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Aim:The mental health of parents is affected by the behavior of their children due to parent-child relationships. This study aimed to examine the marital adjustment, emotional problems, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the mothers of children with ADHD, and the relationships of these parameters with each other and with the offspring’s behavioral problems.Methods:This study was conducted with 152 mothers, 90 of whom had children with ADHD, between October 2020 and April 2021. The Conners’ parent rating scale-revised long version (CPRS-RL) was used to rate the children’s symptoms. Mothers were evaluated using a sociodemographic information form, the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), the Beck depression inventory (BDI), the adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS), and the marriage adjustment scale (MAS). Statistical comparisons were made between the data obtained from scales and hospital records.Results:Significant associations were observed between oppositional and anxious-shy symptoms in children and the BAI and ASRS; between social problems and psychosomatic symptoms and the BAI, BDI, ASRS, and MAS; between restless-impulsive symptoms and BAI-BDI, ASRS, and MAS; between emotional lability and BAI, BDI, and ASRS; between inattention and BAI; and between hyperactivity-impulsivity and ASRS scores (p

This study offers an in-depth analysis of labour productivity of manufacturing sector in Turkey and provides a comparison with EU27 and EA19 countries utilizing Eurostat time series data of 63 quarters covering 2005/first quarter-2020/third quarter time interval. Productivity trends are identified and interpreted by relating them with the key macroeconomic events and factors. Multiple linear and non-linear regression equations, and ARIMA model with different parameters are applied to the time series data considering the periods with and without covid effect. Future projections are made for the periods 2020–2023 for Turkey manufacturing sector based on the best fitting regression and ARIMA solutions and they are compared. Findings revealed that extreme covid conditions of even two quarters of data have significant impact on the forecasted values for Turkey, EU27 and EA19 countries. ARIMA analysis with 12 different parameter settings provided accurate results, supported by Thiel’s inequality coefficients and standard error measures. Analysis has shown consistent patterns between EA19 and EU27 countries. ARIMA results represent better compatibility with the regression results for Turkey. Study is valuable by providing comprehensive and comparative analysis, revealing future forecasts and covid effect and degree of recovery from the pandemic.

IntroductionChiari malformation type 1 (CM1), a complex pathological developmental disorder of the craniovertebral junction, is typically characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils from the foramen magnum. Treatment using posterior fossa decompression alone without taking the ventral cervico-medullary compression into consideration may lead to unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. The current study evaluated the utility of the modified clivoaxial angle (MCAA) in assessing ventral compression and also examined its effect on treatment outcomes.MethodThis retrospective study included 215 adult patients who underwent surgical treatment for CM1 at one medical center over a 10-year period. The following surgical techniques were used to decompress the posterior fossa: (a) PFD: bone removal only; (b) PFDwD: bone removal with duraplasty; and (c) CTR: cerebellar tonsil resection. The morphometric measurements of the craniovertebral junction (including MCAA) were recorded using preoperative images, and the postoperative clinical status was evaluated using the Chicago Chiari outcome scale (CCOS).ResultsMCAA was positively correlated with the CCOS score and also independently predicted treatment outcome. To enable Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of CCOS scores, the patients were divided into three groups based on the MCAA cut-off values, as follows: (a) severe (n = 43): MCAA ≤ 126; (b) moderate (n = 86): 126 138. Group a exhibited severe ventral cervico-medullary compression (VCMC), and their CCOS scores for the PFD, PFDwD, and CTR groups were 11.01 ± 1.2, 11.24 ± 1.3, and 13.01 ± 1.2, respectively (p 138°) exhibited 78% regression of syringomyelia, and this was significantly greater than that observed in the other groups.DiscussionMCAA can be used in the selection of appropriate surgical techniques and prediction of treatment outcomes, highlighting the importance of preoperative evaluation of ventral clivoaxial compression in patients with CM1.

