarians at Early, Mid, and Late Follow-Up Intervals Irrespective of Cardiac Procedure
- Author
-
Akis Chnaris, Kumaresan Nagarajan, Sophia Mahboob, Parminderjit Kaur Jayia, Alan M. Nevill, Heyman Luckraz, and Israr Muhammed
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multivariate analysis ,Time Factors ,Heart Diseases ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Group B ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Postoperative Complications ,Quality of life ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,In patient ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Renal replacement therapy ,Cardiac Surgical Procedures ,education ,Geriatric Assessment ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Chi-Square Distribution ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,General Medicine ,Surgery ,Cardiac surgery ,Logistic Models ,Treatment Outcome ,Multivariate Analysis ,Quality of Life ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Complication ,business - Abstract
Cardiac surgery has become established in octogenarians over the past decade. This study assessed the quality of life (QOL) and survival in patients undergoing various cardiac procedures at various time intervals postoperative. Patients older than 80 years at the time of their cardiac procedure were initially included (n = 427). Patients were grouped according to the time interval from their operations namely as within 3 years postoperative (Group A), 3-5 years postoperative (Group B), and older than 5 years postoperative (Group C). Patients who were at least 2 years postoperative and who were still alive were sent the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12 Health Survey version 2 QOL questionnaire (n = 308). In results, there were no significant differences in the preoperative characteristics among the groups including type of surgery and logistic Euroscore. There were also no significant differences in the immediate postoperative phase in the complication rates except for renal replacement therapy (P0.01). At follow-up, a further 20 patients had died, and for those still alive 87% (61 of 70), 86% (86 of 100), and 74% (87 of 118) of patients returned questionnaire for each group, respectively. There were no significant differences in mental scores (P = 0.3) and physical scores (P = 0.07) among the groups at the various time intervals. This was irrespective of the type of surgery performed on multivariate analysis. Moreover, most octogenarians who underwent cardiac surgery had equivalent or better QOL than expected when compared with the general population of the same age and sex. In conclusion, the QOL in octogenarians undergoing cardiac surgery is preserved, irrespective of the interval from and the type of procedure. Octogenarians enjoy a good QOL, both physical and mental performance, irrespective of the time interval after surgery and the type of cardiac surgery that they have undergone. Based on these data, any type of cardiac surgery should still be an option in this age group including complex cardiac procedures.
- Published
- 2016
172. Personalised Prescription of Scalable High Intensity Interval Training to Inactive Female Adults of Different Ages
- Author
-
Alan M. Nevill, Colin Boreham, Jacqueline L. Mair, Giuseppe De Vito, and Eynon, Nir
- Subjects
Physiology ,Physical fitness ,Social Sciences ,lcsh:Medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Metabolic equivalent ,Interval training ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Heart Rate ,Adult ,Age Factors ,Basal Metabolism ,Exercise ,Exercise Test ,Female ,Gait ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Regression Analysis ,Energy Metabolism ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Medicine ,Public and Occupational Health ,Biomechanics ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,Anthropometry ,Climbing ,Sports Science ,Health ,Physical Sciences ,Physical Anthropology ,Exercise prescription ,Cadence ,High-intensity interval training ,Statistics (Mathematics) ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sports, Exercise and Health Science Research Group ,Cardiology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,03 medical and health sciences ,613 Personal health & safety ,Heart rate ,Sports and Exercise Medicine ,Statistical Methods ,Physical activity ,business.industry ,Biological Locomotion ,RC1200 Sports Medicine ,lcsh:R ,Biology and Life Sciences ,030229 sport sciences ,Ageing ,Physical Fitness ,Age Groups ,Anthropology ,Basal metabolic rate ,People and Places ,Physical therapy ,Population Groupings ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Mathematics - Abstract
Stepping is a convenient form of scalable high-intensity interval training (HIIT) that may lead to health benefits. However, the accurate personalised prescription of stepping is hampered by a lack of evidence on optimal stepping cadences and step heights for various populations. This study examined the acute physiological responses to stepping exercise at various heights and cadences in young (n = 14) and middle-aged (n = 14) females in order to develop an equation that facilitates prescription of stepping at targeted intensities. Participants completed a step test protocol consisting of randomised three-minute bouts at different step cadences (80, 90, 100, 110 steps·min-1) and step heights (17, 25, 30, 34 cm). Aerobic demand and heart rate values were measured throughout. Resting metabolic rate was measured in order to develop female specific metabolic equivalents (METs) for stepping. Results revealed significant differences between age groups for METs and heart rate reserve, and within-group differences for METs, heart rate, and metabolic cost, at different step heights and cadences. At a given step height and cadence, middle-aged females were required to work at an intensity on average 1.9 ± 0.26 METs greater than the younger females. A prescriptive equation was developed to assess energy cost in METs using multilevel regression analysis with factors of step height, step cadence and age. Considering recent evidence supporting accumulated bouts of HIIT exercise for health benefits, this equation, which allows HIIT to be personally prescribed to inactive and sedentary women, has potential impact as a public health exercise prescription tool.
- Published
- 2016
173. The Impact of the Built Environment on Young People’s Physical Activity Patterns: A Suburban-Rural Comparison Using GPS
- Author
-
Alan M. Nevill, Peter Collins, Mark Lyons, and Yahya Al-Nakeeb
- Subjects
Male ,Rural Population ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Urban Population ,Cross-sectional study ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,primary-school children ,Physical fitness ,Poison control ,free-living physical activity ,lcsh:Medicine ,Motor Activity ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Article ,Heart Rate ,Residence Characteristics ,Global Positioning System ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,adolescents ,Descriptive statistics ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,adolescent ,Geography ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,England ,Adolescent Behavior ,Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ,Geographic Information Systems ,Female ,Rural area ,business ,Demography - Abstract
peer-reviewed The built environment in which young people live has a significant influence on their physical activity (PA). However, little is known regarding how youth from suburban and rural settings utilise their surrounding environments to participate in free-living PA. 50 adolescents aged 13-14 years old (22 rural; 28 suburban) wore an integrated GPS and heart rate device during non-school hours and completed a daily PA diary over 7 days. Descriptive statistics and analyses of variance were used to explore differences in the amount and location of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) between genders and youth from different geographical settings. Suburban youth participated in significantly (p = 0.004) more daily PA (52.14 minutes MVPA) and were more extensive in their utilisation of their surroundings, compared to rural youth (26.61 minutes MVPA). Suburban youth visited more public recreational facilities and spent significantly more time outdoors and on local streets (109.71 minutes and 44.62 minutes, respectively) compared to rural youth (55.98 minutes and 17.15 minutes, respectively) during weekdays. Rural youth on average spent significantly more time within the home (350.69 minutes) during weekends compared to suburban youth (214.82 minutes). Rural females were the least active group of adolescents, participating in the least amount of daily PA (20.14 minutes MVPA) and spending the least amount of time outdoors (31.37 minutes) during weekdays. Time spent outdoors was positively associated with PA. The findings highlight the disparity in PA levels and the utilisation of the surrounding built environment between youth from two different geographical settings and possible environmental causes are discussed. The study supports the use of GPS (combined with other methods) in investigating geographical differences in young people's PA and movement patterns. This method provides a wealth of information that may assist future policies and interventions in identifying environmental characteristics that promote PA in youth from different geographical settings. PUBLISHED peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2012
174. Evolution and revolution: Gauging the impact of technological and technical innovation on Olympic performance
- Author
-
Nigel J. Balmer, Alan M. Nevill, and Pascoe Pleasence
- Subjects
Male ,Operations research ,Computer science ,Track and Field ,Long jump ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Athletic Performance ,medicine.disease_cause ,Models, Biological ,Jumping ,Inventions ,Technical innovation ,Jump ,Econometrics ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Track and field athletics ,Triple jump - Abstract
A number of studies have pointed to a plateauing of athletic performance, with the suggestion that further improvements will need to be driven by revolutions in technology or technique. In the present study, we examine post-war men's Olympic performance in jumping events (pole vault, long jump, high jump, triple jump) to determine whether performance has indeed plateaued and to present techniques, derived from models of human growth, for assessing the impact of technological and technical innovation over time (logistic and double logistic models of growth). Significantly, two of the events involve well-documented changes in technology (pole material in pole vault) or technique (the Fosbury Flop in high jump), while the other two do not. We find that in all four cases, performance appears to have plateaued and that no further "general" improvement should be expected. In the case of high jump, the double logistic model provides a convenient method for modelling and quantifying a performance intervention (in this case the Fosbury Flop). However, some shortcomings are revealed for pole vault, where evolutionary post-war improvements and innovation (fibre glass poles) were concurrent, preventing their separate identification in the model. In all four events, it is argued that further general growth in performance will indeed need to rely predominantly on technological or technical innovation.
- Published
- 2012
175. Cycle Ergometer Tests in Children With Cystic Fibrosis: Reliability and Feasibility
- Author
-
Gareth W. Davison, Joyce Murray, Lisa Kent, Brenda O'Neill, Alastair Reid, J. Stuart Elborn, Alan M. Nevill, and Judy Bradley
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Coefficient of variation ,medicine.disease ,Cystic fibrosis ,Sprint ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Heart rate ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,Cycle ergometer ,Analysis of variance ,business ,Cycle ergometry ,Reliability (statistics) - Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and feasibility of cycle ergometer tests in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Children with CF aged 6-11 years and with stable lung disease performed two cycle ergometry tests (intermittent sprint and continuous incremental) on two occasions 1 week apart. Reliability was assessed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Bias was considered to be significant at P < 0.05 level and a coefficient of variation (CV) below 10% was considered acceptable. Feasibility and acceptability data were also collected. Sixteen children with CF completed the study: (9M:7F), 8.7(1.8) years, FEV(1) %predicted: 88.1(17.4). Power measurements recorded during the intermittent sprint test demonstrated significant bias over days (P < 0.05) and CVs were between 10% and 15%. Peak work capacity recorded during the continuous incremental test was reliable (bias P < 0.05, CV < 10%), as was heart rate and SpO(2) recorded during both tests (bias P < 0.05, CV < 10%). No problems were experienced in administering the tests and all children completed both tests on two separate occasions. There was a mixed response to questions on acceptability of tests. This is the first study to provide information on the reliability of performance measures recorded during an intermittent sprint protocol (peak power) and a continuous incremental cycle ergometry (peak work capacity) in children with CF.
- Published
- 2012
176. Colorectal cancer incidence and trend in UK South Asians: a 20-year study
- Author
-
S. Hebbar, Alan M. Nevill, Andrew Veitch, and W. J. Fuggle
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,South asia ,Colorectal cancer ,business.industry ,common ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,common.demographic_type ,Population ,Gastroenterology ,South asian population ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,medicine ,Histopathology ,business ,education ,White British ,Demography - Abstract
Aims South Asians comprise 13.6% of the Wolverhampton population. We aimed to compare the incidence and trend of colorectal cancer in this subgroup with the non South Asian population over a 20-year period. Method Patients of South Asian origin diagnosed with colorectal cancer from 1989 to 2008 were identified from the hospital histopathology database and compared with those of non South Asian origin. 1991 and 2001 census data were used to standardize for differing age and sex distributions in the two study populations. Results The median unadjusted incidence of colorectal cancer from 1989 to 2008 was 6.17 per 100 000 per year in South Asians compared with 71.70 per 100 000 per year in non South Asians (77.79% white British). The age and sex adjusted odds ratio for colorectal cancer in South Asians was 0.2 (P females). Conclusion There was a markedly lower incidence of colorectal cancer in South Asians compared with non South Asians, maintained over 20 years. Colorectal cancer incidence increased by a small and similar amount over the period in both groups. There was a male preponderance of colorectal cancer in both populations over 50 years.