This design research investigated the mathematical practices that eight graders (14-year-old students) developed when learning about prisms, cylinders, and their surface areas. An inquiry-based learning environment was created for students to engage in argumentation. The instruction was enriched by use of a dynamic geometry software, namely GeoGebra, to assist students in visualizing and reasoning about 3D shapes. Rasmussen and Stephan's three-phase method (2008) was used to organize the collected data, which in turn were analyzed using Krummheuer's model of argumentation (2015). The results indicated the emergence of three mathematical practices and several taken-as-shared ideas: (1) defining prisms, (2) computing the surface area of a prism, and (3) computing the surface area of a cylinder. The study's results revealed that students' understanding improved when learning concepts simultaneously with argumentation and dynamic geometry software.

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive deterioration of the nervous system. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD) are prominently life‐threatening examples of neurodegenerative diseases. The complexity of the pathophysiology in neurodegenerative diseases causes difficulties in diagnosing. Although the drugs temporarily help to correct specific symptoms including memory loss and degeneration, a complete treatment has not been found yet. New therapeutic approaches have been developed to understand and treat the underlying pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. With this purpose, clustered‐regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) technology has recently suggested a new treatment option. Editing of the genome is carried out by insertion and deletion processes on DNA. Safe delivery of the CRISPR/Cas system to the targeted cells without affecting surrounding cells is frequently investigated. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), that is exosomes, have recently been used in CRISPR/Cas studies. In this review, CRISPR/Cas and EV approaches used for diagnosis and/or treatment in AD, PD, ALS, and HD are reviewed. CRISPR/Cas and EV technologies, which stand out as new therapeutic approaches, may offer a definitive treatment option in neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KCNMA1 located on chromosome 10q22.3, encodes the pore-forming α subunit of the 'Big K+' (BK) large conductance calcium and voltage-activated K + channel. Numerous evidence suggests the functional BK channel alterations produced by different KCNMA1 alleles may associate with different symptoms, such as paroxysmal non kinesigenic dyskinesia with gain of function and ataxia with loss of function. Functional classifications revealed two major patterns, gain of function and loss of function effects on channel properties in different cell lines. In the literature, two mutations have been shown to confer gain of function properties to BK channels: D434G and N995S. In this study, we report the functional characterization of a variant which was previously reported the whole exome sequencing revealed bi-allelic nonsense variation of the cytoplasmic domain of calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 protein. To detect functional consequences of the variation, we parallely conducted two independent approaches. One is immunostaining using and the other one is electrophysiological recording using patch-clamp on wild-type and R458X mutant cells to detect the differences between wild-type and the mutant cells. We detected the gain of function effect for the mutation (NM_001161352.1 (ENST00000286628.8):c.1372C > T;Arg458*) using two parallel approaches. According to the result we found, the reported mutation causes the loss of function in the cell. It should be noted that in future studies, it can be thought that the functions of genes associated with channelopathies may have a dual effect such as loss and gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulnar Neuropathy of the Elbow (UNE) is the second most common entrapment neuropathy. In this study, we aimed to determine the factors that may guide diagnosis and treatment by examining the electrodiagnostic (EDX), demographic data and upper extremity-related disability levels of patients with UNE. Demographic characteristics, symptom duration, EDX data and any other accompanying entrapment neuropathy, and the shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Injuries Questionnaire (Quick-DASH) scores were noted. The laterality, localization, factors associated with the severity of UNE, and the impact of the presence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) on disability have been studied in detail. 92 arms of 73 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 47.71±13.99 years. 41 (56.2%) were male and 32 (43.8%) were female. 29 (39.7%) patients had at least one comorbid disease. Of the patients, 30 (41%) had left-sided UNE, 24 (33%) had right-sided UNE and 19 (26%) had bilateral UNE. The median symptom duration was 3 (1-12) months. 