- Published
- 2012
177. The Influence of Crowd Noise upon Judging Decisions in Muay Thai
- Author
-
Tony Myers, Yahya Al-Nakeeb, and Alan M. Nevill
- Subjects
Noise ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Perception ,Judgement ,Within person ,Home advantage ,General Medicine ,Psychology ,CONTEST ,Conformity ,Social psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Background: Home advantage has been demonstrated across a number of sports, yet questions still remain over the causes of the phenomenon. Crowd effects on sport officials have been one mechanism proposed in the literature. This study attempted to investigate the impact of crowd noise on home advantage by examining the influence of crowd noise on the judgement decisions of Muay Thai officials. Method: Using a repeated measures design, 10 experienced Muay Thai judges observed a video of a Muay Thai contest in two different conditions: one with and one without crowd noise. Judges recorded the number of strikes each competitor made using mechanical counters with a comparison made between conditions. Results: Judges awarded 1.23 more strikes on average in the presence of crowd noise when compared to the no crowd noise condition. Crowd noise influenced some judges greatly but other far less. The results from a within subject ANOVA analysis suggested the differences between noise conditions were statistically significant (F(1,39) = 4.513, P = . 04, η2 = . 104) as was the home advantage effect (F(1,39) = 4.087, P = .05, η2 = . 095). Conclusion: Crowd noise increased the scores of Muay Thai judges resulting in an advantage to the home competitor. Possible reasons for the findings include informational conformity, the use of a noise heuristic, cue learning or perceptual errors. Avenues for future research are offered.
- Published
- 2012
178. Application of objective physical activity measurement in an antenatal physical activity consultation intervention: a randomised controlled trial
- Author
-
Marlene Sinclair, Marie H. Murphy, Sinead Currie, Dianne S. Liddle, and Alan M. Nevill
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Behavior ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,Intervention ,Northern Ireland ,Prenatal care ,Motor Activity ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,Pregnancy ,Decline ,law ,Humans ,Medicine ,Obesity ,Patterns ,education ,Exercise ,Health Education ,Referral and Consultation ,education.field_of_study ,Intention-to-treat analysis ,Physical activity ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Social Support ,Repeated measures design ,Prenatal Care ,medicine.disease ,Pregnancy Complications ,Treatment Outcome ,Physical therapy ,Gestation ,Female ,business ,RCT ,Research Article - Abstract
Physical Activity (PA) during pregnancy has many health benefits, however, inactivity in this population is common and PA often declines with increasing gestation. PA consultations have been useful in promoting PA in the general population, however their use for addressing PA in pregnancy is unknown. This study aimed to examine if a theory-based intervention using PA consultations would reduce the magnitude of decline in objectively measured PA between the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. A RCT was carried out in an urban maternity unit in Northern Ireland between September 2012 and June 2013. 109 low-risk, primigravida pregnant women were randomised to a control (n = 54) or intervention group (n = 55). Intervention participants received three face-to-face individual PA consultations. Daily PA was measured in each trimester using seven day accelerometry. The study was approved by a NHS trust (12/NI/0036). PA data in counts per minute (CPM) were categorised into intensity using Freedson cut points and mean minutes of PA were compared between groups using repeated measures ANOVA with a sub-analysis stratifying participants per PA level in trimester one. Intention to treat analysis was performed on data from 97 participants. Time in moderate, vigorous and moderate-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) significantly declined between trimesters one and three in both groups (P
- Published
- 2015
179. Acute Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscle Strength in Judoka Athletes: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial
- Author
-
Roger Wolman, Yiannis Koutedakis, Ross Cloak, George S. Metsios, Douglas W Gould, Matthew A. Wyon, Alan M. Nevill, and Andrew Ingham
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Acute effects ,Vitamin ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Placebo ,Gastroenterology ,law.invention ,Double blind ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,Double-Blind Method ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Muscle Strength ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Cholecalciferol ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Vitamin d supplementation ,biology ,business.industry ,Athletes ,030229 sport sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry ,Dietary Supplements ,Muscle strength ,Physical therapy ,business ,Martial Arts - Abstract
Indoor athletes have been shown to be prone to vitamin D3 deficiency. The aim of the study was to examine the acute effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle function using isokinetic dynamometry.Randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind study.Institutional.Adult male white national level judoka athletes (n = 22) who were involved in full-time training. Exclusion criteria were vitamin supplementation, overseas travel to sunny climes, and/or an injury incurred during the last 3 months before testing.Subjects were randomly allocated to the treatment (150 000IU vitamin D3) or placebo and given blinded supplements by an independent researcher. Participants were tested twice, 8 days apart, on a Monday morning before the start of judo training and after 2 days of rest. A 5 to 7 mL of blood sample was collected followed by isokinetic concentric quadriceps and hamstring muscle function assessments on the right leg at 30 and 200°·s.Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze isokinetic muscle force and serum 25(OH)D3. Regression to the mean was used to examine changes in 25(OH)D3 levels over the study period.The treatment group demonstrated a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D levels (34%, P ≤ 0.001) and muscle strength (13%, P = 0.01) between days 1 and 8. No significant differences were found for the placebo group for the same period.A single bolus of 150 000IU vitamin D3 had a significant positive effect on serum 25(OH)D levels and muscle function in vitamin D insufficient elite indoor athletes.Serum 25(OH)D3 levels of indoor athletes should be monitored throughout the year and especially during winter months. Beneficial responses, in muscle strength and serum 25(OH)D3, to 1 dose of vitamin D3 supplementation can be observed within 1 week of ingestion. Muscle strength is linked to serum 25(OH)D levels.
- Published
- 2015
180. Determination of the swing technique characteristics and performance outcome relationship in golf driving for low handicap female golfers
- Author
-
Eric S. Wallace, Susan J. Brown, Steve R. Otto, Alan M. Nevill, Stuart A. Monk, and W. Scott Selbie
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Movement ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Kinematics ,Athletic Performance ,Pelvis ,Young Adult ,Grip strength ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Task Performance and Analysis ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Range of Motion, Articular ,Simulation ,Mathematics ,Analysis of covariance ,Analysis of Variance ,Hand Strength ,Method of analysis ,Thorax ,Swing ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Golf ,Female - Abstract
Previous studies on the kinematics of the golf swing have mainly focused on group analysis of male golfers of a wide ability range. In the present study, we investigated gross body kinematics using a novel method of analysis for golf research for a group of low handicap female golfers to provide an understanding of their swing mechanics in relation to performance. Data were collected for the drive swings of 16 golfers using a 12-camera three-dimensional motion capture system and a stereoscopic launch monitor. Analysis of covariance identified three covariates (increased pelvis-thorax differential at the top of the backswing, increased pelvis translation during the backswing, and a decrease in absolute backswing time) as determinants of the variance in clubhead speed (adjusted r (2) = 0.965, P0.05). A significant correlation was found between left-hand grip strength and clubhead speed (r = 0.54, P0.05) and between handicap and clubhead speed (r = -0.612, P0.05). Flexibility measures showed some correlation with clubhead speed; both sitting flexibility tests gave positive correlations (clockwise: r = 0.522, P0.05; counterclockwise: r = 0.711, P0.01). The results suggest that there is no common driver swing technique for optimal performance in low handicap female golfers, and therefore consideration should be given to individual swing characteristics in future studies.
- Published
- 2011
181. Evidence for Consistency of the Glycation Gap in Diabetes
- Author
-
Ananth U Nayak, David R. Macdonald, M. R. Holland, Baldev M Singh, and Alan M. Nevill
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Physiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Young Adult ,Paired samples ,Glycation ,Consistency (statistics) ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Medicine ,Humans ,Original Research ,Aged ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Aged, 80 and over ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,business.industry ,Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition/Psychosocial Research ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Fructosamine ,chemistry ,Female ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE Discordance between HbA1c and fructosamine estimations in the assessment of glycemia is often encountered. A number of mechanisms might explain such discordance, but whether it is consistent is uncertain. This study aims to coanalyze paired glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)-fructosamine estimations by using fructosamine to determine a predicted HbA1c, to calculate a glycation gap (G-gap) and to determine whether the G-gap is consistent over time. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 2,263 individuals with diabetes who had at least two paired HbA1c-fructosamine estimations that were separated by 10 ± 8 months. Of these, 1,217 individuals had a third pair. The G-gap was calculated as G-gap = HbA1c minus the standardized fructosamine-derived HbA1c equivalent (FHbA1c). The hypothesis that the G-gap would remain consistent in individuals over time was tested. RESULTS The G-gaps were similar in the first, second, and third paired samples (0.0 ± 1.2, 0.0 ± 1.3, and 0.0 ± 1.3, respectively). Despite significant changes in the HbA1c and fructosamine, the G-gap did not differ in absolute or relative terms and showed no significant within-subject variability. The direction of the G-gap remained consistent. CONCLUSIONS The G-gap appears consistent over time; thus, by inference any key underlying mechanisms are likely to be consistent. G-gap calculation may be a method of exploring and evaluating any such underlying mechanisms.
- Published
- 2011
182. Is Goniometry Suitable for Measuring Ankle Range of Motion in Female Ballet Dancers? An Initial Comparison With Radiographic Measurement
- Author
-
Alan M. Nevill, Matthew A. Wyon, Yiannis Koutedakis, David W. Kruse, Jeffrey A. Russell, and Ruth M. Shave
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Ballet ,Radiography ,Plantar flexion ,Young Adult ,Humans ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Dancing ,Range of Motion, Articular ,Podiatry ,Orthodontics ,Measurement method ,Arthrometry, Articular ,business.industry ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Goniometer ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Surgery ,Ballet dancer ,Ankle ,business ,Range of motion ,Ankle Joint - Abstract
Female ballet dancers require extreme ankle motion to attain the demi-plié (weight-bearing full dorsiflexion [DF]) and en pointe (weight-bearing full plantar flexion [PF]) positions of ballet. However, techniques for assessing this amount of motion have not yet received sufficient scientific scrutiny. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine possible differences between weight-bearing goniometric and radiographic ankle range of motion measurements in female ballet dancers. Ankle range of motion in 8 experienced female ballet dancers was assessed by goniometry and 2 radiographic measurement methods. The latter were performed on 3 mediolateral x-rays, in demi-plié, neutral, and en pointe positions; one of them used the same landmarks as goniometry. DF values were not significantly different among the methods, but PF values were (P < .05). Not only was PF of the talocrural joint significantly less than the other 2 measurements (P < .001), PF from the goniometric method applied to the x-rays was significantly less than PF obtained from clinical goniometry (P < .05). These data provide insight into the extreme ankle and foot motion, particularly PF, required in female ballet dancers and suggest that goniometry may not be ideal for assessing ankle range of motion in these individuals. Therefore, further research is needed to standardize how DF and PF are measured in ballet dancers. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic, Level I
- Published
- 2011
183. Modelling the determinants of 2000 m rowing ergometer performance: a proportional, curvilinear allometric approach
- Author
-
Sian V Allen, Steve Ingham, and Alan M. Nevill
- Subjects
Statistics ,Rowing ,Linear regression ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Regression analysis ,Allometry ,Anaerobic exercise ,Confidence interval ,Flywheel ,Mathematics ,Cube root - Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the determinants of indoor rowing using correlations and linear regression. However, the power demands of ergometer rowing are proportional to the cube of the flywheel's (and boat's) speed. A rower's speed, therefore, should be proportional to the cube root (0.33) of power expended. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between 2000 m indoor rowing speed and various measures of power of 76 elite rowers using proportional, curvilinear allometric models. The best single predictor of 2000 m rowing ergometer performance was power at VO(2max)(WVO(2max))(0.28), that explained R(2)=95.3% in rowing speed. The model realistically describes the greater increment in power required to improve a rower's performance by the same amount at higher speeds compared with that at slower speeds. Furthermore, the fitted exponent, 0.28 (95% confidence interval 0.226-0.334) encompasses 0.33, supporting the assumption that rowing speed is proportional to the cube root of power expended. Despite an R(2)=95.3%, the initial model was unable to explain "sex" and "weight-class" differences in rowing performances. By incorporating anaerobic as well as aerobic determinants, the resulting curvilinear allometric model was common to all rowers, irrespective of sex and weight class.