28 (38.4%) patients had also CTS. The median Quick-DASH score was 28 (9-80). There was also no significant association between UNE side and age or gender (p=0.439 and p=0.216, respectively). In 62 (67.4%) patients, the site of compression was 2 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle (ME). Symptom duration was statistically significantly longer in the moderate group than in the mild group, and in the severe group than in the mild UNE group (p<0.001 and p=0.035 respectively). When the association of compression neuropathy severity with gender and comorbidities was analyzed, no significant association was found (p=976 and p=330, respectively). In conclusion, UNE was more common in men, on the left side and 2 cm proximal to the ME. Controlled studies with more participants are needed to uncover factors that may guide the diagnosis and treatment of UNE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive peptides have been emerging as drug candidates with increasing importance in the last few decades. In this study, to evaluate the anticancer and antiviral properties of EER (Glu‐Glu‐Arg), EPR (Glu‐Pro‐Arg), and PRP (Pro‐Arg‐Pro) tripeptides, firstly their conformation preferences were searched, and the most stable optimized structure of each tripeptide was determined, using the molecular mechanics force field (MMFF) method and the Spartan06 program. Afterwards, each tripeptide was docked to SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein receptor‐binding domain (6M0J), SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (6M03, 6LU7), spike glycoprotein (6VXX), DNA (1BNA), integrins (4WK0, 3ZDX, 1JV2) and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (4HJO). Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to validate the stability of the EER, EPR and PRP tripeptides docked to SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease, MPro (6M03) and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (4HJO) within 100 ns time scale and ligand‐receptor interactions were evaluated. The metrics root‐mean‐square deviation, root‐mean‐square fluctuation, intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and radius of gyration revealed that the EER, EPR, and PRP tripeptides form energetically stable complexes with the target proteins. The binding free energies were calculated by the combination of Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) and Molecular Mechanics/Poisson‐Boltzmann Surface Area (MM‐PBSA) methods (MM/PB(GB)SA). Principal Component Analysis on MD data was performed to evaluate the energy and structural information of the tripeptide‐protein complexes. Additionally, in‐silico structure‐based pharmacological predictions were made and the anticancer and antibacterial activities of the tripeptides were predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to reveal the views and suggestions of in-service mathematics teachers about supporting online learning. Many times, studies indicate the teachers' views related to the advantages and disadvantages of online learning. However, limited studies investigate teachers' views for improving the online learning environment. Thus, this study reveals teachers' recommendations for supporting elearning. To achieve this, a case study was conducted to describe teachers' views. Data were collected from four middle and high school mathematics teachers through interviews, reflections, and lesson plans for online mathematics education courses. Teachers' views and suggestions related to supporting online learning were coded under five categories: norms, selection of manipulatives, building a community of learners, participation in group work, and assessment in the online learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately predicting a fetus's gestational age (GA) is crucial in prenatal care. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict GA using biometric measurements from fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We assessed the significance of using different reference standards for interpreting GA predictions. Measurements of biparietal diameter (BPD), fronto-occipital diameter (FOD), and head circumference (HC) were obtained from 52 normal fetal MRI cases from Rush University. Both manual and AI-based methods were utilized, and comparisons were made using three reference standards (Garel, Freq, and Bio). The AI model showed a strong correlation with manual measurements, particularly for HC, which exhibited the highest correlation with actual values. Differences between GA predictions and picture archiving and communication system (PACS) records varied by reference, ranging from 0.47 to 2.17 weeks for BPD, 0.46 to 2.26 weeks for FOD, and 0.75 to 1.74 weeks for HC. Pearson correlation coefficients between PACS records and GA predictions exceeded 0.97 across all references. In conclusion, the AI model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting GA from fetal brain MRI measurements. This approach offers improved accuracy and convenience over manual methods, highlighting the potential of AI in enhancing prenatal care through precise GA estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies reveal that students as well as teachers have difficulties in understanding and learning of decimals. The purpose of this study is to investigate students' as well as pre-service teachers' solution strategies when solving a question that involves an estimation task for the value of a decimal number on the number line. We also examined the pre-service teachers' anticipation of students' misconceptions and difficulties for the given task. To conduct our analysis, we conducted interviews with three 5th and three 6th grade students, and eight pre-service teachers. During the interviews we asked them to solve the question and explain their solution strategies. The findings of the study indicate that students and pre-service teachers approach this problem in different ways. However, both groups have a tendency to think of decimals successively and indicate precise answers rather than specifying a range of possible values. We also observed the pre-service teachers could only partially anticipate the misconceptions and difficulties faced by the students.