- Published
- 2011
184. Invited Speaker’s Abstracts
- Author
-
Paul N. Nelson, Andrew Veitch, Paul Rylance, and Alan M. Nevill
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,010304 chemical physics ,Chemistry ,Component (thermodynamics) ,Annual Congress of the British Society, 6‐10 December, Liverpool, UK ,Immunology ,Endogenous retrovirus ,medicine.disease ,01 natural sciences ,Virology ,Serology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Matrix (mathematics) ,Rheumatoid arthritis ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,030304 developmental biology - Published
- 2010
185. Predictors of rehabilitation intention and behavior following anterior cruciate ligament surgery: an application of the Theory of Planned Behavior
- Author
-
F. Sayers, M. Cullen, Ailsa Niven, and Alan M. Nevill
- Subjects
Self-efficacy ,Subjective norm ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Rehabilitation ,Multivariate analysis ,biology ,Athletes ,Anterior cruciate ligament ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Significant difference ,Theory of planned behavior ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Psychology - Abstract
This study was guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to assess the predictors of rehabilitation intention and adherence following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery in athletes. Participants (n=87; mean age=28.95±7.7 years) volunteered to participate following their first post-surgery physiotherapy session and completed the baseline measures of intention, attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, participation level, sport and age. At follow-up, 48 participants returned completed rehabilitation diaries detailing adherence behavior every 2 weeks during an 8-week period. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in rehabilitation behavior at weeks 2, 4, 6 or 8. A multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that sport type, sport level, intention and intention(2) significantly predicted rehabilitation behavior, although the strength of relationship varied across the weeks. Self-efficacy was a significant predictor of intention. These findings suggest that adherence behavior is predicted by sport type, participation level and curvilinearly by intention to adhere. Intention to adhere can be positively associated with enhanced self-efficacy. The study has highlighted issues that practitioners should be aware of when encouraging rehabilitation adherence. However, the TPB provided a poor fit for understanding adherence behavior in this setting.
- Published
- 2010
186. The relationship between pedometer-determined physical activity, body mass index and lean body mass index in children
- Author
-
Lorayne Woodfield, Alan M. Nevill, Yahya Al-Nakeeb, and Michael J. Duncan
- Subjects
Male ,Gerontology ,Index (economics) ,Adolescent ,education ,Physical activity ,Walking ,Motor Activity ,Body Mass Index ,Activities of Daily Living ,Humans ,Medicine ,Obesity ,Child obesity ,Child ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Body volume index ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Body Weight ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Overweight ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Pedometer ,Body Composition ,Lean body mass ,Female ,business ,Body mass index ,Demography - Abstract
To cross-sectionally assess weekend to weekday variation of physical activity in British children and to consider the role of Body Mass Index (BMI, W/H(2)) and Lean Body Mass Index (LBMI, H(2)/W) when examining this issue.A total of 496 children aged 8-14 years, were measured for height and weight and the activity levels were analysed using pedometers to measure mean step counts for 4 consecutive days (2 weekdays, 2 weekend days).Boys had significantly lower BMI than girls. Higher values for average weekend steps were associated with lower BMI values. BMI values were; however, found to be positively skewed but when the analysis was repeated using LBMI, data was normally distributed and the conclusions remained the same.Weekday steps are higher than weekend steps for children irrespective of gender or weight status. Mean steps taken during weekend days are significantly associated with reduced BMI in children. These findings may be questioned because BMI is highly skewed and not normally distributed. However, LBMI provides a suitable alternative that is normally distributed and can be used to compare the relationship between weight status and physical activity.
- Published
- 2010
187. Individualised Assessment of Response to Clopidogrel in Patients Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Role for Short Thrombelastography?
- Author
-
V Amoah, Andrew Smallwood, Nick Curzen, A M Worrall, Rajendra Raghuraman, James Cotton, Alan M. Nevill, J Vickers, Alex Hobson, and Simon J. Dunmore
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Unstable angina ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Area under the curve ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Clopidogrel ,Thromboelastography ,Angina ,Angioplasty ,Internal medicine ,Predictive value of tests ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Pharmacology (medical) ,cardiovascular diseases ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Prospective cohort study ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Introduction: There is considerable interindividual variation in response to the antiplatelet agent clopidogrel. Hyporesponse predicts negative outcomes in patients presenting with a variety of ischemic cardiac conditions and following intracoronary stent placement. Many tests of clopidogrel activity are time consuming and complex. Short thromboelastography (s-TEG) allows rapid measurement of platelet clopidogrel response. Aims: We initiated this study to investigate the utility of s-TEG in assessing the response to clopidogrel in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and to compare these results with established clopidogrel monitoring techniques. Methods: Patients admitted with unstable angina (UA) or Non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) undergoing coronary angiography were recruited. After routine loading with clopidogrel, all patients were tested with s-TEG and Accumetrics Verify-Now rapid platelet function analyzer (VN-RPFA). We used the modified TEG technique of measuring area under the curve at 15 min (AUC15), which allows a rapid estimation of antiplatelet response. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation (VASP) was also tested in a subgroup of patients. Clinical follow-up was obtained at 1 year. s-TEG results were correlated with VN-RPFA and VASP findings. Results: A total of 49 patients (33 male, mean age 63) were recruited and tested with s-TEG and VN-RPFA and a total of 39 patients were also assessed with VASP. s-TEG readings correlated well with VN-RPFA (r2= 0.54, P < 0.0001) and VASP (r2= 0.26, P= 0.001). Conclusion: s-TEG provides timely results which compare to current tests of clopidogrel activity. This technique can also be used to measure a variety of other clotting parameters and as such could develop into a valuable near patient test for the interventional cardiologist.
- Published
- 2010
188. A role for human endogenous retrovirus-K (HML-2) in rheumatoid arthritis: investigating mechanisms of pathogenesis
- Author
-
Paul Murray, Alan M. Nevill, Paul N. Nelson, Andrew Veitch, H. A. Ali, H Dava Ejtehadi, Paul Hooley, Graham L. Freimanis, Paul Rylance, A. Alawi, and John S. Axford
- Subjects
Adult ,Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ,Male ,Transcription, Genetic ,Translational Studies ,viruses ,Immunology ,Gene Products, gag ,Arthritis ,medicine.disease_cause ,Autoantigens ,Epitope ,Autoimmunity ,Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,Pathogenesis ,Epitopes ,Retrovirus ,Immunopathology ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,RNA, Messenger ,Aged ,Regulation of gene expression ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,biology ,business.industry ,Endogenous Retroviruses ,Molecular Mimicry ,Synovial Membrane ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Molecular mimicry ,embryonic structures ,RNA, Viral ,Female ,Peptides ,business - Abstract
Summary Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections within the human genome. These molecular fossils draw parallels with present-day exogenous retroviruses and have been linked previously with immunopathology within rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Mechanisms of pathogenesis for HERV-K in RA such as molecular mimicry were investigated. To clarify a role for HERVs in RA, potential autoantigens implicated in autoimmunity were scanned for sequence identity with retroviral epitopes. Short retroviral peptides modelling shared epitopes were synthesized, to survey anti-serum of RA patients and disease controls. A novel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was also developed to quantify accurately levels of HERV-K (HML-2) gag expression, relative to normalized housekeeping gene expression. Both serological and molecular assays showed significant increases in HERV-K (HML-2) gag activity in RA patients, compared to disease controls. The real-time PCR assay identified significant up-regulation in HERV-K mRNA levels in RA patients compared to inflammatory and healthy controls. Exogenous viral protein expression and proinflammatory cytokines were also shown to exert modulatory effects over HERV-K (HML-2) transcription. From our data, it can be concluded that RA patients exhibited significantly elevated levels of HERV-K (HML-2) gag activity compared to controls. Additional factors influencing HERV activity within the synovium were also identified. The significant variation in RA patients, both serologically and transcriptionally, may be an indication that RA is an umbrella term for a number of separate disease entities, of which particular HERV polymorphisms may play a role in development.
- Published
- 2010
189. Just the ticket? The National Professional Qualification and the transition to headship in the East Midlands of England
- Author
-
Christopher Rhodes, Alan M. Nevill, and Mark Brundrett
- Subjects
Management development ,Leadership development ,Preparedness ,Professional qualification ,Pedagogy ,Ticket ,Head teachers ,Questionnaire ,Sociology ,Education ,Instructional leadership - Abstract
This article seeks to explore the influence of the National Professional Qualification for Headship (NPQH) in England in supporting aspirant heads to make the transition to headship. It draws upon a sample of NPQH graduates confirming their perceived readiness for headship prior to the commencement of their NPQH programme. A questionnaire survey of 156 NPQH graduates and subsequent interviews with 15 of the graduates secured perceptions from those who had already made the transition to headship, those who were still intending to and those who were now no longer intending to seek headship. These perceptions encompassed transition preparedness with respect to 20 facets drawn from the National Standards for Head Teachers published by the Department for Education and Skills, the benefits and shortcomings of the NPQH taught element, as well as NPQH‐related experiences in schools, outside schools and in non‐professional life. Interpretation of findings draws upon a transition framework, developed by T. Brown‐Fe...
- Published
- 2009
190. Effects of a 6-week circuit training intervention on body esteem and body mass index in British primary school children
- Author
-
Alan M. Nevill, Michael J. Duncan, and Yahya Al-Nakeeb
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Personality Inventory ,Psychometrics ,Social Psychology ,sports ,Physical activity ,Motor Activity ,Overweight ,Body Mass Index ,law.invention ,Sex Factors ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,Body Image ,medicine ,Humans ,Plyometrics ,Child ,Exercise ,General Psychology ,Applied Psychology ,Circuit training ,Body Weight ,Self Concept ,England ,Physical therapy ,sports.sport ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Body mass index ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Research examining the impact of physical activity on children's body image has been limited and equivocal. The current researchers examined the effect of 6-week circuit-based training on body esteem and body mass index (BMI) in 68 British children (34 boys and 34 girls, aged 10-11 years, 16% overweight, 7% obese). The Body Esteem Scale for Children (BES-C) was administered to both the intervention group and control group, pre, post and 6 weeks post the intervention. BMI was directly assessed from height and body mass pre- and post-intervention. The results of this study revealed that, as compared to the control group, participation in 6-week circuit training significantly improved body esteem scores post-intervention. However, these scores were not sustained 6 weeks post-intervention. The improvement in body esteem scores from pre- to post-intervention was greater for girls as compared to boys. Additionally, BMI decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group.
- Published
- 2009
191. Validity and reliability of cardiorespiratory measurements recorded by the LifeShirt during exercise tests
- Author
-
Brenda O'Neill, Gareth W. Davison, Lisa Kent, Judy Bradley, Alan M. Nevill, and J. Stuart Elborn
- Subjects
Adult ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Respiratory rate ,Physiology ,Monitoring, Ambulatory ,Validity ,law.invention ,Young Adult ,Heart Rate ,law ,Humans ,Medicine ,Plethysmography, Impedance ,Treadmill ,Exercise ,Expiratory Time ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,VO2 max ,Cardiorespiratory fitness ,Respiratory Function Tests ,Exhalation ,Calibration ,Heart Function Tests ,Breathing ,Physical therapy ,Pulmonary Ventilation ,business ,Spirometer - Abstract
The LifeShirt is a novel ambulatory monitoring system that records cardiorespiratory measurements outside the laboratory. Validity and reliability of cardiorespiratory measurements recorded by the LifeShirt were assessed and two methods of calibrating the LifeShirt were compared. Participants performed an incremental treadmill test and a constant work rate test (65% peak oxygen uptake) on four occasions (48 h apart) and wore the LifeShirt, COSMED system and Polar Sport Tester simultaneously. The LifeShirt was calibrated using two methods: comparison to a spirometer; and 800 ml fixed-volume bag. Ventilation, respiratory rate, expiratory time and heart rate recorded by the LifeShirt were compared to measurements recorded by laboratory equipment. Sixteen adults participated (6M:10 F); mean (SD) age 23.1 (2.9) years. Agreement between the LifeShirt and laboratory equipment was acceptable. Agreement for ventilation was improved by calibrating the LifeShirt using a spirometer. Reliability was similar for the LifeShirt and the laboratory equipment. This study suggests that the LifeShirt provides a valid and reliable method of ambulatory monitoring.
- Published
- 2009
192. Physical Fitness and Developmental Coordination Disorder in Greek Children
- Author
-
Georgia D. Tsiotra, Andrew M. Lane, Alan M. Nevill, and Yiannis Koutedakis
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Physical fitness ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Body Mass Index ,Running ,Vertical jump ,Hand strength ,Dash ,Humans ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Child ,Pliability ,Analysis of Variance ,Greece ,Hand Strength ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Motor skills disorders ,Motor Skills Disorders ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Physical Fitness ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Body Composition ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Analysis of variance ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
We investigated whether children with suspected Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD+) demonstrate different physical fitness levels compared with their normal peers (DCD−). Randomly recruited Greek children (n = 177) were assessed for body mass index (BMI), flexibility (SR), vertical jump (VJ), hand strength (HS), 40m dash, aerobic power, and motor proficiency. ANCOVA revealed a motor proficiency (i.e., DCD group) effect for BMI (p < .01), VJ (p < .01), and 40m speed (p < .01), with DCD+ children demonstrating lower values than DCD−. Differences between DCD+ and DCD− were also obtained in log-transformed HS (p < .01). These findings suggest that intervention strategies for managing DCD should also aim at physical fitness increases.