The current industrial environment relies heavily on maritime transportation. Despite the continuous technological advances for the development of innovative safety software and hardware systems, there is a consistent gap in the scientific literature regarding the objective evaluation of the performance of maritime operators. The human factor is profoundly affected by changes in human performance or psychological state. The difficulty lies in the fact that the technology, tools, and protocols for investigating human performance are not fully mature or suitable for experimental investigation. The present research aims to integrate these two concepts by (i) objectively characterizing the psychological state of mariners, i.e., mental workload, stress, and attention, through their electroencephalographic (EEG) signal analysis, and (ii) validating an innovative safety framework countermeasure, defined as Human Risk-Informed Design (HURID), through the aforementioned neurophysiological approach. The proposed study involved 26 mariners within a high-fidelity bridge simulator while encountering collision risk in congested waters with and without the HURID. Subjective, behavioral, and neurophysiological data, i.e., EEG, were collected throughout the experimental activities. The results showed that the participants experienced a statistically significant higher mental workload and stress while performing the maritime activities without the HURID, while their attention level was statistically lower compared to the condition in which they performed the experiments with the HURID (all p < 0.05). Therefore, the presented study confirmed the effectiveness of the HURID during maritime operations in critical scenarios and led the way to extend the neurophysiological evaluation of the HFs of maritime operators during the performance of critical and/or standard shipboard tasks.

The purpose of this study is to reduce ethics violations such as tricking and cheating that may occur in the offline assessment of undergraduate level Physics-II (Electricity) course subjects. The study is significant for the reliable and ethical evaluation of the Internet and computer-based educational process. Thirty-eight pre-service teachers participated in the study by using the Internet and computer. The offline assessment exam consisted of 18 conceptual and operational (problems) questions concerning the subjects covered in the Physics-II course, and the exam duration was 60 minutes. Ethics violations in the exam were determined by analyzing the exam results based on five criteria: time passed in the exam, the number of right and wrong answers, the distribution of right and wrong answers, the distribution of unanswered questions, offline exam mark, and in-class academic success score. Based on these criteria, 23 pre-service teachers were seen to have violated ethics, while 15 pre-service teachers did not engage in such violations. This can be used as a criterion for maintaining the reliability and ethicality of offline Physics-II exams conducted over the Internet. Besides the application of such criteria, question pools containing a great number of questions and various exams with high reliability that are made up of these questions may be created, and the constraints of the Internet and computer-based exams may be decreased, thereby rendering them more reliable.

The purpose of this study is to investigate a preservice middle school mathematics teacher's noticing of student mathematical thinking within the context of lesson study as a component of a teaching practicum course in a teacher education program. This study also examines how preservice teacher education experiences in the context of lesson study influence the noticing skill of the participant preservice teacher, Lisa. Results indicated that the lesson study process supported teacher noticing of student mathematical thinking as the preservice teacher engaged in planning, teaching, and reflecting on the lessons. It was found that the collaborative and reflective structure of lesson study based on the anticipation of students' thinking and interactions between group members significantly increased the level of noticing. The study also revealed that reading about mathematics subjects and the classroom teacher's feedback proved helpful to develop Lisa's noticing.