- Published
- 2009
193. Whole-body efficiency is negatively correlated with minimum torque per duty cycle in trained cyclists
- Author
-
Simon A. Jobson, Simon R. George, Alan M. Nevill, Stephen H. Day, and Lindsay M. Edwards
- Subjects
Male ,Work (physics) ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Efficiency ,United Kingdom ,Bicycling ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Torque ,Duty cycle ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Statistics ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Cycling ,Whole body ,Inverse correlation ,Gross efficiency ,Simulation ,Mathematics ,Training history - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a causal relationship between pedalling “circularity” and cycling efficiency. Eleven trained cyclists were studied during submaximal cycling. Variables recorded included gross and delta efficiency and the ratio of minimum to peak torque during a duty cycle. Participants also completed a questionnaire about their training history. The most notable results were as follows: gross efficiency (r = -0.72, P < 0.05 at 250 W) was inversely correlated with the ratio of minimum to peak torque, particularly at higher work rates. There was a highly significant inverse correlation between delta efficiency and average minimum torque at 200 W (r = -0.76, P < 0.01). Cycling experience was positively correlated with delta efficiency and gross efficiency, although experience and the ratio of minimum to peak torque were not related. These results show that variations in pedalling technique may account for a large proportion of the variation in efficiency in trained cyclists. However, it is also possible that some underlying physiological factor influences both. Finally, it appears that experience positively influences efficiency, although the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear.
- Published
- 2009
194. Underweight and obese states both associate with worse disease activity and physical function in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis
- Author
-
Vasileios F. Panoulas, George D. Kitas, Giorgos S. Metsios, Antonios Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou, Athanasios Z. Jamurtas, Alan M. Nevill, and Yiannis Koutedakis
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Arthritis ,Blood Sedimentation ,Gastroenterology ,Body Mass Index ,Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,Thinness ,Rheumatology ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Rheumatoid factor ,Obesity ,Aged ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,C-reactive protein ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,C-Reactive Protein ,Treatment Outcome ,Adipose Tissue ,Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ,Rheumatoid arthritis ,biology.protein ,Female ,Underweight ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Obesity is characterised by low-grade inflammation and could potentially affect disease activity and severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, disease activity score 28, physical function (health assessment questionnaire) and presence of erosions and joint surgery were assessed in 294 (female=219) volunteers with established RA [age 63.3 (56.2-69.6); disease duration 13 (7-20) years]. Smoking status, rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide positivity were also assessed. BMI and BF independently associated with disease characteristics. Compared to normal-weight patients, underweight and obese had higher C-reactive protein (p=0.046) and physical dysfunction (p=0.034). BMI or BF did not associate with presence of erosions or joint surgery. In patients with established RA, both very low and very high BMI and BF associate independently with increased disease activity and physical dysfunction; however, this does not seem to associate with presence of erosions or joint surgery. Further longitudinal studies are required to address this apparent dissociation.
- Published
- 2008
195. Repeatability of scores on a novel test of endurance running performance
- Author
-
Clyde Williams, Alan M. Nevill, and Ian Rollo
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coefficient of variation ,Reproducibility of Results ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Mean age ,Repeatability ,Running ,Test (assessment) ,Young Adult ,Time trial ,Belt speed ,Exercise Test ,Physical Endurance ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Treadmill ,Mathematics - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the repeatability of a running endurance test using an automated treadmill system that requires no manual input to control running speed. On three separate occasions, 7 days apart, 10 experienced male endurance-trained runners (mean age 32 years, s = 10; VO2peak 61 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), s = 7) completed a treadmill time trial, in which they were instructed to run as far as possible in 60 min. The treadmill was instrumented with an ultrasonic feedback-controlled radar modulator that spontaneously regulated treadmill belt speed corresponding to the changing running speed of each runner. Estimated running intensity was 70% VO2peak (s = 11) and the distance covered 13.5 km (s = 2), with no difference in mean performances between trials. The coefficient of variation, estimated using analysis of variance, with participant and trial as main effects, was 1.4%. In summary, the use of an automated treadmill system improved the repeatability of a 60-min treadmill time trial compared with time trials in which speed is controlled manually. The present protocol is a reliable method of assessing endurance performance in endurance-trained runners.
- Published
- 2008
196. Allometric Scaling of Uphill Cycling Performance
- Author
-
Louis Passfield, Simon A. Jobson, Alan M. Nevill, and J. Woodside
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Geometric similarity ,Ergometry ,Thermodynamics ,Pilot Projects ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Allometric model ,Oxygen Consumption ,Task Performance and Analysis ,Range (statistics) ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Muscle Strength ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Power function ,Mathematics ,Exercise Tolerance ,Altitude ,Explained variation ,Mass scaling ,Bicycling ,Exercise Test ,Allometry ,Cycling ,Muscle Contraction - Abstract
Previous laboratory-based investigations have identified optimal body mass scaling exponents in the range 0.79 - 0.91 for uphill cycling. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether or not these exponents are also valid in a field setting. A proportional allometric model was used to predict the optimal power-to-mass ratios associated with road-based uphill time-trial cycling performance. The optimal power function models predicting mean cycle speed during a 5.3 km, 5.4 % road hill-climb time-trial were (V˙O 2max · m −1.24 ) 0.55 and (RMP max · m −1.04 ) 0.54 , explained variance being 84.6 % and 70.5 %, respectively. Slightly higher mass exponents were observed when the mass predictor was replaced with the combined mass of cyclist and equipment (m C ). Uphill cycling speed was proportional to (V˙O 2max · m C −1.33 ) 0.57 and (RMP max · m C −1.10 ) 0.59 . The curvilinear exponents, 0.54 - 0.59, identified a relatively strong curvilinear relationship between cycling speed and energy cost, suggesting that air resistance remains influential when cycling up a gradient of 5.4 %. These results provide some support for previously reported uphill cycling mass exponents derived in laboratories. However, the exponents reported here were a little higher than those reported previously, a finding possibly explained by a lack of geometric similarity in this sample.
- Published
- 2008
197. Post-exercise coincidence anticipation in expert and novice Gaelic games players: the effects of exercise intensity
- Author
-
Alan M. Nevill, Mark Lyons, and Yahya Al-Nakeeb
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Empirical data ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Post exercise ,Exercise intensity ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,General Medicine ,Psychology ,Heart rate reserve ,Coincidence - Abstract
Within the current scientific literature, there is a distinct lack of empirical data examining the effects of exercise intensity on coincidence anticipation and, to date, no study has examined this in Gaelic games. Furthermore, many previous studies failed to consider fully sport specificity. The aims of this study were to examine the effect of moderate- and high-intensity exercise on coincidence anticipation and to determine whether post-exercise changes in coincidence anticipation were the same in novice and expert Gaelic games players (hurlers). Eleven expert and nine novice hurlers participated in this study. After familiarization, coincidence anticipation was measured using the Bassin Anticipation Timer at rest, following moderate- and high-intensity exercise. Exercise intensities were set using an incremental running protocol until the participants reached steady-state 70% and 90% heart rate reserve. To simulate hitting a ball, participants swung or “pulled” using a continuous swing at full...
- Published
- 2008
198. Pre-Exercise Alkalosis and Acid-Base Recovery
- Author
-
Lars R. McNaughton, Simon Keatley, Alan M. Nevill, Adrian W. Midgley, and Jason C. Siegler
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alkalosis ,Ergometry ,Physical Exertion ,Passive recovery ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Physical exercise ,Placebo ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pre exercise ,Double-Blind Method ,medicine ,Humans ,Ingestion ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Lactic Acid ,Acid-Base Equilibrium ,Sodium bicarbonate ,business.industry ,Metabolic disorder ,Recovery of Function ,Carbon Dioxide ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,medicine.disease ,Bicycling ,Surgery ,Oxygen ,Sodium Bicarbonate ,chemistry ,Anesthesia ,business - Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe the influence of pre-exercise sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion and varying recovery modes on acid-base recovery from a single bout of supramaximal exercise. Nine male subjects completed four separate, randomized cycle ergometer exercise trials to volitional fatigue at 120% maximum power output, under the following conditions: 0.3 g.kg(-1) BW NaHCO3 ingestion with passive recovery (BICARB P), 0.3 g.kg (-1) BW NaHCO3 ingestion with active recovery (BICARB A), placebo ingestion with passive recovery (PLAC P) and placebo ingestion with active recovery (PLAC A). Capillary blood samples were obtained every minute for 15 min during recovery. Significant main effects for pH were observed for time (F = 42.1, p < 0.001), intervention (BICARB and PLAC) (F = 1117.3, p < 0.001) and recovery condition (F = 150.0, p < 0.001), as the BICARB condition reduced acid-base perturbation. Significant interaction effects were observed between conditions (BICARB and PLAC) for active and passive recovery modes (F = 29.1, p < 0.001) as the active recovery facilitated H+ removal better than the passive condition. Pre-exercise alkalosis attenuates blood acid-base perturbations from supramaximal exercise to exhaustion, regardless of whether the recovery mode is active or passive. These findings suggest that individuals may benefit from introducing a pre-exercise alkalotic condition while including passive recovery during high-intensity training protocols.
- Published
- 2008
199. Leadership Talent Identification and Development
- Author
-
Mark Brundrett, Alan M. Nevill, and Christopher Rhodes
- Subjects
Leadership studies ,Educational leadership ,Leadership development ,Strategy and Management ,Succession planning ,Pedagogy ,Leadership style ,Sociology ,Shared leadership ,Focus group ,Education ,Instructional leadership - Abstract
This article reports on outcomes from a study funded by the National College for School Leadership (NCSL) designed to explore leadership talent identification, development, succession and retention in contextually different primary and secondary schools in England. Focus groups and a questionnaire were used to secure perceptions of heads, middle leaders and classroom teachers about leadership talent identification and development. Twenty characteristics indicative of leadership talent were identified. Agreement and disjuncture were recorded concerning the importance of characteristics among respondent groups. The implications of these findings for leadership development and succession, in the face of a potential leadership crisis in the UK and internationally, are discussed. The longer-term career planning of staff, the place of needs analysis, self-disclosure and senior leadership decision-making are examined with respect to leadership talent identification and development. The article offers a basis upon which schools can reflect on their role in providing a good training ground for future leaders. School-based changes are recommended so that individual school's longer-term leadership requirements may be better addressed.
- Published
- 2008
200. Development of an operational fitness test for the Royal Air Force
- Author
-
Sam D. Blacker, Steve Moore, Mark P. Rayson, Alan M. Nevill, David M. Wilkinson, Victoria L. Richmond, Jill Du Ross, and James M. Carter
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Engineering ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Physical fitness ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Test validity ,Anthropometry ,United Kingdom ,Test (assessment) ,Military Personnel ,Fitness test ,Physical Fitness ,Statistics ,Exercise Test ,Humans ,Female ,Aptitude ,business ,Predictive modelling ,Reliability (statistics) ,Simulation ,media_common - Abstract
Since 2002, the Royal Air Force (RAF) has been working towards developing role-related physical tests for use as an operational fitness test (OFT). The purpose of this study was to establish reliability of the OFT (comprising four tests), investigate gym-based tests as predictors of performance and establish performance standards. Fifty-eight RAF personnel performed the OFT on three occasions. A separate cohort carried out fitness and anthropometric tests before performing the OFT, by way of establishing performance predictors. Documented evidence and views of an expert panel were used to determine OFT standards. Reliability ranged from moderate to good for three tests, with one test (Dig) showing poor reliability. The 95% limits of agreement for the prediction models ranged from good to poor (6.7-34.2%). The prediction models were not sufficiently accurate to estimate confidently OFT performance, but could be used as a guide to quantify likely outcome and training needs.
- Published
- 2008
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.