Today, technology needs to be used effectively in the structuring of learning environments where learners can learn by experimenting and exploring knowledge. Parallel to the adoption of the constructivist approach in the development of teaching programmes in Turkey, individuals should be able to live and practice developing and learning by themselves. To be able to solve problems and to cope with problems in real life are considered to be characteristics that should be present in today's individuals. In order to acquire these qualifications, learning environments and teaching activities must be organised accordingly. To provide these environments, tutoring could be revised according to the relevant points and also new achievements could be included to the curriculum. A pre-test, post-test, semi-experimental design without a control group was employed in the current study. Before and after the start of the experimental work, the scale of 'How creative are you?' adapted by Aksoy (2004) to students and the 'Problem solving inventory' developed by Sahin et al. (1993) were applied. Accordingly, a curriculum was prepared and conducted over a total of 10 weeks, and for 2 hours per week. As a result, it was seen that students who received both programmes of 3D Design and Robotics Programming, increased their problem-solving skill perceptions and creativity levels, according to their creativity point averages and positive expression of problem-solving skill perceptions.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the association between prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Material and methods: A total of 251 patients who were at high risk for contrast nephropathy were included in the study. The patients were grouped according to their PNI score (PNI score Results: Two groups were assigned according to the PNI score. The first group consists of 111 patients (PNI Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the PNI score was an independent risk factor for the development of CIN.

BackgroundCough associated headache is the most common symptom in Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1). However, its pathophysiology and treatment are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), an indicator of intracranial pressure, and headache and to investigate its predictive value on postoperative outcome.MethodsIn symptomatic CM1 patients, craniovertebral junction morphometric measurements and ONSD measurements were made from preoperative MR images, and headache intensities and characteristics were evaluated. After different surgical procedures, the clinical characteristics of the patients were evaluated according to the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale, the change in headache intensity was assessed and the relationship with ONSD was evaluated.ResultsPreoperative headache intensity was significantly correlated with ONSD measurement (p < 0.01). Modified clivoaxial angle and ONSD were independent predictors of postoperative clinical outcome (p < 0.01). The procedure that achieved the greatest surgical enlargement of the foramen Magnum stenosis provided the best clinical outcome. Postoperative reduction in headache intensity and ONS diameter were correlated (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe fact that ONSD is found to be wide in the preoperative period in CM1 patients indicates that the intracranial pressure is permanently high. This diameter increase is correlated with headache and is a valuable guide in the selection of the appropriate treatment method.

Objetivo: La acidosis es la complicación más peligrosa en la hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA). El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto del líquido cefalorraquídeo ácido en las estructuras del canal central tras la HSA. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 28 conejos híbridos. Se registraron los valores de pH de la sangre y del líquido cefalorraquídeo antes, durante y después de los procedimientos experimentales. A continuación se examinaron histopatológicamente las estructuras relacionadas con los canales centrales a nivel de C5 de la médula espinal cervical. Se analizó estadísticamente la relación entre los valores de pH de las células ependimarias y las densidades de células epiteliales degeneradas. Resultados: Los valores medios de pH en sangre y la densidad de células ependimarias degeneradas (n/mm2) fueron los siguientes: 7.351 ± 0.033/23 ± 7 en el control, 7.322 ± 0.059/78 ± 13 en el SHAM, 7.261 ± 0.048/254 ± 62 en los animales del estudio. Los exámenes macroscópicos revelaron hinchazón, edema, adherencias pia-aracnoideas, dilatación del canal ventral, aracnoiditis, hemorragia del canal central, oclusiones y dilatación en la médula espinal. Conclusiones: Las patologías del canal central inducidas por la acidosis del líquido cefalorraquídeo deben considerarse como una complicación importante de la HSA tras una hemorragia subaracnoidea.

INTRODUCTION:Cytokines are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases such as epilepsy. It is predicted that ınterleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels in brain tissue are effective in the initiation and maintenance of epileptic seizures. However, there is no study addressing the inflammatory process in the lung in epileptic conditions. It was aimed to contribute to the mechanism of respiratory pathologies accompanying epilepsy in this study.METHODS:The chemical pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) has been used to develop epileptic seizures in rats. To examine the effect of seizures on the formation of inflammation in the lung, the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:We found that the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in the lung tissue of rats in the animal model of epilepsy induced by PTZ increased significantly. In addition, we found that both IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expression increased at a higher rate in epileptic females than males.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:This is the first study evaluating the IL-1β and IL-6 expression levels in the lung. Our results support the existence of an inflammatory state in epileptic patients. The significance of our findings will be supported by future studies on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in the lung.